TWI475112B - 鋼板、鍍敷鋼板、及其等之製造方法 - Google Patents
鋼板、鍍敷鋼板、及其等之製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI475112B TWI475112B TW102105252A TW102105252A TWI475112B TW I475112 B TWI475112 B TW I475112B TW 102105252 A TW102105252 A TW 102105252A TW 102105252 A TW102105252 A TW 102105252A TW I475112 B TWI475112 B TW I475112B
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- Prior art keywords
- less
- steel sheet
- iron
- temperature
- strength
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 123
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 123
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 183
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 92
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZDVYABSQRRRIOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;iron Chemical compound [Fe]#B ZDVYABSQRRRIOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0242—Flattening; Dressing; Flexing
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
- C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
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- C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
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Description
本發明係有關於適用於汽車用鋼板用途,特別是,底盤零件之疲勞特性、延性及擴孔性優異,且衝撞特性亦優異的高強度鋼板、鍍敷鋼板、及其等之製造方法。
本申請案係依據2012年2月17日,於日本申請之特願2012-032591號主張優先權,並於此引用其內容。
近年來,汽車製造商為對應於2012年之歐洲的CO2
排放規制強化、2015年之日本燃料費規制強化、及歐洲之衝撞規制強化等,以因車體輕量化的燃料費提升及提升衝撞安全性為目的,正急速地進行使用鋼材之高強度化。如此之高強度鋼板係稱作「高抗拉強度鋼」,主要係抗拉強度440~590MPa,且最近大於590MPa之薄鋼板的訂貨量有逐年增加的傾向。
其中,由機殼框架等底盤零件之適用部位的觀點來看,亦要求優異之疲勞特性,特別是由其零件形狀的觀點來看,要求優異之延性及擴孔性。另一方面,底盤零件
通常係以板厚之厚度2.0mm以上的熱軋鋼板作為主流,但為確保剛性而選擇較厚之材料係可保證品質,相較於本體零件等,底盤零件之薄化較緩慢係為現狀。因此,於推進底盤零件薄化時,為使因腐蝕造成的板厚減少量變少,預料有將自現行之熱軋鋼板朝防鏽性高之熔融鍍鋅鋼板使用的動向。
一般而言,疲勞特性以疲勞強度除以抗拉強度之疲勞強度比為0.45以上係為良好。又,抗拉強度與全伸長的積為17000MPa.%以上時,視為延性良好,抗拉強度為590MPa級時擴孔率係80%以上,視為擴孔性良好。又,降伏強度除以抗拉強度之降伏比為0.80以上時,可視為耐衝撞特性良好。
一般而言,抗拉強度增加時,因降伏強度亦增加,延性下降,且延伸凸緣成形性受損。以往,於含有肥粒鐵與麻田散鐵2相之Dual Phase(DP:雙相)鋼中,延性雖優異,但容易產生於軟質相之肥粒鐵與硬質相之麻田散鐵的界面附近因局部之應變集中造成微裂痕之產生及進展,故可知成為擴孔性不佳的微觀組織形態。因此,可知微觀組織間之硬度差越小越可提升擴孔性,具有如肥粒鐵或變韌鐵單相鋼之均一組織的鋼板係為佳,但另一方面,因造成延性下降,故以往兼具延性與擴孔性係為困難。
另一方面,一般而言,抗拉強度上升時,有疲勞強度亦上升之傾向,但為更高強度之材料時,疲勞強度比係下降。另,疲勞強度比係鋼板之疲勞強度除以抗拉強度
後求得。一般而言,鋼板最表層越硬化鋼材之疲勞強度越為提升,故為得優異之疲勞特性,鋼板最表層的硬化係為重要。
迄今,兼具擴孔性與延性與延伸凸緣性之高強度鋼板,有人提出了例如專利文獻1中,積極地添加Al,且積極地添加有Nb,Ti及V等碳氮化物形成元素的鋼板。然而,專利文獻1中所提出之鋼板需添加0.4%以上的大量Al,不僅合金成本增加,亦有熔接性劣化之課題。又,並無與疲勞特性相關的記載,亦未揭示與成為耐衝撞特性指標之降伏比相關的內容。
又,專利文獻2及3中,提出了一種積極地添加有Nb及Ti之擴孔性優異的高強度鋼板。然而,於專利文獻2及3中所提出之鋼板因積極地添加Si,故有鍍敷濕潤性差的課題。又,並無關於疲勞特性之記載,亦未揭示與成為耐衝撞特性指標之降伏比相關的內容。
又,專利文獻4中,提出了一種積極地添加有Nb及Ti之兼具疲勞特性與擴孔性的鋼板。然而,於專利文獻4中所提出之鋼板係以IF鋼作為基底,有不易達到抗拉強度590MPa以上之高強度化的課題。又,未揭示與成為耐衝撞特性指標之降伏比相關的內容。
又,專利文獻5中,提出了一種藉由控制鋼中之夾雜物,兼具疲勞特性與擴孔性的高強度鋼板。然而,專利文獻5中所提出之鋼板需添加La或Ce等稀有金屬,不僅合金成本增加,未揭示與成為耐衝撞特性指標之降伏比相關
的內容。
又,專利文獻6中,提出了一種積極地添加有Nb,Ti、Mo及V等碳氮化物形成元素之擴孔性優異的鋼板。然而,專利文獻6中所提出之鋼板中,肥粒鐵之維克氏硬度需為0.3×TS+10以上。因本發明所預測之抗拉強度係590MPa級,故須至少使肥粒鐵之維克氏硬度為187Hv以上,推測需添加大量之合金化元素(特別是C、Nb或Ti等碳氮化物形成元素、Si等肥粒鐵安定化元素),使肥粒鐵變硬,故合金成本增加,且未揭示與成為耐衝撞特性指標之降伏比相關的內容。
專利文獻1:日本專利特開2004-204326號公報
專利文獻2:日本專利特開2004-225109號公報
專利文獻3:日本專利特開2006-152341號公報
專利文獻4:日本專利特開平7-090483號公報
專利文獻5:日本專利特開2009-299136號公報
專利文獻6:日本專利特開2006-161111號公報
本發明之課題係穩定且無損生產性地提供疲勞特性、延性及擴孔性,且衝撞特性均優異之高強度鋼板、鍍敷鋼板。
本發明係藉由進行為解決提升抗拉強度590MPa以上之高強度鋼板、鍍敷鋼板之疲勞特性、及提升延性-擴孔性均衡的課題之檢討所得的觀察所得知識。換言之,藉由積極地添加合金元素量,特別是Al,將Nb與Ti之添加量最適化,適當化微觀組織,且退火步驟中,藉由保持加熱至最高加熱溫度後冷卻至適當之溫度,控制肥粒鐵中的雪明碳鐵之形態為細緻。並且,本發明係依據退火後施行適當之表皮輥軋(skin pass rolling),使表層硬化,藉此可製造具有較以往優異之疲勞特性、延性及擴孔性,並具有更優異之衝撞特性的鋼板之觀察所得知識而作成者,其要旨係如以下所述。另,本技術作為對象之鋼板的抗拉強度本来係無上限,但實際上,抗拉強度欲高於980MPa係為困難。
(1)本發明之第一態樣之鋼板,以質量%計,係含有C:0.020%以上且0.080%以下、Si:0.01%以上且0.10%以下、Mn:0.80%以上且1.80%以下、及Al:大於0.10%且小於0.40%,並限制P:0.0100%以下、S:0.0150%以下、及N:0.0100%以下,更含有合計為0.030%以上且0.100%以下的Nb:0.005%以上且0.095%以下、Ti:0.005%以上且0.095%以下兩者,並且剩餘部分係由鐵及不可避免的不純物所構成:金屬組織係由肥粒鐵、變韌鐵及其他相所構成,前述其他相包含波來鐵、残留沃斯田鐵及麻田散鐵,前述肥粒鐵之面積率係80%~95%,前述變韌鐵之面積率係5%~20%,前述其他相之分率的合計小於3%,前述肥粒鐵
中之雪明碳鐵的圓等效直徑係0.003μm以上且0.300μm以下,前述肥粒鐵中之前述雪明碳鐵的個數密度係0.02個/μm2
以上且0.10個/μm2
以下,抗拉強度係590MPa以上,且作為相對於前述抗拉強度之疲勞強度的疲勞強度比係0.45以上。
(2)如前述(1)之鋼板,其以質量%計,更可含有下述元素之1種或2種以上:Mo:0.005%以上且1.000%以下、W:0.005%以上且1.000%以下、V:0.005%以上且1.000%以下、B:0.0005%以上且0.0100%以下、Ni:0.05%以上且1.50%以下、Cu:0.05%以上且1.50%以下、Cr:0.05%以上且1.50%以下。
(3)本發明之第二態樣的鍍敷鋼板,亦可於前述(1)或(2)之鋼板表面設置鍍敷。
(4)本發明之第三態樣的鋼板之製造方法,亦可係熱軋延具有前述(1)或(2)之化學成分的鋼片時,加熱至1150℃以上,並於Ar3
℃以上之溫度結束最後軋延,將經於400℃以上且600℃以下的溫度域捲取之熱軋鋼板酸洗後,升溫至600℃以上且Ac1
℃以下之溫度範圍內,並將前述熱軋鋼板之溫度係前述溫度範圍內的滯留時間設為10秒以上且200秒以下退火後,冷卻至350℃以上且550℃以下,將前述熱軋鋼板之溫度為350℃以上且550℃以下之溫度範圍內的滯留時間設為10秒以上且500秒以下保持後冷卻。
此處,Ar3
℃及Ac1
℃係由以下1式及2式求出之Ar3
變態溫度及Ac1
變態溫度。
Ar3
=910-325×[C]+33×[Si]+287×[P]+40×[Al]-92([Mn]+[Mo]+[Cu])-46×([Cr]+[Ni])...(1式)
Ac1
=761.3+212[C]-45.8[Mn]+16.7[Si]...(2式)
惟,附有[]之元素係表示各個元素以質量%計的含量。
(5)如前述(4)之鋼板之製造方法,其亦可於前述鋼板施行伸長率為0.4%以上且2.0%以下的表皮輥軋。
(6)本發明之第四態樣的鍍敷鋼板之製造方法,亦可於前述(4)或(5)之退火後進行冷卻並保持之後,接著施行鍍敷後再進行冷卻。
(7)如前述(6)之鍍敷鋼板之製造方法,其亦可於施行前述鍍敷後,於450℃以上且600℃以下之溫度範圍下進行10秒以上的熱處理後再進行冷卻。
藉由本發明,可提供抗拉強度590MPa以上,降伏比高,疲勞特性及延性-擴孔性均衡優異,並具有優異之衝撞特性的高強度鋼板、鍍敷鋼板,產業上之貢獻係極為顯著。此外,本發明可減少汽車用底盤零件的板厚,具有對汽車車體之輕量化等的貢獻大的極為顯著之效果。
圖1係顯示碳氮化物平均圓等效直徑與抗拉強度和全伸長之積之關係的說明圖。
圖2係顯示碳氮化物平均圓等效直徑與擴孔率λ之關係的說明圖。
圖3係顯示碳氮化物平均圓等效直徑與降伏比之關係
的說明圖。
圖4係顯示碳氮化物平均圓等效直徑與疲勞強度比之關係的說明圖。
圖5係顯示退火後之保持溫度與肥粒鐵中之雪明碳鐵圓等效直徑之關係的說明圖。
圖6係顯示退火後之保持溫度與肥粒鐵中之雪明碳鐵個數密度之關係的說明圖。
圖7係顯示肥粒鐵中之雪明碳鐵圓等效直徑與擴孔率λ之關係的說明圖。
圖8係顯示肥粒鐵中之雪明碳鐵個數密度與擴孔率λ之關係的說明圖。
以下,詳細地說明本發明。
首先,說明本發明之鋼成分的限定理由。
C係有助於提升抗拉強度及降伏強度之元素,可對應所期之強度規格添加適量。又,亦可有效得到變韌鐵。C量小於0.020%時,因不易得到目標之抗拉強度及降伏強度,故將下限設為0.020%。另一方面,C量大於0.080%時,因導致延性、擴孔性或熔接性的劣化,故將0.080%設為上限。又,為確保抗拉強度與降伏強度穩定,亦可將C之下限設為0.030%或0.040%,亦可將C之上限設為0.070%或0.060%。
Si係脫氧元素,雖未規定Si量之下限,但設定為小於0.01%時因製造成本將變高,故以將下限設為0.01%為
佳。Si係肥粒鐵安定化元素。又,Si有產生施行熔融鍍鋅時之鍍敷濕潤性下降及因合金化反應之延遲造成生產性下降的問題。因此,將Si量之上限設為0.10%。又,為減少鍍敷濕潤性下降及生產性下降的問題,亦可將Si之下限設為0.020%、0.030%、或0.040%,亦可將Si之上限設為0.090%、0.080%、或0.070%。
Mn有作為有助於固溶強化之元素使強度增加的作用,亦可有效地得到變韌鐵。因此,需含有0.80%以上之Mn。另一方面,Mn量大於1.80%時,因導致擴孔性及熔接性劣化,故將1.80%作為上限。又,為穩定地得到變韌鐵,亦可將Mn之下限設為0.90%、1.00%、或1.10%,亦可將Mn之上限設為1.70%、1.60%、或1.50%。
P係不純物,因於粒界偏析,將導致鋼板之韌性下降或熔接性劣化。此外,熔融鍍鋅時合金化反應將變得極慢,生產性下降。由該等觀點來看,將P量之上限設為0.0100%。並未特別限定下限,但因P係可便宜地提高強度之元素,故將P量之下限設為0.0050%以上。為更加提升韌性與熔接性,亦可限制P之上限為0.0090%或0.0080%。
S係不純物,其含量大於0.0150%時,將引發熱破裂、使加工性劣化,故將S量之上限設為0.0150%。並未特別限定下限,但S由脫硫成本之觀點來看,以將S量設為0.0010%以上為佳。為更減少熱破裂,亦可限制S之上限為0.0100%或0.0050%。
Al係本發明中極為重要之元素。Al與Si相同,係
肥粒鐵安定化元素,但不會使鍍敷濕潤性下降,並促進肥粒鐵生成,係用以確保延性之重要元素。為得該效果,需含有大於0.10%之Al量。又,即使過度地添加Al,前述效果係飽和,亦將導致過剩之合金成本增加,使熔接性裂化,故將其上限設為小於0.40%。又,為確保延性穩定,亦可將Al之下限設為0.15%、0.20%、或0.25%,亦可將Al之上限設為0.35%或0.30%。
N係不純物,N量大於0.0100%時,韌性或延性之劣化、鋼片破裂的產生將變得顯著。另,N與C相同,可有效地提升抗拉強度及降伏強度,故亦可積極地添加,將上限設為0.0100%。
此外,Nb及Ti係本發明中極為重要之元素。該等元素將形成碳氮化物,提高降伏強度,於作成衝撞特性優異之鋼板時係為必要。該等元素的各個析出強化係相異,但藉由含有Nb、Ti兩者之合計為0.030%以上,如圖1所示,可得抗拉強度TS與全伸長El之積優異,且590MPa以上的抗拉強度,更可得如圖2所示之優異擴孔性(擴孔率λ)。此外,可得成為如圖3及4所示之衝撞特性指標的降伏比為0.80以上、成為疲勞特性指標之疲勞強度比為0.45以上。疲勞強度比以高為佳,但實際上欲高於0.60係為困難,故將0.60作為實際上之上限。另,藉由複合添加Nb及Ti可較單獨添加時得到更細微的碳氮化物,增加析出強度,故複合添加該等元素係為重要。又,將Nb、Ti兩者合計之上限設為0.100%係因即使添加其以上,仍已達析出強化的極限,不
僅無法實質地得到強度上升,圖1及2所示之延性及擴孔性亦下降之故。又,為確保穩定抗拉強度與全伸長的積、擴孔性、降伏比、及疲勞強度比,亦可將Nb、Ti兩者合計的下限設為0.032%、0.035%、或0.040%,亦可將Nb、Ti兩者合計之上限設為0.080%、0.060%、或0.050%。
將Nb、Ti各別之下限設為0.005%係因為小於其時,碳氮化物之形成減少,不易得到提高降伏強度的效果,且未能得到較細微之碳氮化物。又,擴孔性亦下降。各別之上限係依據Nb、Ti兩者合計之上限而定。
Mo、W、及V均係形成碳氮化物之元素,亦可視需要添加1種或2種以上。為得提升強度之效果,以分別添加Mo:0.005%以上、W:0.005%以上、V:0.005%以上作為下限為佳。另一方面,因過剩之添加將導致合金成本增加,故以將分別之上限設為Mo:1.000%以下、W:1.000%以下、V:1.000%以下為佳。
B、Ni、Cu及Cr均係可提高可硬化性之元素,亦可視需要添加1種或2種以上。為得提升強度的效果,以分別添加B:0.0005%以上、Ni:0.05%以上、Cu:0.05%以上、Cr:0.05%以上作為下限為佳。另一方面,因過剩之添加將導致合金成本增加,故以將分別之上限設為B:0.0100%以下、Ni:1.50%以下、Cu:1.50%以下、Cr:1.50%以下為佳。
含有以上化學成分之高強度鋼板,以鐵作為主成分的剩餘部分亦可於不阻礙本發明特性之範圍,含有於製造過程等不可避免地混入的不純物。
接著,說明製造方法之限定理由。
將具有前述成分組成之鋼片加熱至1150℃以上的溫度。鋼片亦可為經連續鑄造設備製造後的扁鋼胚,亦可為經電爐製造者。規定為1150℃以上之理由係因可使碳氮化物形成元素與碳充分地分解熔解於鋼材中之故。藉此,抗拉強度、抗拉強度與全伸長的積、降伏比、疲勞強度比係為良好。為使析出碳氮化物熔解,以設為1200℃以上為佳。但,加熱溫度大於1280℃時,由生產成本來看係不佳,故以將其作為上限為佳。
熱軋延之完成溫度於小於Ar3
變態溫度時,表層的碳氮化物之析出或粒徑之粗大化進行,為防止表層強度顯著地下降導致的疲勞特性劣化,故將其作為下限。並未特別設置完成溫度之上限,但實質上係將1050℃左右作為上限。
此處,Ar3
℃係由以下1式求出之Ar3
變態溫度。
Ar3
=910-325×[C]+33×[Si]+287×[P]+40×[Al]-92([Mn]+[Mo]+[Cu])-46×([Cr]+[Ni])...(1式)
但,附有[]之元素係表示各個元素以質量%計的含量。
最後軋延後之捲取溫度於本發明中係極為重要的製造條件。本發明中,藉將捲取溫度設為600℃以下,以抑制熱軋鋼板之階段中碳氮化物的析出係為重要,由之前的履歷來看,並未損及本發明特性。捲取溫度大於600℃時,熱軋鋼板之碳氮化物的析出進行,未能充分地得到退火後之析出強化,抗拉強度、降伏比、疲勞特性劣化,故
將其作為上限。此外,將捲取溫度設為600℃以下,因未能得變韌鐵,可有效地提升強度。又,捲取溫度小於400℃時,將未能充分地得到肥粒鐵,導致延性下降,抗拉強度與全伸長的積下降,擴孔性亦下降,故將其作為下限。
本發明之鋼板因係以熱軋鋼板作為母材者,之後,以通常方法酸洗,不需施行利用串聯軋延機等的冷軋延,即進行退火。但,為避免於鋼板連續退火設備中通過時之蛇行等,以改善形狀為目的,亦可於退火前施行調質軋延(軋縮率0.4~10%左右)之軋延。
為控制加熱溫度及加熱時間,以藉由連續退火設備進行退火為佳。退火之最高加熱溫度於本發明中係極為重要的製造條件。將最高加熱溫度之下限設為600℃、上限設為Ac1
變態溫度。最高加熱溫度小於600℃時,退火中之碳氮化物的析出不充分,將導致抗拉強度及降伏強度下降,甚至是疲勞強度下降。另一方面,最高加熱溫度大於Ac1
變態溫度時,因產生碳氮化物之粗大化及自肥粒鐵至沃斯田鐵之變態,未能得到充分之析出強化,故將其作為上限。
此處,Ac1
℃係由以下2式求出之Ac1
變態溫度。
Ac1
=761.3+212[C]-45.8[Mn]+16.7[Si]...(2式)
但,附有[]之元素係表示各個元素以質量%計的含量。
退火之最高加熱溫度的滯留時間於本發明中係極為重要的製造條件。將600℃以上Ac1
變態溫度以下之溫度範圍的鋼板滯留時間設為10~200秒。這是因為,鋼板之最高加熱溫度的滯留時間小於10秒時,碳氮化物之析出變
得不充分,未能得到充分之析出強化,將導致抗拉強度及降伏強度下降,甚至是疲勞強度下降。另一方面,鋼板之最高加熱溫度的滯留時間變長時,不僅導致生產性下降,亦造成碳氮化物粗大化,未能得到充分之析出強化,導致抗拉強度及降伏強度下降,甚至是疲勞強度下降,故將200秒作為上限。
前述退火後冷卻至350~550℃,並於鋼板溫度於前述溫度範圍內保持10~500秒之滯留時間。前述溫度範圍中之保持於本發明中係極為重要,前述退火後藉於350~550℃中保持,可儘量析出細微之肥粒鐵中的雪明碳鐵,提升擴孔性。保持溫度大於550℃時,因如圖5所示,肥粒鐵中之雪明碳鐵粗大化,如圖6所示,肥粒鐵中之雪明碳鐵個數密度亦增加,故如圖7及8所示,擴孔性劣化,故將上限設為550℃。又,保持溫度小於350℃時,因細微地析出肥粒鐵中之雪明碳鐵的效果弱,故將下限設為350℃。又,前述溫度範圍內之滯留時間大於500秒時,因肥粒鐵中之雪明碳鐵粗大化,個數密度亦增加,擴孔性劣化,故將上限設為500秒。又,前述溫度範圍內之滯留時間小於10秒時,因未能充分地得到細微地析出肥粒鐵中之雪明碳鐵的效果,故將下限設為10秒。前述保持後將鋼板冷卻至常溫。
又,藉由利用吹附水等冷媒、送風、霧等之強制冷卻,適當地控制退火後之冷卻速度即可。
退火後之冷卻後,施行熔融鍍鋅或合金化熔融鍍鋅時,並未特別限定鍍鋅之組成,亦可視需要添加Zn以外
之Fe、Al、Mn、Cr、Mg、Pb、Sn、Ni等。另,鍍敷亦可以與退火分開之步驟進行,但由生產性之觀點來看,以藉由連續進行退火與冷卻、鍍敷的連續退火-熔融鍍鋅生產線進行為佳。於未進行後述合金化處理時,係於鍍敷後將鋼板冷卻至常溫。
於進行合金化處理時,以前述鍍敷後於450~600℃之溫度範圍進行,之後將鋼板冷卻至常溫為佳。這是因為,小於450℃時,未能充分地進行合金化,又,大於600℃時,將過度地進行合金化,鍍敷層脆化,有引發因壓機等加工使鍍敷剝離等問題的情形。合金化處理之時間小於10秒時,因未能充分地進行合金化,故以設為10秒以上為佳。又,並未特別規定合金化處理時間之上限,但由生產效率之觀點來看,以設為100秒以內為佳。
又,由生產性之觀點來看,以於連續退火-熔融鍍鋅生產線連續地設置合金化處理爐,連續地進行退火、冷卻、鍍敷及合金化處理、冷卻為佳。
鍍敷層於實施例中舉例有熔融鍍鋅、合金化熔融鍍鋅,但亦包含電鍍鋅。
表皮輥軋於本發明中係極為重要。表皮輥軋不僅用以矯正形狀與確保表面性狀,藉使表層硬化有提升疲勞特性的效果,故以於伸長率0.4~2.0%之範圍進行為佳。將表皮輥軋之伸長率的下限設為0.4%之理由係因小於0.4%時,未能充分地改善表面粗度與得到僅為表層之加工硬化,未改善疲勞特性之故,故將其作為下限。另一方面,
於進行大於2.0%之表皮輥軋時,因鋼板過度加工硬化,壓機成形性劣化,故將其作為上限。
接著,說明金屬組織。
藉由本發明所得之鋼板的微觀組織主要係由肥粒鐵與變韌鐵所構成。肥粒鐵之面積率小於80%時,因變韌鐵增加,未能得到充分之延性,故將肥粒鐵之面積率的下限設為80%以上。肥粒鐵之面積率大於95%時,因抗拉強度下降,故將肥粒鐵之面積率的上限設為95%以下。但,肥粒鐵中之雪明碳鐵並未換算成面積。
變韌鐵雖有助於高強度化,但過剩地存在時將導致延性下降,故將下限設為5%、上限設為20%。
又,其他相,有波來鐵、残留沃斯田鐵及麻田散鐵,該等之分率(面積率或體積率)的合計為3%以上時,因降伏強度下降,不易使降伏比上升至0.80以上,故將波來鐵、残留沃斯田鐵及麻田散鐵之分率的合計設為小於3%。
微觀組織係將平行於軋延方向之板厚截面作為觀察面擷取試料,並研磨、硝太蝕劑蝕刻、視需要里培拉(LePera)蝕刻觀察面,以光學顯微鏡觀察即可。另,微觀組織觀察係對由鋼板之任意位置擷取之試樣,於板厚方向的1/4部分以1000倍拍攝300×300μm之範圍。藉由將利用光學顯微鏡所得之微觀組織照片二元化學轉化白與黑,進行影像解析,可求出波來鐵、變韌鐵或麻田散鐵內任1種或2種以上之面積率的合計量,作為肥粒鐵以外之相的面積率。於光學顯微鏡中,區別殘留沃斯田鐵與麻田散鐵係為困
難,但可藉由X射線繞射法進行殘留沃斯田鐵之體積率的測定另,自微觀組織求出之面積率係與體積率相同。
肥粒鐵中之雪明碳鐵的形態於本發明中係極為重要。肥粒鐵中之雪明碳鐵的圓等效直徑大於0.300μm時,因成為擴孔試驗時破裂的起點之可能性高,擴孔性劣化,故將上限設為0.300μm。因測定精度之便利性,將下限設為0.003μm。又,前述圓等效直徑之肥粒鐵中雪明碳鐵的個數密度大於0.10個/μm2
時,因肥粒鐵中之雪明碳鐵可成為擴孔試驗時破裂的起點,故擴孔性劣化,將上限設為0.10個/μm2
。因不易將肥粒鐵中雪明碳鐵之個數密度設為0.02個/μm2
,故將下限設為0.02個/μm2
。另,關於自鋼板之任意位置擷取的試樣,係自板厚方向之1/4部分作成萃取印模試料,再使用穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)以10000倍觀察10×10μm之範圍內肥粒鐵中的雪明碳鐵,由100視野之觀察結果決定肥粒鐵中雪明碳鐵之圓等效直徑及個數密度。計算方法係隨機選擇100視野。
於以下顯示各機械特性之試驗方法。由製造後之鋼板將寬度方向(稱作TD方向。)作為長度方向,擷取JIS Z 2201之5號抗拉試驗片,並依據JIS Z 2241評價TD方向的抗拉特性。又,疲勞強度係依據JIS Z 2275,以申克型平面彎曲疲勞試驗機評價。此時之應力負載於交變試驗之振動數係30Hz。另,依據前述說明,疲勞強度比係藉平面彎曲疲勞試驗107
循環之疲勞強度除以利用前述抗拉試驗所測定之抗拉強度的值。又,擴孔性係依據日本鋼鐵聯盟規格
JFST1001評價。將所得之各鋼板截成100mm×100mm後,以板厚之12%作為間隙,衝孔直徑10mm之孔後,使用內徑75mm之模具,於以夾模力88.2kN壓住之狀態下,於孔中壓入60°圓錐的下衝頭,測定裂縫形成極限之孔直徑,由下述(3式)求得極限擴孔率[%],並由該極限擴孔率評價擴孔性。
極限擴孔率λ[%]={(Df
-D0
)/D0
}×100...(3式)
此處,Df
係形成裂縫時之孔徑[mm]、D0
係初期孔徑[mm]。又,鍍敷密著性之評價係依據JIS H 0401,以目視評價經藉彎曲試驗彎曲之部分的鍍敷皮膜之表面狀態。
將熔製並鑄造具有表1所示之組成的鋼後所得之鋼片,以表2所示之條件進行鋼板的製造。另,表1之[-]係成分之分析值小於檢測極限之意。又,表1中,亦顯示Ar3
[℃]與Ac1
[℃]的計算值。
由製造後之鋼板將寬度方向(稱作TD方向。)作為長度方向,擷取JIS Z 2201之5號抗拉試驗片,並依據JIS Z 2241評價TD方向的抗拉特性。又,疲勞強度係依據JIS Z 2275,以申克型平面彎曲疲勞試驗機評價。此時之應力負載於交變試驗之振動數係30Hz。另,依據前述說明,疲勞強度比係藉平面彎曲疲勞試驗107
循環之疲勞強度除以利用前述抗拉試驗所測定之抗拉強度的值。又,擴孔性係依據日本鋼鐵聯盟規格JFST1001評價。將所得之各鋼板截成100mm×100mm後,以板厚之12%作為間隙,衝孔直徑10mm之孔後,使用內徑75mm之模具,於以夾模力88.2kN壓住之
狀態下,於孔中壓入60°圓錐的下衝頭,測定裂縫形成極限之孔直徑,由下述(3式)求得極限擴孔率[%],並由該極限擴孔率評價擴孔性。
極限擴孔率λ[%]={(Df
-D0
)/D0
}×100...(3式)
此處,Df
係形成裂縫時之孔徑[mm]、D0
係初期孔徑[mm]。又,鍍敷密著性之評價係依據JIS H 0401,以目視評價經藉彎曲試驗彎曲之部分的鍍敷皮膜之表面狀態。
鋼板之板厚截面的微觀組織觀察係以前述方法觀察,變韌鐵之面積率係作為肥粒鐵及其他相以外之相的合計求出。
於表3顯示結果。另,於本發明中,評價作為疲勞特性指標之疲勞強度比為0.45以上者為良好。又,評價作為延性指標之抗拉強度TS[MPa]與全伸長El[%]之積,即TS×El[MPa.%]為17000[MPa.%]以上者為良好。又,評價作為擴孔性指標之擴孔率λ[%]為80%以上者為良好。又,評價作為衝撞特性指標之降伏比為0.80以上者為良好。
其結果如表3所示,藉以適當之條件熱軋及退火具有本發明化學成分的鋼,可得疲勞強度及衝撞特性優異、延性-擴孔性均衡優異之高強度鋼板、熔融鍍鋅鋼板及合金化熔融鍍鋅鋼板。
另一方面,鋼No.M因C量多,延性及擴孔性下降。
又,鋼No.N因C量少,變韌鐵之面積率變少,抗拉強度下降,降伏比、抗拉強度與全伸長的積下降。
又,鋼No.O因Si量多,變韌鐵之面積率變少,抗拉強
度下降,抗拉強度與全伸長的積下降。
又,鋼No.P因Mn量少,變韌鐵之面積率變少,抗拉強度下降,抗拉強度與全伸長的積下降。
又,鋼No.Q因Mn量多,變韌鐵之面積率變多,抗拉強度上升且延性下降,抗拉強度與全伸長的積下降,擴孔性亦下降。
又,鋼No.R因Al量少,變韌鐵之面積率變多,延性下降,抗拉強度與全伸長的積下降,擴孔性亦下降。
又,鋼No.S因Al量多,變韌鐵之面積率變少,抗拉強度下降,抗拉強度與全伸長的積下降。
又,鋼No.T因Ti+Nb量少,抗拉強度下降,降伏比、抗拉強度與全伸長的積下降,疲勞強度比及擴孔性亦下降。
又,鋼No.U因Ti量少,降伏比及擴孔性下降。
又,鋼No.V因Ti量多,延性下降,抗拉強度與全伸長的積下降,擴孔性亦下降。
又,鋼No.W因Nb量少,降伏比及擴孔性下降。
又,鋼No.X因Nb量多,延性下降,抗拉強度與全伸長的積下降,擴孔性亦下降。
又,鋼No.Y因未添加Nb量,抗拉強度、降伏比及疲勞強度比下降。
又,鋼No.Z因Ti+Nb量多,延性下降,抗拉強度與全伸長的積下降,擴孔性亦下降。
又,鋼No.AA因Ti+Nb量多,延性下降,抗拉強度與全伸長的積下降,擴孔性亦下降。
又,製造No.3因熱軋延時之加熱溫度低,利用碳氮化物之析出強化少,抗拉強度下降,抗拉強度與全伸長的積下降,降伏比及疲勞強度比亦下降。
又,製造No.6因退火步驟中最高加熱溫度後冷卻後之保持溫度低,肥粒鐵中的雪明碳鐵粗大化,擴孔性下降。
又,製造No.9因退火步驟中最高加熱溫度後冷卻後之滯留時間短,肥粒鐵中的雪明碳鐵粗大化,擴孔性下降。
又,製造No.12因熱軋延時之完成溫度低,鋼板表層部軟化造成疲勞強度下降。
又,製造No.15因捲取溫度高,利用碳氮化物之析出強化少,抗拉強度、降伏比及疲勞強度比下降。
又,製造No.18中,捲取溫度低,變韌鐵之面積率增加,延性下降,抗拉強度與全伸長的積下降,擴孔性亦下降。
又,製造No.21因退火時之最高加熱溫度高,利用碳氮化物之析出強化少,抗拉強度、降伏比及疲勞強度比下降。
又,製造No.24因退火時之最高加熱溫度低,利用碳氮化物之析出強化少,抗拉強度、降伏比及疲勞強度比下降。
又,製造No.27因退火時之最高加熱溫度的滯留時間短,利用碳氮化物之析出強化少,抗拉強度、降伏比及疲勞強度比下降。
又,製造No.30因退火時之最高加熱溫度的滯留時間長,利用碳氮化物之析出強化少,抗拉強度、降伏比及疲勞強度比下降。
又,製造No.31因最高加熱溫度中保持、冷卻後之保持
溫度高,肥粒鐵中的雪明碳鐵粗大化,個數密度亦增加,擴孔性下降。
又,製造No.34因捲取溫度高,肥粒鐵變得過大,抗拉強度下降。
又,製造No.35因最高加熱溫度中保持、冷卻後之等溫滯留時間長,雪明碳鐵粗大化,個數密度亦增加,擴孔性下降。
又,製造No.38因捲取溫度低,產生大量之析出物,擴孔率低。
依據本發明,可提供抗拉強度590MPa以上,降伏比高,疲勞特性及延性-擴孔性均衡優異,並具有優異之衝撞特性的高強度鋼板、鍍敷鋼板,產業上之貢獻係極為顯著。此外,本發明可減少汽車用底盤零件的板厚,具有對汽車車體之輕量化等的貢獻大的極為顯著之效果。
Claims (8)
- 一種鋼板,其特徵在於,以質量%計,係含有:C:0.020%以上且0.080%以下、Si:0.01%以上且0.10%以下、Mn:0.80%以上且1.80%以下、及Al:0.20%以上且小於0.40%,並限制P:0.0100%以下、S:0.0150%以下、及N:0.0100%以下,更含有合計為0.030%以上且0.100%以下的Nb:0.005%以上且0.095%以下、Ti:0.005%以上且0.095%以下兩者,並且剩餘部分係由鐵及不可避免的不純物所構成;金屬組織係由肥粒鐵、變韌鐵及其他相所構成,前述其他相包含波來鐵、残留沃斯田鐵及麻田散鐵,前述肥粒鐵之面積率係80%~95%,前述變韌鐵之面積率係5%~20%,前述其他相之面積率的合計小於3%,前述肥粒鐵中之雪明碳鐵的圓等效直徑係0.003μm以上且0.300μm以下,前述肥粒鐵中之前述雪明碳鐵的個數密度係0.02個/μm2 以上且0.10個/μm2 以下, 抗拉強度係590MPa以上,且作為相對於前述抗拉強度之疲勞強度的疲勞強度比係0.45以上。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之鋼板,其以質量%計,更含有下述元素之1種或2種以上:Mo:0.005%以上且1.000%以下、W:0.005%以上且1.000%以下、V:0.005%以上且1.000%以下、B:0.0005%以上且0.0100%以下、Ni:0.05%以上且1.50%以下、Cu:0.05%以上且1.50%以下、及Cr:0.05%以上且1.50%以下。
- 一種鍍敷鋼板,其特徵在於,其於如申請專利範圍第1或2項之鋼板表面設置有鍍敷。
- 一種鋼板之製造方法,其特徵在於,於熱軋延具有如申請專利範圍第1或2項之化學成分的鋼片時,加熱至1150℃以上,並於Ar3 ℃以上之溫度結束最後軋延,將經於400℃以上且600℃以下的溫度域捲取之熱軋鋼板酸洗後,升溫至600℃以上且Ac1 ℃以下之溫度範圍內,並將前述熱軋鋼板之溫度為前述溫度範圍內的滯留時間設為10秒以上且200秒以下退火後,冷卻至350℃以上且550℃以下,將前述熱軋鋼板之溫度為350℃以上且550℃以下之溫度範圍內的滯留時間設為10秒以上且500秒以下保持後冷卻; 此處,Ar3 ℃及Ac1 ℃係由以下1式及2式求出之Ar3 變態溫度及Ac1 變態溫度:Ar3 =910-325×[C]+33×[Si]+287×[P]+40×[Al]-92([Mn]+[Mo]+[Cu])-46×([Cr]+[Ni])‧‧‧(1式),Ac1 =761.3+212[C]-45.8[Mn]+16.7[Si]‧‧‧(2式),惟,附有[]之元素係表示各個元素以質量%計的含量。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之鋼板之製造方法,其係於前述鋼板施行伸長率為0.4%以上且2.0%以下的表皮輥軋。
- 一種鍍敷鋼板之製造方法,其特徵在於,其於如申請專利範圍第4項之退火後進行冷卻並保持之後,接著施行鍍敷後再進行冷卻。
- 一種鍍敷鋼板之製造方法,其特徵在於,其於如申請專利範圍第5項之退火後進行冷卻並保持之後,接著施行鍍敷後再進行冷卻。
- 如申請專利範圍第6或7項之鍍敷鋼板之製造方法,其於施行前述鍍敷後,於450℃以上且600℃以下之溫度範圍下進行10秒以上的熱處理後再進行冷卻。
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ES2607888T3 (es) | 2017-04-04 |
IN2014DN06757A (zh) | 2015-05-22 |
WO2013121963A1 (ja) | 2013-08-22 |
KR101621639B1 (ko) | 2016-05-16 |
EP2816132A1 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
JPWO2013121963A1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 |
BR112014020244B1 (pt) | 2019-04-30 |
BR112014020244A8 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
JP5447741B1 (ja) | 2014-03-19 |
CN104114731B (zh) | 2016-03-02 |
MX355894B (es) | 2018-05-04 |
PL2816132T3 (pl) | 2017-06-30 |
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