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TW201700506A - 磷酸官能化塗料組合物 - Google Patents

磷酸官能化塗料組合物 Download PDF

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TW201700506A
TW201700506A TW105116521A TW105116521A TW201700506A TW 201700506 A TW201700506 A TW 201700506A TW 105116521 A TW105116521 A TW 105116521A TW 105116521 A TW105116521 A TW 105116521A TW 201700506 A TW201700506 A TW 201700506A
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喬伊A 加拉格爾
菲利普R 哈許
普 羅
艾德溫 農格塞爾
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Abstract

本發明係關於一種包括次微米級聚合物粒子及微米級聚合物珠粒之水性分散液之組合物,其中所述聚合物粒子或珠粒或此兩者經磷酸基團官能化。本發明組合物適用於在基板,如皮革、紡織品、牆板、裝飾塗層、混凝土及木材上提供具有改進的抗污染性之無光澤表面。本發明亦關於一種皮革基板,其塗佈有包括丙烯酸或苯乙烯-丙烯酸聚合物膜及微米級聚合物珠粒之透明無光澤表面,其中所述膜或所述珠粒或此兩者經磷酸單體官能化。

Description

磷酸官能化塗料組合物
本發明係關於一種包括聚合物粒子(乳膠)及微米級聚合珠粒之穩定水性分散液之磷酸官能化塗料組合物。
塗佈有淺色調顏料之皮革裝潢的汽車座椅及傢俱傾向於易於顯示由物品使用者產生之污染。污染在所有者之服裝與經裝潢的物品之間的接觸點處從服裝轉移至物品。所有者的服裝與皮革物品之間的接觸點為以薄膜形式塗覆至皮革之透明頂塗層,厚度通常在5μm至30μm之間,且為保護經裝潢的物品免受污染之第一道防線。最合意地是頂塗層抵擋污染轉移以避免磨洗的需要,磨洗傾向於使頂塗層劣化。因此,用於包含皮革、紡織品及木材之多種基板之塗層領域中將需要發現使得清潔此等基板更容易的頂塗層組合物。
本發明藉由在一個態樣中提供包括以下各者之水性分散液之組合物滿足此項技術中之需要:1)平均粒度為50至300nm之聚合物粒子;及b)平均粒度為2至30μm之聚合物珠粒;其中聚合物粒子或聚合物珠粒或此兩者包括0.1 至5重量%磷酸單體之結構單元。
在第二態樣中,本發明為包括皮革基板之物品,所述基板塗佈有包括丙烯酸或苯乙烯-丙烯酸聚合物膜及平均粒度為2至30μm之聚合物珠粒之透明無光澤表面;其中丙烯酸或苯乙烯-丙烯酸聚合物膜或聚合物珠粒或此兩者包括0.1至5重量%磷酸單體之結構單元。本發明組合物適用於在基板,如皮革、紡織品、牆板、裝飾塗層、混凝土及木材上提供具有改進的抗污染性之無光澤表面。
本發明藉由在一個態樣中提供包括以下各者之水性分散液之組合物滿足此項技術中之需要:1)平均粒度為50至300nm之聚合物粒子;及b)平均粒度為2至30μm之聚合物珠粒;其中聚合物粒子或聚合物珠粒或此兩者包括0.1至5重量%磷酸單體之結構單元。
術語「結構單元」在本文中用於描述聚合之後的所述單體之殘餘。舉例而言,甲基丙烯酸甲酯之結構單元如下所示:
其中虛線表示結構單元連接至聚合物主鏈之點。
類似地,甲基丙烯酸磷酸乙酯之結構單元如下所 示:
其中R為H或
本發明組合物有利地藉由組合分開合成之聚合物珠粒及聚合物粒子之水性分散液製備。珠粒之水性分散液可藉由多種方法製備,如美國專利公開案2013/0052454;US 4,403,003;7,768,602;及7,829,626中揭示之彼等方法。珠粒之水性分散液較佳藉由使用逐步添加方法之多步熱聚合製備。
在較佳方法之第一步中,界面活性劑、懸浮穩定劑及水與以下各者組合:a)油溶性引發劑;b)包括一或多種在室溫下形成成膜均聚物之第一單烯系不飽和丙烯酸酯單體之第一單體(亦即,低Tg單體);及c)視情況存在之多烯系不飽和單體。界面活性劑較佳為陰離子界面活性劑,如C10-C14烷基苯磺酸酯之鈉鹽。適合的懸浮穩定劑之實例包含羥乙基纖維素(HEC)、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮(PVP)及明膠;適合的油溶性引發劑之實例包含過氧化月桂醯(LPO)及過氧化苯甲醯(BPO);適合的一或多種第一單烯系不飽和丙烯酸酯低Tg單體之實例包含丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯及丙烯酸2-乙 基己酯及其組合。較佳地,多烯系不飽和單體,如甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、三羥甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯或二乙烯基苯亦在此第一步中共聚合。
更佳地,界面活性劑,濃度較佳為按總單體重量計之0.2重量%、更佳0.5重量%至較佳5重量%、更佳3重量%之HEC及水在第一步中與以下各者組合:a)過氧化月桂醯或過氧化苯甲醯;b)丙烯酸丁酯或丙烯酸2-乙基己酯或其組合;及c)甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯,其中丙烯酸丁酯或丙烯酸2-乙基己酯或其組合與甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯之重量:重量比在99:1,更佳98:2至較佳92:8,更佳94:6範圍內。
一或多種第一單體經乳化及拋光,接著藉由如下的逐步添加熱聚合:將水、界面活性劑、流變改質劑及拋光乳液之混合物饋入反應器且持續使一或多種第一單體聚合之足夠時間加熱且維持於75℃至90℃;此後,以無溶劑或乳液形式添加一或多種包括一或多種第二單烯系不飽和丙烯酸酯之第二單體或苯乙烯系單體。一或多種第二單烯系不飽和單體較佳包括當聚合時,不在室溫下形成膜之單體(亦即,高Tg單體)。適合的較佳第二單烯系不飽和單體之實例包含苯乙烯及甲基丙烯酸甲酯。較佳地,第二單體包括a)苯乙烯或甲基丙烯酸甲酯或其組合;及b)磷酸單體,較佳甲基丙烯酸磷酸乙酯。最佳地,第二單體包括重量:重量比為99.5:0.5,且更佳99:1至92:8,更佳94:6,且最佳96:4之甲基丙烯酸甲酯及甲基丙烯酸磷酸乙酯。
一或多種第一單體與一或多種第二單體之比率較佳在1:1,且更佳2:1,至10:1,更佳8:1,且最佳6:1範圍 內。聚合物珠粒較佳具有藉由如藉由福克斯方程式(Fox equation)計算的大於40℃之Tg來表徵之硬域,及藉由如藉由福克斯方程式計算的小於25℃之Tg來表徵之軟域。較佳地,軟域與硬域之重量:重量比為1:1,且更佳2:1至10:1,且更佳8:1。更佳地,硬域經磷酸基團官能化。
所得聚合物珠粒之平均粒度為2μm,且更佳5μm至30μm,更佳20μm,且最佳15μm,其如藉由裝備有2000uP模組之Malvern Mastersizer 2000分析儀量測。
用於本發明組合物中之聚合物粒子之穩定水性分散液(乳膠)較佳為丙烯酸或苯乙烯-丙烯酸乳膠,其可便利地藉由乳液聚合製備。乳膠可以單階段或多階段製備且較佳以2階段方法製備。在較佳2階段方法之實例中,磷酸單體,較佳甲基丙烯酸磷酸乙酯與低Tg單體,較佳丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯或丙烯酸2-乙基己酯及視情況存在之羧酸單體,如丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸在足以形成第一階段聚合物粒子之水性分散液之條件下在第一階段中乳液聚合。
較佳地,此第一階段中之磷酸單體之濃度較佳為按第一階段單體之重量計的0.1重量%,且更佳0.2重量%至較佳5重量%,且更佳3重量%。羧酸單體較佳以按第一階段單體之重量計的0.1重量%,且更佳0.2重量%至較佳8重量%,更佳5重量%之濃度使用。低Tg單體(較佳丙烯酸丁酯或丙烯酸2-乙基己酯)較佳以按第一階段單體之重量計的30重量%,且更佳40重量%至較佳99.9重量%,更佳99重量%,且最佳97重量%之濃度存在。
在較佳第二階段之實例中,高Tg單體,較佳甲 基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯或甲基丙烯酸丁酯,更佳甲基丙烯酸甲酯或苯乙烯與第一階段聚合物粒子之穩定水性分散液在乳液聚合下組合以形成聚合物粒子之2階段水性分散液。聚合物粒子之分散液較佳在小於或等於25℃,更佳小於或等於20℃且較佳大於或等於-60℃,且更佳大於或等於-30℃下成膜。
在用於製備聚合物粒子之水性分散液之較佳2階段方法之另一實例中,高Tg單體與低Tg單體及視情況存在之低含量(約0.1至1重量%)羧酸單體及多烯系不飽和單體在第一階段中乳液聚合以形成第一階段單體之水性分散液。按第一階段中之單體之重量計,低Tg單體之濃度較佳為40至50重量%,且高Tg單體之濃度為50至60重量%。
在第二階段中,濃度與第一階段中所使用類似的高及低Tg單體較佳在存在磷酸單體,較佳甲基丙烯酸磷酸乙酯之情況下經乳液聚合以形成聚合物粒子之2階段水性分散液。此實施例中之磷酸單體之濃度較佳在按第二階段中之單體之重量計的0.1重量%,更佳0.3重量%至5重量%,更佳3重量%範圍內。
如使用Brookhaven BI90粒子分析儀量測,聚合物粒子之平均粒度為50nm,且更佳80nm至300nm,且更佳250nm。
重要的是聚合物珠粒或聚合物粒子藉由磷酸基團官能化,且較佳的是聚合物珠粒及聚合物粒子兩者均藉由磷酸基團官能化。聚合物粒子較佳藉由按聚合物粒子的重量計,0.1重量%,且更佳0.2重量%,更佳0.3重量%至較佳5重量%,更佳4重量%,且最佳3重量%之磷酸單體之結構單 元官能化。類似地,珠粒較佳藉由按聚合物珠粒之重量計,較佳0.1重量%,更佳0.2重量%,更佳0.3重量%,且最佳1重量%至較佳5重量%,且更佳3重量%之磷酸單體之結構單元官能化。
聚合物珠粒與聚合物粒子之重量:重量比較佳為10:90,更佳30:70,且最佳40:60至較佳80:20,更佳70:30,且最佳60:40。
聚合物珠粒及聚合物粒子之水性分散液經組合以形成本發明之組合物。組合物可進一步包含一或多種輔助材料,包含流變改質劑、助流劑、聚結劑、手感改進劑、消泡劑、交聯劑及界面活性劑。儘管亦可包含顏料,較佳的是組合物含有大體上不存在的顏料,亦即,按組合物之重量計小於4重量%,較佳小於1重量%,更佳小於0.1重量%,且最佳0重量%之顏料。
本發明組合物適用作用於多種基板,包含皮革、紡織品、金屬、混凝土及木材之無光澤塗層,較佳透明無光澤塗層。已出人意料地發現相比於由包括不經磷酸基團官能化之聚合物粒子及聚合物珠粒之組合物製備之塗層,由本發明組合物製備之經塗佈基板,確切地說經塗佈皮革基板展現改進的抗污染性。
在另一態樣中,本發明為包括皮革基板之物品,所述基板塗佈有包括以下之透明無光澤表面:a)丙烯酸或苯乙烯-丙烯酸聚合物膜;及b)平均粒度為2至30μm之聚合物珠粒;其中丙烯酸或苯乙烯-丙烯酸聚合物膜或聚合物珠粒或此兩者包括0.1重量%,較佳0.2重量%至5重量%,較佳3 重量%磷酸單體之結構單元。更佳地,聚合物珠粒及聚合物膜均經磷酸單體之結構單元官能化。較佳地,聚合物珠粒之粒度為5μm至較佳20μm,且更佳15μm,其如藉由裝備有2000uP模組之Malvern Mastersizer 2000分析儀量測。
(CELLOSIZE、KATHON、ROSILK、ACRYSOL及TRITON全部為陶氏化學公司或其附屬公司之商標);
量測聚合物珠粒中之粒度分佈之方法
使用裝備有2000uP模組之光繞射Malvern Mastersizer 2000分析儀測定珠粒之粒度分佈。將大致0.5g珠粒分散樣品在脫氣之去離子水(稀釋劑)中預稀釋為5mL 0.2重量%活性Triton 405。預稀釋的樣品在稀釋劑填充之2000uP模組以1100rpm泵送時逐滴添加至所述模組中。紅光遮蔽之目標在4%與8%之間。使用Mie散射模型(1.48之粒子實際折射率及0之吸收率:1.330之稀釋劑實際折射率與0之吸收率)分析樣品。具有「正常靈敏度」之通用(球形)分析模型用於分析繞射圖案且將其轉化為粒度分佈。
中間實例1-製備含有4% PEM之大粒子尺寸珠粒
製備單體乳液:A-16-22(4.24g)、HEC(13.2g) 及去離子水(800g)之混合物在攪拌下與ALMA(21.3g)、2-EHA(511.25g)及過氧化月桂醯(3.04g)之混合物在5L容器中組合且使用具有PCU-11控制器之Polytron PT10-35轉子-定子均質機乳化。所得乳液在控制器功率處於設定2之情況下拋光1min,在逐步添加條件下熱聚合。
使用逐步添加方法之熱聚合:將去離子水(350g)及EC-3085A(0.11g)之混合物添加至反應器中且將內含物加熱至80℃。將階段1拋光乳液經1h饋入反應器。當饋入完成時,反應器在80℃下保持約30min,在所述時間後,由MMA(127.4g)及PEM(5.3g,60%活性)組成之階段2乳液接著經45min饋入反應器中。反應溫度保持於80℃下15min,之後冷卻至65℃,接著將硫酸亞鐵(7g,0.15%水溶液)及VERSENE EDTA(1.0g,1.0%水溶液)之溶液添加至反應器。溶解於水(20mL)中之t-BHP(4g)及溶解於水(20mL)中之IAA(2g)分別經30min饋入反應器中,在所述時間後,使反應器冷卻至室溫。所得乳液接著經由100網目篩網過濾。粒度量測於8.8μm;固體%為33.4%,凝膠數為170ppm。
中間實例2-製備含有2% PEM之大粒子尺寸珠粒
此中間實例大體上如關於中間實例1所描述製備,除了MMA與PEM之比率為98:2且階段1與階段2之w/w比率為80.4/19.6。粒度量測於16.4μm;固體%為34.6%,凝膠數為182ppm。咸信觀測的粒度差異係由於均質化功率輸入及時間的差異。
中間實例3及4-在無任何磷酸官能化之情況下製備大粒子尺寸珠粒
此等中間物使用與關於製備中間實例1所描述大體上相同的程序製備,除了如表1中反映之單體概況之差異。在各實例中,珠粒不經磷酸基團官能化。在表1中,Stg 1及Stg 2分別係指第一及第二階段珠粒之組合物。在各情況下,階段1與階段2珠粒之比率為約80:20。
中間實例5-製備含PEM之乳膠
藉由混合水(200.9g)、B5N(23.3g)、A-16-22(23.3g)、BA(598.45g)、AA(21.75g)及PEM(3.9g)製備單體乳液1(ME1);藉由混合水(10g)及MMA(155.03g)製備單體乳液2(ME2)。
將水(757.5g)添加至裝備有機械槳攪拌器、熱電偶、N2入口及回流冷凝器之四頸5L圓底燒瓶中。用N2吹掃水且加熱至35℃,之後在攪拌下添加ME1(213.54g)。在1min之後,將七水合硫酸鐵水溶液(0.01g,於2.5g水中)、APS水溶液(0.16g,於15g水中)及連二亞硫酸鈉水溶液(0.31g,於15g水中)依序添加至燒瓶中且使混合物放熱至55℃且維持於55℃下5min。混合物冷卻至48℃,之後將EC-3085A(2.55g)、其餘部分的ME1、APS水溶液(0.46g,於15g水中)及連二亞硫酸鈉水溶液(0.78g,於15g水中)依序添加至燒瓶中。使燒瓶之內含物放熱至74℃且維持於74 ℃下10min,此時將t-BHP水溶液(0.35g,於5g水中)及SSF水溶液(0.28g,於15g水中)依序添加得至燒瓶中。在保持5min之後,混合物冷卻至64℃,此時將ME2、t-BHP水溶液(0.71g,於7.5g水中)及FF6M水溶液(0.54g,於15g水中)依序添加至燒瓶中。使燒瓶之內含物放熱至74℃且控制於74℃下15min,在所述時間後,在伴隨冷卻至30℃之情況下分別以0.62g/min、0.7g/min之速率依序添加t-BHP水溶液(1.17g,於17.5g水中)及FF6M水溶液(1.02g,於20g水中)。將B5N(55.42g)及三乙胺水溶液(14.35g,於125g水中)以4.27g/min之速率添加至冷卻燒瓶中,接著以0.45g/min之速率添加過氧化氫水溶液(0.63g,於5g水中),接著添加1.5LX水溶液(2g,於2.5g水中)。在完成饋入之後,過濾燒瓶內含物以移除任何凝膠。發現過濾發熱分散液具有34.7%之固體含量、可忽略之凝膠及7.2之pH。
中間實例6、7及8大體上藉由與關於中間實例3所描述相同的程序製備,除了如表2中反映之單體概況之差異。
在表2中,Stg 1 Comp及Stg 2 Comp係指在第一及第二階段中用於製備乳膠之單體之組合物。Stg 1:Stg 2係指階段1與階段2單體之比率(w/w)。
調配物製備:使用0.25L塑膠容器及3斜葉槳金屬攪拌器,以所列順序添加表3中列出之材料且在添加所有材料之後混合至少5min。Int.Ex.係指中間實例,C1係指比較實例1,且C2係指比較實例2。表3中之所有數字表示以公克計之重量。
污染測試程序:
頂塗層用7密耳陶氏乳膠施用器澆鑄至白色乙烯基萊內塔圖表(Leneta chart)上且在CTR(72℉(約22℃),50% R.H.)中乾燥7天。在7天之後,跨越等於待測試之污染物數目之測試板標記多個½英吋(1.2cm)區段。將污染物置於測試區域中1h。測試之污染物包含茶、葡萄汁、咖啡及 紅酒。在1h之後,使用Kimwipes刮片移除過量污染物且將測試板置於磨耗測試儀(可洗性機器)上。家用海綿負載有10mL非磨蝕性擦拭介質(Leneta)及15mL水。將海綿置於1 lb(0.45Kg)磨耗船中且使用磨耗測試儀完成200個循環。在循環完成之後,沖洗測試板,使其乾燥,且接著基於去污%評級:(1=10%去污至10=100%去污)。
表4說明實例及比較實例之親水性抗污染性測試之結果
1-10之評級,其中10表示完全去污。
結果展示相比於在乳膠黏合劑或珠粒中均不含磷酸官能化之組合物(比較實例1及2),含有均經PEM官能化之乳膠黏合劑及珠粒之組合物之抗污染性的顯著改進(實例1-3)及甚至僅在乳膠黏合劑中含有PEM之組合物全面的可量測改進(實例4)。

Claims (9)

  1. 一種組合物,其包括以下各者之水性分散液:1)平均粒度為50至300nm之聚合物粒子;及b)平均粒度為2至30μm之聚合物珠粒;其中所述聚合物粒子或所述聚合物珠粒或此兩者包括0.1至5重量%磷酸單體之結構單元。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之組合物,其中聚合物珠粒與聚合物粒子之重量:重量比為10:90至80:20。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之組合物,其中所述聚合物珠粒包括硬相及軟相,其中所述軟相與所述硬相之重量:重量比為1:1至10:1,其中聚合物珠粒與聚合物粒子之重量:重量比為30:70至70:30。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之組合物,其中所述聚合物珠粒之所述軟相包括交聯劑之結構單元。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之組合物,其中所述聚合物粒子在小於或等於25℃且大於或等於-60℃下成膜。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項至第5項中任一項所述之組合物,其中所述聚合物珠粒及所述聚合物粒子各自經0.1至5重量%磷酸單體之結構單元官能化,其中所述磷酸單體為甲基丙烯酸磷酸乙酯,其中所述組合物進一步包括大體上不存在的顏料。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之組合物,其包括小於1重量%顏料,其中所述聚合物珠粒及聚合物粒子各自經0.2至3重量%甲基丙烯酸磷酸乙酯之結構單元官能化。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之組合物,其進一步包括懸浮穩定劑,所述穩定劑為羥乙基纖維素、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮或 明膠。
  9. 一種物品,其包括皮革基板,所述基板塗佈有包括丙烯酸或苯乙烯-丙烯酸聚合物膜及平均粒度為2至30μm的聚合物珠粒之透明無光澤表面;其中所述丙烯酸或苯乙烯-丙烯酸聚合物膜或所述聚合物珠粒或此兩者包括0.1至5重量%磷酸單體之結構單元。
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JP6761282B2 (ja) 2020-09-23
US11845998B2 (en) 2023-12-19
MX2016007155A (es) 2016-12-19
KR102554614B1 (ko) 2023-07-11
CN106398436B (zh) 2020-06-30
EP3106526B1 (en) 2018-01-17
US20220127686A1 (en) 2022-04-28
BR102016013073B1 (pt) 2021-08-17
CN106398436A (zh) 2017-02-15
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US20160369359A1 (en) 2016-12-22

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