SU1605960A1 - Method of cultivating row crops on erodible-hazardous soil in poor moistening condition - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to agriculture, and can be used in the erosion zone under conditions of insufficient moisture. The aim of the invention is to protect the soil from erosion, reduce environmental pollution and increase crop yields. This is achieved by cutting the furrows to a depth of 15–25 cm since the fall, and in the spring, after refilling, they are sown to a depth of 5–6 cm to the bottom of the furrow with local rolling. In the phase of 5-6 leaves, the rows between the ridges are processed to a depth of 4-7 cm. In the phase of 8-10 leaves, hilling is carried out to a depth of 10-18 cm with the formation of furrows between the rows x. This treatment reduces erosion processes, eliminates weeds without herbicides, and increases the yield of row crops by 17–50%. 1 tab.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to agriculture, and can be used in the erosion zone under conditions of insufficient moisture.

The purpose of the invention is to protect the soil from erosion, reduce environmental pollution and increase the yield of cultivated agricultural crops.

Example 1. In the zone of wind erosion in autumn, after plowing perpendicularly to the prevailing winds, and in the zone of water erosion, furrows with a spacing of 70 cm and a depth of 15-25 cm are cut horizontally. Reducing the depth of the furrows does not prevent flushing

soil, and the increase reduces the yield of cultivated agricultural crops, tour. The results are shown in the table.

To preserve the furrow surface during the year, sowing is carried out in furrows at an optimum time at a depth of 5-6 cm. A smaller embedding depth does not provide enough moisture for the quick germination of seeds, and a deeper embedding reduces their growth energy.

To combat weed vegetation during the growing season, when the plants reach a height of 10-15 cm (phase 5-6 of the leaves of maize), the first cultivation distance between the plants is carried out. With a plant height of less than 10 cm (phase

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less than 5 leaves of corn) crop plants are filled with inter-bedding, and more than 15 cm (phase of more than 6 leaves) weeds are strengthened and the efficiency of inter-grain mechanical treatments is reduced. The cultivator paws go deep into the ridges. 4-5 cm along the tracks of the tractor tracks and .5-7 cm into the ridges untouched by the tracks. At the same time, part of the ridges between the rows and the weeds on them are cut and moved into the furrows where weeds in rows are covered with earth and completely destroyed. Decreasing the depth of the tiller's paws does not ensure sufficient destruction of the ridge, destruction of weeds on it and putting them in furrows are regular, and the increase falls asleep to cultivated plants.

When the plants reach a height of 40-50 cm (phase 8-10 of the leaves of the corn, the plants are roughened by three-pawed hillocks. This treatment in the earlier phases leads to the plants falling asleep, and later on - to mechanical damage. Hillers set to a depth of 10–18 cm: A shallow depth of the hillocking foot does not provide sufficient weed control both between the rows and in rows, and the plants remaining in growth grow deeper.

After hilling up the plants, furrows 15–25 cm deep are formed in the aisles between, and in rows, i.e. in the place of the former furrows, ridges, which completely retain both stormwater and irrigation waters and prevent soil erosion, weeds without the use of herbicides are completely destroyed, the effectiveness of fertilizers increases. As a result, soil fertility and the yield of cultivated agricultural crops increase (see table).

Example 2. On a slope of 5-8, after plowing (August 18–20) and BDT-7 discing, horizontal grooves were cut across 70 cm deep 20-22 cm. In the spring (5-6 mA), the furrows were renewed with a KPH-5.6 cultivator , equipped with three-legged lapa-okuchnikami. Sowing was carried out 7-10 ma in the furrows to a depth of 3-5, 5-6 and 7-10 cm with the SUPN-8 seeding. Seeds, sown to a depth of 5-6 cm, went together on the 7-8th day, and to a depth of

3-5 cm - on the 9-10th day, and the shoots were unreasonable, thinned, crops to a depth of 7-10 cm rose on the 11-12th day and were weakened.

When the plants reached a height of 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm (phases of 3–7 maize leaves), they conducted inter-row cultivation to a depth of 3–4, 5–7, and 8–10 cm with a KPH-5.6 cultivator in an aggregate with a caterpillar tractor. Plants 5 cm high (phase 3 leaves) at all depths of cultivation were covered with earth, and those that reached a height of 10-15 cm (phase 5-6 leaves of corn) did not fall asleep at cultivation to a depth of 4-7 cm, but weeds completely destroyed (4 cm along the tracks of caterpillars and 7 cm along the ridge, untouched by the tractor tracks). 0 When the plants reached a height of 20 cm (phase 7-8 of the leaves of corn), the weeds became stronger and the cultivation efficiency at all depths was low. The second inter-row processing, 5 hilling, was carried out when the plants reached a height of 20-30, 40-50 and 60-70 cm with a KPH-5.6 cultivator equipped with three-meter paw-hillers in an aggregate with a crawler tractor Q to a depth of 5- 10, 10-18 and 18–25 cm. Plants 20–30 cm high partially (20%) were covered with earth at all depths of treatment, 60–70 cm high often broke, received mechanical damage, and plants 40–50 cm high huddled at depth stroke course 10-18 cm without mechanical damage with the complete destruction of weeds.

After hilling the plants, furrows 20–22 cm deep formed in the aisles, and in rows there were ridges that covered the root collar and part of the stem of the plant.

The proposed method has allowed to dramatically increase the productive use of moisture from precipitation, reduce soil erosion, keep crops clean from weeds without the use of herbicides, use fertilizers more efficiently and increase the yield of cultivated agricultural crops: corn grain by 48-50%, sunflower seeds - by 17-33%.

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Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of cultivation of tilled crops on erosive dangerous lands in conditions of insufficient moisture, including autumn plowing of the soil, cutting of furrows, spring dressing of them, application of fertilizers and sowing, which are due to the fact that, in order to protect the soil from erosion, reduce environmental pollution and increase yields, yield cutting of furrows conducted to a depth of 15-25 cm, and by 16059606 sowing is carried out to a depth of cm in the bottom of the furrow with local rolling and, additionally, during the vegetation period in the phase of 5-6 leaves, inter-row cultivation is carried out along the ridges to a depth of 4-7 cm, and in the phase of 8-10 leaves hilling to the depth. 10-18 cm with the formation of Bo10 Rozd between ages x. Influence of the depth of the furrows on soil washing, weed infestation and yield of cultivated agricultural crops (average for 1983 - 1987)