RU2823934C1 - Subcaliber semi-jacketed fractional bullet for loading rounds to smooth-bore weapons - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ammunition and can be used for firing from smooth-bore weapons. Subcaliber semi-jacketed fractional bullet for loading rounds to smooth-bore weapons is cylindrical and comprises body with lead core and shank. Bullet contains an all-metal membrane installed between the body and the core, having an elongated shape with four plates converging crosswise in the centre, each of which has a thickness of not less than 0.5 mm and a height equal to the height of the core. Each of the four plates has a through hole. Body is made hollow and all-metal, on one side – open, and on the other – closed bottom with thickness of not less than 3 mm, containing a projection for attachment of shank. In the central part of the bottom with a projection there is a through hole for a connecting self-tapping screw installed with the head inside. On the cylindrical wall of the body on the open side towards the bottom there are four slanting longitudinal slots forming four petals with thickness of not less than 0.5 mm, on the upper part of each of which there is a through hole with a chamfer outside. Slanting longitudinal slots are made with a width that allows tight passage of the membrane plates through them, forming a part extending beyond the body in the form of an aerodynamic protrusion. Lead core is made of cylindrical shape, divided along crosswise into four equal parts, having height equal to height of membrane, and converging into one common support bottom. On each part there are external and internal connecting flanges, wherein the internal connecting flanges are located between the parts and connected to the membrane via through holes of the membrane plate, and external connecting flanges via through holes with chamfer outward are connected to petals of the body. Support bottom is located tightly adjacent to the bottom of the body and the head of the connecting self-tapping screw, and has a diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of the body. Shank is made of plastic and has an elongated cone-shaped form with external longitudinally inclined aerodynamic projections. Shank has a front recess mating the projection of the bottom of the body, in the central part of which there is a connecting blind hole for fastening to the threaded part of the connecting self-tapping screw.

EFFECT: higher stopping power of a bullet.

4 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition and can be used for shooting from smooth-bore weapons and is intended for hunting or sport shooting.

The development of the French military engineer Jean-Claude Sauvestre in 1993, the "Sauvestre Bullet", is well known. This bullet is a subcaliber, arrow, expansive bullet, which consists of a metal head element and a plastic stabilizer attached to it at the back. The metal head element can be made of lead or brass and has a steel core. The stabilizer has four backward-slanted blades, which are placed inside the powder charge when loaded into a cartridge. The bullet is placed in a plastic cylindrical container, which consists of two halves and has several transverse annular leading obturator belts. The inner surface of the container completely repeats the shape of the bullet. The Sauvestre bullet has a grouping comparable to the grouping of rifled weapons and is intended for shooting at a distance of 100-200 meters. The bullet has high accuracy, flat flight trajectory, and good lethality (Found on the Internet: https://www.kalashnikov.ru/medialibrary/14c/48_51.pdf, 03/14/2022).

The disadvantage of the analogue is the relatively insufficient stopping effect of the design.

A bullet projectile for a smooth-bore hunting weapon is known, comprising a housing, in the front part of the housing a cavity is made for a striking part, in which the striking part is placed, and in the rear part of the housing a cavity is made, forming an obturator in the form of a cuff, wherein the cuff has two sections with different wall thicknesses, wherein the section at the end of the cuff is made with a wall thickness less than the section following it, located closer to the front part of the bullet projectile, and on the outer surface of the housing twelve screw rifling is made, characterized in that on the end of the outer surface of the cuff two grooves are made for bleeding air when mounting the bullet projectile in a cartridge case, the dimensions of which are smaller than the dimensions of individual powder grains, the screw rifling is made in the form of helical rectangular longitudinal slots to ensure rotation of the projectile in flight around its axis, the striking part is made in the form of a steel roller, the housing is made of high-pressure polyethylene by means of a press mold with the simultaneous pouring of high-pressure polyethylene into the cavity for a striking part in which a steel roller is embedded to form an embedded part, while an opening is made on the front end of the housing for bleeding air when pouring polyethylene into the cavity for the striking part in which the roller is embedded (RU 2686808 C1, F42B 7/10, 30.04.2019).

A hunting bullet is known, comprising a half-shell and a metal body, on the side surface of which protruding ribs are located, and in the lower part there is a ring, the forward-facing surface of which is inclined with respect to the axis of the bullet, characterized in that, in order to intensify the process of stabilizing the bullet by compressing the air flow between the ribs and increasing the force of its impact on the surface of the ring, one side of the ribs is located parallel to the axis of the body, and the other is at an angle to the axis (RU 2121653 C1, F42B 30/02, 10.11.1998).

The above-mentioned analogs of sub-caliber bullets have a diameter significantly smaller than the diameter of the barrel bore. They have less weight, a higher initial velocity and flight range, but a lower stopping effect. Sub-caliber bullets are often loaded into cups or containers with an obturator, and can be used for shooting from guns with strong chokes.

A bullet with a stopping action is known, comprising a head section with slots and a tail section with an internal cavity, characterized in that the tail section also has slots that are a continuation of the slots in the head section and form petals, while the side surface of the tail section cavity is made conical with the base of the cone at the end of the bullet, and the bullet is made entirely of a polymer material (RU 2121127 C1, F42B 30/02, 10/27/1998).

The main disadvantage of this technical solution is the lack of a semi-shelled body and the presence of open slots that worsen the aerodynamics of the bullet, thereby reducing ballistic performance and low stopping power.

The closest analogue to the claimed invention is a semi-jacketed expansive bullet for hunting cartridges, containing a shell and a lead core, characterized in that the tail section of the bullet is made in the form of a cone and its length is not less than 0.25 of the bullet caliber, and the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the conical section is 12 - 16 ^o (RU 2071028 C1, F42B 30/02, 12/27/1996).

The main disadvantage of this technical solution is that it is too strong, has very low destruction when it hits the target, and has an open expansive cavity that worsens the aerodynamics of the bullet, thereby reducing ballistic performance and low stopping power.

The technical problem that the claimed invention is aimed at solving is the creation of a subcaliber semi-jacketed fractional bullet for loading cartridges for smoothbore weapons with an increased stopping effect of the structure due to the complete destruction of the structure without the use of expansive holes and open deformation slots that affect the deterioration of the aerodynamic performance of the structure.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the stopping effect of a bullet.

The technical result of the claimed invention is achieved in that a subcaliber semi-jacketed lobe bullet for loading cartridges for smooth-bore weapons, made of cylindrical shape and containing a body with a lead core and a tail, according to the invention contains a membrane installed between the body and the core, made of all-metal and having an elongated shape with four plates converging crosswise in the center, each of which has a thickness of at least 0.5 mm and a height equal to the height of the core, while a through hole is made on each of the four plates, in addition, the body is made hollow and all-metal, open on one side, and closed on the other with a base at least 3 mm thick, containing a protrusion for fastening the tail, and in the central part of the base with the protrusion a through hole is made for a connecting self-tapping screw installed with the head inward, while on the cylindrical wall of the body from the open side towards the base four oblique longitudinal slots forming four petals with a thickness of at least 0.5 mm, on the upper part of each of which a through hole with a chamfer outward is made, wherein the oblique longitudinal slots are made with a width allowing the membrane plates to pass tightly through them, forming a part extending beyond the housing in the form of an aerodynamic protrusion, and the lead core is made of a cylindrical shape, divided lengthwise crosswise into four equal parts having a height equal to the height of the membrane and converging into one common support bottom, wherein external and internal connecting castings are made on each part, wherein the internal connecting castings are located between the parts and are connected to the membrane through through holes of the membrane plate, and the external connecting castings are connected to the petals of the housing through through holes with a chamfer outward, wherein the support bottom is located tightly adjacent to the bottom of the housing and the head of the connecting self-tapping screw, fixing it, and is made with a diameter corresponding to the internal diameter of the housing, and the shank is made of plastic and has an elongated conical shape with external longitudinally inclined aerodynamic projections, while the shank has a front recess of a mating shape to the projection of the bottom of the body, in the central part of which a connecting blind hole is made for fastening with the threaded part of the connecting screw-tapping screw.

In addition, the body is made of brass or steel.

In addition, the membrane is made of brass, steel, duralumin or aluminum.

In addition, the connecting screw is made of forged steel.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

Fig. 1 shows a general view of a subcaliber semi-jacketed lobe bullet for loading cartridges for smoothbore weapons.

Fig. 2 shows a view from the left side of the bullet in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 shows a view from the right side of the bullet in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 shows the body of a subcaliber semi-jacketed fractional bullet for loading cartridges for smoothbore weapons.

Fig. 5 shows a view from the right of the housing in Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 shows the membrane of a subcaliber semi-jacketed lobe bullet for loading cartridges for smoothbore weapons.

Fig. 7 shows an end view of the membrane in Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 shows the core of a subcaliber semi-jacketed lobe bullet for loading cartridges for smoothbore weapons.

Fig. 9 shows an end view of the core in Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 shows the tail of a subcaliber semi-jacketed lobe bullet for loading cartridges for smoothbore weapons.

Fig. 11 shows a view from the end of the shank in Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 shows a connecting self-tapping screw.

Fig. 1-3 shows a subcaliber semi-jacketed lobar bullet for loading cartridges for smoothbore weapons, made of metals - brass, lead, plastic and having a cylindrical shape, consisting of five main parts of the body (semi-shell) (1), membrane (partition) (8), core-lobar (12), tail (17), connecting screw-self-tapping screw (21).

Fig. 4, 5 shows the body (1) of a subcaliber semi-jacketed lobe bullet for loading cartridges for smoothbore weapons, which is made of solid metal, one of the metals brass or steel, which in turn affects the cost of the design. The shape is cylindrical, hollow, open on one side, and closed on the other by a base (2) with a projection (3). From the open cut towards the base there are oblique longitudinal slots (4), forming four petals (5) from the walls with through holes (7) located on each of them with a chamfer facing outward. In the center of the base there is a through hole (6).

The body (1) completely functions as a semi-shell. The size of the body depends on the caliber (e.g. 20, 16, 12) of the loaded cartridge case, which determines the remaining dimensions and weight of the design parts.

The bottom (2) is made with a wall thickness of at least 3 mm, which ensures the rigidity of the lower part of the structure. At the same time, making the bottom thickness less than 3 mm will lead to deformation of the entire structure at the moment of firing.

The projection (3) of the bottom is designed for precise positioning relative to the body of the tailstock structure.

The longitudinal oblique slots (4) of the body are located on the body at a small angle, for example 2-4°, forming grooves, have a width that allows the membrane walls (partitions) to pass tightly in them, and a length that determines the rigidity incorporated into the design to perform the stopping action of the bullet. At the same time, with an increase in the length of the slots, there is a decrease in the strength of the design.

The petals (5) have the form of elongated, inwardly concave plates, repeating the circumference of the body, performing the function of a part of the semi-shell, not less than 0.5 mm thick, determining the rigidity incorporated into the design to increase the stopping effect of the bullet. With an increase in the thickness of the petals, there is an increase in the strength of the design. When making petals less than 0.5 mm thick, the body (1) will be too fragile, which will lead to its destruction without reaching the target, and to a lower stopping effect of the bullet.

The holes (7) with the chamfer facing outward, one on each wall of each petal (5), are intended for the external connecting castings of the core (12), which fasten the outer side of the structure. The size of the holes and their location on the petals determine the external strength of the bullet structure. The holes are mainly located on the upper part of the petals to achieve an increase in the rigidity of the structure when using it on a large target or on a target through minor obstacles (for example, a bush, reed). The mentioned chamfer is intended to form a kind of rivet head when casting the core for a stronger hold of the petals on the lobes of the core, and with the increase in the hole itself, the chamfer itself also increases, further fastening the structure.

The through hole (6) in the bottom, located in the center, is intended for mounting the tailpiece (17).

Fig. 6, 7 shows a membrane (partition) (8) of a subcaliber semi-jacketed lobe bullet for loading cartridges for smoothbore weapons, made of solid metal from one of the metals: brass, steel, duralumin, aluminum, which in turn affects the cost of the design. The membrane (8) has an elongated shape with four plates (9) converging crosswise in the center, each of which has an opening (11), while the part extending beyond the body forms an aerodynamic protrusion (10).

The plates (9) have a thickness of at least 0.5 mm (if this part is made less than 0.5 mm, it may be excessively flexible and not give the same shape to the core lobes when casting it), a width equal to the outer circumference of the bullet body (1), a height in relation to the upper open cut of the body strictly equal to the height of the core, a depth in relation to the inner side of the base wall determines the strength of the core, thickening or thinning its base. The plates converge crosswise in the center of the structure. They are intended to form the core (12) and provide an increase in the stopping effect of the bullet.

Aerodynamic protrusions (10) protrude slightly at a small angle (according to the angle of the longitudinal slots of the body) beyond the body, performing the work of spinning the structure with aerodynamic flows to improve ballistic qualities.

Through holes (11) are located on each of the plates (9) the size and location are determined by the internal strength of the structure, through the holes the core parts are connected by internal castings.

Fig. 8, 9 shows the core (12) of a subcaliber semi-jacketed lobe bullet for loading cartridges for smoothbore weapons, made of solid metal from lead, has a cylindrical shape, divided lengthwise crosswise into four equal, identical parts (13), which converge into one common support base (14), on each part there are two connecting castings of the internal (15) and external (16). The core is the heaviest, main, supporting part of the structure, determining the solution to the problem posed as a striking element.

The lobes (13) have a height that is not allowed to be greater than the height of the membrane; together they form a blunt or rounded head shape of the structure. The lobes (13) are the main part of increasing the stopping power of the bullet.

The support bottom (14) is located inside the structure tightly adjacent to the bottom (2) of the housing and the upper part of the connecting screw-tapping screw (21), the size of which is determined by the width of the inner diameter of the housing, by the height of the lower part of the membrane (8). All four parts (13), for which it is a support, converge in the support bottom (14). The adjustable height of the support bottom (14) is reassigned to reduce or increase the strength of the core. The support bottom (14) is also part of the increase in the stopping action of the structure.

The connecting castings are located on the core lobes, they are formed during the process of casting the core (12) inside the case with the membrane (8) located in the center and its edges clamped in the slots (4) of the case and are divided into: internal castings (15), located between the lobes and passing through the through holes of the membrane (11) and external castings (16), located on the outer side of the lobes and passing through the holes (7) with a chamfer outward with petals (5) on the case. The connecting castings are designed to increase the strength of the bullet and improve its penetrating ability for each specific target.

Fig. 10-12 shows the shank (17) and the connecting screw-self-tapping screw (21) of a subcaliber semi-jacketed lobe bullet for loading cartridges for smoothbore weapons. The shank (17) is made entirely of plastic, has an elongated conical shape with external longitudinally inclined aerodynamic projections (18), a connecting hole (19), and a front shank recess (20). The shank (17) is tightly secured from the outside to the projection (3) of the base body (2) and is a stabilizing continuation of the body.

Aerodynamic protrusions (18) are located on the outer side of the tail at an angle and are designed to spin the structure with aerodynamic flows, thereby improving ballistic qualities.

The connecting hole (19) is not through and is located in the center of the recess of the shank and is intended for screwing in a connecting self-tapping screw (21).

The front recess (20) of the shank is designed for a more precise and tight connection with the protrusion (3) of the bottom of the structure.

The connecting screw-tapping screw (21) is made of forged steel, tightly fixed from the inside into the through hole of the bottom (6) of the body, its head (upper part) is tightly fixed between the bottoms of the body and the core, leaving its threaded part outside, intended for screwing the shank onto it, thereby securely fastening the body to the shank.

Subcaliber semi-jacketed fractional bullet for loading cartridges for smoothbore weapons has a cylindrical shape and is manufactured on average for 12 caliber and has the following dimensions: width (diameter) - Ф12 mm, length (height) - 34 mm, weight - 30 g. It is intended for both hunting and sport shooting.

The bullet design changes the bullet operating mode, the non-destructive moment is practically excluded from the main factors determining the strength and rigidity of the structure upon contact with the target. This is due to the fact that upon penetration into the target, the destructive energy is transmitted through the entire structure, separating its components. All parts of the bullet destroyed inside the target are independent, separate striking elements, each of which transmits its energy to the target without a trace, without allowing through holes, and remain inside it, providing a high stopping effect. The possibility of ricochet formation is very low.

Claims (4)

1. A subcaliber semi-jacketed lobe bullet for loading cartridges for smoothbore weapons, made of cylindrical shape and containing a body with a lead core and a tail, characterized in that it contains a membrane installed between the body and the core, made of solid metal and having an elongated shape with four plates converging crosswise in the center, each of which has a thickness of at least 0.5 mm and a height equal to the height of the core, while a through hole is made on each of the four plates, in addition, the body is made hollow and all-metal, open on one side, and closed on the other with a base at least 3 mm thick, containing a projection for attaching the tail, wherein in the central part of the base with the projection a through hole is made for a connecting self-tapping screw installed with the head inward, while on the cylindrical wall of the body from the open side towards the base four oblique longitudinal slots are made, forming four petals with a thickness of at least 0.5 mm, on the upper part of each of which a through hole is made with a chamfer outward, wherein the oblique longitudinal slots are made with a width that allows the membrane plates to pass tightly through them, forming a part extending beyond the housing in the form of an aerodynamic protrusion, and the lead core is made of a cylindrical shape, divided lengthwise crosswise into four equal parts having a height equal to the height of the membrane and converging into one common support bottom, wherein external and internal connecting castings are made on each part, wherein the internal connecting castings are located between the parts and are connected to the membrane through through holes of the membrane plate, and the external connecting castings are connected to the petals of the housing through through holes with a chamfer outward, wherein the support bottom is located tightly adjacent to the bottom of the housing and the head of the connecting self-tapping screw, fixing it, and is made with a diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of the housing, and the shank is made of plastic and has an elongated conical shape with external longitudinally inclined aerodynamic projections, while the shank has a front recess of a mating shape to the projection of the bottom of the body, in the central part of which a connecting blind hole is made for fastening with the threaded part of the connecting self-tapping screw. 2. A bullet according to item 1, characterized in that the body is made of brass or steel. 3. A bullet according to item 1, characterized in that the membrane is made of brass, steel, duralumin or aluminum. 4. A bullet according to item 1, characterized in that the connecting self-tapping screw is made of forged steel.