RU2405123C2 - Alva-max calibre bullet - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: bullet is formed with two in-series installed cylindrical bodies with various diametres the passage between which is ledge-shaped. On outer side of cylindrical bodies there are ribs the size of which provides passage of muzzle constriction to 1 mm. Along central bullet axis there is through hole in the form of flattened cone the bigger diametre of which is located in cylindrical body of bigger diametre; at that, chamfer is made in hole on the base of cylindrical body of smaller bullet diametre.

EFFECT: improving shooting accuracy, comfortable arming and reducing lead-covering of barrel.

9 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of ammunition, and in particular to the field of projectiles propelled by a powder charge, and can be used when throwing shells from smooth-bore weapons, in the preferred embodiment, smooth-bore hunting weapons.

According to the method of stabilization in flight and design features, bullets for smooth-bore hunting weapons are divided into caliber and sub-caliber, from which round, cap, arrow, arrow-turbine, turbine, with gas-dynamic stabilization and with gyroscopic stabilization are distinguished. According to the manufacturing method, bullets for smooth-bore hunting weapons are divided into cast, stamped, turned, etc.

Bullets can be subdivided depending on the material from which they are made (pure lead, lead with antimony additives, lead with tin additives, brass, steel); the presence of a shell (lead without a shell, lead with a shell of brass and steel, with an incomplete shell - half-shell); the destructive effect in the body of the animal (expansive and non-expansive); on stabilization in flight and structural features (round, turnout, turnout-turbine, turbine, gauge).

At the moment, it is known (http://anvarbek.narod.ru/amunition.html) a significant number of types of bullets for smoothbore guns.

Of the bullets that are not stabilized in flight, the most famous is the ordinary round smooth bullet. A caliber ball bullet in shotguns with cylindrical barrels gives a reliable battle at a distance of up to 100 m, has great manpower with good centering in the bore, and, consequently, good ballistic and combat qualities. It can also be used in guns with check trunks, provided that the bullet is calibrated for the muzzle hole and special equipment cartridges.

For firing rifles with trunks having muzzle constrictions, they use the round Sputnik bullet with centering belts and point tides on the body. Well-centered in the cartridge, the Sputnik bullet when firing from rifles with cylindrical and check trunks provides a satisfactory battle up to 70 m.

The Witzleben bullet is known, consisting of two components - a cylindrical lead bullet body (body) and an elongated wooden stabilizer shank with a longitudinal ribbed surface around the perimeter. The head part of the bullet in diameter corresponds to a muzzle narrowing, the ribs of the wooden shank center it in the cylindrical part of the barrel and crumple when passing through the narrowing of the "choke". In an improved version, the wooden ribbed shank is made shortened, and two annular belts are applied to the lead lead part of the bullet above and below to improve its centering and obturation of the powder gases. The bullet became compact, its combat qualities increased.

Also known is the BBOO-Ilyin bullet. It, like the Witzleben pool, also consists of two parts - the head and tail. The head part (the actual bullet) is solid, cylindrical in shape, conically pointed in front. Flat rectangular ribs on the body of a bullet are parallel to its axis of symmetry. At the bottom of the bullet is a flat annular guide belt. The component tail is represented by a lightweight polyethylene three-blade stabilizer, pressed into the body of the bullet. The shank at the top has a centering belt, the stabilizer blades are directed along the axis of the bullet.

A composite bullet is the Vyatka bullet. A characteristic feature of its design is a drop shape. The thickened spherical part of the body is the head of the bullet, subtle and directly cut off - the base. A polyethylene wad-stabilizer is attached to the base of the body of the bullet, with the help of a missing lead and riveted at the end of the rod. On the surface of the body to center it, six directly directed narrow ribs are placed, the height of which increases from the head to the base of the bullet. The Vyatka bullet is notable for its compactness and streamlining; the wad-stabilizer reliably closes the barrel and prevents the breakthrough of powder gases during firing.

Polev's bullet also consists of two parts - the head and tail. The head is teardrop-shaped, with a skirt, and the tail is in the form of a lead rod with a length of more than half the bullet. The center of gravity is shifted to the head. A polyethylene wad stabilizer is attached to the tail elongated part, which gives the pool rotation and does not separate when it leaves the trunk. The length of the stabilizer is equal to the length of the bullet. The peculiarity is that a strong and reliable fastening of the head with the stabilizer occurs during the shot due to the deformation of the lead head resulting from overloads during acceleration. The passage through the muzzle constriction of the "chock" type is ensured by a plastic container, a polyethylene stabilizer and the fact that the diameter of the bullet is 2.5 mm smaller than the diameter of the wad.

The Shirinsky-Shikhmatov bullet was designed more than 100 years ago by A.A. Shirinsky-Shikhmatov for hunting bears. Initially, the bullet was a lead cylinder with a diameter 2 mm smaller than the diameter of the bore. At the bottom of the bullet had a caliber rim, and in the upper part there was a conical hole up to 3/4 of the height of the bullet and cruciform cuts to the depth of the hole. The incised parts were connected with a lead belt, the void was filled with fat, the hole was closed from above with a Centroboy-type capsule so that the fat would not be squeezed out of the incisions when the bullet was flying. This version of the bullet was intended for rifles with cylindrical trunks and did not have a wad in the tail. The second version of the bullet was made for guns with muzzle contractions, which allowed her to shoot from the trunks with chokes. For this, the bullet has two leading belts, as a result of which it is well centered in the barrel: the belts in the choke are easily crimped, and the bullet gets the right direction without creating a danger to the strength of the barrel. There is an express void in the front part, and four cuts on the sides so that the bullet, stumbling upon an obstacle (target), correctly unfolds and breaks into large pieces. The empty space was blocked by wax.

Aleksandrov’s bullet represents a further improvement of Witzleben’s bullet, it is made of modern materials - steel and polyethylene. The shock surface of the bullet is flat, the shape is cylindrical, the elongated shank is made of polyethylene. The design is original in the presence in the center of the bullet of a movable plastic aerodynamic rod-tip, which is pushed forward from the bullet's body during the shot.

The Kirovchanka bullet is known in two modifications K1 and K2, complete with a polyethylene container, which provides passage through muzzle constrictions of the Chock type. The shape of the bullet is significantly different from all other bullets - two short cylinders, as if connected by truncated cones.

The Diabolo bullet is designed for firing smooth-bore hunting rifles at the Running Boar target. It is a well-known bullet for shooting from pneumatic guns, but increased to the sizes of the 12th - 32nd calibers. Inside the lower part, a conical cavity is made into which sawdust is poured.

Sharykin bullet is designed for guns of the 28th caliber and is a lead cylinder with a wooden shank. The total length of the bullet is 25 mm, the lead body is 18 mm, the shank is 7 mm. The center of gravity is strongly biased towards the head to stabilize in flight. The diameter of the bullet’s body is 0.3-0.4 mm smaller than the diameter of the barrel muzzle. The shank is made of soft wood, its diameter is equal to the diameter of the muzzle narrowing.

The Astafiev cap is a cylinder with a diameter of about 14 mm, a height of 23.5 mm and a mass of 24 g. The cylinder has a conical cavity with a rounded apex on the tail side. The bullet is made of pure lead with the addition of fractions.

A double sub-caliber bullet is also known, consisting of two balls interconnected through holes with a diameter of 1.5 mm by a nylon thread 1 mm thick and 30-35 mm long. Both balls are identical in weight. In terms of slaughter, this bullet is superior to any caliber bullet used for firing from smooth-bore hunting rifles.

Bullets for shotguns with "paradox" drill trunks are different in design from bullets for smooth-bore and rifled weapons. All of them have two leading belts, which, crashing into the rifling, give the pool a rotational movement.

For more accurate shooting, the trajectory of the bullet should be stable. Practice has shown that the presence of even low spiral aerodynamic ribs on the body of a bullet or blades on a stabilizer shank provides rotation and increases stability in flight. This design feature, combined with the principle of an arrow, was used to create bullets of the arrow-turbine group. The most common and popular of this type of bullets among our hunters was the Yakana bullet, which is still manufactured by our industry in simplified versions.

The Jakan bullet was designed by Yakanis at the beginning of the 20th century. The Yakan bullet has a cylindrical body with a rounded head. A felt caliber stabilizer, which is limited to two cardboard wads and gaskets, is fastened to her body with a lead rod that is missing and riveted on the base of the bullet. In the original version, the body of the Yakan bullet in the head was cut into two-thirds of the length into four (less often six) lobes. An express void was left in the head of the bullet, then filled with wax. After that, the bullet was pressed so that the incisions on the body were not visible and it became streamlined and quasimonolithic. In all cases, six thin guiding inclined triangular ribs are located on the side surface of the bullet body. They center the bullet in the barrel channel, partially crushing and screwing in the choke channel, give it a circular rotation, and during the flight they keep the bullet a slight rotational movement and thereby ensure its steady movement towards the target.

Despite the fact that the Brenneke bullet was patented more than 90 years ago, it has not undergone significant changes and is still a prototype for creating bullet samples, which was done by Ilyin in the development of the head part of the VVOO-I arrow bullet. The Brenneke bullet, like the Yakan bullet, is also cylindrical in shape, but its head is already solid and conically pointed in front. Wide rectangular inclined ribs are densely located on the lateral surface of the body, and at the base there is an annular obturating and centering girdle. The ribs center the bullet and give it a rotational movement, and the belt additionally reliably closes the barrel and prevents the breakthrough of powder gases during firing. The shank of the bullet is similar to the stabilizer of the Yakan bullet and consists of three wads, only fasten them with a fixing screw. Currently, one can find factory Brenneke bullets, the shank of which is planted, like that of the Yakan bullet, on a lead rod. In addition, both of these bullets began to be produced with a polyethylene three-blade stabilizer similar to the Ilyin pool, but its blades were already set at an angle. The stabilizer is pressed into the body of a bullet or mounted on a lead rod.

The famous "Strela" bullet (Shituev's bullet) looks like an aerial bomb. Has a swept profile with six plumage. Available in a container consisting of two polyethylene shells in the form of half cylinders. The profile of the inner surface of the container is made coinciding with the outer profile of the bullet "Arrow"; the external profile is in the form of six truncated cones connected to each other; the diameter and angle of inclination of the forming cones are selected from the condition of ensuring good obturation; a strong bottom ensures the perception of pressure of powder gases without deformation and burnouts.

The turbine bullet "Ideal" is known, the body of which is formed by two cylinders - thicker and shorter in the head, longer and thinner in the tail. The cylinders are interconnected stepwise. In the head part of the bullet there are two leading belts above and below, the third is located on the conically expanded base of the bullet. In the center of the bullet is a longitudinally extended conical channel in front, in which the blades are inclined towards the longitudinal axis of the bullet. The Ideal bullet comes into rotation from the blades located in its central channel. Leading belts and indentations between them on the body of the bullet create additional air resistance and do not contribute to the accuracy and slaughter of the bullet.

Also known is the Mayer twin turbine bullet, designed for rifles with cylindrical and check drilling of barrel channels. Like the “Ideal” bullet, the Mayer bullet has two cylinders in the body, but there is a cone transition between them to give streamlining. For better centering of the bullet head, when it enters the muzzle narrowing, there is only one leading belt in front. In the center of the bullet there is a longitudinal conical channel, in which there are inclined ribs that disappear at the head, and the highest at the base of the bullet, which form a cone with their crests. Outside of the bullet’s body there are inclined ribs - blades, the number of which depends on the caliber of the bullet and can range from six to eight. The outer blades, acting as leading belts, well center the bullet in the bore and when it passes the muzzle narrowing. At the same time, they contribute to more rapid imparting rotational motion to the bullet in flight, due to the large area of the blades and the reduction of rarefaction of air behind the tail of the bullet in flight.

A BS bullet consists of a central conical core turning into a trapezoidal, extended caliber tail section, which provides for the obturation of powder gases during a bullet’s movement in the barrel and should act as a stabilizer during the bullet’s flight to the target, ensuring the bullet is directed head forward. To center in the bore and increase the accuracy of the battle in the new pool, the turbine blades are made in the outer caliber cowl-cowl, which has two centering belts on its surface. The cylindrical fairing is molded in one piece with inclined blades and a conical core, and the length of the casing is less than the length of the blades. Thus, between the casing, the core, the blades and the shank, six inclined through channels are formed, which ensure the operation of the turbine during the flight of the bullet. The blades relative to the longitudinal axis have an inclination angle of 12-14 °, which provides a step pitch of 40-50 cm, a quick rotation of the bullet around the longitudinal axis when leaving the barrel and its correct movement in the airspace along the path to the target.

The famous Rubeykin bullet is an altered version of the Blondo bullet. The main change is that, unlike Blondo, whose heavier tail part creates a reverse sweep, the Rubeykin bullet has a heavier front part, due to which the bullet has a weak, but still normal sweep. It is easier to manufacture, since it does not have lead bands that the container replaces. It is a slightly modified Blondo bullet. Designed for firing from 12-gauge smoothbore weapons with muzzle constrictions up to 1.0 mm.

The developed Alva-Max bullet belongs to arrow type caliber bullets.

The technical problem solved by using the developed technical solution is to develop a new type of caliber bullet for smooth-bore weapons.

The technical result obtained by the implementation of the developed technical solution consists in obtaining a highly accurate and reliable bullet for shooting medium and large animals, convenient in equipment, creating a noticeably smaller effect of barrel leaden.

Bullet "Alva-Max" is a caliber bullet arrow type for smoothbore guns. It is formed by two cylindrical bodies successively installed with different diameters, the transition between which is made stepwise, on the outside of the cylinders there are ribs the size of which allows passage of the muzzle narrowing to 1 mm, a through hole in the shape of a truncated cone is located on the central axis of the bullet, the larger diameter of which is located in a cylindrical body of a larger diameter, a chamfer is made on the smaller base of the bullet in the channel. In a preferred embodiment, it is made of a lead-antimony alloy with a Brinell hardness of 18-19 units. Mostly, the diameters of the cylindrical bodies vary by 2-4 mm, in particular for 12 calibers - 2.3 mm. Preferably, the total length (height) of the bullet is 15-22 mm, most preferably 18 mm, while the length of the lower (thick) cylinder is 8 mm and the upper (thin) is 10 mm. Typically, from 6 to 10 ribs, preferably 8 ribs, are located on the surface of the bullet. Typically, these ribs are located at an angle of 10-15 ° of the central axis of the bullet. Advantageously, the diameter difference of the inner truncated cone is from 0.5 to 2.0 mm, preferably 1 mm. The depth of the chamfer is usually from 2 to 4 mm, preferably 3 mm. The number of additional expressive recesses on the surface of the chamfer is usually 3 and is limited by the circumference of the chamfer. Preferably, the recesses are made in the form of cuts of the same size and arranged uniformly along the circumference of the chamfer.

The bullet is formed by sequentially installed two cylindrical bodies with different diameters. In this case, a cylindrical body of a smaller diameter is located on the front side of the bullet. The transition between the cylindrical bodies is made stepwise, which allows to reduce the deviation of the bullet’s flight path from a straight line and thereby improve accuracy. On the outside of the cylindrical bodies are ribs that stabilize the flight of the bullet. The size of the ribs allows passage of a muzzle narrowing of up to 1 mm, which allows the use of various types of trunks (choke, payroll, cylinder). A through hole in the shape of a truncated cone is located along the central axis of the bullet, a larger diameter of which is located in a cylindrical body of a larger diameter, a chamfer is made on the smaller base of the bullet in the channel. The above provides an expansive action of the bullet. The presence of a gap ensures minimal lead barrel and facilitates equipment bullet cartridge.

When firing a cartridge using the Alva-Max bullet, a plastic cone-shaped fairing can be introduced into the bullet head, which increases the accuracy of firing, significantly reduces drag and improves the persistence of the flight path.

The Alva-Max bullet in the standard configuration is equipped with a felt or wood-fiber wad, but the bullet can be equipped with a stabilizer shank. The use of a stabilizer shank increases the convenience of cartridge equipment, improves ballistic performance, as well as slaughter qualities.

The drawing shows the type of bullet "Alva", with the following notation: the first cylindrical element 1, the second cylindrical element 2, channel 3, chamfer 4, ribs 5.

In a preferred embodiment, the Alva bullet is made of any lead alloy with a Brinell hardness of 18 -19 units.

The geometry of the Alva-Max bullet is such that when shooting it almost completely eliminates ricochets when the bullet ends in hard frontal bones or hard wood. If it gets into soft tissues, it acts either as an expansive bullet, increasing in diameter, or symmetrically fragmented.

From the experience of practical use when hunting medium and large animals (wild boar, elk), the developed Alva-Max bullet is a highly accurate and reliable projectile for shooting medium and large animals, convenient in equipment, creating a noticeably smaller effect of barrel leaching due to the lack of friction of the body of the bullet over the entire internal area of the barrel, limiting the contact of the surface of the barrel and the bullet only with centering ribs.

Claims (9)

1. Caliber bullet for smooth-bore guns, formed by successively mounted two cylindrical bodies with different diameters, the transition between which is made stepwise, on the outside of the cylindrical bodies there are ribs, the size of which ensures the passage of the muzzle narrowing to 1 mm, a through hole is made in the central axis of the bullet the shape of a truncated cone, the larger diameter of which is located in a cylindrical body of a larger diameter, while in the hole on the base of a cylindrical body of smaller d ametra bullet chamfer. 2. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of a lead alloy with a Brinell hardness of 18-19 units. 3. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameters of the cylindrical bodies are 2-4 mm different. 4. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the total length of the bullet is 15-22 mm 5. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of ribs is from 6 to 10. 6. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the ribs are located at an angle of 10-15 ° to the central axis of the bullet. 7. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter difference of the truncated cone of the through hole is from 0.5 to 2.0 mm 8. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth of the chamfer is from 2 to 4 mm. 9. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that additional recesses are made on the surface of the bevel.