RU2817210C1 - Method for diagnosing mental development of children of preschool age of indigenous minorities of the north - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine and can be used for diagnosing mental development of children of indigenous minorities of the North in preschool educational institutions, implementing education, in particular, in nomadic form, at psychological-medical-pedagogical conferences when examining children from one to seven years old inclusive. Method provides for preparation of tasks of various degrees of complexity using a kit for diagnosing mental development of children of indigenous minorities of the North during the examination procedure organized in a special way, in the process of which the child performs practical actions with a group of objects in the form of diagnostic toys and aids, group of teaching aids, a group of illustrated aids, group of aids for productive activities, containing national toys of indigenous minorities of the North, figures of animals living in the area of residence of indigenous people of the North, and thus performs tasks that enable to assess the state of various psychological spheres of the child – cognitive, social-communicative, speech, motor – and correlate the obtained result with the age values approved by the scientific community.

EFFECT: possibility of more accurate assessment of the level of mental development of a child in preschool age and timely detection of children with a risk of mental disorders and/or with deviation from the age standard, possibility to optimize conditions of development, upbringing and training of a child for realization of his/her potential psychic capabilities.

8 cl, 29 dwg, 2 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention can be used to diagnose the mental development of children of indigenous peoples of the North in preschool educational institutions that provide education, in particular, in a nomadic form, at psychological, medical and pedagogical consultations when examining children from one year to seven years inclusive.

In connection with amendments to the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”, children of indigenous peoples of the North leading a nomadic and (or) semi-nomadic lifestyle will be able to receive preschool and primary general education in the places of their traditional residence and traditional economic activities. Consequently, it becomes relevant to diagnose the mental development of preschool children in order to implement effective models of preschool nomadic education.

The prior art knows a method for diagnosing the mental development of preschool children with the aim of timely identifying deviations from the age norm (children with organic Brown syndrome) using a diagnostic and therapeutic kit (USA, N 4972851, A61B 19/00, 1990).

The container contains diagnostic and didactic toys and aids made of non-metallic materials and painted in various colors, for example, an animal toy made of soft plastic, a mirror, a piece of elastic, plates with stripes of different directions applied to their surfaces.

The disadvantage of this diagnostic method is that the manuals and toys included in the set through which the set is implemented do not allow us to fully identify the individual level of mental development of a preschool child and it cannot be used for indigenous peoples of the North due to the specifics of the sociocultural environment, in in which development and upbringing take place, the child’s special way of life, his perception of the world and relationships with it.

There is a known method for diagnosing the mental activity of infants using a set of didactic aids (RU 2587969 C1), which consists of a bag with diagnostic and didactic products placed in it: an inflatable mattress and a rubber roller, 2 large bright toys with loud ringing and low muffled sounds, a luminous toy , a flashlight, 2 types of rattles, a bell, a tambourine with ribbons, 3 types of brushes, velcro braid, an image of a person’s face, cards with the image of stripes and circles, a pipe, a pendant toy, a tumbler doll, a squeaky toy, a toy with the ability to stretch and vibration, ball (RU 2587969 C1).

The method makes it possible to establish the functionality of the receptors of the main analyzers: visual, auditory, motor and tactile, to determine the direction of psychological and pedagogical assistance and the types of stimulating correctional and pedagogical influence on the immature mental sphere of children in the first months of life.

The disadvantage of this method is that manuals and toys cannot be used to diagnose the mental development of children of indigenous peoples of the North from one to seven years of age, because they are created for children in the first months of life.

There is a known method for assessing the level of formation of the “I” image in children of senior preschool age using a set of teaching aids, including schematic figures of people made of cardboard, cards with a schematic image of a gift and a box, and all parts of the set have magnetic elements (RU 2772546 C1).

The kit used in this method cannot be used to assess the mental development of children of indigenous peoples of the North, because has a narrow socio-psychological focus.

There is a known method for diagnosing the mental development of young children, which is closest to the stated one and which involves conducting an examination using a set of objects containing a group of aids and toys for diagnostic and didactic purposes, including a chute and a ball for it, three different sized and one-color boxes with lids , in which balls corresponding to their sizes are placed, a collapsible pyramid and a matryoshka, cubes and a cart toy with braid, a group of illustrative aids, including two plates with identical subject pictures, one of which is cut into several parts, several pairs of plates with identical subject pictures on each pair, a group of teaching aids consisting of four or six flat sticks of the same color and a pencil, while the cubes, balls and sticks can be made of plastic, and the container, collapsible pyramid and matryoshka, cart toy and rectangular boxes can be made of wood (RU 2121316 C1).

The method makes it possible to simplify the early diagnosis of a child’s mental development, but does not involve the inclusion in the examination of such areas of the child’s mental development as speech, motor, social and communication, which reduces its effectiveness. This method will also have low efficiency for diagnosing the mental development of children of indigenous peoples of the North from one to seven years of age, because does not take into account the peculiarities of the sociocultural environment in which development and upbringing take place, the special way of life of the child, his perception of the world and relationships with him.

The technical result of the proposed invention is the elimination of these shortcomings and the creation of such a kit for diagnosing the mental development of preschool children of indigenous peoples of the North, which will improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis due to a more complete examination compared to the closest analogue by assessing and analyzing the degree of formation of four interrelated psychological spheres: cognitive, social-communicative, speech and motor, taking into account the peculiarities of the way of life, development, education and perception of the surrounding world by preschool children of indigenous peoples of the North.

The method allows you to more accurately assess the level of mental development of a child in preschool age and timely identify children at risk of mental development disorders and/or with deviations from age standards and begin work on optimizing the conditions for development, education and training to realize his potential mental capabilities.

The result of the proposed method for diagnosing the mental development of preschool children of indigenous peoples of the North is the assessment of the state of mental development and the determination of the directions and content of education and training, the need to organize correctional and pedagogical assistance.

The specified technical result is achieved in a method for diagnosing the mental development of children of indigenous peoples of the North, which involves the preparation of tasks of varying degrees of complexity using a set of items for diagnosing the mental development of children of indigenous peoples of the North to assess various psychological spheres of the child: cognitive, socio-communicative, speech and motor taking into account age, conducting an examination procedure during which the child uses various groups of items from the set - a group of items in the form of diagnostic toys and aids, a group of educational aids, a group of illustrated aids, a group of aids for productive activities containing national toys of indigenous peoples of the North, figurines of animals living in the area inhabited by the indigenous peoples of the North, assessment of the results of the examination procedure.

In addition, the national toys of the indigenous peoples of the North include the Yulu Pesko, toy sledges, and sticks for playing Tyraniyko.

In addition, figurines of animals living in the area inhabited by indigenous peoples of the North include figurines of a reindeer and a reindeer fawn, a husky dog and a husky puppy, a polar owl and a snowy owl, and a large and small fish.

In addition, the group of diagnostic toys and aids includes a doll, toy dishes, a bucket, a basket, a toy sled with a string, scraps of fur and non-shedding fabric, and an “Owl” twitch toy.

In addition, the group of teaching aids includes figurines of a large and small fish, a reindeer, a reindeer fawn, a husky dog, a husky puppy, a polar owl and a polar owl's owl, cubes and balls, a ball, a spinning top, figurines of mushrooms, pieces of ice, grass, and bones. .

In addition, the group of teaching aids includes figurines of fish, reindeer and husky dog, made in several parts.

In addition, a group of illustrated manuals includes cards with subject images related to the life of the indigenous peoples of the North, cards with plot images related to the life of the indigenous peoples of the North, cards with images of landscapes characteristic of the northern region.

In addition, a group of aids for productive activities includes pieces of plasticine, sticks, twine, colored pencils, a thick triangular black wax pencil, and a toy tent roof.

Subject images on the cards related to the life of the indigenous peoples of the North are, for example, tools, dishes, clothing, food. Subject images related to the life of indigenous peoples of the North are, for example, simulating situations with an emotional and social context. Images of landscapes characteristic of the northern region and associated, for example, with the seasons - landscapes of winter, spring, summer and autumn.

To assess mental development, an analysis of data on the state of four interconnected psychological spheres is carried out: cognitive, socio-communicative, speech and motor, which will determine the directions and content of education and training, timely identify children at risk of mental development disorders and determine pedagogical measures for optimization systems of education and training in the family, the need to provide correctional and pedagogical assistance.

In addition, the diagnostic method can be used in higher educational institutions in the training of practical psychologists, speech pathologists, preschool teachers and other specialists whose future activities involve working with children of indigenous peoples of the North.

The set also includes a user manual, which provides a detailed description of the procedure for psychological and pedagogical examination of a child and criteria for assessing his actions when performing tasks with objects, as well as suggesting qualitative criteria and a method for quantitative assessment of the data obtained.

The invention is illustrated by the following images, which show some of the items included in the set, where: FIG. 1 shows a container for toys in the form of a zippered bag with handles; in fig. 2 - rubber ball; in fig. 3 - doll; in fig. 4 - plastic toy dishes; fig. 5 - wooden cube; fig. 6 - wooden ball; in fig. 7 - figurines of a reindeer and a reindeer fawn made of wood; in fig. 8 - a figurine of a large and small fish made of wood; in fig. 9 - figurines of a Laika dog and a Laika puppy made of wood; in fig. 10 - figurines of a polar owl and a polar owl's owlet made of wood; in fig. 11 - figurine of a mushroom made of wood; in fig. 12 - wooden toy sledges with a jute rope; in fig. 13 - figurine of a bone made of wood; in fig. 14 - wooden stick for the game “Tyraniiko”; in fig. 15 - wooden spinning top Pesko; in fig. 16 - plastic basket; in fig. 17 - wooden fish figurine of 3 parts; in fig. 18 - wooden figurine of a reindeer made of 4 parts; in fig. 19 - wooden figurine of a husky dog, 5 parts; in fig. 20 - twitch toy made of wood “Owl”; in fig. 21 - ice figurine; in fig. 22 - figurine of a grass bush made of wood; in fig. 23 - toy tent roof made of tarpaulin; in fig. 24 - a piece of faux fur; in fig. 25 - a piece of textile material; in fig. 26 - plastic bucket; in fig. 27 - cards with subject images; in fig. 28 - cards with plot images; in fig. 29 - cards with images of landscapes.

The set, placed in the bag, may include: 1 rubber ball; 1 doll; toy dishes (3 plates, 3 spoons, 1 saucepan, 1 ladle, 1 knife); 4 wooden cubes; 4 wooden balls; 4 reindeer figurines and 4 reindeer fawn figurines made of wood; fish figurines - 1 large and 1 small made of wood; 1 husky dog figurine and 1 husky puppy figurine made of wood; 1 polar owl figurine and 1 snowy owl figurine; 10 wooden mushroom figurines; 1 wooden toy sledge with a jute rope; 1 wooden bone figurine; 20 wooden sticks for the game “Tyraniiko”; 1 wooden spinning top; 1 plastic basket; 1 wooden fish figurine of 3 parts; 1 wooden deer figurine of 4 parts; 1 5-piece wooden figurine of a husky dog; 1 wooden twitch toy “Owl”; 4 pieces of ice; 4 grass bush figures; 1 toy tent roof made of tarpaulin; 1 piece of faux fur; 1 piece of textile material; 1 plastic bucket; twine, 6 pieces of plasticine of various colors in a package with a stack; 6 pencils of various colors; 1 thick triangular black pencil; cards with subject images: 4 images of tools, 4 images of dishes, 4 images of clothing, 4 images of food; cards with plot images: 4 images of situations with an emotional context, 4 images of situations with a social context; cards with images of landscapes: 1 image of winter, 1 image of spring, 1 image of summer, 1 image of autumn. The set comes with a user manual.

The method is carried out as follows. Diagnostic examination is carried out in the plague. Game diagnostic aids for children of early and preschool age are placed on a soft, warm floor covering, and for older preschool children - on a children's table. If weather conditions are favorable for the examination: no precipitation, daylight, air temperature above 5 degrees Celsius, tasks to assess motor development are offered outside the tent.

At the first stage, the specialist prepares tasks of varying degrees of complexity using a set of objects for diagnosing the mental development of children of indigenous peoples of the North to assess various psychological spheres of the child: cognitive, social-communicative, speech and motor, taking into account age, prepares a group of objects in the form of diagnostic toys and manuals, a group of educational aids, a group of illustrated aids, a group of aids for productive activities, corresponding to the actual / passport age for assessing various psychological spheres of the child: cognitive, social-communicative, speech and motor.

The set of items used to diagnose the mental development of preschool children of indigenous peoples of the North includes national toys of indigenous peoples of the North - Yulu Pesko, toy sledges, sticks for playing Tyraniyko, figurines of animals living in the area inhabited by indigenous peoples of the North - figurines of a reindeer and a reindeer fawn, a husky dog and a husky puppy, a polar owl, a polar owl owl, large and small fish, and the list is not limited to this list.

The group of diagnostic toys and aids includes a doll, toy dishes, a bucket, a basket, a toy sled with a string, scraps of fur and non-shedding fabric, and an “Owl” twitch toy.

The group of teaching aids includes figurines of a large and small fish, a reindeer and a reindeer fawn, a husky dog and a husky puppy, cubes and balls, a ball, a spinning top, figurines of a polar owl and a polar owl owlet, figurines of mushrooms, pieces of ice, grass, and bones.

The group of teaching aids includes figurines of fish, reindeer and husky dog, made in several parts.

The group of illustrated manuals includes cards with subject images related to the life of the indigenous peoples of the North (tools, dishes, clothing, food); cards with plot images related to the life of indigenous peoples of the North (simulating situations with emotional and social context); cards with images of landscapes characteristic of the northern region (seasons - winter, spring, summer, autumn).

A group of aids for productive activities includes pieces of plasticine, sticks, twine, colored pencils, a thick triangular black wax pencil, and a toy tent roof.

Each of the listed groups is not limited to the specified list of items.

At the second stage, a conversation is organized with the parents (legal representatives) of the child, during which the following information is collected: age, characteristics of character and behavior, results of the child’s activities - crafts and drawings, examination data from medical specialists and other medical information of the subject, behavioral problems.

At the third stage, the specialist creates three gaming diagnostic situations for each area: cognitive, social-communicative, speech and motor, the method of complexity of solving which corresponds to the indicators of the child’s actual/passport age (Table 1). In the process of completing tasks, the specialist provides external assistance to the child using special pedagogical methods and techniques in accordance with the recommendations of the methodology.

For each completed diagnostic task, 1 point is awarded. In case of failure to complete a task after providing additional pedagogical assistance, a score of 0 is given. The final grade is determined based on the sum of correctly completed tasks.

Completing three tasks in the psychological sphere with a total of 3 points indicates its sufficient maturity and this result of the development of the sphere is characterized as normative.

Completing 1-2 tasks in the psychological sphere in the amount of 1-2 points indicates insufficient maturity and this result is characterized as delayed development.

The inability to complete a single task in the psychological sphere in the form of 0 points indicates its immaturity and this result is characterized as deviating from the norm.

The sum of scores in four psychological areas is an indicator of mental development.

The method of solving a practical problem and the child’s activity when completing tasks indicate the state of mental development and are reflected in the form of the sum of points scored when completing tasks in each of the 4 areas.

A score of 9-12 indicates normative mental development.

A score of 4-8 points indicates mental retardation.

A score of 0-4 indicates a deviation of mental development from the age norm.

Interpretation of the qualitative characteristics of the results of completing tasks in the areas of mental development into a quantitative one in the form of a score and summing up the points for each area into an overall score of mental development makes it possible to distribute children into development groups and determine more and less mature psychological areas, thereby developing the general content of psychological development. pedagogical assistance and direction of individual pedagogical work to enhance or correct the development of a less mature psychological sphere.

A score of 9-12 indicates normative mental development and the feasibility of implementing training under the Federal Educational Program of Preschool Education (FOGT DO) in the educational section that corresponds to the actual/passport age of the child.

A score of 4-8 points indicates a delay in mental development and the advisability of implementing training according to the Federal Adapted Educational Program of Preschool Education (FAEP DO) in the educational section, which corresponds to the actual/passport age of the child with the implementation of remedial courses to enhance or correct the development of a less mature psychological sphere .

A score of 0-4 indicates a deviation of mental development from the age standard and the need to organize a comprehensive medical-psychological-pedagogical examination in order to identify the reasons for the lag in mental development from the age standard and determine measures to eliminate the problem.

The effectiveness of the claimed invention is confirmed by examples of its implementation and the achievement of the specified technical result.

The examined child is asked to complete a number of tasks of varying complexity depending on age using didactic aids or a group of them in a certain combination.

The results of diagnostics of individual areas of a child’s mental development (for separate groups of tasks to assess motor, social-communicative, cognitive, speech development) become the basis for drawing up recommendations for the content of pedagogical work in the main educational areas of the preschool education program or the basis for conducting comprehensive medical-psychological pedagogical examination.

Example 1. Igor L., born in 2021, age at the time of examination 2 years 2 months (passport age - 2 years), place of residence - Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), Yamal district, village of Yar-Sale. To carry out diagnostics, a set of objects (tools) and tasks for a child of the third year of life is used. Assessment of motor, social-communicative, cognitive and speech development is carried out by creating conditions for the implementation of objective activities characteristic of the third year of life using tasks 1-4 (Table 2). Assessment of motor development is carried out, in particular, through the task “Roll the toy” (Task No. 1). Assessment of social and communicative development is carried out, in particular, using the task “Eating by myself” (Task No. 2). Cognitive development, in particular, is assessed using the “Draw” task (Task No. 3). Assessment of speech development, in particular, is carried out using the “Do this” task (Task No. 4).

Results of diagnostics of individual areas of the child’s mental development: assessment of motor development - 3 points, social-communicative - 2 points, cognitive 3 points, speech development - 1 point. The results of diagnostics of motor and cognitive development indicate sufficient maturity of these psychological areas. The results of diagnostics of social-communicative and speech development indicate insufficient maturity of these areas and the need to develop appropriate content of psychological and pedagogical assistance and areas of individual pedagogical work to enhance them. The total score for 4 areas of mental development is 9 points, which indicates normative mental development and the feasibility of implementing training in the educational section of the educational section, which corresponds to the actual/passport age of the child.

Example 2. Vera T., born in 2018, age at the time of examination 5 years 6 months, place of residence - Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Tazovsky district, village of Gyda. Assessment of motor, social-communicative, cognitive and speech development is carried out by creating conditions for the implementation of play activities characteristic of a child of the sixth year of life (passport age 5 years), using tasks 5-8 (Table 2). Assessment of motor development is carried out, in particular, using the “Shade in” task (Task No. 5). Assessment of social and communicative development is carried out, in particular, using the task “Sad, happy” (Task No. 6). Cognitive development is assessed, in particular, using the task “Build a tent” (Task No. 7). Assessment of speech development is carried out, in particular, using the task “What is this for?” (Task No. 8).

Results of diagnostics of individual areas of a child’s mental development: assessment of motor development - 1 point, social-communicative - 1 point, cognitive - 1 point, speech development - 0 points. The results of diagnostics of motor, social-communicative and cognitive development indicate insufficient maturity and delayed development of these areas, the result of an assessment of speech development indicates immaturity and deviation of speech development from the age norm. The total score for 4 areas of mental development is 3 points, which indicates a deviation of mental development from the age norm and the need to organize a comprehensive medical, psychological and pedagogical examination in order to identify the reasons for the lag in mental development from the age norm and determine measures to eliminate the problem.

The invention will allow, during a psychological and pedagogical examination, to organize an examination situation in an age-appropriate activity and form of interpersonal communication, which makes it possible to collect information about the state of cognitive, social-communicative, speech activity and movements (motor sphere) with subsequent correlation of the results with the psychological achievements of the age standard in basic psychological areas and establish compliance or non-compliance of the child’s mental development with age standards.

The invention will improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis due to a more complete examination compared to the closest analogue by assessing and analyzing the degree of formation of four interconnected psychological spheres: cognitive, socio-communicative, speech and motor, taking into account the peculiarities of life style, development, education and perception of the environment world by preschool children of indigenous peoples of the North.

The invention will allow timely identification of children at risk of mental development disorders and/or deviations from age standards.

Claims (8)

1. A method for diagnosing the mental development of children of indigenous peoples of the North, which involves the preparation of tasks of varying degrees of complexity using a set of items for diagnosing the mental development of children of indigenous peoples of the North to assess various psychological spheres of the child: cognitive, social-communicative, speech and motor, taking into account age , conducting an examination procedure during which the child uses various groups of items from the set - a group of items in the form of diagnostic toys and aids, a group of educational aids, a group of illustrated aids, a group of aids for productive activities containing national toys of indigenous peoples of the North, animal figurines, living in the area inhabited by the indigenous peoples of the North, assessing the results of the survey procedure. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the national toys of the indigenous peoples of the North include the spinning top, toy sledges, and sticks for playing Tyraniyko. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the figurines of animals living in the area inhabited by indigenous peoples of the North include figurines of a reindeer and a reindeer fawn, a husky dog and a husky puppy, a polar owl and a snowy owl. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the group of diagnostic toys and aids includes a doll, toy dishes, a bucket, a basket, a sled with a string, scraps of fur and non-shedding fabric, and an “Owl” twitch toy. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the group of teaching aids includes figurines of a large and small fish, a reindeer and a reindeer fawn, a husky dog and a husky puppy, a polar owl and a polar owl owlet, cubes and balls, a ball, a spinning top. , figurines of mushrooms, pieces of ice, grass, seeds. 6. The method according to any of claims 1 or 5, characterized in that the group of teaching aids includes figurines of fish, reindeer and dogs, made of several parts. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the group of illustrated manuals includes cards with subject images related to the life of the indigenous peoples of the North, cards with plot images related to the life of the indigenous peoples of the North, cards with images of landscapes characteristic of the northern region. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the group of aids for productive activities includes pieces of plasticine, sticks, twine, colored pencils, a thick triangular black wax pencil, and a toy plague roof.