RU2809370C1 - Bathhouse stove - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat engineering.

SUBSTANCE: heat-generating devices using solid or gaseous fuels, used to heat air and produce steam in large steam rooms. The bathhouse stove contains a metal body consisting of a combustion chamber module with a loading tunnel connected to a heater module, as well as a flue gas removal system. The combustion chamber module is designed with an open top. The heater module is of a closed type and is divided into compartments in the form of containers for heat-accumulating charge, each welded with its front and rear walls to the front and rear walls of the heater module body to form slotted gaps between the side walls of the heater module housing and the side walls of the containers for heat-accumulating charge, entering the flue gas removal system through a pipe mounted in the upper part of the heater module, connected to the chimney. The metal body of the stove is designed to be mounted on a foundation in which a supply and exhaust ventilation channel is pre-installed. The stove body is lined with brick on the outside to form a gap of 80 to 200 mm between the outer walls of the metal stove body and the inner surface of the brick walls, as well as with formation of conventional opening in the lower and the upper parts of the brick walls along the entire perimeter of the furnace.

EFFECT: improved workability of the stove during its manufacture and installation, improved heat transfer and maintainability, and creation of a favourable climate in the steam room of the bathhouse.

15 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of heat engineering, in particular to heat-generating devices using solid or gaseous fuels, used to heat air and generate steam in steam rooms of public and commercial baths or saunas, used in large rooms and with a large number of users.

In conditions of elevated air temperatures in a steam room, air quality becomes essential, which can contribute to the healing effect of a Russian bath.

A sauna stove-heater is known (RU 214234, class F24B7/00, F24B1/02, 2022), which includes a body made of heat-resistant stone and forming a combustion chamber with holes for supplying fuel and air and a metal container for a heat-accumulating deposit having a channel for removal of flue gases with an inlet hole made in it. The container for the heat-accumulating deposit is made solid and is placed in the upper part of the combustion chamber with the formation of gaps between their walls, as well as hermetically sealing the combustion chamber. The metal container for the heat-accumulating deposit has an external protrusion, through which the container rests on the furnace body through a high-temperature insulating gasket.

However, heater stoves made of stone are very labor-intensive to repair, which with this design of the stove is carried out once a year, and with regular use, for example in public baths, once every six months. When repairing, it is necessary to replace the masonry, which is a time-consuming and expensive operation.

A stove for a bath is known (RU 2740971, class F24B 1/02, F24B 5/02, F24B7/00, F24B 13/00, 2021), including a body, a firebox, an ash pan, a grate, a closed heater, a chimney pipe, a lid heaters, protective casing. On the side wall of the housing there are hooks for attaching the heat exchanger. In the ash pan on the side wall of the housing there is a convection door, which has a system to prevent soot from settling on the glass of the firebox door. There is a hole between the bottom of the combustion channel and the wall of the firebox door. A closed heater has a side heater channel with a heater door. A closed heater is installed at a distance from the walls of the furnace body with the possibility of gaseous combustion waste passing along the contour of the entire outer surface. On the back and side walls, the oven has convection channels; along the perimeter of the body, the oven has a protective screen in the form of metal plates, panels or fireclay stone. The space between the stove and the screen is filled with either heat-insulating material or stones. If the screen is made in the form of a casing made of natural stone along the contour of the furnace body, it is made with an open top and side for laying out the stone, the side lower plates on the right and left are U-shaped, it has side plates on the right, left and front along the contour of the combustion channel and top plates on top and front.

The known sauna stove has a complex design, is poorly repairable and is not efficient enough to maintain a constant temperature, due to the fact that to generate steam, water is supplied directly to the heat-storing material, thereby reducing the temperature in the stove. In addition, the stove is not suitable for use in large rooms.

There is a known sauna stove made of cast iron (RU 2735818, class F24B1/189, 2020), containing a top plate, a base, a combustion unit with a grate mounted on a grate plate and a flame arrester, in which the combustion channel has a narrow and wide part, the narrow part of the combustion channel is connected to the combustion unit, and in the opposite, wide part there is a combustion door, while all connections of the combustion unit are made through a tongue-and-groove and in all such joints a fire-resistant cord and heat-resistant sealant are laid, and the combustion channel itself is fixed directly to combustion unit using a heat-resistant sealant and a fire-resistant cord, a two-part flame arrester is located under the smoke exhaust pipe and above the grate plate, and the first part of the flame arrester is fixedly connected through a tongue-and-groove to the front and side walls or through a tongue-and-groove with the front wall and installed on projections located on the side walls of the combustion unit, and the second part of the flame arrester is movably mounted on the projections located on the side walls of the combustion unit and on the first part of the flame arrester.

The design of a well-known cast iron stove has a significant number of component elements (14 pieces), which are connected to each other through a tongue and groove, as well as using a heat-resistant sealant and a heat-resistant cord. A large number of elements complicates the assembly of the entire furnace structure, because component elements require precise adjustment, which is not always possible when producing elements by casting. Cast iron is a fragile material and can be damaged during transportation. In addition, an open heater does not provide high stove efficiency. The known oven is designed for small-volume steam rooms. Cast iron is highly susceptible to corrosion. With a sharp temperature change, the components of a cast iron stove are highly likely to burst. Also in cast iron furnaces there are limitations on the possible options, the complexity of the design and, as a consequence, its efficiency associated with the limited capabilities of the casting molds.

The prototype of the claimed invention is a sauna stove (RU 2651878, class F24B 5/00, 2018), containing a housing consisting of a front, rear and two side casings, with elements for heat production and flue gas flow located inside. The elements for heat production and flue gas circulation are made in the form of three modules: a loading firebox module, a combustion chamber module and a double-flow heater module. The loading firebox module is made in the form of a box, on the front of which there is a door and a handle for opening it. On the rear part there is an ash pan, installed with the ability to move both along the loading firebox module and along the combustion chamber module. The combustion chamber module is made in the form of a box with at least one hole in the upper part for the passage of flue gases into the nozzle, located in the lower part of the grate. The third module is made in the form of a box with a double-flow channel organized inside for the passage of flue gases into the pipe. The lower section of the double-flow heater module, located above the calibrated holes, is equipped with flame deflectors. The modules are attached to each other using a profile connection.

The disadvantage of the known design is the impossibility of using it for long-term operation, for example, in public baths, because it is low-power due to the complex organization of flue gas flows inside it. This stove design is not capable of quickly and evenly heating the heater and steam room. The stove is intended only for individual baths and cannot be used in commercial baths due to low efficiency.

The problem to which the invention is aimed is the development of a continuous furnace design, the use of which eliminates the disadvantages of existing furnace designs, with the possibility of its operation on both solid fuel and natural or liquefied gas, intended for heating a steam room, generating steam and heating water to obtain a microclimate in large rooms of commercial baths.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the manufacturability of the stove during its manufacture and installation, increase heat transfer and maintainability, and create a favorable climate in the steam room of the bathhouse.

The problem posed and the stated technical result are achieved due to the fact that the sauna stove contains a metal body consisting of a combustion chamber module with a loading tunnel connected to the heater module, as well as a flue gas removal system. According to the invention, the combustion chamber module is made with an open top, and the heater module is made of a closed type and is divided into compartments in the form of containers for heat storage, each of which with its front and rear walls is welded to the front and rear walls of the heater module body, with the formation between the side walls heater module housing and side walls of containers for heat-accumulating slot gaps included in the flue gas removal system through a pipe mounted in the upper part of the heater module connected to the chimney. The metal body of the furnace is designed to be mounted on a foundation in which a supply and exhaust ventilation channel is pre-installed. The furnace body is lined with brick on the outside, forming a gap of 80 to 200 mm between the outer walls of the metal furnace body and the inner surface of the brick walls, as well as forming conventional holes in the lower and upper parts of the brick walls along the entire perimeter of the furnace.

The heater module can include from 1 to 4 compartments. The implementation of a heater module in high-power furnaces with compartments is necessary to reduce the area that receives the load from the stone and the heat load from the flame in the furnace. The result of this division is an increase in the strength of each individual section and an increase in the heat transfer surface. At the same time, the number of compartments depends on the volume of the steam room, and exceeding the number of compartments over 4 is impractical.

It is preferable to attach heat transfer fins to the inner walls of each heat storage container.

It is advisable to install reinforcing inserts between the walls of the container for heat storage and the outer side walls of the heater module. The presence of reinforcing inserts increases the strength of the containers themselves during operation of the furnace in extreme conditions, as well as when loading a heat-storing storage tank.

The bottom of the heater module is thickened from 20 to 60 mm to prevent it from quickly burning out and increase durability, because The bottom wall of the heater module is in high temperature mode.

The heater module is equipped with a tunnel with a door for supplying water into the tunnel in order to generate steam, the number of which corresponds to the number of sections in the form of containers for the heat-storing unit.

The brick walls are made of clay bricks and are laid flush with the doors of the tunnels of the heater module and the combustion chamber module to eliminate heat loss that affects the climate in the steam room, as well as to increase the efficiency of the stove.

It is advisable to provide all joints of the furnace units with non-flammable gaskets, and coat the outside with heat-resistant sealant.

On the outside, the heater module and combustion chamber module are equipped with heat transfer fins made of sheet steel, painted with heat-resistant silicone enamel.

The supply and exhaust ventilation channel, built into the foundation of the furnace, is equipped with a valve for dosing fresh air into the steam room.

To use a solid fuel stove, the combustion chamber module must additionally be equipped with a grate and an ash pan, and to heat the stove using natural or liquefied gas, a gas burner must be installed in the loading tunnel of the combustion chamber module.

The side walls and bottom of the combustion chamber of the furnace are lined with fireclay bricks. This design of the combustion chamber facilitates repair work, because Through the combustion door, the brick can be easily replaced at any time during the service of the stove without disassembling it. The lining significantly increases the service life of the furnace and eliminates the possibility of overheating the walls of the combustion chamber.

A heat exchanger for heating water can be installed in the combustion chamber module.

It is advisable to provide convection openings formed in the upper part of brick walls with doors to control convection flows in a steam room.

The stove is used to create a Russian bathhouse climate in large steam commercial public baths. Usually in such baths they build large brick stoves, which are expensive to install and maintain, and installation of the stove takes a lot of time. The declared furnace is completely manufactured and assembled in production. The presence of modules allows you to install the stove in a couple of days in the customer’s steam room. Also, its service life is higher compared to known furnace designs. When using the stove, it requires virtually no maintenance, as a result of which its characteristics are unattainable for brick stoves, such as maintainability and durability during use, as well as the ability to control the convection air flow inside the bathhouse. Convection forms the climate of the steam room. The furnace is constantly operating, due to which the maximum temperature in the stones is always reached, which allows you to get excellent steam at any time. The oven can also have exhaust systems and air supply integrated into it. To heat the stove, you can use solid fuel, such as firewood, peat and sawdust briquettes, as well as gaseous fuel: natural or liquefied gas.

Installing the furnace body on the foundation, with a supply and exhaust ventilation channel pre-installed into it, equipped with a valve, allows you to dose fresh air into the steam room, creating favorable conditions in the steam room of the bathhouse.

Brick walls made of clay bricks around a metal body, laid out to form a gap of 80 to 200 mm between the furnace body and the inner surface of the brick wall, provide the necessary conditions for air convention in the bathhouse to create a comfortable climate and at the same time reduce the temperature of the outer walls of the furnace, providing a softer climate. In this case, the size of the gap depends on the volume of the room, on the volume of the combustion chamber, on the number of containers for heat storage. The larger the room, the larger the size of the stove, and, consequently, the larger the gap. If the gap is reduced to less than 80 mm, the furnace may overheat and fail, and if the gap exceeds 200 mm, it may not be sufficient to heat the outer brick cladding.

The presence of conventional holes formed in the lower and upper parts of the brick walls along the entire perimeter of the furnace makes it possible to create favorable conditions in a large steam room. It is advisable to install doors in the upper convection openings, by opening which you can control the convection flows in the steam room, and, consequently, shape its climate in a wide range of climatic conditions.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings, where in FIGS. 1 - shows a metal body, including a combustion chamber module with a loading tunnel connected to the heater module; in fig. 2 – vertical section of a sauna stove running on gas fuel; in fig. 3 – vertical section of the furnace, from the side; in fig. 4 – vertical section of the stove, with two compartments in the form of containers for the heat-accumulating storage of the heater module; in fig. 5 – foundation of a bathhouse stove with a supply and exhaust ventilation channel; in fig. 6 – air circulation in a steam room, using a supply and exhaust ventilation channel; in fig. 7 – appearance of the furnace, from the side of the loading tunnel of the combustion chamber module, lined with bricks with conventional holes in the lower and upper parts of the wall; in fig. 8 - lining the metal body of the furnace with clay bricks, forming a gap; in fig. 9 – appearance of the stove, lined with brick, from the side of the tunnels of the heater module; in fig. 10 - heat exchanger in the combustion chamber.

The sauna stove is represented by the following items:

1 - combustion chamber module, made of sheet steel and painted with heat-resistant silicone enamel;

2 - loading tunnel;

3 – heater module, made of sheet steel and painted with heat-resistant silicone enamel;

4 – section in the form of a container for heat storage;

5 – thermal accumulating deposit, which is used as

rock stones of volcanic origin measuring 5-10 cm: basalt, peridotite. Round, dark-colored cobblestones are best because... they have already experienced the effects of fire and water;

6 – slot gap included in the flue gas removal system, formed between the inner walls of module 3, the outer walls of containers 4 and between the walls of containers 4 for heat storage;

7 – combustion chamber of module 1;

8 – pipe in the upper part of the heater module 3;

9 – chimney connected to pipe 8;

10 – foundation;

11 - supply and exhaust ventilation channel;

12 – valve;

13 - pipe facing the street, connected to the total volume of the steam room;

14 – brick wall made of clay bricks;

15 – gap from 80 to 200 mm between the outer walls of the metal body and the inner surface of the brick wall 14;

16 - conventional holes in the lower part of the brick wall 14 along the entire perimeter of the furnace;

17 - conventional holes in the upper part of the brick wall 14 along the entire perimeter of the furnace;

18 – heat transfer fins on the outer surface of modules 1 and 3, made of sheet steel and painted with heat-resistant silicone enamel;

19 – heat transfer fins on the inner walls of container 4 for heat-accumulating storage, made of sheet steel and painted with heat-resistant silicone enamel;

20 – reinforcing inserts between the walls of the container 4 for the heat-storage deposit and the outer walls of module 3;

21 - the bottom of the heater module 3, installed on the combustion chamber module 1, is thickened from 20 to 60 mm;

22 – non-flammable gaskets at the joints of the furnace components, coated with heat-resistant sealant on the outside;

23 – burner;

24 – heat exchanger installed in combustion chamber 7 of module 1;

25 - entrance hole located at the bottom of the steam room wall.

A sauna stove operating, for example, on gaseous fuel (Fig. 2) is intended for large steam rooms in public and commercial baths or saunas, with a large number of users visiting. The furnace is used both to produce steam and can also be used to heat water using a heat exchanger 24 located in the combustion chamber 7 of module 1. The furnace can operate on network natural gas, as well as on liquefied petroleum gas. The furnace is installed on a foundation 10, lined with clay bricks on the outside to form walls 14. The metal elements of module 1 and 3 are made of sheet steel, painted with heat-resistant silicone enamel. The furnace 7 firebox is lined with fireclay bricks (not shown in the figure).

When the furnace is heated, the heat transfer surfaces of the ribs 18, which are painted with heat-resistant silicone enamel, which retains its properties at temperatures up to 600°C, quickly heat up and begin to warm up the air in the gap 15. The heated air through the open conventional holes 17 enters the steam room, warming it up.

The large mass of thermal storage 5, in the form of stones, placed in container 4 of the heater module 3, ensures temperature stability in the steam room and is a powerful steam generator. The required mass of stones for the stove is determined at the rate of 2.5-6 kg per 1 m³ of steam room volume. Before laying, the stones are washed in running water with a stiff brush. To ensure air circulation, the stones are placed as follows: the largest ones (9-10 cm) are placed on the bottom of the heater, and the smallest ones (5-6 cm) are placed on top. This ensures uniform heating.

To heat the furnace with gas, the metal body of the furnace is equipped with a gas burner 23, which is mounted in the loading tunnel 2.

The metal body of the sauna stove, consisting of modules 1 and 3, is manufactured in production and delivered to the place of use assembled. Moreover, depending on the size, modules 1 and 3 can be assembled using bolted connections directly in production or at the installation site of the furnace.

Depending on the volume of the heated room, the metal body of a bath stove may have the following characteristics:

- height from 1600 to 2460 mm;

- width from 1070 to 2270 mm;

- depth from 870 to 1670 mm;

- gas consumption from 9 to 30 m ³ ;

- furnace power from 90 to 250 kW;

- chimney diameter from 220 to 330 mm;

- room volume from 80 to 280 m ³ ;

- combustion chamber volume from 0.3 to 1.3 m ³ ;

- heat exchanger power for heating water from 30 to 80 kW.

To use a solid fuel stove, combustion chamber module 1 must be equipped with a grate and an ash pan (not shown in the figure).

The stove is installed strictly vertically on a pre-prepared foundation 10, into which the supply and exhaust ventilation channel 11 is inserted. A valve 12 is mounted on the upper hole of the channel 11, with the help of which fresh air is dosed into the steam room (Figs. 5 and 6). The foundation 10 of the furnace is buried at the level of the strip foundation of the building. Brick laying around the metal body of the furnace is carried out using a clay mixture intended for laying furnaces with the addition of 10% cement.

The furnace is installed so that the front side of the furnace and the burner 23 go into the boiler room (Figs. 7 and 8). The steam room should be separated by a partition from the boiler room (Fig. 7).

The metal body of the stove is lined with clay bricks with a gap of at least 80 mm and no more than 200 mm, for optimal heating and air circulation in the steam room, to ensure comfortable conditions. If the gap is less than 80 mm, then the air flow will be insufficient for full power take-off and the furnace may overheat itself, but if the gap is more than 200 mm, then the air flow may not be heated up enough, and, consequently, the brick wall 14 will not warm up either. and this, in turn, will not allow creating a comfortable microclimate in the steam room. Humid air from the steam room enters through the conventional holes 16, made in the lower part of the brick wall 14, passes through the gap 15, heats up, rises up and exits into the steam room, heated to a temperature of 200 to 400 ° C through the conventional holes 17, formed in the upper parts of the brick wall 14 and equipped with doors (not shown in Fig.) to control convection currents. When lining the tunnel of the heater module 3 and the loading tunnel 2 of the combustion chamber module 1 with brick, the masonry is made flush with the tunnel doors, and all joints of the furnace units are laid with non-flammable gaskets 22 (basalt cardboard) and the outside is coated with heat-resistant sealant (Fig. 8 and 9). This design ensures sealing and heat retention inside the oven.

The first heating of the stove is carried out with the windows and doors fully open, lasting at least 2 hours with the heater unloaded with stones. After the furnace has completely cooled and the paint has completely hardened (polymerized), prepared stones are placed in container 4 (heat-storing deposit 5).

During heating of the furnace, convection openings 16 and 17 in the brick wall 14 in the steam room must be fully open (they directly affect the heating rate of the steam room and the service life of the oven). The oven is heated until the desired temperature is achieved in a steam room. After the temperature in the steam room has reached the desired values, the stove is stopped, and the convection openings 17 are closed and, if necessary, opened. During the process of steaming and cooling the stones in the heater, the stove is heated.

The process of air movement in a steam room differs from the air movement in residential premises. In a steam room, more intense air cooling occurs due to heat loss through the enclosing walls, floor and air cooling by people. The cooled air falls down and is replaced by air heated by the furnace. In addition to the cooled air, carbon dioxide exhaled by people goes down. To more effectively ventilate the steam room and minimize heat losses from the steam room, air must be removed through a pipe 13 facing the street, with an inlet 25 located at the bottom of the wall of the steam room (Fig. 6). Since even the cooled air in the steam room has a temperature higher than the outside air, a natural draft arises in pipe 13, ensuring the upward movement of air. This ensures ventilation of the steam room with minimal heat loss. When a person steams, he cools the air with his body and breath, since the human body temperature is 36.6°C. The air in a steam room is heated, as a rule, no lower than a temperature of 60-80°C, so the used air (colder) with a minimum amount of oxygen goes down, while fresh and hot air is at the top. To properly ventilate a steam room, you need to remove cold air from the steam room and saturate it with hot air. For this purpose, supply and exhaust ventilation is organized, shown schematically in the figure (Fig. 6). Using an exhaust hood through the ventilation near the floor, cold air leaves the steam room, and warm and fresh air is pressed to the floor, as a result of which the floor is heated and a smooth, comfortable atmosphere is created in the steam room.

The sauna stove operates in constant mode.

Furnace repair, as a rule, consists of replacing the lining bricks in the firebox or sealing small cracks that appear over time on the outer brick lining of the furnace. But even if the combustion part or heater block fails, only the failed unit is replaced. Such work is carried out quickly enough, and you do not have to stop the furnace for a long time.

The sauna stove has been tested with positive results, including ease of manufacture, manufacturability during installation (within 2-3 days), increased heat transfer ensuring a favorable, comfortable climate in a large steam room in the bath, as well as maintainability due to the simplicity of the design.

Claims (15)

1. A stove for a bath, containing a metal body consisting of a combustion chamber module with a loading tunnel connected to the heater module, as well as a flue gas removal system, characterized in that the combustion chamber module is made with an open top, and the heater module is of a closed type and divided into compartments in the form of containers for heat storage, each of which is welded with its front and rear walls to the front and rear walls of the heater module body to form slotted gaps included in the flue gas removal system between the side walls of the heater module body and the side walls of the containers for heat storage. through a pipe mounted in the upper part of the heater module, connected to the chimney; in addition, the metal body of the stove is designed to be mounted on a foundation in which a supply and exhaust ventilation channel is pre-installed; the stove body is lined with brick on the outside to form a gap of 80 up to 200 mm between the outer walls of the metal body of the furnace and the inner surface of the brick walls, as well as with the formation of conventional holes in the lower and upper parts of the brick walls along the entire perimeter of the furnace. 2. A sauna stove according to claim 1, characterized in that the heater module includes from 1 to 4 compartments. 3. A stove for a bath according to claim 1, characterized in that heat transfer fins are fixed on the inner walls of each container for a heat-accumulating deposit. 4. A sauna stove according to claim 1, characterized in that reinforcing inserts are installed between the walls of the container for the heat-accumulating deposit and the outer side walls of the heater module. 5. The sauna stove according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the heater module is thickened from 20 to 60 mm. 6. A stove for a bath according to claim 1, characterized in that the heater module is equipped with a tunnel with a door for supplying water into the tunnel to generate steam, the number of which corresponds to the number of sections in the form of containers for the heat-storing unit. 7. The sauna stove according to claim 1, characterized in that the brick walls are made of clay bricks and are laid flush with the doors of the tunnels of the heater module and the combustion chamber module. 8. A stove for a bath according to claim 1, characterized in that all joints of the stove units are equipped with non-flammable gaskets and coated on the outside with a heat-resistant sealant. 9. The sauna stove according to claim 1, characterized in that on the outside the heater module and the combustion chamber module are equipped with heat transfer fins made of sheet steel, painted with heat-resistant silicone enamel. 10. A stove for a bath according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply and exhaust ventilation channel, built into the foundation of the stove, is equipped with a valve for dosing fresh air into the steam room. 11. A stove for a bath according to claim 1, characterized in that for using a solid fuel stove, the combustion chamber module is additionally equipped with a grate and an ash pan. 12. A sauna stove according to claim 1, characterized in that a gas burner is installed in the loading tunnel of the combustion chamber module. 13. A stove for a bath according to claim 1, characterized in that the side walls and bottom of the combustion chamber of the stove are lined with fireclay bricks. 14. A stove for a bath according to claim 1, characterized in that a heat exchanger for heating water is installed in the combustion chamber module. 15. A stove for a bath according to claim 1, characterized in that the convection holes formed in the upper part of the brick walls are equipped with doors to control convection flows in the steam room.