RU27332U1 - MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATION - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Marine ecological station, consisting of an energy source, an electrolysis bath for producing hydrogen from sea water, a hydrogen liquefaction plant, connecting pipelines, characterized in that wind power plants, a photovoltaic station, a hydroelectric plant, a fuel and chemical element station are used as an energy source , with the possibility of using hydrogen as fuel, rechargeable batteries, and the deep-water intake block consists of a deep-water intake pipe water, with the filter held by the anchor at a given depth, the second end of the deepwater intake pipe being connected to the desulfurization pool containing a receiving compartment, a vacuum pump, the receiving compartment being connected to a desodorization bath and having a low-temperature electric heater, a translucent dome, and a compressor with the ability to transfer hydrogen sulfide in a photolizer, which has the ability to select crystalline sulfur in a container for collecting crystalline sulfur, and hydrogen in the fuel and chemical element the station and the hydrogen liquefaction unit through a hydrogen receiver, where, in addition, hydrogen is supplied from the electrolysis unit through a translucent dome and compressor, the electrolysis unit having electrodes and connected to the oxygen liquefaction unit through the compressor with the possibility of oxygen removal to seawater and supplying liquid oxygen to a liquid hydrogen and oxygen dispensing point through a liquid oxygen storage point, and a hydrogen liquefaction unit is able to supply liquid hydrogen to a liquid liquid storage point

Description

2002124328

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d / tt -j - g Marine Ecological Station

Marine Ecological Station (MES) refers to ecological systems, and specifically to devices for acquiring and using electric energy from natural renewable sources of energy at sea without pollution of the fugitive environment.

The use of power plants at sea is known (see A. Belyakov “On Water Turbines and Not Only About Them. Nezavisimaya Gazeta - Science, No. 8, 2000), using the inexhaustible capabilities of the World Ocean to solve environmental problems. The location of power plants on the sea (ocean) is dictated by the presence of a large number of renewable environmentally friendly sources of energy, the absence of territorial restrictions, and the possibilities of practical use of the energy received from them on the spot. These energy sources include:

movement energy of sea water (sea currents, tides, swell, etc.);

solar power;

wind energy;

electrochemical energy of water itself and its components - oxygen and hydrogen;

biochemical energy of sea water.

The emergence of offshore (oceanic) power plants - the development of offshore energy contributed to the exacerbation of global energy and raw materials problems. So, in Russia in 1968 a tidal power station was put into operation on the coast of the Barents Sea in the Kislov Bay. The Tenzhinsky tidal power station in Kamchatka is under development. Wind farms have been built and are being operated in the Netherlands and Denmark on the North Sea coast. However, these stations are used only for generating electricity, i.e. only the first part of the problem of our invention is solved.

Closer to the ecological system, a power plant using the energy of the Gulf Stream, mounted in the Gulf of Mexico (see David Rohlenko “Floating Hydrogen Factories. Independent Newspaper Science, No. 4, 1999. Prototype), consists of energy sources, an electrolysis bath for hydrogen production from sea water, hydrogen liquefaction plants, connecting pipelines.

The receivers (converters) of ocean current energy are small (1.5 m high and 1 m diameter) helicond turbines,

Ex.№ Object-utility model

MGG7

each of which is mounted small generators that generate electrical energy. Generators are combined into a single network in which the energy consumer is an electrolysis bath, where there is hydrogen and oxygen from seawater. One of the applications of hydrogen is its use as an ecological fuel for internal combustion engines. In this installation, the direct use of the energy received attracts attention, which helps to avoid its losses, as well as the production of environmentally friendly fuel - hydrogen.

However, the above device cannot be used to obtain clean fuel in the Black Sea.

In addition, this station does not use other sources of energy, such as wave and swell energy, wind energy, solar energy, electrochemical energy of substances soluble in sea water, biochemical energy of representatives of marine flora, etc.

And most importantly, this station does not create the ability to purify water in the waters of coastal cities, for example, Sochi, Tuapse, Novorossiysk and the Black Sea itself, from poisoning all living things, excess hydrogen sulfide and other pollutants.

The objective of the utility model is to counteract the hydrogen sulfide toxicity of the Black Sea (and other seas), use the inexhaustible possibilities of unconventional energy sources and produce environmentally friendly fuels (hydrogen), as well as products such as crystalline sulfur and liquid oxygen.

The technical solution to the problem is to create a marine ecological station, consisting of an energy source, an electrolysis bath for producing hydrogen from sea water, a hydrogen liquefaction plant, a connecting pipeline, and wind power plants, a photovoltaic station, a hydroelectric plant, and a chemical-chemical elemental station are used as an energy source. , with the possibility of using hydrogen as fuel, rechargeable batteries, and the deep-water intake block consists of an intake lubokovodnogo conduit, with the filter held by the anchor at a predetermined depth, wherein the second end of the intake deep pool truboprovodasoedinen

a desulfurization unit comprising a receiving compartment, a vacuum pump, the receiving compartment being connected to the desulfurization bath and having a low-temperature electric heater, a translucent dome, and a compressor with the ability to transfer hydrogen sulfide to a photolizer, which has the ability to collect a crystalline sulfur collector for collection

crystalline sulfur, and hydrogen to the fuel-chemical element station and the hydrogen liquefaction unit through a hydrogen receiver, which, in addition, receives hydrogen from the electrolysis unit through a translucent dome and

a compressor, wherein the electrolysis unit has electrodes and is connected to an oxygen liquefaction unit through a compressor with the ability to divert oxygen into sea water and supply liquid oxygen to a liquid hydrogen and oxygen dispensing point through a liquid oxygen storage center, and the hydrogen liquefaction unit is able to supply liquid hydrogen to receiving point for storing liquid hydrogen through a compressor. Moreover, a wind power plant, a photovoltaic station, a hydroelectric plant, a fuel chemical element station, storage batteries are connected through a device for regulating and distributing electric energy to a pump, a low-temperature electric heater, compressors, electrodes, a unit for liquefying hydrogen and oxygen. And the energy complex, deep sea water intake unit, sea water treatment complex, processing and pumping unit are located on pontoons mounted on anchors or on a platform mounted on piles. The utility model is illustrated in figure 1, where:

1- energy complex (EC);

P - block deep water intake (BZGV);

Ш - sea water processing complex (KPMV);

IV- processing and re-processing unit of processed products (BOP);

V-ground (receiving) complex (NPK); 1- filter (Ф);

2- deep-water intake pipe (HRT);

3- wind power installation (wind turbine);

4- photovoltaic station (FES);

5- hydroelectric installation (GEM);

6 rechargeable batteries (AB);

7 - fuel-chemical element station (THES);

8-device regulation and distribution of electrical energy (OAI); 9-receiving compartment (ON);

10-vacuum pump (VN);

11 - translucent dome (SPK);

12- bath deserodorodization DS);

13-low-temperature electric heater (NTEN);

14- compressor (K);

15 - translucent dome (SPK);

16- electrolysis bath (EV);

17-electrodes (ED);

18- compressor (K);

19- compressor (K);

20 photolizer (VL);

21 is a container for collecting crystalline sulfur (ECC); 22 - a hydrogen receiver (PV);

23 - hydrogen liquefaction unit (BSV);

24- compressor (K);

25- oxygen liquefaction unit (BSK);

26- compressor (K);

27- receiving point for storing liquid hydrogen (PPHV);

28 - dispensing station of liquid hydrogen and oxygen (RSVK);

29- liquid oxygen receiver (111IK);

30- anchor (I);

31- pool deserovodorodizatsii (BSV);

32-electrolysis unit (EU);

I - the energy complex is designed to receive electrical energy, store and distribute it to various consumers. Sources of electrical energy at MES are:

wind power installation 3 (wind turbine), for example, of rotary type, generating energy from the movement of air (wind) at a speed of 0.5 to 25 m / s, while the electrical power of the installation can be up to 10 kW. There can be several such installations, depending on the required MES needs. Wind power plants of this type are mastered by domestic industry and are mass-produced;

Photovoltaic station 4 (FES) generates electrical energy based on the conversion of solar energy by photocells mounted on a flat wire mesh panel installed normally with respect to the sun's rays. The location of the shield changes automatically in accordance with the change in the angle of incidence of sunlight. With a shield area of 10 m, electrical energy of the order of 10 kW can be removed from it. As in the case of wind turbines, there can be several such installations installed in the form of a package of parallel shields with photocells;

hydroelectric installation 5 (GEM), which generates electrical energy using the kinetic energy of moving sea water, for example, ebb-tide or marine undercurrents. Converting the energy of moving water into electric energy is possible using Gorlov's helicoidal turbines, which allow electric energy at low specific powers of the water flow. Turbines can be installed in the form of a network located under water at depths of several tens of meters from the surface of the water. A pilot installation of such a network, built by the Gulf Stream Energy company in the Strait of Florida, is designed to produce 30 megawatts of energy;

fuel-chemical element station 7 (THES), consisting of hydrogen-generating elements that convert the chemical energy of hydrogen combustion

in air in the presence of TBq) floro polymer electrolyte into electrical energy. At the Institute of Hydrogen Energy, a block of elements with a capacity of 10 kW was developed; for this block to work, a supply of hydrogen and air is necessary. At the proposed MES, the fuel-chemical element station runs on hydrogen coming from the sea water treatment complex III through photolizer 20;

the electric energy storage unit 6 is necessary for the continuous operation of the energy unit. The use of electric energy accumulators makes it possible to store it at the peaks of the energy generated by sources 3.4 and 5 and evenly distribute it among consumers. As batteries can be used, for example, capacitor banks of high capacity, with the ability to fast charge and increased (up to 5 years) service life. All sources of electrical energy have electrical connections with the device for regulation and distribution of energy 8 (OAI). For the first time, several autonomous electrical sources were used at the MES, which makes it possible to increase the independence of the MES from weather, time of year and day, and also generate energy to provide other facilities both at sea and on shore;

device for regulating and distributing electric energy 8, is intended to coordinate the parallel operation of various sources (3,4,5,6) and convert the generated energy to the type that most meets the requirements of energy consumers located at MES. Electric energy is supplied from the OCR 8 to the vacuum pump 10, the low-temperature electric heater 13, the electrodes 17, the compressors 14,18,19,24,26, the hydrogen liquefaction unit 23 and the oxygen liquefaction unit 25, as well as to illuminate the marine environmental station, domestic needs, signaling etc. Communication data are not shown in the figure. Energy complex I can be installed on several pontoons fixed on anchors or on a platform mounted on piles.

П - a deep-water intake block, consisting of a mechanical strainer 1 and a partitioned intake pipe 2 with a total length of more than 140 m, is intended for transporting sea water saturated with hydrogen sulfide from depths, for example, 140 and more meters, while it is supplied to hold the pipe in a vertical position an anchor anchor 30 connected to a mechanical filter; the pipeline is made of reinforced composite materials and consists of 10-meter sections screwed together; the upper end of the assembled pipeline is fixed in the receiving compartment 9 bath desulphurization 12.

The seawater treatment complex Ш includes a desulfurization pool 31 and an electrolysis unit 32.

KOMB is designed to produce the final product i.e. hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, sea salt and other products.

Hydrogen and oxygen are obtained in two states - gaseous and liquid. Hydrogen gas is used to power the TPP 7, as well as to the hydrogen liquefaction unit 23, from where it is transported through pipelines to the receiving point for storing liquid hydrogen 27.

The obtained gaseous oxygen is used for the first time to treat the water of the Black Sea, for which it is sent through pipelines to the water. Pipes are not shown. Liquid oxygen is piped to a receiving point 29.

The resulting sulfur is collected in a container for collecting crystalline sulfur 21 for its further processing.

In addition to the receiving compartment 9 and the desulfurization bath 12, the desulfurization pool 31 includes a vacuum pump 10, a translucent dome 11 for collecting hydrogen sulfide, a low-temperature electric heater 13, u) designed to heat sea water in the bath 12 to a predetermined temperature, in order to separate hydrogen sulfide. In addition, a compressor 14 is installed here for pumping hydrogen sulfide into the photolizer 20.

In daylight, water is heated due to the light energy of the sun entering through the translucent dome 11.

Sea water from KOMV Ш through a pipeline flows by gravity into the electrolysis bath 16.

Electrolysis unit 32 is designed to produce gaseous hydrogen and oxygen. The EU consists of an electrolysis bath 16, electrodes 17, a translucent dome with a partition 15, compressors 18 for pumping hydrogen gas and 19 for pumping gaseous oxygen.

Oxygen and hydrogen accumulate during the electrolysis of sea water, respectively, in the region of the cathode and anode, whence they are released in a gaseous form into a translucent dome 15. In order to avoid mixing, the translucent dome 15 is divided by a partition that reaches the surface of the water in the bath 16.

The processing and pumping unit (seawater processing products) IV is intended for a deeper treatment of the resulting hydrogen sulfide, oxygen and hydrogen. It consists of a photolizer 30, a salt collection tank 21, a hydrogen receiver 22, a hydrogen liquefaction unit 23, compressors 24 and 26, an oxygen liquefaction unit 25, pipelines.

Photolizer 20 is a known device where ultrasound is applied to incoming hydrogen sulfide, created for example by special quartz lamps. Under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, hydrogen sulfide decomposes into hydrogen gas and crystalline sulfur. Hydrogen gas is supplied to the Toshno-chemical element station 7 and

a hydrogen receiver 22. The precipitated crystalline sulfur is collected in a container for collecting crystalline sulfur 21 by mechanical means.

The hydrogen receiver 22 represents a reservoir in which hydrogen is collected from the photolizer 20 and the electrolysis unit 32.

In the hydrogen receiver 22, the gas is drained, for example, using silica gel or another sorbent.

As a unit for liquefying hydrogen 23, a known device is used. It is connected by a pipeline to a compressor 24, which pumps liquid hydrogen to a receiving point for storing liquid hydrogen 27 through an underwater pipeline.

As the oxygen liquefaction unit 25, a known device is used, a gas pipeline and a pipeline are connected to it. The pipeline goes to compressor 26, and the gas pipeline is lowered into the water to aerate the water area of the MES location.

A necessary addition to the MES is the ground receiving complex V, which includes the receiving point for storing liquid hydrogen 27 and oxygen 29, as well as a dispensing station for liquid hydrogen and oxygen 28, on which green fuel is dispensed for cars and liquid oxygen cylinders.

MES operates as follows.

Energy complex I generates electrical energy from natural environmental factors (solar radiation, air and sea movement and the chemical energy of hydrogen oxidation in air) in an autonomous mode. The unevenness in the energy production by individual sources, associated with the change of time of day, weather conditions and time of the year, is compensated by the use of rechargeable batteries 6. The generated energy by energy complex I is supplied to consumers through OPS 8. New in the work of EC I is the combination of different devices and electrical indicators of sources to the system of consumers located here at the MES.

The main consumers are BSV 31, EU 32, BOP IV, as well as office premises and instrumentation installed on MES units.

The purpose of energy consumers is the first time deep processing of sea water is used to extract dissolved hydrogen sulfide from it, to produce environmentally friendly fuel (hydrogen), as well as valuable chemical products: oxygen and crystalline sulfur.

Of particular ecological significance, in particular, for the Black Sea basin, is the MES-carried out desulfurization of deep waters.

It is carried out by taking sea water from a depth with the highest content of hydrogen sulfide (HiS), i.e., from a depth of more than 140 m from the surface.

The intake is made through a filter 1, a deep-water intake pipe 2, a receiving compartment 9, by creating a vacuum (for example, 0.7 ... 0.8 atmospheres) with a vacuum pump 10, which ensures the free flow of deep-sea water into the desulfurization bath 12. The volume of water in the GVA 12 is determined by the capacity of energy sources, as well as the needs for final products of processing.

Water in the GVA 12 is heated by solar radiation through a translucent dome 11, and at night by a low-temperature electric heater 13. Here, composite electric heaters without contact with seawater are used for the first time. The hydrogen sulfide released as a result of heating the water is collected in the SGH P, where a vacuum is created by the compressor 14, which pumps the hydrogen sulfide into the photolizer 20.

Water, after removing hydrogen sulfide from it, flows by gravity (due to the difference in bath levels 12 and 16) to the electrolysis unit 32 and enters the electrolysis bath 16 through an adjustment device (not shown in the drawing).

In the electrolysis bath 16, electrolysis of sea water is carried out using a constant low-voltage voltage at the electrodes 17, one of which is the anode and the other is the cathode. In accordance with the polarity of the electrode, gaseous hydrogen and oxygen are accumulated on them, which is collected in the SEC 15, separated by a partition, in an electrolyte (seawater). New in this process is the installation of a translucent dome 15, which provides the use of solar energy to intensify electrolysis.

Electrodes are made of composite materials (carbon plastics) resistant to aggressive gases and electrolyte components. Hydrogen and oxygen are sucked out of the compartments of SPK 15 by compressors 18 and 19 and sent to a hydrogen receiver 22 and an oxygen liquefaction unit 25. The BSK 25 provides for the removal of part of gaseous oxygen into water under pressure through diffusers (dispersing devices) to clean the water area of the MES from organic pollutants . Perhaps the direction of the flow of oxygen and its dispersion in resort areas.

Hydrogen sulfide, which enters from the BSV 31 into the photolizer 20, is exposed to a powerful ultraviolet ray stream and decomposes into hydrogen gas and high purity pore-like crystalline sulfur. Ultrasonic radiation is created by quartz gas-light lamps with high efficiency (in terms of light).

Sulfur is mechanically poured from the photolizer 20 by means of a vibrating conveyor (not shown in the figure) into ECC 21, and hydrogen gas enters the thermal power station 7 and hydrogen receiver 22. Hydrogen from the EU 32 also arrives there. After drying the hydrogen, using desiccants, it

enters the hydrogen liquefaction unit 23. After hydrogen liquefaction, it is supplied via a compressor 24 via an underwater pipeline to the ground (receiving) complex V.

Oxygen from EU 32 is also supplied to BSK 25 and after liquefaction using compressor 26 through an underwater pipeline it is supplied to the ground (receiving) complex V.

The creation of MES and its operation allows us to solve a number of environmental and economic problems in a comprehensive manner. Environmental tasks include deserting and hydrogenation of the Black Sea basin, cleaning coastal areas from organic pollutants and obtaining environmentally friendly fuels for use in land transport of coastal (especially resort) cities.

Economic tasks include obtaining inexpensive chemical raw materials - sulfur and sea salt, as well as oxygen for construction, industrial and medical purposes.

The creation of a significant number of MES along the coast will significantly improve the environmental situation in the Black Sea basin and increase the number of tourists and tourists.

A high concentration of environmentally friendly sources and consumers of energy is useful from the point of view of training and practical training of future environmental specialists.

Mass production of MES will give a significant impetus to scientific and technological progress to improve the device and reduce the cost of environmentally friendly energy sources, including the creation of environmentally friendly transport.

MES is a completely new type of environmental enterprise of the 21st century due to its inherent characteristics. These include a high degree of legal independence since its activities are based on the use of public property: the sea territory, natural factors, sea water, solar energy, the hydrosphere, and the atmosphere belonging exclusively to the state. It should also include its exceptional economic independence - because its activity is practically independent of the activity of the external environment and it produces environmental products independently without supplying raw materials and energy from outside. And finally, the MES operates in a closed cycle in failure-free mode, i.e. does not harm the environment, but rather contributes to its improvement.

Claims (3)

1. Marine ecological station, consisting of an energy source, an electrolysis bath for producing hydrogen from sea water, a hydrogen liquefaction plant, connecting pipelines, characterized in that wind power plants, a photovoltaic station, a hydroelectric plant, a fuel and chemical element station are used as an energy source , with the possibility of using hydrogen as fuel, rechargeable batteries, and the deep-water intake block consists of a deep-water intake pipe water, with the filter held by the anchor at a given depth, the second end of the deepwater intake pipe being connected to the desulfurization pool containing a receiving compartment, a vacuum pump, the receiving compartment being connected to a desodorization bath and having a low-temperature electric heater, a translucent dome, and a compressor with the ability to transfer hydrogen sulfide in a photolizer, which has the ability to select crystalline sulfur in a container for collecting crystalline sulfur, and hydrogen in the fuel and chemical element a station and a hydrogen liquefaction unit through a hydrogen receiver, which, in addition, receives hydrogen from the electrolysis unit through a translucent dome and a compressor, the electrolysis unit having electrodes and connected to the oxygen liquefaction unit through a compressor with the possibility of oxygen removal to seawater and the supply of liquid oxygen to a liquid hydrogen and oxygen dispensing point through a liquid oxygen storage point, and a hydrogen liquefaction unit is able to supply liquid hydrogen to a liquid liquid storage point th hydrogen through the compressor.  2. Marine ecological station according to claim 1, characterized in that the wind power installation, photovoltaic station, hydroelectric installation, fuel-chemical element station, batteries are connected through a device for regulating and distributing electric energy with a vacuum pump, low-temperature electric heater, compressors, electrodes, hydrogen and oxygen liquefaction unit. 3. Marine ecological station according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy complex, deep water intake unit, seawater treatment complex, processing and pumping unit are located on pontoons mounted on anchors or on a platform mounted on piles.