RU2792138C1 - Combined unit for bioreclamation of unused agricultural land in the steppe, chernozem, dry steppe, semi-desert zones - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: unit including a self-propelled base chassis with a three-section frame, comprising: two wheel pairs installed on each frame section, blocks of a wheel-caterpillar undercarriage system with a triangular enclosing and twin wheels on blocks, a bracket on the inner side of the frame of the block with a trunnion on the torsion shaft, outgoing from the frame of the unit. The first section of the frame contains a flip front manipulator with a two-section boom and a frame handle, soil-cultivating machines, a front manipulator with blocks of vertical knives, an earthboards system, product pipelines, nozzles for applying liquid fertilizers, nozzles for laying a biologically active water-regulating organo-mineral screen (BAVE) behind the earthboards, a container for a mixture of BAVE components made of montmorillonite, kaolin clay, organic fertilizers, microelements, vertical blades with parabolic racks, wedge-shaped blades, earthboards for supplying soil to the plow ridge, a subsoil leveling mechanism, a milling machine with a soil thrower, an ejector, nozzles, a compressor, a soil container with dispensers for soil supply to macro-depressions via a hollow vertical blade, a mechanism for automatically regulating the switching of flows and volumes of soil into the product pipelines of vertical blades, a three-seater cabin with a mechanism for moving in the transverse plane and headlights, sensors for diagnosing the status of working elements and the internal combustion engine, GLONASS receiver, PC, control panel, ECU, air conditioner, heater, video monitors for surveillance of the working area and equipment. The first section of the frame contains a container with liquid organic fertilizers, a dispenser, a pump, an ejector, product pipelines, fertilizer flow dividers with a mechanism for pneumatic introduction into the subsurface soil layer through nozzles. The second frame section of the unit contains ameliorants tank, attachments for ameliorants application, dispensers, branch pipes, a compressor, a full-rotation manipulator with a telescopic boom and two handles, a double-disk cutter with counter-rotating disks and a pneumatic ejector with a slotted receiver of crushed vegetation, a storage tank for crushed organic matter, a product pipeline to the flow mixer, a locking device, a product pipeline to the tank of BAVE components, a double-jaw bucket for loading of process materials into the tanks from storage sites, an internal combustion engine with a pumping station for driving of running system, working bodies, power generators with supply of power to devices and lighting, chipper-disk crushing equipment for cut greenery and pieces of trunks or branches, grinder and mill of technological material, pump. Under the second section of the frame there is a moldboard leveler of the soil surface, slot-cutting knives, brackets for fastening of ameliorant nozzles. Between the frame sections of the combined unit there is a controlled articulated joint. The third section of the frame comprises a container of NPK mineral fertilizers, a pump, an ejector, pipelines to the seeder coulters, dispensers, flow dividers for bulk fertilizers, nozzles for surface application, a container with an aqueous solution of microorganisms, product pipelines, coulters, nozzles for fertilizer drilling, a compressor, a slit sealer with seed bed compactor, seed bed compactors, sand tank, fine seed mixer with coarse sand, product pipelines, container with seed tanks, three pneumatic seed drills with coulters for row and inter-row drilling and a riser with a bracket, swiveling nozzle for jet seeding mixture on the stubble between adjacent passages of the combined unit, a slatted roller for compacting the soil with stubble and seeds burying.

EFFECT: invention provides reduction of terms of melioration of degraded agricultural land not used in agricultural production, soil saturation with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, increase of agricultural land productivity and subsequent water-saving rainfed cultivation of agricultural crops.

5 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the bioreclamation of unused agricultural land in the steppe, black earth, dry steppe, semi-desert zones, to the field of agricultural engineering and will find application in restoring soil fertility on waterlogged, eroded, deflated, saline-alkaline agricultural lands.

The essence of the problem lies in the fact that at present large areas (130 million hectares) of arable land, meadows and pastures have undergone degradation and, in order to restore fertility and the functioning of waterlogged, eroded, deflated, saline-alkaline agricultural lands, unused meadows, arable land and fallow pastures, along with the removal of groundwater and soil deoxidation, it is required to preserve organic matter in the soil layer, carry out subsoil leveling of the soil, zero tillage of arable land and hayfields with the introduction of an aqueous solution with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms into the soil, the introduction of an ameliorant into the layers of soil and subsoil soil, creation of conditions for the accumulation of water reserves at different depths, an excess of mineral NPK fertilizers that regulate the nutrition and development of the root mass of plants, which will increase the productivity of reclaimed rainfed lands.

A known method of planning and tillage before sowing and a combined tool for its implementation (SU, patent of the invention No. 1762772, A01B 49/06, bull. No. 35, published on 09/23/1992), including the processing of the surface soil layer by the value of the adjacent depth of cutting after preliminary water saturation of the arable layer of the soil and additional moistening of the soil during cutting with its simultaneous water-air chipping and before the final tillage of the soil for sowing, solutions of chemicals, biomeliorants and herbicides are applied to the planned strip. The disadvantage of the method and the combined tool is the impossibility of using it on rainfed lands, the inoperability of the combined unit on lands with vegetable tussocks, stones and shrubbery, as well as the need for additional passes of single-function machines along the planned soil surface for applying organic fertilizers, sowing seeds and post-sowing compaction of the soil.

A known method of primary tillage of unused and non-reclaimed lands (CN - China, patent of invention No. CN106105470A 2016-11-16, IPC A01B 79/02, application CN 201610594550 A dated 2016-07-26), including: land clearing with a combined tool from wood waste, removal of vegetation, debris with the formation of a beacon working strip from which the soil is preliminarily piled up, the exposed soil surface is planned, fertilizers are applied to the soil roller and it is moved back to the exposed soil, followed by leveling the soil surface and sowing or planting plants. The disadvantage of this method is the lack of disposal of wood residues, removal or processing of collected garbage, the inability to apply on soils in the zone of wind erosion, excessive moisture and low bearing capacity.

Known combined machine for soil preparation, collection of stones and processing of plastic film (CN - China, Pat. Invention No. CN10695439370 A dated 2017-07-18, IPC A01B 49/04, A01B 43/00, application CN201710319062A dated 2017-05-08 ) including a frame, a reversible drive of working bodies, a leveler of the soil surface, a shaft with spirally arranged beaters with a stone thrower and a film grinder with a clod-crushing rake, as well as a conveyor with a mesh belt to the stone accumulator. The disadvantage of the combined machine is the need for preliminary removal of herbaceous and woody vegetation, the construction of a network of channels for the discharge of surface water runoff, the lack of preparation of stones for disposal or removal from agricultural land.

Known combined tillage machine (SU, patent of invention No. 1072830, IPC A01V 49/06, BPMI. No. 6, 15.02.1984) including a self-propelled tracked chassis with frontally mounted vertically cutting soil discs and horizontally cutting working bodies, as well as mounted on its frame a water hopper with fertilizer, a conveyor with a soil layer chopper, pitched boards, a seed hopper and seed pipes. The disadvantage of the machine is the impossibility of working on meadows and pastures in the zone of excessive moisture, on rain-fed eroded, deflated, saline lands and on those not used in agricultural production in the presence of shrubs, stumps, low forests, lack of: adjustment of gaps between the conveyor, pitched boards and seed pipes; unloading and clogging with turf between them, requiring laborious cleaning of pieces of turf between them; as well as the introduction of chemical ameliorants and deep loosening.

A device for a sowing combine (RU, patent of invention No. 2430498, IPC A01V 49/06, BPMI. No. 28, 10.10.2011) is known, containing a basic two-frame wheeled chassis with a front-hung container for liquid fertilizers, a central rear trailed section of tillage and sowing equipment , two lateral similar sections, in which double-sided lancet coulters, spring harrows and press wheels are installed on the working bodies. The advantage of the sowing combine is the application of liquid fertilizers under the soil layer, uniform distribution of the mass of the combine on the wheels of the base chassis, the ability to quickly transfer sections to the transport position, as well as the implementation of stubble sowing of seeds. The disadvantage of the device of the sowing combine is the lack of capacity and product pipelines for the surface and undercover application of chemical ameliorants to the soil and subsoil, as well as the absence of subsoilers that form gaps for the accumulation of excess water and the removal of toxic salts and products of chemical reactions.

A device of a combined tool for deep tillage (RU, utility model patent No. 109633 MPK A01V 49/02, BPMI. No. 30, 10/27/2011) is known, containing a triangular frame with attached working bodies-ripper, support wheels, depth regulator processing, a hinge, an additional frame on which disk batteries are pivotally fixed, cutouts in the form of isosceles triangles are made on the blades of round disks, and a hopper, a dosing device with flexible fertilizer ducts are installed on the rear of the triangular frame, and the racks of the working bodies-rippers are equipped with cheeks fixed on the rear part with the ability to move in height h from 25 to 40 cm relative to the toe of the working body, flexible fertilizer ducts are connected at one end to the dosing device, and at the other end are fixed with cheeks on the back of the stand of the working body-ripper, the dosing device is driven by means of a chain transmission from an additional drive wheel mounted on a triangular frame. The disadvantage of the utility model is strip subsoil slotting with the introduction of an ameliorant at the bottom of the slot, which excludes the penetration of chemical reagents into the inter-pitched pillars of saline soil above the bottom of the slot, disk grinding of the surface supra-salt soil layer causes the formation of erosion-hazardous soil aggregates, which will increase the degree of degradation of agricultural land, lack of drainage and accumulation of products of chemical reactions by salt-tolerant plants without installing a seeder on the frame of a combined tool increase the duration of accelerated grassing of lands not used in agricultural production.

A device is known for a combined unit for longline processing of saline lands with oversowing of seeds (RU, patent of invention No. 2618097, IPC A01V 49/06, A01V 13/14, BPMI. No. 13, 02.05.2017), containing a self-propelled base chassis with a three-section frame with placed on the first section of the frame of the soil-cultivating machine, including a manipulator with a flip telescopic boom, at the end of its second section, a front blade is mounted, a three-section disc-cutting device is fixed to them, on the first section of the boom there is an additional frame with fixed blocks of the separating grid and a movably fixed battery of double-sided lancet paws with hollow racks connected through a pump by a pipeline with a tank for liquid manure, and on the second section of the frame there is a tank for manure with a locking device on the product pipeline, a tank for water, a movable additional frame with a mechanism for deepening a tiered volumetric deep-ripper, made with hollow parabolic racks and connected at that, dispensers, product pipelines in racks and under the dumps are connected with a pump and a container for liquid or pulverized ameliorants, fixed on the third section of the frame, in addition, on the third section of the frame there is a container for a solution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, three sections of pneumatic seeders with dispensers and distribution heads connected to the product pipelines fixed on the rear side of the racks with chisels and with seed bed openers in the slot behind the disc coulter, behind the coulter racks there is a packing device, made including a two-beam small and a chain harrow. The disadvantage of the invention is the impossibility of preserving the stubble and the cover layer of soil to eliminate the possibility of wind and water erosion, the implementation of biological soil cultivation with the introduction of an organomineral fertilizer layer, a solution with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in a gap on the stubble or in the sod.

A known method of bioreclamation of degraded rainfed lands, (RU, patent of the invention No. 2589224, IPC A01V 79/02, A01V 13/14, C09K 101/00 BPMI No. 19, 07/10/2016,), including: creating a thin 0 in the soil layer, 02 ... 0.07 m of a layer of liquid manure, the formation of a water-regulating screen in the subsoil layer that is impermeable during precipitation and permeable by plant roots during a drought, conducting a survey of the site, a strip of different depths from 0.65 to 1.0 m, preliminary longline loosening of the soil and at an angle to its direction the main processing of the layer of stripes. The strips are processed with a combined unit with a non-moldboard, depth-adjustable cutting of the top soil layer, simultaneous processing of the underlying soil layer and subsoil soil with the introduction of a chemical ameliorant onto the separated lumps. A layer of liquid manure is formed in the cavity between the cut soil layer and the treated one with the introduction of an ameliorant. In this case, the water-regulating screen is laid in the form of two symmetrical mating layers with a curved surface and an excess of the mating level above the edge level. Strip cultivation of plants is carried out on the cultivated strip, sowing a mixture of seeds above the screen with the simultaneous introduction of loose phosphorus and potassium mineral fertilizers, a solution with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms into the soil. The disadvantage of this method and the combined unit is the indentation between adjacent treated strips with water control screens with a width of 3.3 m to 5.25 m, which is 1.1 - 1.5 of the length of the horizontal capillary moisture transfer, while maintaining the degenerated herbage and performing undercover volumetric longline loosening soil with a bottom profile, along which it is required to move excess water with products of chemical reactions under a water-regulating screen into a deep slot on a strip with halophytes.

A known method of bioreclamation of unproductive meadows and degraded arable land of irrigation systems (RU, patent of invention No. 2691572 IPC A01B 79/02, A01G 25/00, BPMI. No. 17, 06/14/2019), including pre-project surveys containing the use of a geographic information system, obtained boundaries and types of degradation on soil spots when using a laser scanning system - lidar with geo-referenced and using sonar for geophysical non-excavation determination of the depth of transitions of soil horizons, development and transmission to the control processor of programs for switching on and off the supply of technological material to the working bodies of the combined unit. A self-propelled combined unit performs targeted tillage with sowing on the wings and between them a mixture of seeds with their incorporation, laying a layer of an organo-mineral fertilizer mixture into the soil or into the subsoil horizon of a discontinuous three-section tiered organo-mineral yudoreregulating screen. Slots are cut in the cover layer to a depth of up to 0.08 m with zero tillage with the introduction of a dispersed ameliorant into the slot and onto the inter-slot surface of the soil. The targeted application of mineral NPK fertilizers or herbicides, or phosphogypsum is carried out into the bud-deepened boundary horizon of the soil with the underlying soil and simultaneous subsequent peeling, mulching of the soil and the formation of a water screen 0.15 ... 2.5 mm thick over the no-tillage zone are carried out. After zero tillage with slotting, volumetric simultaneous tiered loosening is carried out with laying an active intermittent three-section tiered organo-mineral water-regulating screen on its bottom; Legumes are sown between the rows on the wings, halophytes are sown between the wings and adjacent passages. The disadvantage of this method is the risk of weathering of the soil and seeds from the treated scenes and the need for moisture-charging and vegetation irrigation, which is not acceptable on eroded, deflated, saline lands in the zone of wind erosion of the soil of dry steppe, chernozem, semi-desert, desert agricultural lands.

In addition, the above devices require preliminary regulation of the groundwater level for operation, they require the neutralization of chemical reaction products, a reduction in the cost of soil agro-reclamation survey of the site and an increase in the passability of the base chassis. To eliminate these shortcomings, the proposed device of the combined unit for bioreclamation of unused agricultural land in the steppe, chernozem, dry steppe, semi-desert zones, consisting of a self-propelled base chassis with a three-section frame of the combined unit with two wheel pairs installed on each frame section, containing blocks of a wheeled-caterpillar undercarriage system, can be eliminated. with a triangular stroke and twin wheels on the blocks, a bracket on the inner side of the frame of the block with a trunnion on the torsion shaft coming out of the frame of the unit, in addition, the first section of the frame contains a flip front manipulator with a frame handle, soil-cultivating machines, a front manipulator with vertical knives , dump system, product pipelines, nozzles for applying liquid fertilizers, nozzles for laying a biologically active water-regulating organic-mineral screen (BAWE) behind the dumps, a container for a mixture of BAE components from organic fertilizers, microelements, mon tmorillonite, kaolin clay, plant residues, sand, vertical knives with parabolic tines, wedge-shaped knives, dumps for supplying soil to the dump, a subsoil leveling mechanism with a device for maintaining a plane or a system of planes, a milling machine with a soil thrower, an ejector, branch pipes, a compressor, a soil container with dispensers for its supply to macro-depressions through a hollow vertical knife, a mechanism for automatically regulating the switching of flows and volumes of soil into the product pipelines of vertical knives and into the BAE mixture tank, a three-seat cabin with a mechanism for moving in the transverse plane and headlights, sensors for diagnosing the state of the working bodies and the internal combustion engine engine, GLONASS receiver, PC, control panel, computer, air conditioner, heater, video monitors for monitoring the working area and equipment, as well as the first section of the frame contains a container with liquid organic fertilizers or an aqueous ammonia solution with crushed herbaceous plants, a dispenser, a pump or a compressor, an ejector, product pipelines, fertilizer flow dividers with a mechanism for pneumatic application to the subsurface layer of soil through nozzles, and the second section of the frame of the unit contains a reservoir of ameliorants, nozzles for their application, dispensers, branch pipes, a compressor, a full-rotation manipulator with a telescopic boom and two handles, a double-disk cutter with counter-rotating disks and a pneumoejector with a slot-hole receiver for chopped vegetation, a storage tank for chopped organic matter, a product pipeline to the flow mixer, a locking device, a product pipeline to the BAVE component tank, a double-jaw bucket for loading process material into containers from storage sites, an internal combustion engine engine with a pumping station for the drive of the running system, working bodies, power generators with supply to devices, lighting, chopping-disk equipment for crushing cut greenery and pieces of trunks, branches, a chopper and a mill of technological material, a pump, under the second The frame section contains a moldboard leveler of the soil surface, slot-cutting knives, brackets for fastening nozzles for applying ameliorant, between the frame sections of the combined unit there is a hinged controlled joint, and the third frame section contains a container of NPK mineral fertilizers, a pump, an ejector, pipelines to the coulters of seeders, dispensers, dividers flow of bulk fertilizers, nozzles for surface application, a container with an aqueous solution of microorganisms, product pipelines, coulters, nozzles for row application, a compressor, a gap sealer with technological material and a water-filling roller for pre-sowing soil compaction, compactors for a bed of technological material or seeds, a mixer of small seeds with coarse-grained sand, product pipelines, a container with seed containers, one or three pneumatic seeders with coulters for row, inter-row seeding and risers, a bracket for rotary nozzles for jet seeding on stubble between adjacent passes of the combined unit, a slatted roller a soil remover with stubble and a seed embedder, while the unit includes a flip front manipulator with a two-section boom and a frame handle with a tillage machine located on it containing in the first row five non-drive blocks of flat disks with chisels on the perimeter, in the alignments between these blocks in the second row there are six driveless single wavy disks, and the alignments of the blocks of flat disks in the third row are four deep-ripper-rippers, while the extreme ones with the depth of processing the soil layer and the middle ones with the processing of the soil bordering the soil, and the front manipulator with the installation-movable blocks of vertical knives contains upper blades with knives for cutting the soil into the dump and nozzles for applying liquid fertilizers under the displaced soil layer, the second row of dumps raises the boundary layer of the soil above the subsoil leveling mechanism with cutting macro-elevations with a milling cutter with a soil thrower and includes an ejector, supply pipes through a hollow vertical knife a mixture of biologically active water-regulating organo-mineral screen is fed into the soil container with dispensers for its filling with nozzles into macrodepressions, and behind the third and fourth dumps, a mixture of biologically active water-regulating organo-mineral screen is fed through hollow vertical knives. A full-rotation manipulator with a telescopic boom on the first handle includes a wide-grip double-jaw bucket for loading technological material, picking up cut greenery, branches, trunks with feeding into the chipper-disk crushing equipment, including a grinder and a mill, the second handle contains a double-disk milling cutter with counter-rotating disks and pneumoejector with a slotted receiver of chopped vegetation, wherein the drive disks of the cutter have a reverse of changing the direction of rotation of cutting and grinding herbaceous plants into a pile and cutting the tops, branches, trunks of woody vegetation into a collapse, in addition, on the perimeter of the disks with a radius R and in cuts up to 0 deep ,85R saw blades are located, harpoon-shaped knives are located at the edges of the cutouts, on the end part of the discs there are spirally located double-sided knives perpendicular to the plane of the disc and radial blades with a diamond-shaped chisel fixed parallel to the plane of the disc, the cutter discs have overlap at a radius of 0.75 R. The sand tank on the third section of the frame with its mixer with fine seeds contains a riser with rotary nozzles for jet seeding of the mixture on the stubble between adjacent passages of the combined unit, in addition, the third section contains a tank of mineral fertilizers NPK and nozzles for their surface application, while the container with an aqueous solution of microorganisms is connected by a product pipeline with nozzles fixed on the inclined part of the stern of the frame of the unit.

The analysis of the patent and technical documentation did not reveal a similar implementation of the device for a combined bioreclamation unit of unused agricultural land in the steppe, black earth, dry steppe, semi-desert zones, showed that the invention is new, does not follow explicitly from the prior art.

The purpose of the proposed invention - the device is to accelerate the restoration of the effective functioning of degraded meadows, arable land, the preservation of existing organic substances in the cover layer, the production of cultivated soil with a supply of moisture and nutrients on reclaimed rainfed lands.

The technical result of the invention is a reduction in the time for reclamation of degraded agricultural land not used in agricultural production, subsoil leveling without soil churning and its reverse movement, zero tillage without its reverse plowing, soil saturation with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, which ensures an increase in the productivity of agricultural land and subsequent water-saving rainfed cultivation crops.

A new technical result from the use of the proposed device is achieved by the fact that pre-project surveys are carried out using a geographic information system (GIS), the results of soil agro-reclamation surveys of the site obtained with the integrated use of a laser scanning system and ground determination of the initial indicators of the state of degraded lands with the simultaneous introduction of the obtained data to geo-referenced magnetic media that speed up surveys, based on the results of which programs are prepared and digitally transmitted to the control processor of the combined unit, which allows targeted application of the ameliorant and automatic control of the depth of the vertical knives with the dump system when subsurface leveling is combined with a soil milling machine , zero and complex soil tillage with a tillage machine containing in the first row five non-drive units of flat discs with chisels on the perimeter in the second row, there are six driveless single wavy discs, in the third row there are four deep-ripper-rippers, while the extreme ones with the depth of processing the soil layer and the middle ones with the processing of the soil bordering the soil, and the use in the device of the proposed invention of supplying the components of a mixture of a biologically active water-regulating organo-mineral screen allow it to be laid through the cavities of vertical knives and the possibility of installing an ECU control unit, a GLONASS receiver, a PC, a control panel, video monitors for monitoring the working area and equipment, which ensures an increase and preservation of moisture and nutrient reserves.

The use of chipper-disk wood crushing equipment on the second section of the frame of the unit, including a grinder and a mill, makes it possible to load chopped wood pulp through a pneumatic product pipeline into a storage tank and combine it with grassy mass, sawdust, shavings in a pneumatic mixer and dosed into the tank BAWE mixture components with subsequent supply to a hollow vertical knife, which will ensure the utilization of the removed vegetation without transportation from the cultivated soil and reduce the possibility of its erosion from the wind.

Placement on the second section of the combined unit of a full-rotation manipulator with a telescopic boom on the first handle with a wide-grip double-jaw bucket allows the loading of technological material, the selection of cut greenery, branches, trunks with feed to the chipper-disk crushing equipment, and on the second handle there is a double-disk cutter with counter rotation disks and a pneumoejector with a slot-hole receiver of crushed vegetation, soil levelers and seeders ensure, during the period of soil cultivation, obtaining phytomaterial balanced in terms of nutritional qualities and subsequent cultivation of highly productive rainfed crops.

Placed on the third section of the frame, pneumatic seeders with dispensers and distribution heads, connected to product pipelines and row sowing stands with seed bed compactors and binary sowing nozzles on the soil surface between rows, provide fodder from drought-resistant halophytes in the wind erosion zone during the soil cultivation period.

The essence of the proposed invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the combined unit when placing the equipment in the working position, side view; in fig. 2 - diagram of the first section of the combined unit, side view; in fig. 3 - scheme of the tillage machine, general view; in fig. 4 - diagram of a milling cutter with hollow vertical knives and blades, transverse view; in fig. 5 - diagram of the disk of a two-disk cutter, general view; in fig. 6 - diagram of the second section of the combined unit, side view; in fig. 7 is a diagram of the third section of the combined unit, side view.

The drawings show the proposed device of the combined unit for bioreclamation of unused agricultural land in the steppe, chernozem, dry steppe, semi-desert zones, including a self-propelled base chassis with a three-section frame 1, 2, 3 (Fig. 1) of the combined unit 4 (Fig. 1) installed on each section of the frame, two wheel sets 5 (Fig. 1) containing blocks of the wheel-caterpillar running system 6 (Fig. 2) with a triangular stroke and twin wheels on the blocks 7 (Fig. 2), bracket 8 (Fig. 2), with the inner side of the block frame 7 with a trunnion on the torsion shaft 9 (Fig. 2) emerging from the frame of the unit 4, containing on the first section of the frame 1 a flip front manipulator 10 (Fig. 2) with a frame handle 11 (Fig. 2), tillage machines 12 (Fig. 2, 3), frontal manipulator 13 (Fig. 2) with vertical knives 14 (Fig. 2, 4), dump system 15 (Fig. 2, 4), product pipelines 16 (Fig. 2, 4) , nozzles 17 (Fig. 2) for applying liquid fertilizers, nozzles 18 (Fig. 2) for laying wells behind dumps 19 (Fig. 1, 2) biologically active water-regulating organo-mineral screen (BAVE), capacity 20 (Fig. 1, 2) for a mixture of BAVE components from montmorillonite, kaolin clay, organic fertilizers, microelements, vertical knives 21 (Fig. 2, 4) with parabolic racks 22 (Fig. 2), wedge-shaped knives 23 (Fig. 1), dumps 19 for supplying soil to the dump, a mechanism 24 (Fig. 2) for subsoil leveling, a milling machine with a soil thrower 25 (Fig. 2), an ejector 26 (Fig. 2), nozzles 27 (Fig. 2), compressor 28 (Fig. 2), container 29 (Fig. 2) of soil with dispensers 30 (Fig. 2) of its supply to macrolowering through a hollow vertical knife 14, mechanism (not shown in the drawing shown) automatic control of the switching of flows and volumes of soil into the product pipelines 16 of the vertical knives 14 and into the tank 20 of the BAVE mixture. The first section of the frame 1 contains a container 31 (Fig. 2) with liquid organic fertilizers, a dispenser 32 (Fig. 2), a pump 33 (Fig. 2) and a compressor 34 (Fig. 2), an ejector 35 (Fig. 2), product pipelines 36 (Fig. 2), dividers 37 (Fig. 2) of the fertilizer flow with a mechanism 38 (Fig. 4) for pneumatic application to the sub-cover layer of soil through nozzles 39 (Fig. 4). Cabin triple 40 (Fig. 1) is contained on the first section of the frame 1 with a mechanism 41 (Fig. 1) movement in the transverse plane with the placement of headlights 42 (Fig. 1), receiver 43 (Fig. 1) GLONASS, PC 44 (Fig. 2), control panel 45 (Fig. 2), computer 46 (Fig. 2), air conditioner 47 (Fig. 1), heater 48 (Fig. 2), monitor 49 (Fig. 1) video monitoring of the working area, equipment , output from the PC 44 readings to the monitor 49 from the sensors for diagnosing the state of the working bodies, the engine of the internal combustion engine. The second section of the frame 2 (Fig. 1, 6) of the unit 4 contains a container 50 (Fig. 6) ameliorants, nozzles 51 (Fig. 6) for their introduction, dispensers 52 (Fig. 6), nozzles 53 (Fig. 6), compressor 54 (Fig. 6), full-rotation manipulator 55 (Fig. 6) with a telescopic boom 56 (Fig. 6) and two handles 57 (Fig. 6), double-disk cutter 58 (Fig. 6) with counter-rotating disks 59 (Fig. 5, 6), pneumoejector 60 (Fig. 6) with a slotted receiver of chopped vegetation, a mixer 61 (Fig. 6) of the flow, a storage tank 62 (Fig. 6) of chopped organic mass, a product pipeline 63 (Fig. 6), a shut-off device 64 (Fig. 6), product pipeline 65 (Fig. 2, 6) to tank 20 (Fig. 1, 2) of BAE components, double-jaw bucket 66 (Fig. 1, 6) for loading technological material into the chipper-disk crushing equipment 67 (Fig. 1, 6) and containers 20 from storage sites, engine 68 (Fig. 6) ICE with pumping station 69 (Fig. 6) drive of the running system, working bodies, power generators with supply to appliances, lighting yu, contains chopping-disk equipment for crushing 67 cut greenery and segments of trunks, branches, a chopper 70 (Fig. 6) and a mill 71 (Fig. 6) of technological material, a pump 72 (Fig. 6), under the second section of the frame 2 there is a dump leveler 73 (Fig. 6) of the soil surface, slotted knives 74 (Fig. 6), brackets for fastening nozzles 75 (Fig. 6) introduction of ameliorant, between sections 1, 2, 3 of the frame of the combined unit 4 contains a hinged controlled connection 76 (Fig. 1), and a full-rotation manipulator 55 with a telescopic boom 56 on the first handle 57 includes a wide-cut double-jaw bucket 66 for loading technological material with the selection and feed into the chipper-disk crushing equipment 67, and the second handle 57 contains a double-disk cutter 58 with counter-rotation of the disks 59, while the drive disks of the cutter 58 have a reverse change in the direction of rotation of the cut and crushing herbaceous plants into a stall and cutting the tops, branches, trunks of woody vegetation into the collapse, in addition, on the perimeter of the disks 59 with a radius R (Fig. 5) in cutouts with a depth of 0.85 R, saw blades 77 are located . 5), on the edges of the cutouts there are harpoon-shaped knives 78 (Fig. 5), on the end part of the disks 59 in a spiral there are double-sided knives 79 perpendicular to the plane of the disk 59 (Fig. 5) and radial rack-blades with a diamond-shaped chisel 80 (Fig. 5 ) fixed parallel to the plane of the disk 59, and the disks 59 of the cutter 58 have an overlap at a radius of 0.75 R. In addition, the flip front manipulator 10 with a two-section boom 111 (Fig. 1, 2) on the tillage machine 12 contains in the first row five non-driven blocks 81 (Fig. 3) flat disks 82 (Fig. 1, 2, 3), with chisels 83 (Fig. 3) on the perimeter, in alignments b ₃ (Fig. 3) between these blocks 81 in the second row six driveless single wavy disks 84 (Fig. 3), and in the alignments b ₁ (Fig. 3) of blocks of flat disks 82 in the third row there are four deep-ripper-pullers 85 (Fig. 3), while the extreme ones with depth h ₁ (Fig. 3) processing soil layer and average h ₂ (Fig. 3) with the processing of soil bordering the soil, and the frontal manipulator 13 with mounting-moving blocks of vertical knives 14 and 21 (Fig. 1, 2) with parabolic racks 22 (Fig. 2) and with wedge-shaped knives 23 (Fig. 1), contains upper dumps 15 (Fig. 2, 4), soil supply to the dump, vertical knives 14 with dumps 19 and mechanism 24 (Fig. 2) subsoil leveling, milling machine with a thrower 25 (Fig. 2) soil, ejector 26 (Fig. 2), nozzles 27 (Fig. 2), compressor 28 (Fig. 2), tank 29 (Fig. 2 ) soil with dispensers 30 (Fig. 2), knives 23 for cutting the soil into a dump and nozzles 17 (Fig. 2) for applying liquid fertilizers under the displaced soil layer, the second row of dumps 19 raises the boundary layer of soil above the mechanism 24 of subsoil leveling with cutting macro-elevations by a milling machine with a soil thrower 25 and includes an ejector 26, pipes 27 supply through a hollow vertical knife 14 into a container 29 of soil with dispensers 30 of its filling with nozzles 18 into macro-depressions, and behind the third and fourth dumps 19 through hollow vertical knives 21 a mixture of biologically active water regulating organomineral screen.

The third section of the frame 3 contains a container 86 (Fig. 7) of NPK mineral fertilizers, a pump 87 (Fig. 7), an ejector 88 (Fig. 7), pipelines 89 (Fig. 7) of the flow of bulk fertilizers, nozzles 94 (Fig. 7 ) surface application, a sealer 100 (Fig. 7) of fertilizers and slots with technological material and a water-filling roller 101 (Fig. 7) of pre-sowing soil compaction, a container 95 (Fig. 7) with an aqueous solution of microorganisms, product pipelines 96 (Fig. 7) of supply behind the coulters 97 (Fig. 7) to the nozzles 98 (Fig. 7) of row application, fixed on the inclined part of the stern of the frame 3 of the unit 4.

Container 105 (Fig. 1, 7) with seed containers and container 110 (Fig. 1, 7) with coarse sand on the third section of the frame 3 with a mixer 103 (Fig. 1, 7) with small seeds, product pipelines 104 (Fig. 7), contains a compressor 99 (Fig. 7), a riser 106 (Fig. 7), a bracket 107 (Fig. 7) with rotary nozzles 108 (Fig. 7) for jet seeding of the mixture on the stubble between adjacent passes of the combined unit 4.

Three pneumatic seeders 91 (Fig. 7) for row, inter-row sowing through dividers 93 (Fig. 7) dispensers 92 (Fig. 7), product pipelines 104, behind the compactors 102 (Fig. 7) seed bed, feed seeds through a hollow coulter 90 (Fig. 7) for row sowing and in the block of nozzles 112 (Fig. 7) for inter-row sowing, the soil with stubble is compacted with a slatted roller 109 (Fig. 7) with seed embedding.

The proposed combined unit for bioreclamation of unused agricultural land in the steppe, black earth, dry steppe, semi-desert zones, on a base wheeled chassis 4 (Fig. 1), operates as follows:

As an example, consider the improvement of degraded agricultural land in the zone of water and wind erosion with shrubs, tussocks, sparse forest shrubs, mature single forest, strongly acidic soil and variegated layers of subsoil (changing the order of the layers and their thickness): loam, light kaolin clay, sandy loam, heavy montmorillonite clay, coarse sand, bentonite clay with gypsum layers.

On a reclaimed site with sparseness in the cover layer, strongly acidic soil and with patches of degradation after agro-reclamation survey, the obtained scan data are entered into the GIS database and on the magnetic medium of computer 44 (Fig. programs for automatically turning on and off its working bodies from the control panel 45 (Fig. 2.) when linking coordinates through the GLONASS code receiver 43 (Fig. 2.), transfer the program to the electronic control unit 46 (Fig. 2.) and import the combined unit 4 per plot. Frame sections 1, 2, 3 are connected and wheel pairs 5 are installed with blocks of the wheel-caterpillar undercarriage system 6 (Fig. 2) with a triangular stroke and twin wheels on blocks 7 (Fig. 2), a flip front manipulator 10 (Fig. 2) with a frame handle 11 (Fig. 2), tillage machines 12 (Fig. 2, 3), a frontal manipulator 13 (Fig. 2) with vertical knives 14, 21, a milling machine with a soil thrower 25 (Fig. 2), a full-rotation manipulator 55 (Fig. 6) with a telescopic boom 56 (Fig. 6) and two arms 57 (Fig. 6), a double-disk cutter 58 (Fig. 6) with counter-rotating disks 59 (Fig. 5, 6), a container 105 (Fig. 7) with seed containers, seeders 91 with coulters 90 and risers 106 (Fig. 7) with rotary nozzles 108, slatted roller 109 (Fig. 7). Load containers 20 (Fig. 1, 6), 29 (Fig. 2), 50, 110 (Fig. 7), container 31 (Fig. 2), container 105 (Fig. 7), seeder seed containers 91 with technological material.

Start the engine 68 (Fig. 6) ICE. Multi-section arrows 56, 111 manipulators 10, 13 (Fig. 2), 55 (Fig. 6) with working bodies 12, 14, 21, 25, 58, 73, 74 are transferred to the working position. When the machine moves, cutting of trunks, tops of forest shrubs and grinding of stumps and herbaceous plants with a double-disk cutter 58 (Fig. 6) with the selection of a double-jaw bucket 66 (Fig. 1, 6) and loading of technological material into the chipper-disk crushing equipment 67 (Fig. 1, 6) and containers 20 (Fig. 1, 2), 50 (Fig. 6) on lighthouse and transverse turning lanes. The manipulator 55 (Fig. 6) double-disk cutter 58 (Fig. 6) with chopping saw blades 59 (Fig. 5, 6) is moved to single medium and large bushes, trees, stumps on the lighthouse and adjacent adjacent strip, and the handle 57 of the manipulator 55 adjust the inclination of the plane of the saw-chipper disk 59 and set it at the height of cutting the tops, trimming branches, cutting trunks into segments, cutting stumps into chips and feed the rotating disk 59 into the wood with a reversible hydraulic motor, and the chopped chips, chips and sawdust through the receiving window of the pneumocasing and an additional pipe is fed through the pneumochip line into the storage tank 62 (Fig. 6) and the cut herbaceous vegetation into the mixer 61 (Fig. 6) of the crushed organic mass flow.

Between the cleared turning lanes for processing the lighthouse lane with the introduction of an ameliorant, a solution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, for example, strains of "mizorin" or "rhizotorphin", strain 425A or "Azolen-Zh", and removal of forest shrubs from the adjacent lane with utilization of wood chips, the control panel of the processor 45 is turned on (Fig. 2.) with an electronic control unit 46 (Fig. 2.) automatic switching on and off of the drive of working bodies 21, 25, 58, 73, 74, riser 106 (Fig. 7) with rotary nozzles 108 (Fig. 7) , start moving with the supply of technological materials and perform targeted processing of soil, grinding timber and grassy vegetation, when linking coordinates through the GLONASS code receiver 43 with the orbital GLONASS transmitting network and ECU 46 (Fig. 2), PC 44 (Fig. 2), and automatic control panel 45 (Fig. 2).

Targeted basic processing of degraded lands is performed while carrying out zero tillage with a tillage machine 12 (Fig. 2, 3), subsoil leveling with a mechanism 24 (Fig. 2) and a milling machine with a thrower 25 (Fig. 2) of the soil through an ejector 26 (Fig. 2 ), nozzles 27 (Fig. 2) into the container 29 (Fig. 2) of the soil with dispensers 30 (Fig. 2) and its supply to the macrodepression. Lay behind dumps 19 (Fig. 1, 2) fed through vertical knives 21 (Fig. 1, 2) with parabolic racks 22 (Fig. 2) from the container 20 (Fig. 1, 2) of a mixture of components of a biologically active water-regulating organo-mineral screen at its composition, vol. %: 25 ... 40 organic fertilizers, 4 ... 12 powdered montmorillonite with the trace element molybdenum, 15 ... 30 sand, 8 ... 12 plant residues with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, 9 ... 24 kaolin clay, 12 ... 6 bentonite. From the tank 95 (Fig. 7) with an aqueous solution of microorganisms connected to the product pipeline 96 (Fig. 7) and disc coulters 97 (Fig. 7) through the nozzles 98 (Fig. 7) of the ordinary application, a solution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms is introduced into the cleaned from grassy and woody vegetation soil. As nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, strains 425A of nodule bacteria - rhizotorfin and associative bacteria - mizorin and an aqueous solution of a plant growth accelerator - lentechnin are used.

From the container 105 (Fig. 7) with seed containers through the product pipeline 104 (Fig. 7), the seeds are fed into the mixer with sand and introduced into the strip between the passes of the unit, and from the containers of the pneumatic seeder 91 with coulters 90 for row sowing and inter-row surface sowing along stubble, close up the seeds with soil compaction with a slatted roller 109 (Fig. 7).

After the completion of the targeted tillage, the working bodies 12, 14, 21, 25, 58, 73, 74 are dug out and transferred to the transport position, the tank is washed 20 (Fig. 1, 6), 29 (Fig. 2), 50, 110 ( Fig. 7), container 31 (Fig. 2), container 105 (Fig. 7), the capacity of the seeds of the seeder 91 from the technological material, wheel 5 pairs of sections 1, 2, 3 of the frame are transferred to the transport position, the packing device is fixed with a slatted roller 109 (FIG. 7), move the combined unit 4 to the place of storage or maintenance.

Thus, the proposed combined unit for bioreclamation of unused agricultural land in the steppe, chernozem, dry steppe, semi-desert zones allows you to work on difficult terrain and restore degraded lands subject to wind erosion, perform subsoil leveling without soil churning and remove all tree and shrub vegetation from preservation of organic substances, humic acids in the soil layer, reduce labor costs and carry out targeted soil treatment with savings on ameliorants introduced and obtain deoxidized soil on reclaimed rainfed lands with a regulated supply of moisture and nutrients and reduces the time for restoration of the effective functioning of degraded agricultural lands.

Claims (5)

1. Combined unit for bioreclamation of unused agricultural land in the steppe, chernozem, dry steppe, semi-desert zones, characterized by the fact that it includes a self-propelled base chassis with a three-section frame, containing: stroke and twin wheels on blocks, a bracket on the inner side of the frame of the block with a trunnion on the torsion shaft emerging from the frame of the unit, in addition, the first section of the frame contains a flip front manipulator with a two-section boom and a frame handle, tillage machines, a front manipulator with blocks vertical knives, dump system, product pipelines, nozzles for applying liquid fertilizers, nozzles for laying a biologically active water-regulating organo-mineral screen (BAVE) behind the dumps, a container for a mixture of BAW components from montmorillonite, kaolin clay, organic fertilizers, microelements, vertical blades with parabolic tines, wedge-shaped blades, dumps for supplying soil to the dump, a mechanism for subsoil leveling of the soil, a milling machine with a soil thrower, an ejector, nozzles, a compressor, a soil tank with dispensers for its supply to macro-depressions through a hollow vertical knife, a mechanism for automatically regulating the switching of flows and volumes of soil into the product pipelines of vertical knives, a three-seat cabin with a mechanism for moving in the transverse plane and headlights, sensors for diagnosing the condition of the working parts and the engine of the internal combustion engine, a GLONASS receiver, a PC, a control panel, an ECU, an air conditioner, a heater, video surveillance monitors for the working area and equipment, and also the first section of the frame contains a container with liquid organic fertilizers, a dispenser, a pump, an ejector, product pipelines, fertilizer flow dividers with a mechanism for pneumatic application to the subsurface layer of soil through nozzles, and the second section of the frame of the unit contains a reservoir of ameliorants, nozzles for their application, dispensers, branch pipes, a compressor, a full-rotation manipulator with a telescopic boom and two handles, a double-disk cutter with counter-rotating disks and a pneumoejector with a slot-hole receiver for crushed vegetation, a storage tank for crushed organic matter, a product pipeline to the flow mixer, a shut-off device, a product pipeline to the BAVE components tank, a double-jaw bucket for loading technological material into containers from storage sites, an internal combustion engine with a pumping station for driving the running system, working bodies, power generators with supply to devices, lighting, chopping-disk equipment for crushing cut greenery and pieces of trunks, branches, a grinder and a technological mill material, a pump, under the second section of the frame there is a moldboard leveler of the soil surface, slot-cutting knives, brackets for fastening nozzles for applying the ameliorant, between the sections of the frame of the combined unit there is a hinged controlled connection, and on the third section and the frame contains a container of NPK mineral fertilizers, a pump, an ejector, pipelines to the coulters of seeders, dispensers, flow dividers for bulk fertilizers, nozzles for surface application, a container with an aqueous solution of microorganisms, product pipelines, coulters, nozzles for row application, a compressor, a gap sealer with technological material and water-filled roller for pre-sowing soil compaction, seed bed compactors, sand tank, small seed mixer with coarse sand, product pipelines, container with seed tanks, three pneumatic seeders with coulters for row, inter-row seeding and a riser with a bracket, a rotary nozzle for jet seeding of the mixture on stubble between adjacent passages of the combined unit, a slatted roller for compacting the soil with stubble and planting seeds. 2. Combined unit for bioreclamation of unused agricultural land in the steppe, chernozem, dry steppe, semi-desert zones according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a flip frontal manipulator with a two-section boom and a frame handle with a tillage machine located on it, containing five non-driven blocks in the first row flat discs with chisels on the perimeter, in the alignments between these blocks on the second row there are six driveless single wavy discs, and in the alignments of the blocks of flat discs in the third row there are four deep-ripper-pullers, while the extreme ones with the depth of processing the soil layer and the middle ones with the processing of the border with the soil soil. 3. Combined unit for bioreclamation of unused agricultural land in the steppe, chernozem, dry steppe, semi-desert zones according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a frontal manipulator with mounting and movable blocks of vertical knives, containing upper dumps with knives for cutting the soil into a dump and nozzles for applying liquid fertilizers under the displaced soil layer, the second row of dumps raises the boundary layer of soil above the soil leveling mechanism with cutting macro-elevations with a milling machine with a soil thrower and includes an ejector, pipes for supplying through a hollow vertical knife into the soil tank with dispensers for dumping it through nozzles into macro-depressions, behind the third and fourth dumps through hollow vertical knives serve a mixture of biologically active water-regulating organo-mineral screen. 4. Combined unit for bioreclamation of unused agricultural land in the steppe, chernozem, dry steppe, semi-desert zones according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a full-rotation manipulator with a telescopic boom and on the first handle contains a wide-grip double-jaw bucket for loading technological material, selecting cut woody greenery, cuts branches, trunks with feed to the chipper-disk crushing equipment, including a grinder and a mill, the second handle contains a double-disk cutter with counter-rotation of the disks and a pneumoejector with a slotted receiver of chopped vegetation, and the drive disks of the cutter have a reverse of changing the direction of rotation of the cut and grinding herbaceous plants in dumping and cutting of tops, branches, trunks of woody vegetation into collapse, in addition, saw blades are located on the perimeter of the disks with a radius R in cutouts up to 0.85R deep, harpoon-shaped knives are located on the edges of the cutouts, on the end part of the disco in a spiral contains double-sided knives perpendicular to the plane of the disk and radial rack-blades with a diamond-shaped chisel fixed parallel to the plane of the disk, the cutter disks have an overlap at a radius of 0.75R. 5. The combined unit for bioreclamation of unused agricultural land in the steppe, chernozem, dry steppe, semi-desert zones according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes on the third section of the frame a container with sand with a mixer with fine seeds, a riser with rotary nozzles for jet seeding of the mixture on stubble between adjacent passages of the combined unit, in addition, the third section contains a container of NPK mineral fertilizers and nozzles for their surface application, while the container with an aqueous solution of microorganisms is connected by a product pipeline to nozzles fixed on the inclined part of the stern of the unit frame.

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