RU2768035C1 - Feed supplement for calves during the milking period - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: feed production.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the production of feed for farm animals, in particular to a feed additive for rearing calves during the milk period. The additive contains 30% crushed pine needles, 20% dry beet pulp, 15% linseed cake, 25% glycerin, 8% finely divided charcoal, 1% salt and 1% sugar. Percentages are by weight. The additive is introduced into the diet of calves in the amount of 50 g per head per day from 1 to 5 months of age.

EFFECT: use of the invention will increase the average daily growth of calves.

1 cl, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the production of feed for farm animals and can be used as a feed additive for feeding dairy calves.

In ensuring the high productivity of farm animals, the leading role is given to the creation of a solid food base, the organization of their rational and complete feeding, based on knowledge of the needs of a growing organism for energy, nutrients, minerals, vitamins and other biologically active substances, taking into account their physiological state, level of productivity and target destination.

Mineral substances play an important role in the organization of good nutrition of young cattle. They are a structural material in the formation of tissues and organs, are part of organic substances, participate in the processes of respiration, hematopoiesis, digestion, absorption, synthesis, consumption and excretion of metabolic products from the body, are interconnected with the activity of many biologically active substances and generally affect the metabolism. substances and numerous physiological functions of the body.

At present, all over the world, including Russia, there is an intense search for alternative ways to replace synthetic feed additives with environmentally friendly natural feed additives in animal husbandry.

Known premix for calves [RF Patent 2471364. Publ. 01/10/2013 (1)], containing 304.5 g of dicalcium phosphate, 75.5 g of magnesium oxide, 304.5 g of table salt, 301.1 g of natural zeolites, 1.70 g of copper sulfate, 4.40 g of zinc sulfate, 4.79 manganese sulphate, 0.07 g basic cobalt carbonate, 0.26 g zeolite-stabilized potassium iodide containing 0.02 g potassium iodide, and 3.5 g Sel-Plex.

There is a premix for calves [RF Patent 2292159. Publ. 27.01.2007 (2)], including microadditives and a filler, bentonite clay and sugar production filter cake are used as a filler in a ratio of 3.07:1. The filler bentonite clay is prone to dust formation, is hygroscopic, requires special preparation, all this leads to an increase in the cost of this premix.

Common disadvantages of the known technical solutions is the imbalance in amino acid composition, which characterizes these premixes as ineffective.

Known feed additive for cattle containing mineral salts, activated sludge, meal of medicinal plants, fodder grits from phyllophora, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, carbonates of zinc and manganese, videin, table salt and fodder lignin in a certain ratio of components [USSR author's certificate No. 1837793, publ. 08/30/1993. Bull.32 (3)]. The disadvantage of the additive is the absence of a sorbent in the composition of the additive, which removes toxins from the feed.

Known mineral feed additive for farm animals containing flasks, crushed to the state of flour. The additive is prepared by crushing together with fodder grain to the state of flour at a ratio of flask concentrate and grain in the range of 1:10-1:100 [RF Patent No. 2134042, Publ. 08/10/1999 (4)]. The feed additive does not provide stimulation of animal body systems due to the lack of medicinal herbs in its composition. The disadvantage is the large rate of input of the sorbent - flasks in the feed - grain, which contributes to the removal of nutrients from the body of animals, which weakens it.

The closest technical solution chosen for the prototype is a standard premix containing filler, trace elements and vitamins [Norms and diets for feeding farm animals (reference guide) / Kalashnikov A.P., Fisinin V.I., Shcheglova V.V., Kleimenova N.I. - 3rd ed. revised and additional - M.: Russian Agricultural Academy, 2003, p. 380 (5)], bran is used as a filler.

The disadvantage of this premix is the lack of efficiency, low preservation of vitamins, short shelf life of the premix.

In Russia, various feed additives with the use of forest processing waste are widely used. In foreign countries, practical steps are being taken to involve forest resources in the forage balance, they are studying the possibilities of transferring deciduous farms to short cuts, breeding new breeds of livestock that can consume roughage, including wood, with great effect.

Therefore, the development of an optimal recipe and approbation of the feed additive formulation in the diets of calves during the milk growing period and the study of its effect on the indicators of digestibility of feed nutrients, growth rate and biochemical status of blood is relevant and is of particular interest for science and practical production.

The technical result of the invention is an increase in the relative and average daily growth of dairy calves, therefore, an increase in their live weight gain, livestock safety during the milk period.

Feed additive for rearing calves during the milk period containing 30% crushed pine needles, 20% dry beet pulp, 15% linseed cake, 25% glycerin, 8% finely fractionated charcoal, 1% salt and 1% sugar, is introduced in the amount of 50 g per head per day as part of the diet of calves from 1 to 5 months of age. Percentages are by weight.

To solve the tasks set in the production conditions of Kalinovskoye LLC, Chamzinsky municipal district of the Republic of Mordovia, a scientific and economic experiment was carried out on red-and-white calves from 1 to 5 months of age.

The formation of experimental groups of animals was carried out according to the principle of pairs of analogues, taking into account the breed, sex and age group, age, live weight, individual characteristics and origin. From the selected animals, 3 groups of 5 animals each were formed.

The staging live weight of calves for the experiments ranged from 51.4 to 51.8 kg, all animals were clinically healthy and kept under the same conditions. Feeding of young cattle was two times a day in all the studied age periods of the experiments. Rations, feeding schemes for experimental animals during the period of scientific and economic and balance experiments were compiled in accordance with the recommended detailed norms of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2003), taking into account their age, live weight, productivity and chemical composition of local feed. The main diet during the stall period consisted of whole milk, milk replacer, rump hay, corn silage, compound feed.

During the scientific and economic experiment, the experimental animals of the 1st experimental group, in addition to the main diet, received a daily feed supplement consisting of 30% pine needles, 10% dry beet pulp, 15% flaxseed cake and 45% glycerol in the amount of 50 g per head per head. day,

Experimental animals of the 2nd experimental group, in addition to the main diet, received a daily feed supplement consisting of 30% pine needles, 20% dry beet pulp, 15% linseed cake and 25% glycerin, 8% finely fractionated charcoal, 1% salt and 1 % sugar.

The feed additive was fed to experimental animals mixed with concentrated feed.

Balance experiments were carried out against the background of scientific and economic experiments according to the generally accepted VIZh method (I.S. Popov, 1966; M.F. Tomme, 1969; A.I. Ovsyannikov, 1967; 1976). Animals-analogues, characteristic of each experimental group, were kept on a leash, fed and excrement was collected from them individually.

The preliminary period of each experiment lasted 8-10 days, during which the animals were accustomed to the conditions of detention, daily records of their feeding were kept. In the next 7 days of the accounting period, daily individual records were made of the amount of food eaten and their residues, water drunk, feces and urine excreted.

The digestibility of feed nutrients is significantly affected by vitamins and mineral elements, from the deficiency of which digestive disorders are observed, caused by a violation of the motor and secretory functions of the digestive tract and a decrease in its tone. Feed digestibility is influenced by organic acids, protein hydrolysis products, etc. Feed digestibility also depends on some specific properties (taste, smell) associated with the animal's appetite. Intensive juice secretion and energetic motility of the digestive tract with tasty food contributes to better digestion of food. Feeding a variety of feeds in the diet helps to maintain a good appetite in animals, which contributes to better digestibility of nutrients. The growth and development of young cattle largely depends on the improvement in their absorption of the nutrients of the feed used, which depends on many factors: the individual characteristics of the animal, the direction of productivity, gender, age, physiological state, the technology of forage harvesting and their preparation for feeding, type and the structure of diets, the level and ratio of nutrients in them, the presence of biologically active and mineral substances. Inadequate feeding has a significant impact on productivity, feed efficiency. With a prolonged deficiency in the feed of substances necessary for life, animals develop various non-communicable diseases.

In this regard, we conducted studies to study the effect of different feed additive recipes on the digestibility of nutrients in three-month-old calves.

The conducted studies showed that during the study period in experimental animals of the 2nd experimental group, which received a feed additive of 50 g per head per day, an increase in the digestibility of dry and organic matter, crude protein, respectively, was noted by 5.12; 7.56; 5.59% than that of the analogues of the control group, who received the economic ration without energy feed additive and, accordingly, by 1.96; 1.72; 1.59 more in relation to the indicators of the 1st experimental group (Table 1).

Thus, feeding the feed additive to calves of the 2nd experimental group in the amount of 50 g per head per day helps to increase the digestibility of all nutrients, obviously achieved by stimulating digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract under the influence of the component composition of the feed additive entering the calves' body .

In the course of a scientific and economic experiment on calves, the effect of various feed additive formulations on their growth rate was studied. It was revealed that different formulations of energy feed additives in diets had a positive effect on the dynamics of live weight and average daily gains of calves.

It has been established that for the entire period of the experiment from the calves of the 2nd experimental group, an absolute increase in live weight of 96.6 kg was obtained, which is 6.9 and 3.4% higher than from analogues from the control and 1st experimental groups (Table 1). 2).

A similar trend was revealed in terms of average daily gain, the largest average daily gain was found in calves of the 2nd experimental group and amounted to 791.8 g during the growing period, which is 6.9 and 3.4% more than in the control and 1st experimental groups. (Table 3).

Thus, based on the analysis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that, against the background of the basic diet, feeding with different formulations of feed additives has a positive effect on the dynamics of live weight. Absolute and average daily gains are high in calves of the 2nd experimental group.

Blood plays an exceptional role in the body of animals, carrying out the most important property of living matter - metabolism. It performs a type of vital functions: nutritional, motor, protective, regulatory, maintaining water balance in tissues, regulating body temperature, mechanical and others. The blood picture is a symptomatic reflection of the processes occurring in the body of animals.

In order to control the physiological state and the course of biochemical processes in the body of experimental calves under the influence of different formulations of energy feed additives, we studied their effect on the dynamics of morphological and biochemical blood parameters.

It was established that the hematological parameters of calves of all groups were within acceptable physiological norms.

However, in the animals of the 2nd experimental group, a significant increase in the blood of erythrocytes and hemoglobin was revealed, which indicates an improvement in the supply of oxygen to the body and, accordingly, a more intense course of redox processes in cells.

The analysis of the data obtained showed that in the blood of calves of the 2nd experimental group, there was an increase in the content of erythrocytes and hemoglobin at the age of 2 months by 15.17 and 11.08%, respectively; at 4 months of age by 19.78 and 10.76% in relation to the indicators of the control group and by 6.97 and 5.06% (2 months), 9.23 and 4.37% (4 months) - to the indicators 1st experimental group (Table 6). All this indicates a more intense course of redox processes in the animal organism.

An important indicator of the state of protein metabolism is the content of protein in the blood, its main fractions and their ratio. The inclusion of an energy feed additive in the diets of calves somewhat changed the content of total protein in the blood serum. In the course of our research, in calves of the 2nd experimental group, the level of total protein in the blood was 9.71% higher at 2 months of age, and 10.89% higher at 4 months than in the control group.

Thus, it can be concluded that the use of a feed additive (needles 30, dry pulp - 20, flaxseed cake - 15, glycerin - 25, coal - 8, table salt - 1, sugar - 1%) in the amount of 50 g per head per day in the diet of calves from 1 to 5 months of age contributes to:

- increase the digestibility of nutrients. So, in calves of the 2nd experimental group at the age of 3 months, the digestibility of dry matter increases by 5.12%, organic matter by 7.56%, crude protein by 5.59% compared to the same indicators of the control group.

- an increase in the blood of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, total protein, ACT, ALT.

- provides stable intensity of growth of calves during the milk period of cultivation. In calves, the average daily gain for the entire period of the experiment was 791.8 g, which is 6.9% more than that of analogues from the control group.

Sources of information accepted during the examination of the application:

1. RF patent 2471364. Publ. 01/10/2013.

2. RF patent 2292159. Publ. 01/27/2007.

3. Author's certificate of the USSR No. 1837793, Publ. 08/30/1993. Bull. 32.

4. RF patent No. 2134042, Publ. 08/10/1999.

5. Norms and diets for feeding farm animals (reference guide) / Kalashnikov A.P., Fisinin V.I., Shcheglova V.V., Kleimenova N.I. - 3rd ed. revised and additional - M.: Russian Agricultural Academy, 2003, p. 380.

Claims (1)

Feed additive for rearing calves during the milk period, containing 30% chopped pine needles, 20% dry beet pulp, 15% linseed cake, 25% glycerin, 8% finely fractionated charcoal, 1% salt and 1% sugar, is introduced in the amount of 50 g per head per day as part of the diet of calves from 1 to 5 months of age.