RU2765628C2 - Method for pre-sowing seed treatment and device for implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device for pre-sowing seed treatment includes a vehicle with a body filled with untreated seeds, a screw conveyor with a seed receiver, a container for liquid supplied to the screw conveyor, sprayers mounted on the screw conveyor. A hole is made in the side of the body, to which a flap is attached from its outer side, and an exhaust fan is installed on the inner side, adjacent with a suction window to the inner plane of the side and with an outlet pipe outside the body. Opposite the suction window of the fan, in the side, a hole is made concentrically with it, opposite which an air intake casing is installed. In its lower part, with the possibility of vertical movement, a rectangular elastic plate is installed, and in the lower part of the body, a sieve is pivotally and spring-loaded installed under the side, under which a vibrator is installed, and the unloading end of the sieve is located above the receiver of the screw conveyor.

EFFECT: invention provides high efficiency in the process of use.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods and devices for pre-sowing treatment of seeds, mainly in the field, with liquid chemical and biological preparations to protect seeds from pests and diseases. Can be used in s.kh. and other branches of the national economy.

In many cases, pre-sowing seed treatment is carried out according to a method that includes two stages: seed cleaning at seed-cleaning units (Drincha V.M. Research on seed separation and development of machine technologies for their preparation. Voronezh. NPO MODEK Publishing House, 2006. p. 78) and subsequent pre-sowing treatment on mobile or stationary machines that process the cleaned seeds with liquid components in the conditions of a grain flow or a seed enterprise.

The disadvantages of this method are:

- since the seeds are cleaned, as a rule, long before they undergo pre-sowing treatment, being in the seed storage during the storage of seeds, as well as when reloading from the seed-cleaning unit to the storage and from the storage to the place of pre-sowing treatment, grain dust and other lightweight particles are formed in the seeds impurities, in addition, in the process of overloading, seed injury occurs with the formation of small impurities and the treatment of such seeds with liquid preparations leads to a significant decrease in the quality of seed treatment, since light and small impurities bind a large amount of liquid preparation;

- in accordance with the two-stage method of pre-sowing treatment of seeds in stationary conditions, the operator interacts with the drugs used, in many cases, with health hazards, contamination at the processing sites, in warehouses, grain flows, in addition, stationary and mobile machines have a complex design, which after processing, they require difficult cleaning from the used preparation and seeds, as well as their complex disposal in accordance with environmental protection legislation;

- it is often not possible to prepare the volume of seeds required for sowing by this method, almost always there are processed, but not sown seeds, which present a problem with their disposal;

- in the process of transporting treated seeds from a stationary point to the field, the vehicle and the environment in the radius of transportation to the sowing machines become contaminated;

- when loading into the seed boxes of seeders from vehicles, there is local pollution with the generated dust, as well as abundant dust formation in the process of sowing seeds in the field.

A device is known (A.S. USSR No. 1069657, class A01C 1/08, pub. 30.01.84, BI No. 4) for pre-sowing seed treatment, consisting of a loading mechanism installed on the undercarriage, a seed hopper, a dressing chamber with a spray for pesticides, drive and unloading mechanism.

The disadvantages of this device are:

- traumatization of seeds when taking them from the surface of concrete sites;

- decrease in the quality of dressing, since the initial seed material immediately before entering the dresser is not cleaned from light and small impurities;

- contamination of the environment with the treated drug in the treatment area. A well-known utility model for a patent (No. 191544, class A01C 1/06, BI No. 23 dated 08/12/2019) of a method and device for dressing and loading grain, including a screw conveying working body in the form of a flexible spiral screw, sprayers, a dispenser and drive of the transporting working body.

The disadvantages of this solution are:

- low quality of processing, since the seeds are not cleaned from small and light impurities immediately before they are treated with a liquid preparation;

- the service operator is located directly in the processing area in which increased dust content is formed, incl. and from treated seeds;

- in the process of transporting treated seeds and loading them into seeders, environmental pollution occurs;

- a highly specialized device, performs only dressing, there is no versatility, and therefore the workload of the treater during the year is less than other machines for post-harvest grain processing.

A known method of pre-sowing preparation of seeds, implemented in a device for dressing seeds (RF patent No. 2462016 C1, class A01C 1/06, publ. 27.09. 2012, BI No. 27), including a front loader bucket in which a two-way screw mixer is installed, a bucket cover , drive, pesticide sprayers mounted above the bucket, pesticide tank. According to this method implemented in this device, the seeds are treated as follows, the loader drives up to the seed pile and scoops up the grain with a bucket, under the action of a two-way auger mixer and the supplied sprayed treater, the seeds are treated in batches in the bucket, after which the tractor loader drives away from the initial pile and unloads the treated seeds from the bucket into an adjacent shoulder or into the vehicle body.

The disadvantages of this method and device are:

- inefficient use of the tractor, since for effective mixing of seeds with a liquid disinfectant in the auger, the required time is required, during which the tractor will operate in idle mode;

- both in the case of unloading treated seeds into a separate pile, and when unloading them into the body of a vehicle, intensive formation of dust containing pesticides occurs;

- storage of treated seeds in a heap is a great danger due to the possibility of carrying away the treated seeds by air, the ingress of pesticides on nearby objects, into water and soil.

The closest solution to the claimed method of pre-sowing preparation of seeds is the method (U.S. Pat. No. 4023525, class B05C 5/00. 05/17/1977) including the transportation of seeds in bulk in the back of a vehicle to the field, their pre-sowing treatment in a screw conveyor in the field and supply of these treated seeds into the seed box of the planter.

The disadvantages of this method are:

- the absence of direct cleaning of seeds from light and small impurities before feeding them into an inclined conveyor, in which the seeds are treated with liquid preparations;

- intensive formation of dust containing a liquid component in the process of backfilling into the seed box of the seeder, as well as during the operation of the seeder.

The closest solution to the claimed device for implementing the method of pre-sowing seed preparation is a device (U.S. Pat. No. 4023525, class B05C 5/00. 05/17/1977) including a vehicle with a body filled with untreated seeds, a screw conveyor inclined to the horizon with a seed receiver in the lower part, the dosing pump, the container for the fluid supplied to the auger conveyor, the sprayers installed on the auger conveyor, the auger conveyor drive and the seeder.

The disadvantage of this device is the low quality of pre-sowing seed treatment, as well as the abundant formation of dust containing a liquid component, when loading seeders and during their operation due to the absence of a working body in the device for separating light and small impurities before the seeds enter from the vehicle body into inclined screw conveyor.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of pre-sowing preparation of seeds in the field and reduce the harmful effects on the environment.

The problem in the invention is solved by the following method of pre-sowing preparation of seeds. Untreated seeds brought from storage to the field, when unloaded by gravity from the body of the vehicle into the screw conveyor, are cleaned from small and light impurities.

Cleaning seeds in the field when unloading them from the body into the screw conveyor can significantly improve the quality of seed treatment with liquid preparations during their transportation in the screw conveyor due to the extraction of small and light impurities, which, if present in the treated seed mixture, bind a significant amount of the processing liquid component, and therefore reduce the coverage of the sown seeds treated with the drug. In addition, the emission of fine and light impurities reduces the formation of environmentally hazardous dust during loading into the seed box of the seeder, as well as during its work in the field, which reduces the harmful impact on the environment.

Such a sequence of operations in the prototype is not available.

The essence of the device for implementing the method of pre-sowing preparation of seeds is that a rectangular hole is made in the rear side of the body in its lower part, the large side of which is equal to the length of the side, and a damper adjoins to it from the outside of the body with the possibility of vertical movement, and from the inside an exhaust fan is installed on the rear board in its middle part horizontally, adjoining the suction window to the inner plane of the tailgate and with the outlet pipe protruding outside the body, and opposite the suction port of the fan in the rear board, concentrically with it, a hole is made, opposite which the air intake casing is installed, expanding from top to bottom and to the sides, and in its lower part with the possibility of vertical movement there is a rectangular elastic plate, the length of which is equal to the length of the rear side of the body, and in the lower part of the body under the rear side, a sieve with vertical sides with a pr a pit-coal section and a tapering discharge end in the direction from the tailgate towards the discharge side, while a vibrator is installed under the sieve, and the discharge end of the sieve is located above the screw conveyor receiver.

The fan is driven by a hydraulic motor driven by the vehicle's hydraulic system, and the electric motor vibrator is driven by a 12 V vehicle electrical system. An optional version of the fan drive from an autonomous internal combustion engine, and the vibrator from a hydraulic motor.

The implementation of a rectangular hole in the rear side of the body in its lower part, the larger side of which is equal to the length of the side, makes it possible to obtain a relatively thin layer of seeds with a width equal to the length of the rear side, from which small and light impurities can be more effectively separated.

Installing a damper with the possibility of vertical movement on the outer side of the tailgate allows you to adjust and select the optimal thickness of the layer of seeds poured out of the body, at which the maximum separation of small and light impurities is achieved.

The placement of an exhaust fan on the inside of the tailgate in its middle part horizontally, adjacent to the inner plane of the tailgate with a suction window and with an outlet pipe protruding outside the body, allows the fan to be used to evenly suck the air flow on both sides of the tailgate and take out light impurities outside of the body.

Due to the fact that a hole is made opposite the suction window of the fan in the rear board concentrically with it, opposite which an air intake casing is installed, expanding from top to bottom and to the sides, and in its lower part a rectangular elastic plate is installed with the possibility of vertical movement, the length of which is equal to the length of the rear side of the body, it is possible to suck out a light impurity along the entire length of the tailgate, while the installation of an elastic plate with the possibility of vertical movement allows you to choose its position, which minimizes air infiltration in the upper part of the outgoing seed layer, which improves the quality of separation of a light impurity over the area of the entire seed layer .

Due to the fact that in the lower part of the body, under the tailgate, a sieve with vertical sides with a rectangular section and a tapering discharge end in the direction from the tailgate towards the discharge side is hinged and spring-loaded, it is ensured that fine impurities are effectively separated through the sieve and light impurities are taken in by air flow, since with this design, the air passes through the sieve and carries away a light impurity into the casing, the fan and the outlet pipe outside the body. The impact of vibrations on the sieve increases the efficiency of separating light and fine impurities. The narrowing of the discharge end of the sieve allows them to be fed into the receiver of the inclined screw conveyor.

Implementation of the fan drive from the hydraulic motor driven by the hydraulic system of the vehicle, and the drive of the vibrator from the electric motor from the 12 V electrical system of the vehicle ensures the economy and ease of use of the separating unit installed on the rear board.

The optional fan drive from an autonomous internal combustion engine, and the vibrator from a hydraulic motor can be effective in the case of large grain carriers, since the unloaded seed flow is more powerful and more energy is required to drive the fan and vibrate the sieve.

There is no such execution of elements in the design of the prototype.

In FIG. 1. a schematic representation of a device for implementing the method of pre-sowing seed treatment; in fig. 2. also view A; in fig. 3. also view B.

The device for implementing the method of pre-sowing preparation of seeds includes a filled body 1 with untreated seeds, containing a bottom 2 and a tailgate 3, in the lower part of which a rectangular hole 4 is made, the large side of which is equal to the length of the side 3. On the outer side of the side 3 opposite the hole 4 is installed with the possibility vertical movement of the damper 5 with a handle 6. On the inner side of the side 3 in its middle part, a fan 7 with a hydraulic drive is installed horizontally, the suction window 8 of the fan 7 concentrically mates with the hole 9 in the rear side 3. Opposite the hole 9 there is an air intake casing 10 expanding from top to bottom and to the sides of the hole 9. In the lower part of the casing 10, an elastic plate 11 is installed with the possibility of vertical movement. The length of the plate 11 is equal to the length of the tailgate 3, while the lower edge 12 of the elastic plate 11 is located above the rectangular section of the sieve 13, hinged 14 connected and spring-loaded 15 with a support bar 16, rigidly connected to the bottom 2 of the body 1. The sieve 13 on the right and left has restrictive sides 17, the unloading end 18 of the sieve 13 is made tapering in the direction from the rear side 3 towards the unloading. A vibrator 19 is installed under the sieve 13. The outlet pipe 20 of the fan 7 is brought out of the body 1, which rests on a wheeled cart 21.

The unloading end 18 of the sieve 13 is located above the receiver of untreated and cleaned seeds 22 of the screw conveyor 23 inclined to the horizon, in which sprayers 24, a dosing pump 25, connecting tubes 26 and a container 27 for the liquid used for seed treatment in the screw conveyor 23 are installed. the upper part of the auger conveyor 23 has its drive 28 and the outlet pipe 29 under which the seed box 30 of the seeder 31 is located.

Optionally, the fan 7 can be driven by an autonomous internal combustion engine, and the vibrator 19 by a hydraulic motor (not shown).

Device for seedbed preparation works as follows. Untreated seeds are brought to the field in the back of 1 vehicle. They drive up to the screw conveyor 3, the outlet pipe 29 of which is located above the seed box 30 of the seeder 31. By means of the handles 6, the damper 5 is opened. The fan 7 and the vibrator 18 are turned on from the vehicle hydraulics from the 12 V electrical system of the vehicle. Under the action of vibrations of the sieve 13, a small impurity wakes up through it, and under the action of the air flow from the fan 7 through the air intake casing 10, a light impurity is removed from the layer of seeds moving along the vibrating sieve 13, which is removed through the outlet pipe 20 of the fan outside the body 1.

Cleaned seeds from small and light impurities enter the receiver 22 of the inclined screw conveyor 23 into which, using the sprayers 24, the seed treatment liquid supplied by the dosing pump 25 from the tank 27 is injected. pipe 29 are fed into the seed box 30 of the seeder 31.

Small and light impurities in the presence of them in the seeds bind a significant part of the sprayed drops of liquid, which leads to uneven processing. The separation of small and light impurities from the seeds before they are fed into the conveying auger, in which they are treated with atomized liquid in order to protect them from pests and diseases, improves the quality of seed treatment, due to an increase in the accuracy of seed coating with liquid drops, and also reduces the formation of environmentally hazardous dust when loading the seed boxes of seeders and during the seeding process, resulting in a reduced environmental impact.

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Claims (4)

1. A device for pre-sowing seed treatment, including a vehicle with a body filled with untreated seeds, a screw conveyor inclined to the horizon with a seed receiver at the bottom, a dispenser pump, a container for the liquid supplied to the screw conveyor, sprayers mounted on the screw conveyor, a screw conveyor drive and a seeder, characterized in that a rectangular hole is made in the rear side of the body in its lower part, the large side of which is equal to the length of the side, and a damper adjoins to it from the outer side of the body with the possibility of vertical movement, and from the inside on the rear side in its middle part, an exhaust fan is installed horizontally, adjoining the suction window to the inner plane of the tailgate and with an outlet pipe extended outside the body, and opposite the suction port of the fan, a hole is made in the rear board concentrically with it, opposite which an air intake casing is installed, expanding from above to the bottom and to the sides, and in its lower part with the possibility of vertical movement, a rectangular elastic plate is installed, the length of which is equal to the length of the rear side of the body, and in the lower part of the body under the rear side, a sieve with vertical sides with a rectangular section and a tapering unloading end in the direction from the tailgate towards the unloading, while a vibrator is installed under the sieve, and the unloading end of the sieve is located above the screw conveyor receiver. 2. The method of pre-sowing treatment of seeds, including the transportation of seeds in bulk in the back of a vehicle to the field, the pre-sowing treatment of seeds in the device according to claim 1 in the field, the supply of treated seeds to the seed box of the seeder. 3. The device for pre-sowing seed treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that the fan drive is carried out from a hydraulic motor driven from the hydraulic system of the vehicle, and the electric motor vibrator is driven from the 12 V electrical system of the vehicle. 4. Device for pre-sowing seed treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that the fan is driven by an autonomous internal combustion engine, and the vibrator is driven by a hydraulic motor.

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