RU2764418C1 - Method for reinforcing mine working and formwork - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of mining, namely, to methods for reinforcing mine workings, primarily, mine shafts, and equipment for implementing the method. Prior to pouring concrete into the formwork space, a removable fragment is isolated in the formwork, moved to the open position, fastening elements of the reinforcement are mounted to the removable fragment of the formwork, the removable fragment with the mine shaft reinforcement elements installed thereon is moved to the closed position, and after pouring concrete into the formwork space and sustaining, the fastening elements of the reinforcement are dismantled, and the removable fragment is transitioned to the open position. The formwork comprises a removable fragment configured to be in at least two positions – open and closed, wherein in the open position, the removable fragment is configured for fastening elements to be installed thereon and reinforcement elements to be attached thereto on the side located on the side of the formwork interacting with the concrete when setting the removable fragment to the closed position.

EFFECT: reduction in the time spent on reinforcing the mine working and acceleration of putting it into commission.

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Description

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of mining, namely to methods for reinforcing mine workings, mainly mine shafts, and equipment for implementing the method.

Known prefabricated concrete element, method of its manufacture and formwork for manufacturing [Description of the invention to the UK patent No. 2287732 dated 24.03.1994, IPC E21D 11/38, publ. 09/27/1995]. A precast concrete element is a segment of a mine lining having a sealing element protruding from its (precast concrete element) surface, the sealing element being embedded in the concrete element during concrete pouring. Formwork for the manufacture of a precast concrete element, having means for gripping with the possibility of detaching the sealing element so that it protrudes beyond the surface of the concrete element.

The method includes the steps of creating a mold for a concrete element to be cast in it, pouring concrete into the mold, and then releasing the concrete element. At the same time, the concrete element is formed in such a way that the sealing element is gripped with the possibility of removal so as to protrude from the inner wall of the mold before pouring concrete into the mold. And when the concrete element is subsequently released, a part of the sealing element protrudes from the surface of the concrete element.

Its disadvantages include the need to use elastic elements, such as hydrophilic rubber, rubber, neoprene, which is not suitable for creating reinforcement from rigid elements that should not deform during operation, and the disadvantage is the shape of the sealing element, which is an extended strip, which impractical in tasks using local fasteners (for example, fixed at one end in a concrete lining).

The closest analogue is the method of fastening the elements of the reinforcement of the mine shaft [Description of the invention to the USSR author's certificate No. 1221365 of 07/09/1984, IPC E21D 5/04, publ. 03/30/1986. Bull. No. 12], which includes making a hole for a reinforcement element, as a rule, by drilling out the concrete support of a mine working, placing a cassette in the hole, installing a reinforcement element into the cassette and pouring concrete into the cassette.

Disadvantages include the way in which holes are made in the concrete reinforcement, which involves some impact on it, usually drilling or percussive drilling, which leads to the potential of creating cracks in it and reduces the long-term reliability of the lining, and also requires additional concreting after impact on the support.

The task to be solved by the proposed group of inventions is the elimination of the need for a destructive effect on the lining of a mine working and an increase in labor productivity during its reinforcement.

The achieved technical effect is to reduce the time spent on the reinforcement of the mine working and speed up its commissioning.

The problem is solved due to the fact that before pouring concrete into the formwork space in the formwork, an exhibition fragment is isolated, before the concrete is poured into the formwork space, the exhibition fragment is isolated in the formwork, it is transferred to the open position, fasteners are mounted to the exhibition formwork fragment, to which they are attached reinforcement elements, transfer the display fragment with the reinforcement elements installed on it to the closed position, and after pouring the concrete into the formwork space and its curing, the fasteners are dismantled and the formwork is stripped.

The invention is illustrated by two figures:

- in Fig. 1 shows a diagram of interaction with the formwork support, containing an exhibition fragment in the form of a removable element attached to the formwork by a rigid connection;

- in Fig. 2 shows a diagram of interaction with the formwork support, containing an exhibition fragment in the form of a fixed element connected to the formwork by means of a hinge.

Consider the principle of implementing the method in the following example.

To carry out the fastening of a mine working with subsequent reinforcement, it is necessary to bring the formwork into working position and ensure the shape of the reinforcement fasteners in a pre-installed form. At the same time, the sequence of operations for bringing the formwork, consisting of the body (1) and the plug-in fragment (2), into the working position and ensuring the shape of the fasteners for implementing the method is not essential. In FIG. 1 and in FIG. 2 shows the variant with the formwork in the working position, which is reflected in the installation of the body. The display fragment (2) is shown in two positions - open (dashed line) partially or completely separate from the body (1) and closed (solid line) in connection with the body (1). Fastening elements (3) are mounted on the exposed fragment (2), made, for example, in the form of bolts and nuts. Reinforcement elements (4) are attached to the fasteners (3) made, for example, in the form of a mortgage. Reinforcement elements (4) are located on the side, which, when the display fragment (2) is placed in the closed position, is located on the side of the body (1) that interacts with concrete (5). At the same time, to ensure the possibility of orienting the reinforcement elements (4) to the design position in the radial direction, a radial gap S _z is provided at the point of interaction of the fastener (3) and reinforcement elements (4). The design position is understood as the coordinates of the reinforcement elements determined by the project (4). The need for orientation in the radial direction is due to the possibility of radial displacement R of the formwork.

In the closed position, the protruding fragment (2) is fixed on the body (1) by means of locking elements (6), made, for example, in the form of bolts. In FIG. 1 shows a fully removable display fragment (2), which is fixed by locking elements (6) on at least two sides. At the same time, at the place of fixation, the exhibition fragment (2) is made with the possibility of orientation by displacement around the fixing elements (6) due to the presence of a gap S _xy in the place of their interaction with the exhibition fragment (2).

In FIG. 2, the exposed fragment (2) is partially connected to the housing (1) by means of a hinged joint (7). In this case, in the closed position, the protruding fragment (2) is fixed by the locking elements (6) only on one side, opposite to the swivel joint (7). In this case, the possibility of orienting the reinforcement elements (4) to the design position is provided by displacements around the fasteners (3) due to the presence of a gap S _xy .

The implementation of the method is carried out as follows. In the open position of the exposed fragment (2), reinforcement elements (4) are mounted to it by means of fasteners (3). At the same time, at this stage, it does not matter whether the formwork is in working position or not. It should be noted that when installing the formwork in the working position, it should be oriented in such a way that the exposed fragment (2) in the closed position is as close as possible to the coordinates of the reinforcement elements (4) determined by the project.

Next, the exposed fragment (2) with the reinforcement elements (4) mounted on it is transferred to the closed position.

If the display piece (2) is completely removable, as shown in FIG. 1, then to transfer it to the closed position, it is attached to the body (1) in the position determined by the formwork design, and fixed on the body (1) by means of fixing elements (6), at least on two sides of one face opposite to the casting side concrete (5). After fixing the display fragment (2) on the body (1), it is preferable to check the position of the reinforcement elements (4) mounted on the display fragment (2) with the design position. If the resulting position does not correspond to the design position, either the exposed fragment (2) is oriented using the S _xy gap, or the reinforcement elements (4) using the S _z gap, or the orientation is combined using the S _xy and S _z gaps.

If the protruding fragment (2) is partially connected to the body (1) by means of a swivel (7), as shown in FIG. 2, then to move it to the closed position, the extrusion fragment (2) is rotated until its free end contacts the body (1). After that, the exposed fragment (2) is fixed from the side of the free end by means of at least one fixing element (6). After fixing the display fragment (2) on the body (1), it is preferable to check the position of the reinforcement elements (4) mounted on the display fragment (2) with the design position. If the resulting position does not correspond to the design position, the reinforcement elements (4) are oriented using the gap S _xy .

After fixing the display fragment (2) in the closed position and, if necessary, orienting the reinforcement elements (4) to the design position, concrete (5) is poured into the form space. The concrete (5) is maintained to the required strength, after which the fasteners (3) are dismantled and the formwork is stripped, which includes the exposition fragment being moved to the open position and the formwork being moved to the non-working position. Thus, reinforcement elements (4) remain concreted in the design position.

As a result of the use of the invention, the need for a destructive effect on the lining of a mine working has been eliminated and labor productivity has been increased during its reinforcement, which has reduced the time spent on the reinforcement of a mine working and accelerated its commissioning.

Claims (5)

1. A method for reinforcing a mine working, including the steps of bringing the formwork into working position, pouring concrete into the formwork space, curing concrete, installing reinforcement elements, characterized in that before pouring concrete into the formwork space, an exhibition fragment is isolated in the formwork, it is transferred to an open position, reinforcement elements are attached to the exposed formwork fragment by means of fasteners, the exposed fragment with the reinforcement elements installed on it is transferred to the closed position, and after concrete is poured into the form space and cured, the fasteners are dismantled and formwork is stripped. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that prior to pouring concrete into the formwork space, the exposed fragment and/or reinforcement elements are oriented relative to the formwork contour to the design position. 3. Formwork for the construction of a concrete or combined support of a mine working, characterized in that the formwork contains an exposition fragment, made with the possibility of being in at least two positions - open and closed, and in the open position, the exposition fragment is made with the possibility of mounting on it fasteners and fastening reinforcement elements to them from the side, which, when the display fragment is placed in the closed position, is on the side of the formwork interacting with concrete. 4. Formwork according to claim. 3, characterized in that the exposed fragment is attached to the formwork by means of at least one swivel joint. 5. Formwork according to any one of paragraphs. 3 or 4, characterized in that the exposed fragment is fixed with the possibility of displacement relative to the formwork.

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