RU2630121C1 - Microfiltration device for water treatment from mechanical pollution - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: device includes a filter, a pipeline armature, a system of instrumentation and equipment, the filter is made in the form of two sections. The first of the series-connected sections comprises two vertically mounted filter elements of cartridge type made of porous polyethylene with micropore sizes of 10 mcm, and the second one has the same design and two similar filter elements with micropore sizes of 1.0 mcm. The filter regeneration is carried out by sequential blowing the sections by countercurrent compressed air without dismantling the device. The device is equipped with an automated control and monitoring system.

EFFECT: improving the quality of water treatment and increasing the speed of filtration.

2 cl, 2 dwg, 2 tbl, 1 ex

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The high degree of deterioration of the centralized water supply systems operating in the country leads to the fact that the tap water supplied to the consumer for domestic use has unsatisfactory quality. In some cases, water from a water supply system has high rigidity, unpleasant taste, high turbidity and color. A particular problem is the increased content of iron in water, especially oxide, in the form of rust particles. Therefore, it is relevant to develop devices for additional micro-purification of tap water, which can be used both in household conditions for treating drinking water from a city water supply, and in a number of other cases, for example, when taking water from near-surface sources (wells, open reservoirs, rainwater collectors )

The invention relates to devices designed for the purification of tap drinking water in everyday life and in crowded places (schools, hospitals, kindergartens, etc.). The microfiltration device is designed to purify and clarify water by removing mechanical impurities, reducing turbidity and color, using a set of filtering elements based on porous polyethylene (PPE) with micropores from 1 to 10 microns in size and improving the quality of life of wide layers of the country's population using in everyday life water from centralized water supply systems.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ANALOGUES OF THE INVENTION

A device for purifying drinking tap water is known [RF patent 2052278; B01D 63/00; 01/20/1996], containing a cylindrical body, a filter cell with one or more ceramic filter elements with a high-performance fibrous ceramic membrane, and a storage tank, which contains a sorbent absorber of dissolved toxic and odorous substances. The achieved technical result when using the device is sterilization of water and retention of any solid suspensions with sizes greater than 0.1-0.2 microns, the duration of the filter cycle is up to one year, the possibility of spontaneous regeneration of the membrane when using water for technical needs due to the tangential velocity flow, and also a reverse pressure pulse of the filtrate through the membrane from the storage tank.

The disadvantages of the known device is the high cost and complicated manufacturing technology of the used and ceramic filter elements, the lack of an automatic control system for the operation of the device in the process of water purification.

A known filter for the purification of drinking water from chemical and mechanical impurities [RF patent 2486136; C02F 1/00; B01D 27/00, 29/11; 06.27.2013], placed in a collapsible housing with a cover, contains a hollow core with holes with wound layers of filter material. The inlet and outlet nozzles are made in the cover of the collapsible housing. A plug is installed on the front side of the core. One of the sides of the core is adjacent to the head of the housing. The filter material is a composite polymer material with the ability to change the density of the winding, on top of which is installed polyethylene insulation or insulation that prevents radially transverse passage of water. O-rings are installed in the grooves of the core. The technical result is to improve the quality of water filtration, purify it from harmful impurities and pathogenic microorganisms and obtain water that meets the requirements of SanPiN, while simplifying the filtration process.

The disadvantages of the known device are the high cost and complicated manufacturing technology of the used filter elements based on composite polymer materials, the lack of an automatic control system for the operation of the device in the process of water purification.

A known filter for the purification of drinking water [RF patent 2078046; C02F 1/18; 02.27.1997], comprising a housing supplying and discharging nozzles, and an ion-exchange layer of a mixture of cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin, a bactericidal layer, and a composite layer containing activated carbon with the addition of neutral fibrous and / or ion-exchange amphoteric material, anion exchange resin and cation exchange resin, arranged sequentially in the housing; , intended for the purification of drinking water with a high content of iron, in particular oxide, in the form of highly dispersed suspensions, which causes low water values for color.

A disadvantage of the known device is the complex manufacturing technology of the filter, the low duration of the filter cycle, determined by the sorption capacity of the ion exchange layer, the absence of a system for automatic control and monitoring of the state of the filter during water treatment.

A known filter for the purification of drinking water MCX-30 [RF patent 2134141; B01D 29/56, B01D 63/08, C02F 9/00; March 27, 2007], which contains a housing with a disinfection filter located in it in the form of a package of membrane elements, each of which consists of two flat membranes and a separation plate placed between them, embedded in a monoblock. Each plate has four openings in the corners, two of which are designed to drain purified water, and the other two to supply water. In addition to the disinfection filter, the device contains a sorption block, a BUSOFIT carbon fiber block and a VION fiber chemisorption block, and is equipped with a valve connected via a half-clamp to the water supply network and installed with a pressure regulator between the valve and the disinfection filter. The technical result is to improve the quality of water purification and increase the filtration rate.

The disadvantages of the known device are the complex design of the membrane modules, the lack of automated control of the filter operation process, the short duration of the filter cycle, which is due to the size of the sorption capacity of the used sorbents.

PROTOTYPE CHARACTERISTICS AND CRITICISM OF ITS DISADVANTAGES

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is a device for microfiltration of liquid technological environments [RF patent 144132, B01D 29/11, 29/60, 11/15/2013].

The known device includes a filter in the form of three parallel-mounted PFEs with the same effective micropore size, the cleaning of which is carried out by the countercurrent method, an automated system for monitoring and controlling the operation of the installation.

A disadvantage of the known device is the short duration of the filter cycle and a decrease in the productivity of the device due to the need for frequent countercurrent regeneration of three parallel PEs with the same micropore sizes. These drawbacks are due to the lack of a filter for protecting the PPE from clogging pores in the case of treatment of highly clouded natural and waste waters, as well as the need to use purified water for the regeneration of PPE.

TECHNICAL RESULT

The technical result of the invention is to provide a microfiltration device for producing clarified and purified water from mechanical impurities, including water, which meets the requirements of the Sanitary Rules and Norms (SanPiN2.1.4.1074-01) while simplifying and optimizing the operating modes of the device due to: a) using a two-section filter for the treatment of tap water, the first of the series-connected sections containing two vertically mounted filter cartridge type elements made of porous polyethylene with micropore sizes of 10 μm, and the second - two vertically mounted filter elements made of porous floor ethylene, with the dimensions of the micropores of 1.0 micron, respectively; b) providing the possibility of filter regeneration by blowing with compressed air without disassembling the device, and eliminating the above disadvantages, namely, the low duration of the filter cycle, the complex design of the filters, the use of expensive filter materials; c) automation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To achieve a technical result, a device consisting of: a filter, pipe fittings for connecting to a centralized water supply network and ensuring water transport between parts of the installation structure, a system of instrumentation and equipment, introduced the following new elements:

- a two-section filter consisting of: a) a pre-filter filtration chamber, contains two PFE with an effective pore diameter of 10 μm;

- the finishing filtration chamber contains two PFEs with an effective pore diameter of 1.0 μm;

- a system for cleaning the PFE from pollution by blowing with compressed air in countercurrent; - A system of automated management and control.

The applicant has not found any solutions containing a filter consisting of two series-connected filtration chambers, each of which includes two PFEs with effective micropore sizes of 10 and 1.0 microns, respectively, which allows to increase the duration of the filter cycle; at the same time, the filter is cleaned of contaminants by backflushing the PFE with compressed air without disassembling the filter. Thus, the claimed solution has significant differences.

LIST OF DRAWINGS

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

FIG. 1. The technological scheme of the automated microfiltration unit, where 1 is a pre-filter chamber containing two filter elements with an effective pore size of 10 μm; 2 - finishing filter chamber containing two filter elements with an effective pore size of 1.0 μm; 3-6 - hydraulic electromagnetic valves; 7, 8 - pneumatic electromagnetic valves; 9 - compressor; 10, 11 - pressure sensors; 12, 13 - temperature sensors; 14 - flow meter; 15 - control unit; 16 - water inlet from the water supply; 17 - outlet wash water; 18 - exit clarified and purified water from the water supply; 17 - outlet wash water; 18 - the output of clarified and purified water; I - hydraulic line; II - airway; III - electrical connections.

FIG. 2. A drawing of a general view of the filter chamber, including: 21 - top cover, top view, and side view, where: 22 - inlet pipe for supplying tap water, 23 - composite filter element, including two series-connected cartridge type cartridges made from powdered polyethylene by sintering; 24 - filter chamber assembly; 25 - bottom cover.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTED STATISTICS

As follows from FIG. 1, an automated microfiltration device (hereinafter referred to as the device) includes two filtration chambers of preliminary and final cleaning 1, 2, containing two PPEs with effective micropore sizes of 10 and 1.0 μm, respectively (Fig. 2). Water transport is carried out along the hydraulic line I and is controlled by electromagnetic valves 3-6, where 3 - is used to regulate the input flow of tap water, 4, 5 - to discharge the wash water generated during the regeneration of the PPE in the filtration chambers 1 and 2, respectively, 6 - to regulate the flow of clarified and purified from mechanical impurities water. The supply of compressed air to the filtration chambers I and 2 is carried out through the duct II and is controlled by solenoid valves 7, 8, respectively. A compressor 9 is used as a compressed air generator. The instrumentation and instrumentation system includes instrumentation for pressure sensors 10, 11 and temperature 12, 13, a flow meter 14, and a control unit 15 connected by a network of electrical contacts III. The pressure sensors 10 and temperature 12 are designed to control the pressure and temperature of the tap water coming from the centralized water supply network. The pressure sensors 11 and temperature 13, as well as the flow meter 14 are designed to control pressure and temperature, the flow rate of purified and clarified water. The operation of the device is controlled using the control unit 15, which collects and analyzes information about the pressure, temperature and flow rate of water from the sensors 10-13 and flow meter 14. Based on the analysis of the information received, using a special control program, from the control unit 15 a command is received to open or close the electromagnetic valves 3-8, change the operating mode of the device. The diagram also indicates the points of connection of the device to the centralized water supply network 16, discharge of washing water into the sewer 17, and the delivery of purified from mechanical impurities and clarified water 18.

A key element of the device are two series-connected filtration chambers of the same design (Fig. 2), together forming a two-section filter. The design of the filter chamber includes a top cover 21 to which an inlet pipe for supplying purified water 22 is attached and a composite filter element 23 consisting of two series-connected cartridge-type cartridges made of powdered polyethylene by sintering. Also, holes for fixing bolts and two holes for supplying contaminated and outlet for purified water were made in the lid. The hole for the outlet of purified water can also be used to supply compressed air during the cleaning of the PFE. The filter chamber is assembled by attaching the cover 21 with bolts of the upper 21 together with the attached elements 22, 23 to the housing 24. Then, using the bolts, the lower cover 25 is attached. To ensure the tightness of the filter chamber at the joints, rubber gaskets are used.

Microfiltration device specifications:

DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE

Preparing the device for operation:

" (на редукторе входного давления) к сети централизованного водоснабжения;- connect the input line of the device with an external thread

"(at the inlet pressure reducer) to the centralized water supply network;

" к сборнику осветленной и очищенной воды;- connect the output line of the device with internal thread

"to the collection of clarified and purified water;

" к канализационной сети;- connect the outlet line “Flushing water” with internal thread

"to the sewer network;

- carry out electrical grounding of the installation case from the ground terminal with a copper wire with a cross section of at least 2.5 mm ² .

After connecting the device to the centralized water supply, sewage and electric networks, it is necessary to turn on the device by pressing the “ON” key and select the control mode of the installation by pressing the “OFFLINE” or “PC” key on the front control panel. The control program is launched by pressing the "START" button.

The main element of the control system of the operation of the device is the control unit 15, and the microcontroller is located on the printed circuit board, and which is installed on the rear wall of the device under the control panel. The system can be controlled autonomously using a microcontroller or a control computer via a USB port.

Operation of an automated microfiltration device (hereinafter referred to as the device) is possible in the following modes:

a) Mode No. 1. “Filling” (filling the filter chamber with water),

b) Mode No. 2. “Filtering” (main mode of operation),

c) Mode No. 3. "Cleaning" (cleaning of the PFE from contamination with compressed air).

In the "Filling" mode, from the centralized water supply system through the inlet 16 and the electromagnetic valve 3, which is in the "open" position, water enters the filter chamber 1, in which preliminary cleaning of mechanical impurities larger than 10 microns is carried out. If the pressure and temperature of the tap water at the inlet do not exceed 10 atm and 40 ° C, respectively, then the filter chamber 1 is filled; at the same time, the indication “FILLING” is displayed on the screen of the liquid crystal display located on the front panel, as well as the values of the input pressure and temperature. After filling the filter chamber 1, in case the inlet pressure exceeds 0.5 atm, the electromagnetic valve 6 opens and the device switches to the “Filtration” operating mode. If the pressure of the water coming from the centralized water supply system does not exceed 0.5 atm, further operation of the device is blocked.

Tap water accumulates in the filtration chamber 1, its pressure increases, and when the water pressure exceeds 0.5 atm, the microfiltration process begins, and the device switches to work in the "Filtering" mode. The filtration chamber 1 is a cylindrical vessel made of stainless steel, inside of which are vertically placed two series-connected cartridge-type PFEs with an effective pore diameter of 10 μm, and two openings for entering and leaving water are located in the top cover. The hole for the outlet of purified water can also be used to supply compressed air during the cleaning of the PFE.

In the "Filtration" mode, the flow of filtered water is directed from the outer surface of the PFE to the inside. In the process of passing through the capillary-porous structure of the PFE, the tap water is cleaned of rust particles and other mechanical impurities larger than 10 microns.

The design of the filtration chamber 2, in which the final purification of water from contaminants larger than 1.0 μm is carried out, is similar to construction 1, however, the effective pore diameter of two series-connected PFCs is 1 μm. The process of water purification, which has been preliminarily purified in the filtration chamber 1, from mechanical impurities with particle sizes from 1 to 10 microns, proceeds similarly. Next, clarified and purified water through outlet 18 enters the consumer; while the electromagnetic valves 4, 5 are in the "closed" position, and the electromagnetic valve 6 is in the "open" position.

In the "Filtration" operating mode, the productivity is calculated (in l / min, according to the flowmeter), the pressure and temperature of the tap water at the inlet, and the purified and clarified water at the device outlet are measured. Received information about the operation of the device is shown on the display screen.

During the cleaning process, the pressure and temperature of the water at the inlet and outlet of the device are controlled by sensors 10, 12 and 11, 13, respectively. As the PFE is contaminated, the hydrodynamic resistance increases and the pressure drop between the input and output increases. Upon reaching critical values of the pressure drop (2.5 atm, as this value is set in the control program), the device automatically changes the operating mode: the operation in the "Filtering" mode is stopped and the "Cleaning" mode starts.

The "Cleaning" mode is carried out in two stages. First, the PVF is cleaned in the filtration chamber 1 (the corresponding indication on the display screen is “CLEANING 1”). At the second stage, the PPE is similarly cleaned in the filtration chamber 2 (indication on the display screen “CLEANING 2”).

In the “Cleaning” mode, the PMF is cleaned of contaminants by blowing cartridges with compressed air. In this case, the electromagnetic valves 3 and 6 are translated into the “closed” position, and the valve 8, which provides compressed air to the filter chamber 1 from the compressor 9, is in the “open” position. The PVF is cleaned in the filtration chamber 1. Upon completion of the PVF purge with compressed air, the compressor 9 stops working, and the electromagnetic valve 8 is put into the “closed” position. To remove the wash water that has passed countercurrent through the PFE into the filter chamber 1 under the action of compressed air, the electromagnetic valve 4 is moved to the “open” position. Wash water by gravity is drained into the sewer from the filter chamber 1.

To carry out the cleaning of the photomultiplier tubes located in the filtration chamber 2, the electromagnetic valves 4 and 8 are automatically switched to the “closed” position, and the valve 7 to the “open” position, the compressor 9 is turned on, and the photomultiplier is blown back with compressed air for a predetermined period of time . Then turn off the compressor 9, put the valve 7 in the "closed" position, and the solenoid valve 5 - in the "open" position. After the wash water is drained by gravity into the sewer, the valve 5 is moved to the “closed” position. Upon completion of the "Cleaning" mode, the device starts to work in the "Filtering" mode.

The device is stopped in any of the above modes by pressing the STOP button on the control panel. In this case, all the solenoid valves are closed, the compressor is turned off, and the “STOP” command is shown on the display screen. The device is completely turned off by switching the ON button to the off state.

TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC OR OTHER EFFICIENCY

Example. The table shows the results of the analysis of two samples of tap water, moreover, sample No. 1 was not purified, and sample No. 2 was purified using a microfiltration device. The test duration is 8 hours, the productivity of the automated microfiltration device is 2.0 m ³ / hour.

Water sample No. 1 does not meet the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 “Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems ”in terms of color, turbidity, total hardness and total iron.

Water sample No. 2 meets the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 “Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems ”in terms of color, turbidity, total hardness and total iron.

Thus, using the claimed microfiltration device, it is possible to achieve a technical result - clarification and purification of water, including tap water, from mechanical impurities, obtaining water that meets the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 "Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems ”in terms of color, turbidity, total iron.

Claims (2)

1. Microfiltration device for purifying water from mechanical impurities, including a filter, pipe fittings, a system of instrumentation and apparatus, characterized in that the filter is made in two sections, the first of the series connected sections containing two vertically mounted filter elements of cartridge type made of porous polyethylene, with micropore sizes of 10 microns, and the second has the same design and two similar filter elements with micropore sizes of 1.0 microns, p At the same time, the filter is regenerated by sequentially purging the sections with countercurrent compressed air without disassembling the device. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an automated control and monitoring system.

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