RU2659244C1 - Method of the cereal crops harvesting and grain harvester for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. During the grain crops harvesting with the grain harvester, performing the grain crop mowing by the harvesting machine, its threshing in the threshing device and the grain separation from the straw and chaff, with subsequent spreading of the latter over the field. Additionally separating the light impurities in the form of dust and weeds seeds in the aspiration chamber and sending them to the crushing device. Air is cleaned on the filters and reused for the grain heap cleansing. Providing the dust and weed seeds supply to the aspiration chamber fan is installed behind the sieves under the straw-walker.

EFFECT: invention enables reduction in the harvested fields content of impurities.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in combine harvesting technologies for grain separation with separation of weed seeds and dust in a closed cycle of air use, trauma to weeds.

A combine harvester is known in which, in order to provide a more complete cleaning of grain and straw from dusty elements of poisonous weeds by taking them to the ground with a glitch, bypassing the stacker, a window is formed in the bottom of the scooper, and a removable shutter is installed outside the window in front of the stacker (author's certificate. 377112, Authors of the invention: G.A. Koshevnikov, G. Atabaev, S.T. Akramov, Z.S. Abdulov and V.M. Redky, application 14.07.1971, published 17.8.1973. Bull. No. 18) .

The main disadvantage of this technical solution is the following: only dusty elements of poisonous weeds are separated, which are subsequently carried out to the field, which makes them possible to germinate, increasing the weediness of the massif. Part of the weed seeds remains in the grain material, which has a negative effect, especially due to an increase in the total moisture content of the grain material.

There is also known a method of harvesting grain crops and a grain harvesting machine for its implementation, during which the weed seeds are separated at the stage of separating grain heaps in the grain harvesting machine into separate straw and floor flows, scattering floor and straw across the field, subsequent trauma and crushing of weed seeds mechanically using a crushing device and scattering across the field as part of an organic fertilizer. (RF patent No. 2286045, A01D 91/04, A01D 41/00, A01 D 41/02. Method for harvesting the non-cereal part of the grain crops / A.V. Shindelov, V.M. Medvedchikov, filed September 6, 2004, publ. October 27, 2006, Bull. No. 30).

The disadvantages of this method are:

- isolation and crushing of seeds of weeds is carried out only in a heap on sieves, and seeds of weeds that are in a stream on a straw walker are carried out to the field together with threshing products and clog the array;

- at the same time, lightweight seeds of weeds are blown out by the air stream from the fan, together with the dust generated during grinding, create air pollution, thereby worsening the environmental situation;

- often the combine harvester is enveloped in dust with weed seeds weed, which impairs the visibility of the combine, increases the fire hazard and creates adverse conditions for the maintenance of the combine.

The technical task is to improve the process of separating impurities from the grain mass, reducing the clogging of harvested fields, maintaining a favorable environmental situation and ensuring the safe operation of the combine harvester by separating weed seeds and dust generated during threshing, with an air flow with a closed circulation cycle and distribution of the selected impurities with pre-crushed weed seeds in bound form over the field surface.

This is achieved by the fact that in the process of harvesting grain crops, dust and seeds of weeds are separated in streams on the sieves and after the straw walker by directed air flows created by a fan installed behind the sieves under the straw walker and having two suction channels, one for drawing air through a heap on sieves , the second for air drawing through threshing products falling from the straw walker, and the exhaust channel for feeding the selected weed seeds and dust particles to the suction chamber with filters.

To implement this method, a grain harvesting machine is used, consisting of a reaper, a threshing device and an air-sieve cleaning system with forced air drawing through threshing products on sieves and leaving the straw walker. This grain harvesting machine mows, threshes and separates the non-grain part into separate straw and floor flows, spreads the straw and floor throughout the field, and a fan is installed in the cleaning system (instead of the standard one) behind the main sieves to draw air through the grain heap on the sieves and through threshing products coming down from the straw walker, in order to separate weed seeds and dust, which are subsequently sent to the suction chamber, after which the weed seeds are sent to the crushing device for crushing and mechanical injuries, after which, together with the dust, they are emitted into the field in a single stream, the cleaned air is fed into the pre-resolved space for reuse.

In FIG. 1. schematically shows a harvesting machine for implementing this method of harvesting. In FIG. 2 presents a diagram of the flow of air and impurities in the proposed combine harvester.

This combine harvester 1 consists of a header 2, a threshing device 3, a straw walker 4. The cleaning system includes: top 5, middle 6, additional lower 7 sieves, spike 8 and grain 9 augers, ramp 10, crusher 11, fan 12 with two suction channels 13 and 14 and one outlet duct 15, an aspiration chamber 16 with filters 17 and a weed plant seed supply pipe 18.

Combine harvester 1 operates as follows:

The grain-stalk mass is mowed by the header 2 and transported to the threshing device 3, where it is threshed and divided into streams going to the straw walker 4 and the air-sieve cleaning system. Light weight impurities, consisting mainly of weed seeds and dust, are separated from the grain heap that has fallen on the upper sieve 5. Another part of the heap that passed through the upper sieve is the grain material together with unfrozen spikelets and weed seeds that fall on the middle sieve 6, from which the unfrozen spikelets are threshed with a spike auger 8, and the grain and small impurities passing through the sieve , fall on an additional lower sieve 7. On an additional sieve, 8 grains having large sizes go into the grain auger 9 and further into the hopper, and small impurities, consisting mainly of weed seeds, pass from the sieve is transported onto the ramp board 10, into the impurity screw and into the crushing device 11, where, passing between the rotating drum and the deck, they are crushed, injured and thrown onto the field surface. The air stream, which is drawn by the fan 12 through the suction channel 13, removes lightweight weed seeds and dust from the heap located on the sieves. This air stream carries away weed seeds and dust, which are not only in a heap on sieves, but also those components that are suspended in space above the sieves. Air is sucked in through channel 14, which penetrates the flow of threshing products falling from the straw walker and entrains dust particles and weed seeds, and the air flow draws in dust particles and weed seeds located in the flow and space behind the straw walker. Next, the stream of dust particles and weed seeds enters the suction chamber 16, where they settle and enter through the pipe 18 into the crushing device, and the air, having passed through the filters 17, is fed through the channel 15 into the pre-sieve space and is used to re-clean the grain heap.

This ensures a closed system for cleaning grain heaps with a limited concentration of dust and crushing, injuring weed seeds, which determines the absence of dust in the space near the combine and reducing the clogging of the agricultural background.

Claims (2)

1. A method of harvesting crops, including mowing, threshing and dividing the non-grain part in the grain harvester into separate straw and floor streams, spreading the straw and floor in the field, isolating weed seeds from the grain pile, crushing and traumatizing them mechanically, characterized in that which additionally separates lightweight impurities in the form of dust and weed seeds using an air stream that is pulled in two directions, namely through a heap on sieves and threshing products falling from a straw walker, it air used for separating the seeds of weeds and dust purified by aspiration chamber and filters and re-directed to the purification of the heap. 2. Combine harvester, including header, threshing device, air-sieve cleaning system, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with an aspiration chamber with filters, a fan installed behind the sieves under a straw walker.

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