RU2243642C1 - Grain combine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment used in cereal and leguminous crop harvesting machines.

SUBSTANCE: grain combine has header with inclined chamber, device for preliminary threshing of grain, threshing unit with cleaning sieves and hoppers for receiving grain from preliminary threshing device and from threshing unit. Preliminary threshing device is mounted between header and inclined chamber and is made in the form of paired upper and lower rolls positioned for rotation in opposite directions. Paired rolls are provided with gap adjusting mechanisms. Each roll of preliminary threshing device is made in the form of hollow shaft with pins and blade extending tangentially to hollow shaft surface. When mechanism for adjustment of gaps between rolls in pairs is in its initial fixed position, blades are extending at right angles with respect to one another.

EFFECT: improved quality of seed material and substantial reduction of power consumed for threshing procedure.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for harvesting grain and leguminous crops, including and lightly damaged legumes and chickpeas.

A known combine harvester comprising a header, an inclined chamber, a device for pre-threshing grain with a sieve located below it, a screw, an elevator, a threshing machine, a straw straw walker, a stacker, a cleaning sieve and silos for receiving grain, respectively, from a preliminary threshing device and a threshing device, A device for pre-threshing grain is installed between the header and an inclined chamber, in which a device for pre-threshing grain is made in the form of two yards two upper and two lower rollers, the upper tier being spring loaded and equipped with a mechanism for adjusting the gaps between them and the lower tier rollers, which are mounted to rotate towards the upper tier rollers, while the auger is located under the pre-threshing screen (RU, patent No. 2202165 C2 IPC ⁷ A 01 D 41/00, 41/02, 41/12, A 01 F 12/18. Combine harvester / Tseplyaev AN, A.I. Ryadnov, O.A. Fedorova (RU) - Application No. 2000109659/13; Claimed 04/17/2000; Publ. 04/20/2003, Bull. No. 12 // Inventions. Industrial designs. - 2003. - No. 12).

The disadvantages of the described combine harvester in relation to the problem we are solving are threshing of leguminous fodder crops - chickpeas for seed and fodder purposes - include unacceptable crushing, collapse and crushing of the largest, biologically valuable chickpea seeds. This is caused by slats on the surface of the rolls. The described device for preliminary threshing does not have the properties of a straw separator and does not emit threshed chickpea seeds from the compressed layer.

The essence of the claimed invention

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to improve the quality of threshed chickpea seeds.

The technical result is a reduction in energy consumption and trauma to the seed of chickpea.

An accelerated technical result is achieved by the fact that in a well-known combine harvester, including a header, an inclined chamber, a device for pre-threshing grain with a sieve located below it, an auger, an elevator, a threshing machine, a keyboard squeezer, a stacker, a cleaning sieve and silos for receiving grain, respectively, from the device for preliminary threshing and threshing apparatus, moreover, a device for preliminary threshing of grain is installed between the header and the inclined chamber and made in the form of installed with possible with the possibility of rotation towards each other, pairs of upper and lower rollers having mechanisms for adjusting the gaps between the rollers in pairs, and under the lower rollers are mounted a sieve and screw for transporting threshed seeds to the seed hopper, according to the invention, each roller of the preliminary threshing device is made in the form hollow shaft with pins and blades placed tangentially to the surface of the hollow shaft, while the blades in the initial fixed position of the mechanism for adjusting the gaps between the rollers in the pairs of mounts orthogonally us.

Due to the fact that the pre-threshing device separates chickpea seeds from the stem flow by shockless impact and intensive separation of seed allocation, the above technical result is achieved.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a combine harvester with a device for pre-threshing grain in an inclined chamber.

In Fig.2 - place A in Fig.1, the relative position of the blades in the upper and lower rollers when setting the required size of the threshing gap.

Figure 3 is a section bB in figure 1, a transverse vertical section of a pair of rollers and a mechanism for adjusting the gaps between them.

Information confirming the possibility of the claimed invention are as follows.

Combine harvester (see Fig. 1) includes a header with a reel 1, with a regulating device 2 and a screw conveyor 3 and supporting skis 4, an inclined chamber 5 with a chain-slider conveyor 6, a device 7 for pre-threshing grain with a sieve located underneath 8 and auger 9, elevator 10 for supplying biologically valuable grain, receiving beater 11, threshing device 12 with deck 13, breaker beater 14 above the finger grate 15, two-shaft four-stage four-button straw walker 16, stacker 17 with straw and half picker 18, t blank board 19, windsheet cleaning 20 with fan 21, grain auger 22, grain elevator 23, spike auger 24, spike elevator 25, small spike auger 26, engine 27, drive axle 28, steering axle 29, hoppers 30 and 31 for receiving grain, respectively, from the device 7 for preliminary threshing and threshing apparatus 12, separated by a partition 32 for sequential unloading by an unloading screw 33 when transferring the protective casing 34 to one of the positions. A device 7 for pre-threshing grain is installed between the header 1 and the inclined chamber 5 made in the form of installed with the possibility of rotation towards each other from the upper 35 and 36 and lower 37 and 38 rollers. Rollers 35, 36 and 37, 38 have mechanisms 39 for adjusting the gaps between the pair rollers 35, 36, 37 and 38. Under the lower rollers 36 and 38, a sieve 8 and screw 9 are mounted for transporting threshed seeds to a biologically valuable seed grain bin 30.

Each drum (see Figs. 1-3) 35 (36, 37, 38) of the pre-threshing device 7 is made in the form of a hollow shaft 40 with pins 41 and 42 and blades 43. The blades 43 are placed tangentially to the surface of the hollow shaft by means of brackets 44 40.

The blades 43 in the pairs of rollers 35, 36 and 37, 38 in the initial fixed position of the mechanism 39 for adjusting the threshing gaps between the rollers 35 and 36, 37 and 38 are mounted orthogonally (see figure 2).

In each pair of rollers 35, 36, 37 and 38 of the pre-threshing device 7, the mechanism 39 for adjusting the gaps between the rollers 35, 36 and 37, 38 is made in the form of a synchronizing gear 45, for example, from a pair of isometric gears 46 and 47. The hub 48 of the gear 46 it is connected to the pin 42 of the upper roller by means of, for example, a wedge key 49. The hub 50 of the gear 47 is placed on the pin 42 of the lower roller 36 (38) for free rotation and is connected to the pin 42 by means of the flange 51 of the tongue key 52 and fastening means 53 located in threaded openings stupas the pin 50 of the gear 47 and in the holes on the peripheral part of the flange 51. The hub 54 of the flange 51 on the threaded part of the pin 42 is held by the nuts 55.

The pins 41 and 42 of the rollers 35-38 are placed by means of spherical self-aligning bearings 56 of a single lubrication in the housings 57, mounted on the side walls 58 and 59 of the inclined chamber 5.

With direct combining, the stems of legumes, in that force and chickpeas, are cut with a cutting device 2 on the header. With thresher blades 1, the stems are laid on the turns of the screw conveyor 3. The stems flow is narrowed and fed into the cavity of the inclined chamber 5. The cut height of the chickpea stalks is set within 5 ... 6 cm with support skis 4. When the stems enter the inclined chamber 5, the blades 43 of the upper and the lower rollers 35 and 36 interact with them, applying to the cycle of pulses, separating the legumes from the stems, threshing them. The second pair of rollers 37 and 38 is an intensive separation of threshed chickpea seeds from compressed and dried layers of threshed stems. Due to vibration and large amplitudes of the stem flow, up to 50 ... 60% of the grain is released from the fed mass. The threshed grain through a sieve 8 falls into the casing of the transverse screw, from which the longitudinal screw 9 moves into the elevator 10. The elevator 10 is larger, the full-weight grain rises into the hopper 30 for seed purposes.

Partially threshed stalks of the chain-slat conveyor 6 from the cavity of the inclined chamber 5 are moved to the threshing drum 12. In the threshing space between the bar-slat deck 13 and the pests of the rotating threshing apparatus 12, commodity grain is grinded. With a chipping beater 14 along the finger grate 15, the straw pile is sent to the surface of the straw walker 16. Selected seeds and bumps from both the straw walker 16 and the deck 13 are fed to the surface of the transport board 19. Wind-screen cleaning 20 together with the fan 21 occurs the selection of pure marketable grain, which is sent by a grain auger 22 and elevator 23 to a tanker 31 for marketable grain.

When filling the hoppers 30 and 31 with chickpea seeds, the hopper 31 is first unloaded with the unloading screw 33. Then the protective casing 34 is moved to the hopper 31. With the same screw 33, the seed, biologically valuable grain is unloaded from the hopper 30.

Combine harvester with device 7 will allow you to select uninjured grain from the stem flow and collect in a separate hopper for later use for seed and long-term storage.

Claims (2)

1. Combine harvester, including a header, an inclined chamber, a device for pre-threshing grain with a sieve located below it, a screw, an elevator, a threshing machine, a straw walker, a stacker, cleaning sieves and silos for receiving grain, respectively, from the pre-threshing device and threshing machine moreover, a device for pre-threshing grain is installed between the header and the tilting chamber and is made in the form of pairs of upper and lower mounted with the possibility of rotation towards each other rollers having mechanisms for adjusting the gaps between the rollers in pairs, and a sieve and auger are mounted under the lower rollers for transporting threshed seeds to the seed hopper, characterized in that each roller of the preliminary threshing device is made in the form of a hollow shaft with trunnions and a blade placed tangentially to the surface of the hollow shaft, while the blades in the initial fixed position of the mechanism for adjusting the gaps between the rollers in pairs are mounted orthogonally. 2. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that in each pair the mechanism for adjusting the gaps between the rollers is made in the form of a synchronizing gear, for example, from a pair of isometric gear gears, the hub of one of which is connected to the axle of the upper roller by, for example, keys, and the hub of the other gear is placed on the pin of the lower roller for free rotation and is connected to the pin by means of a flange and fastening means.

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