RU2528577C1 - Device for control over power efficiency of artificial bioenergetics systems - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: instrument making.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device comprises the set of transducers, switchboard, indicator, five adders, three two-way switches, divider and unity addition unit. Note here that this device is connected by primary transducers to check points (energy operators) of artificial bioenergetics system. Switchboard is used for separate addition of energy from outputs of transducers connected to different types of energy operators to form the numerical magnitude of power intensity to be displaced at indicator.

EFFECT: accelerated response, higher reliability.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the electric power industry and to information-measuring equipment and can be used to automatically control the energy efficiency of artificial bioenergy systems in agriculture.

The concept of an artificial bioenergy system (IBEC) covers the totality of energy systems, technical means, and the corresponding processes of mutual conversion of energy of various types and transfer of substances (energy technological processes (ETP)) aimed at agricultural biological objects, the purpose of which is to create conditions for these processes in in order to obtain intermediate and final products [Rakutko S.A. Energy assessment and optimization of biotechnological agricultural systems. // Bulletin of RAAS. - 2009. - No. 4. - S. 89-92].

Energy efficiency is understood as the characteristics reflecting the ratio of the beneficial effect of the use of energy resources to the costs of energy resources produced in order to obtain such an effect. As a numerical characteristic of the energy efficiency of the system, an energy intensity indicator is calculated, calculated as the ratio of the energy consumed by the system to the value characterizing the result of the functioning of this system [GOST R51387-1999. Energy saving. Normative and methodological support. Key Points.].

A device for monitoring energy efficiency in energy systems, comprising a set of voltage and current sensors, a switch, an analog-to-digital converter, read-only memory, telemetry transceiver, electronic indicator, manual control, power supply, non-volatile random-access memory, timer, digital computing system clock distributor [Pat. RF №2121697. An electronic nodal counter of multichannel reception and distributed electricity consumption.].

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the inability to measure the values of various types of energy (except electric).

The closest technical solution is a device for monitoring the efficiency of energy use in consumer energy systems, containing a set of measuring transducers, a switch, read-only memory, a memory unit, a computer, indicator, control device, decision block, interface device, touch screen, timer [Pat. RF №2458445. Device for monitoring energy efficiency in consumer energy systems.].

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are as follows:

1. The use of a serial switch, which, when taking measurements, alternately connects the outputs of the measuring transducers to the input of the memory block, reduces the speed of the device, since it takes time to switch taking into account the transients that occur during this.

2. The use of microprocessor technology (memory block, control device, decision block, calculator, control device) requires preliminary programming of the device, which complicates the work with it.

3. A significant number of circuit elements of the device leads to the complexity of its technical implementation and reduce reliability.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a quick, simple, reliable and easy-to-use device for the operational measurement of the energy intensity of IBEC, which is used to judge its energy efficiency.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the device for monitoring the energy efficiency of artificial bioenergy systems contains a set of measuring transducers, a switch, an indicator, five adders, three on-off switches, a divider, an addition unit with a unit, and the outputs of the measuring transducers are connected to the corresponding inputs of the switch, the outputs of which connected to the corresponding inputs of the first, second and third adders, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding movable contacts of on-off switches, the first and second fixed contacts of which are respectively connected to the inputs of the fourth and fifth adders, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the divider, the output of which is connected to the input of the addition unit with a unit whose output is connected to the indicator input.

Significant new features: the presence of five adders, three on-off switches, a divider, an addition unit with one, the outputs of the measuring transducers connected to the corresponding inputs of the switch, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the first, second and third adders, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding movable contacts of the on-off switches, the first and second fixed contacts of which are respectively connected to the inputs of the fourth and fifth adders, outputs to which are connected by the inputs of the divider, the output of which is connected to the input of the addition unit with a unit, the output of which is connected to the indicator input.

The technical result is ensured by the fact that:

1. A switch is used, during measurements, constantly connecting the outputs of the measuring transducers located at the control points of the IBEC with the predefined inputs of the first, second and third adders. This increases the speed of the device, since no time is wasted switching the measuring channels.

2. The circuitry implemented set of blocks and the corresponding functional relationships for determining the energy intensity does not require prior programming of the device, which simplifies working with it.

3. A small number of circuit elements of the device determines the simplicity of its technical implementation and high reliability.

The listed new essential features in conjunction with the known ones allow to obtain a technical result in all cases to which the requested amount of legal protection applies.

The proposed device differs from the known ones by the presence of additionally introduced units and corresponding functional connections, which provide an increase in speed, reliability and ease of operation when monitoring the energy efficiency of IBES.

The possibility of using the proposed device in agriculture, the popularity of the means and methods by which it is possible to implement the invention in the described form, allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The analysis of the prior art did not reveal a tool that is characterized by all the features of the invention, expressed by the formula, which indicates the compliance of the proposed device with the criterion of "novelty."

The essence of the invention does not follow for a specialist explicitly from the prior art, since no solutions having features coinciding with its distinguishing features have been identified. The analysis of the prior art did not reveal the popularity of the influence of signs that coincide with the distinctive features of the claimed invention on the main technical result (the ability to measure the energy intensity of the IBEC, characterizing its energy efficiency, a predetermined grouping of signals taken from the measuring transducers located at the control points of the IBEC, implemented additionally entered blocks and corresponding functional relationships), which indicates an inventive step proposed technical solutions.

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a device for monitoring the energy efficiency of IBEC: 1 ... 12 - measuring transducers, 13 - switch, 14 - first adder (adder of energy released by the integrated energy operators of IBEC), 15 - second adder (adder of energy released on differential energy operators of IBEC), 16 - the third adder (adder of energy released by proportional energy operators of the IBEC), 17 ... 19 - on-off switches, 20 - the fourth adder (adder of dissipative energy), 21 - fifth the fourth adder (adder of conservative energy), 22 is the divider, 23 is the addition unit with unit, 24 is the indicator.

Figure 2 shows an example of the structure of IBEC: 1 ... 12 - measuring transducers, 25 ... 28 - energy operators included in the preliminary ETP of production for sale (ETP _P ), 29 ... 33 - energy operators that are part of the main ETP production products for sale (ETP _O ), 34 ... 36 - energy operators that are part of the ETP to ensure microclimate conditions (ETP _M ), 37 - the ETP _P block, 38 - the ETP block _O , 39 - the ETP _M block, 40 - IBES.

The conditional boundaries of the IBEC at the entrance is the installation site of commercial meters for the consumption of all types of energy ∑Q, and at the output, the place of recording the quantity of products ∑P. When conducting ETP in the system, in addition to the useful use of energy, energy losses ΔQ occur.

The processes taking place in complex agricultural IBECs can be reduced to a certain set of typical processes of energy conversion and matter transfer that occur in individual objects that make up the system.

IBES can be represented by a combination of the following objects and the corresponding electronic electronic signature (figure 2):

1. The agricultural biological object itself, which is the subject of energy impact (plant, animal, other biological objects). The purpose of the energy consumed is the direct implementation of the main energy technological process of production for sale (ETP _O ).

2. Technical means of providing a microclimate. The energy consumed goes to the electronic energy supply for ensuring the living conditions - heating, lighting, ventilation, air conditioning, etc. (ETP _M ).

3. Biological and technical means of preparing the main ETP processing of an agricultural biological object. The energy costs here are due to the need for preliminary preparation of the conditions for the implementation of the main energy technological process (preliminary ETP _P ).

Each real IBEC facility (installation or process) can be represented by either one or a combination of energy operators (EA).

For example, an electric motor, which is a device for converting electrical energy into rotational motion, while controlling its energy efficiency as an object that makes up an IBEC, can be represented by a combination of contacts, windings, electric and magnetic fields, etc. An irradiation installation, which is a device for converting electrical energy into energy of an optical field, can be represented by a combination of an electric power source, a radiation source, a reflector, etc.

When controlling energy efficiency, each EA is singled out in such a way as to reflect certain properties of the corresponding real object:

1) Operators - sources that create potential or kinetic energy of various types. Examples are voltage and current sources, motors, compressors, pumps.

2) Operators that dissipate energy (friction sections, capillaries, nozzles, dampers).

3) Operators with the ability to accumulate energy (capacitors, flywheels, massive moving elements, heat storage).

4) Operators characterizing the inertial effect (inductive coils, springs).

The set of active and passive EOs that make up the IBES structure and are conditionally interconnected by lines of mutual influence of physical quantities characterizing the energy state of operators form energy chains (ECs). Mathematically, the composition and structure of ECs can be described by pole equations that reflect the properties of each EO in the form of a functional relationship between two physical quantities characterizing its state.

The first type of physical quantities under consideration can be recorded by measuring transducers connected in parallel with the poles of the EO, without breaking the circuitry of the EC (voltmeters, manometers, thermometers, speedometers). These values characterize the state of the EO relative to its poles (voltage, pressure, temperature difference, speed) and are called longitudinal variables (or coordinates) ξ (τ).

Another type of values can be recorded by measuring transducers connected in series with the EO to the break point of the EC connection diagram (ammeters, dynamometers, flowmeters). These values characterize the state of the EO with respect to the cross section of the direction of energy flowing through them (current, power, energy carrier consumption) and are called transverse variables (or coordinates) ζ (τ).

Active energy operators (AEOs) are EC elements, which are energy sources (pressure, voltage, heat, etc.).

Passive energy operators (PEOs) are EC elements that do not have independent sources of longitudinal ξ (τ) and transverse ζ (τ) coordinates (or having such sources, but whose sums of coordinates of the same name are equal to zero).

The application of one type of coordinate (ξ (τ) or ζ (τ)) to the PEO causes the latter reaction in the form of the appearance of a coordinate of another type (respectively, ζ (τ) or ξ (τ)). The reaction depends on the properties of the PEO and the bonds between them. The numerical characteristic of the reaction for PEO _i is the reaction index (PR) R _i . In accordance with the type of reaction of the coordinate-effect to the coordinate-cause, three types of PEOs can be distinguished (the names “proportional”, “differential” and “integral” adopted below are arbitrary and are taken as mathematical expressions on the right side of the formula describing the dependencies ζ = f ( ξ)).

The proportional passive energy operator (PEO ⁿ ) is a component that reflects the irreversible process of converting energy into heat. PR for PEO ⁿ is a quantity characterizing the intensity of a given effect R _n (electrical conductivity, friction coefficient, torsional resistance, pneumatic conductivity). When the longitudinal coordinate ξ (τ) is applied to the PEO ⁿ , the transverse coordinate ζ (τ) arises, proportional to the magnitude of the applied action

$$\zeta \left(\tau \right)=R_n\xi \left(\tau \right).\left(\text{one}\right)$$

The differential passive energy operator (PEO ^∂ ) is the component that prevents the longitudinal coordinate ξ (τ) from changing. This operator accumulates kinetic energy. PR for PEO ^∂ is a quantity characterizing the inertial effect of the carrier R _∂ (capacitor capacitance, body mass, moment of inertia, pneumatic elasticity). When the longitudinal coordinate ξ (τ) acting on the PEO ^∂ changes, the transverse coordinate ζ (τ) arises, proportional to the change in the applied effect

$$\zeta \left(\tau \right)=R_{\partial }\frac{d\xi \left(\tau \right)}{d\tau }.\left(\text{2}\right)$$

The integral passive energy operator (PEO ^u ) is a component that prevents the change of the transverse coordinate ζ (τ). This operator accumulates potential energy. PR for PEO ^u , characterizing this effect, is the value of R _u (coil inductance, spring stiffness, torsional stiffness, pneumatic inertness). When the longitudinal coordinate ξ (τ) acting on the PEO ^u changes, the transverse coordinate ζ (τ) arises, proportional to the integral of the applied action

$$\zeta \left(\tau \right)=R_u{\displaystyle \int d\xi \left(\tau \right)}.\left(\text{3}\right)$$

Energy is a quantitative characteristic of a transported substance and is determined by the formula

$$Q\left(\tau \right)=\zeta \left(\tau \right)\xi \left(\tau \right).\left(\text{four}\right)$$

Three types of energy are distinguished: kinetic, potential and thermal. Kinetic energy is determined by the longitudinal coordinate. In EC, kinetic energy is referred to as PEO ^∂ .

Its value is determined by the formula

$$Q_{\partial }\left(\tau \right)=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{R_{\partial }}\zeta \left(\tau \right){\displaystyle \int \zeta \left(\tau \right)}d\tau .\left(\text{5}\right)$$

The potential energy is determined by the transverse coordinate. In EC, kinetic energy is referred to as PEO ^u . Its value is determined by the formula

$$Q_u\left(\tau \right)=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{R_u}\zeta \left(\tau \right)\frac{d\zeta \left(\tau \right)}{d\tau }.\left(\text{6}\right)$$

Thermal energy in EC is referred to as PEO ⁿ . Its value is determined by the formula

$$Q_n\left(\tau \right)=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{R_n}{\zeta }^2\left(\tau \right).\left(\text{7}\right)$$

является полезно используемой в данном ЭТП. Диссипативными будем считать i-e операторы, энергия на которых $$Q_i^{дис}$$

не оказывает полезного влияния на результаты ЭТП и должна быть отнесена к потерям.We will consider conservative ie the EC operators, the energy on which $$Q_i^{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}n}$$

It is useful used in this ETP. We assume that we are dissipative, i.e., operators whose energy $$Q_i^{d\mathrm{and}\mathrm{from}}$$

does not have a beneficial effect on the results of ETP and should be attributed to losses.

For example, in heating installations, the thermal energy released on the proportional PEO ⁿ is useful (it should be attributed to conservative operators), while the remaining types of energy should be attributed to losses, i.e. dissipative operators should be considered differential PEO ^∂ and integral PEO ^u . In other cases, the energy released on the proportional PEO ⁿ , i.e. energy on differential PEO ^∂ and integral PEO ^u (conservative operators) is useful, and PEO ⁿ are dissipative operators.

In general, the energy supplied to the IBEC

$$\Sigma Q_i^{P\mathrm{about}d\mathrm{at}.}\left(\tau \right)=\Sigma Q_i^{d\mathrm{and}\mathrm{from}}\left(\tau \right)+\Sigma Q_i^{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}n.}\left(\tau \right).\left(\text{8}\right)$$

Useful energy

$$\Sigma Q_i^{\mathrm{and}\mathrm{from}P.}\left(\tau \right)=\Sigma Q_i^{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}n}\left(\tau \right).\left(\text{9}\right)$$

The energy intensity value of IBES is determined by the expression

$$\epsilon \left(\tau \right)=\frac{\Sigma Q_i^{P\mathrm{about}d\mathrm{at}.}\left(\tau \right)}{\Sigma Q_i^{\mathrm{and}\mathrm{from}P.}\left(\tau \right)}=\frac{\Sigma Q_i^{d\mathrm{and}\mathrm{from}}\left(\tau \right)+\Sigma Q_i^{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}n}\left(\tau \right)}{\Sigma Q_i^{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}n}\left(\tau \right)}=\mathrm{one}+\frac{\Sigma Q_i^{d\mathrm{and}\mathrm{from}}\left(\tau \right)}{\Sigma Q_i^{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}n}\left(\tau \right)}.\left(\text{10}\right)$$

Thus, to control the energy efficiency of the IBEC, it is necessary to analyze the processes occurring in the system, connect the primary converters to the control points of the system (selected PEO _i ), determine the energy values at the control points, using a switch, ensure separate summation of energy from the outputs of the converters connected to the PEO ⁿ , PEO ^∂ and PEO ^u , relate the obtained values of the total energies to dissipative and conservative types, form the energy intensity and display it on the indicator.

A device for monitoring the energy efficiency of IBEC consists of a set of measuring transducers 1 ... 12 (for example, in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 they are shown in the amount of 12 pcs.) Located at the IBEC control points, for example, voltage and current, force and speed, pressure and flow.

The outputs of the measuring transducers are connected to the corresponding inputs of the switch 13, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the first 14, second 15 and third 16 adders, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding movable contacts of the on-off switches 17 ... 19, the first and second fixed contacts of which are respectively connected to the inputs of the fourth 20 and fifth 21 adders, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the divider 22, the output of which is connected to the input of the addition unit with unit 23, the output of which is connected is connected with the indicator input 24. When monitoring the energy efficiency of the IBEC during its operation, the i-th primary converters determine the energy Q _i (τ) for the time instants τ at the control points of the system as the product of the measured longitudinal ξ (τ) (voltage, linear or angular velocity , pressure, etc.) and transverse ζ (τ) coordinates (current, force or torque, flow, etc.). Based on the nature of the processes occurring in the IBEC, the PEO _i corresponding to these control points are preliminarily classified into proportional PEO ⁿ , differential PEO ^∂ and integral PEO ^u .

на вход сумматора 14, на выходе которого формируется значение суммы энергии на всех интегральных операторах системы $$\Sigma Q_i^u\left(\tau \right)$$

. Сигналы от всех ПЭО^∂ системы $$Q_i^{\partial }\left(\tau \right)$$

подаются на вход сумматора 15, на выходе которого формируется значение суммы энергии на всех дифференциальных операторах системы $$\Sigma Q_i^{\partial }\left(\tau \right)$$

. Сигналы со всех ПЭОⁿ системы $$Q_i^n\left(\tau \right)$$

подаются на вход сумматора 16, на выходе которого формируется значение суммы энергии на всех пропорциональных операторах системы $$\Sigma Q_i^n\left(\tau \right)$$

.The switch 13 provides signals from all PEO ^u system $$Q_i^u\left(\tau \right)$$

to the input of the adder 14, the output of which is formed by the value of the sum of energy on all integral operators of the system $$\Sigma Q_i^u\left(\tau \right)$$

. Signals from all PEO ^∂ systems $$Q_i^{\partial }\left(\tau \right)$$

fed to the input of the adder 15, the output of which is formed by the value of the sum of energy on all differential operators of the system $$\Sigma Q_i^{\partial }\left(\tau \right)$$

. Signals from all PEO ⁿ systems $$Q_i^n\left(\tau \right)$$

fed to the input of the adder 16, the output of which is formed by the value of the sum of energy on all proportional operators of the system $$\Sigma Q_i^n\left(\tau \right)$$

.

By switching the on / off switches 17 ... 19 it is set whether dissipative or conservative operators include PEO ⁿ , PEO ^∂ and PEO ^u allocated for analysis.

формируется на выходе сумматора 20, консервативной $$\Sigma Q_i^{кон}\left(\tau \right)$$

- на выходе сумматора 21. Делитель 22 и блок сложения с единицей 23 формирует численное значение величины энергоемкости ε(τ), которая отображается на индикаторе 24.The numerical value of the total dissipative energy $$\Sigma Q_i^{d\mathrm{and}\mathrm{from}}\left(\tau \right)$$

is formed at the output of the adder 20, a conservative $$\Sigma Q_i^{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}n}\left(\tau \right)$$

- at the output of the adder 21. The divider 22 and the addition unit with unit 23 generates a numerical value of the energy intensity ε (τ), which is displayed on the indicator 24.

Example. In the structure of the IBES (figure 2), control points are highlighted, to which the measuring transducers 1 ... 12 are connected. Real IBEC facilities are presented as PEO _i . The table for each PEO _i as a component of the IBEC indicates its type and readings Q _i (τ) of the measuring transducer associated with this operator

PEO number, i Type of PEO _i Q _i (τ), conv. units PEO number, i Type of PEO _i Q _i (τ), conv. units PEO number, i Type of PEO _i Q _i (τ), conv. units one Peo ^u 12.3 5 Peo ^u 11.7 9 PEO ⁿ 5.9 2 Peo ^u 1,5 6 PEO ^∂ 6.8 10 Peo ^u 9.2 3 PEO ⁿ 7.8 7 PEO ⁿ 4.6 eleven PEO ^∂ 10,4 four Peo ^u 3.9 8 PEO ^∂ 2.1 12 PEO ⁿ 8.5

Total energy on PEO ^u

$$\Sigma Q_i^u\left(\tau \right)=12.3+1.5+3.9+11.7+9.2=38.6\mathrm{at}\mathrm{from}l.ed.$$

Total energy on PEO ^∂

$$\Sigma Q_i^{\partial }\left(\tau \right)=6.8+2.1+\mathrm{10,4}=19.3\mathrm{at}\mathrm{from}l.ed.$$

Total energy on PEO ⁿ

$$\Sigma Q_i^n\left(\tau \right)=7.8+4.6+5.9+8.5=26.8\mathrm{at}\mathrm{from}l.ed.$$

Based on the nature of the processes occurring in the IBEC and their influence on the final result, differential and integral operators are classified as conservative, and proportional ones as dissipative. In this case, the movable contacts of the on-off switches 17 and 18 are transferred to the lower, and the on-off switch 19 to the upper according to the position diagram.

Total energy on conservative PEO

$$\Sigma Q_i^{\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}n}\left(\tau \right)=\Sigma Q_i^{\partial }\left(\tau \right)+\Sigma Q_i^u\left(\tau \right)=38.6+19.3=57.9\mathrm{at}\mathrm{from}l.ed.$$

Total energy on dissipative PEO

$$\Sigma Q_i^{d\mathrm{and}\mathrm{from}}\left(\tau \right)=\Sigma Q_i^n\left(\tau \right)=26.8\mathrm{at}\mathrm{from}l.ed.$$

The numerical value of the energy intensity

$$\epsilon \left(\tau \right)=\mathrm{one}+\frac{26.8}{57.9}=1.46\mathrm{about}tn.ed.$$

From the physical meaning of the energy intensity (which follows from its definition), the obtained numerical value should be interpreted as follows: when the energy consumption is 1.46 conventional units Useful 1.0 conv. and 0.46 conventional units relate to losses, i.e. 46% of the energy used in IBEC is losses.

Thus, the use of this device allows you to monitor the energy efficiency of IBES in terms of energy intensity.

Claims (1)

A device for monitoring the energy efficiency of artificial bioenergy systems, containing a set of measuring transducers, a switch, an indicator, characterized in that it further comprises five adders, three on-off switches, a divider, an addition unit with a unit, the outputs of the measuring transducers connected to the corresponding inputs of the switch, the outputs of which are connected with the corresponding inputs of the first, second and third adders, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding movable and DIP switch contacts, first and second stationary contacts are respectively connected to the inputs of the fourth and fifth adders, whose outputs are connected to inputs of a divider whose output is connected to the input of summation block unit, whose output is connected to the input of the indicator.

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