RU2458445C1 - Device to monitor efficiency of power usage in consumer power systems - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: device to monitor efficiency of power usage in consumer power systems comprising a set of current and voltage sensors connected to a switchboard, a permanent memory, outputs of metering converters are connected via the switchboard with a memory unit, the input-output of which is connected with a calculator, and its outputs are connected with an input of an electronic indicator, the inputs of which are connected also with outputs of the memory unit, the control device and the decision-making unit, inputs of the latter are connected with outputs of the memory unit, the calculator and the input-output of the control device, which with its inputs-outputs is also connected to the interface device, the memory unit and the sensor screen, at the same time the control device input is connected with the timer output.

EFFECT: expansion of functional capabilities.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the electric power industry and to information-measuring equipment and can be used for automatic control and management of energy efficiency of consumer energy systems.

Known devices for recording flight information, for example, an on-board registration device BUR-1 (see Operating Instructions 6L1.500.023RE. Unit for collecting parametric information BSPI-4. Leningrad, Publishing House "Pribor", 1982), containing analog signal switches and signal normalizers by type and / or level, connected to the inputs of a single-channel analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a discrete signal switch with a signal conditioner by level, a device for measuring time intervals, a synchronization device and a control Lenia, software management device that provides a survey of switches and connection channels normalizers for a given object program, and driver output data frame input to the data logger.

These recording devices are characterized by significant hardware costs due to the presence of signal normalizers depending on their type and shape, complex synchronization systems and program control that do not involve the use of computer technology, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the reliability of the device.

A device for collecting and recording information, including a switch of analog parameters and an amplifier of millivolt (mV) signals, connected to the input of the voltage converter - code, a program control device and a data acquisition device with a synchronizer connected to their inputs, a one-time command switch connected by two-way communication to data collection device, as well as a block of serial code receivers connected to the first RAM, which is connected by two-way communication with the control device, the device triplets and converter control codes which are outputs of the device outputs inverter voltage - code is designed as a multi-channel analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The device is additionally equipped with a frequency signal switch connected to the input of the program control device, as well as an onboard microcomputer (BTsVM), a control command generator and a transmitter of sequential codes interconnected by two-way communication, and the BTsVM is connected by two-way communication with the program control device, control device and device data collection and one-time command switch, serial code receivers are connected by two-way communication to the first operational memory the device (RAM) and the control device, and the built-in control device and the code converter are connected by two-way communication with the data acquisition device (RF patent No. 2125239, G01D 9/00, G01D 9/28. Information collection and recording device).

The disadvantages of this device include the inability to register and visually control the parameters of technological processes due to the purely specialized input signals (analog, frequency, one-time commands and serial codes), its complexity. Using the device in the field (production) conditions is difficult - due to the current control of the recorded parameters and the lack of control of losses in the energy networks of the enterprise, their distribution by units of equipment, operational control of the products received from the energy and their specific energy intensity, and the device does not allow reconfigure other sensors that measure parameters of a different nature and physical nature.

A device is known - an electronic nodal counter for multichannel generation and distribution of electricity consumption, comprising a terminal block, a set of voltage sensors, a set of output channel current sensors, a sensor switch, an analog-to-digital converter, read-only memory, a telemetry transceiver, an electronic indicator, a manual control unit, a unit power supply, to the input of which the mains voltage is supplied, and from its outputs secondary voltages are supplied to the power terminals of all of electronic node counter, non-volatile random access memory and timer, f, where 1 <f≅F, the supply voltage of the corresponding input channels, and n, where 1 <n≅N, channel current signals from the output channels, are connected to the terminals of the terminal block f-1 sets of voltage sensors, f sets of current sensors for input channels, n-1 sets of current sensors for output channels, the sensors mentioned are connected to the corresponding terminals of the terminal block, in addition, f-1 sensor switches are introduced, f-1 is an anal ogo-digital converters, a switch for read-only memory modules, a switch for analog-to-digital converters, an electronic indicator switch, a digital computer system, a clock distributor, read-only memory device made in the form of f modules, the outputs of the sensors are connected to the corresponding inputs of the sensor switches of the corresponding channels, the outputs of the sensor switches are connected to the inputs of the analog-to-digital converters of the corresponding channels, the outputs a tax-to-digital converters are connected to the corresponding inputs of the switch of analog-to-digital converters, outputs connected to the corresponding first inputs of the digital computing system, the control inputs of the memory modules are connected to the corresponding first outputs of the digital computing system, and their outputs are connected to the corresponding inputs of the switch of the memory modules devices, the inputs of the switch of the modules of the permanent storage device are connected to to the first inputs of the digital computing system, the first and second control inputs of the clock distributor are connected respectively to the first and second outputs of the digital computer system, and its first outputs are connected to the control inputs of the corresponding analog-to-digital converters, the second outputs of the clock distributor are connected to the control inputs of the corresponding sensor switches, the third outputs of the digital computing system are connected to the corresponding inputs of non-volatile op a memory device and a timer, its fourth outputs are connected to the second inputs of the telemetry transceiver, its fifth outputs are connected to the corresponding inputs of the electronic indicator switch, the outputs are connected to the electronic indicator, the input is to the output of the manual control unit, and also to the fifth input of the digital computer system, which provides visualization of the values of all parameters calculated on a digital display by a signal from a manual control body the power consumed by any channel, the first outputs of the non-volatile random access memory and timer are connected to the corresponding third inputs of the digital computer system, and their second outputs are connected to the corresponding first inputs of the telemetry transceiver, the first outputs of which are connected to the corresponding fourth inputs of the digital computer system, which the calculation of all parameters of consumed electric power is carried out according to algorithms whose programs alozheny in respective modules only memory, furthermore, the first and second outputs of the digital computer system are its first and second control outputs, respectively (RF patent №2121697, G01R 21/06, G01R 21/133. Electronic nodal counter for multi-channel reception and distributed electricity consumption).

The disadvantages of this device are:

- the inability to measure the magnitude of various types of energy (except electric energy) on the elements and energy-technological processes that form the energy line;

- register the energy parameters of the line during a representative time interval;

- not determined indicator of energy efficiency of the elements and the energy process (ETP);

- the results of measurements and calculations are not transmitted to a system of a higher level;

- there is no possibility of comparing the measured and calculated parameters with archived passport and catalog data and the results of the previous energy audit.

The objective of the invention is the ability to register the energy parameters of the line during the time interval of the operation of a particular element and ETF, increase its versatility and functionality of the device, monitor the relative energy intensity of products, conduct an energy examination of technical solutions during design, determine operational changes on the ETF and previous elements , comparison of measured and calculated parameters with archived passport and catalog data, results of the previous energy audit.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the device for monitoring the efficiency of energy use in consumer energy systems, containing a set of current and voltage sensors connected to the switch, a permanent storage device, the outputs of the measuring transducers are connected through a switch to a memory unit, the input-output of which is connected to the computer , and its outputs are connected to the input of an electronic indicator, the inputs of which are also connected to the outputs of the memory unit, control device and In terms of solutions, the inputs of the latter are connected to the outputs of the memory unit, the calculator, and the input-output of the control device, which is also connected by its inputs and outputs to the interface device, the memory unit, and the touch screen, while the input of the control device is connected to the output of the timer.

New significant features:

1. The output of the transducers is connected to a memory unit.

2. The input-output of the memory block is connected to the inputs of the calculator.

3. The output of the calculator is connected to the input of an electronic indicator.

4. The inputs of the electronic indicator are connected to the outputs of the memory block, control device and decision block.

5. The inputs of the decision block are connected to the outputs of the memory block, the computer, and the input-output of the control device.

6. The control device for its inputs and outputs is connected to an interface device, a memory unit and a touch screen.

7. The inputs of the control device are connected to the output of the timer.

The listed new essential features, together with the known ones, are necessary and sufficient in all cases to which the requested amount of legal protection applies.

The technical result is that:

1. The output of the measuring transducers is connected to the memory block through a switch, in order to register the results of measurements and calculations with the help of measuring transducers, receiving the output power values regardless of the type of input parameters.

2. The input-output of the memory unit is connected to the inputs of the calculator for calculating the energy intensity of the elements and ETP according to the results of measurements and calculations using measuring transducers and recording in the memory unit. Thus, the results of all calculations are stored in the memory block.

3. The output of the calculator is connected to the input of an electronic indicator, which is designed to visualize the results of calculations on the screen of an electronic indicator.

4. The inputs of the electronic indicator are connected to the outputs of the memory block, control device and decision block. An electronic indicator allows you to visualize information that is input to the proposed device (for example, calculation algorithms, a program for processing measurement and calculation results, activation of measuring transducers, etc.), information that is stored in a memory unit (passport archived data, operational measurement and calculation data and etc.) and information of the decision-making block, which is developed on the basis of the results of measurements and calculations and comparisons.

5. The inputs of the decision block are connected to the outputs of the memory block, the computer, and the input-output of the control device. In the decision block, the settings are set for all measured and calculated parameters (for example, changing the voltage, current, torque, speed of the induction motor, exceeding the energy consumption of the element and the electronic current converter, etc.), which are calculated in the computer, are entered using the control device and are stored in a memory block.

6. The control device for its inputs and outputs is connected to an interface device, a memory unit and a touch screen. Using the interface device, information (for example, passport archived data, settings, etc.) is transmitted to the control device, which is transmitted to the memory unit for storage and for adjusting the transmitted information using the touch screen.

7. The inputs of the control device are connected to the output of the timer. The timer is used to synchronize measurements and operation of all nodes of the proposed device.

In conclusion, it should be noted that when using the proposed device, efficiency is improved by increasing the versatility of measuring various types of energy. An increase in the number of simultaneously recorded parameters and the organization of their automated processing, according to the algorithms of the finite relationship method (MCO), using modern microprocessor technology and modern mathematical methods of correlation and factor analysis will significantly increase the processing speed, quality and accuracy of measurements and the number of diagnosed parameters of the elements and ETP.

Using the proposed device can replace standard recording devices that have a limited memory for recording and a limited number of recording channels and energy meters, including electric energy meters.

The various types of energy measured, which are involved in the production of products, are very diverse, for example, electrical, mechanical, thermal, light, chemical, etc. The use of measuring transducers will quickly measure the parameters of various types of energy and calculate the value of power consumption at the input and output of an element and ETP, and also present the measured parameters and power values in digital form. There is an opportunity to control the efficiency of energy processes in each element and the ETP. The ETP operating mode during production sets the operating mode for the preceding elements that form the line, to monitor the energy continuity of the processes by the elements in the line and to quickly determine the energy loss in it and allows to determine the nominal energy characteristics by comparing the results of measurements and calculation of parameters with passport and catalog data elements, conduct energy examination of technical solutions in the design. On the current model of the technical solution using the proposed device, it is possible to determine the relative energy consumption of the elements and the electronic current transformer, on the basis of which the selection (selection) of line elements is made and allows to determine the mode changes on the element. For example, when the load on the shaft of the induction motor changes, its energy indicators (efficiency and power factor) also change, which leads to a change in the consumed energy (power) from the network.

Also:

- operatively monitor, determine the energy loss on the element during operational changes. When using (converting) electric energy to lighting, the energy (power) consumed from the network does not depend on the amount of used energy (power) of optical radiation. When using radiation sources, the relative energy intensity of the lamp can be determined only on the basis of measurements using the proposed device;

- determine the relative energy intensity of the work, the integrated values of energy consumption and energy loss for the production of products, which will allow you to quickly make decisions to improve the energy efficiency of each element and electronic power supply;

- promptly determine the amount of energy used efficiently compared to consumed by comparing the integral values of the energy spent on the production of a certain volume of output, taking into account changing factors;

- carry out diagnostics of the state of each element separately and ETP by comparing the results of measurements and calculations with passport and catalog data.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a functional block diagram of the proposed device, figure 2 shows an example of an energy system of a consumer:

- ETP1, which is designed to raise water and produce products in the form of bottled water (bottling in plastic bottles) for sale;

- ETP2, providing preparation of the production process by, for example, supplying plastic bottles to a working machine for pouring water into them;

- ETP3, providing living conditions - room lighting.

When conducting a device energy audit in order to determine the energy efficiency of an ETP, it is necessary to measure the energy parameters of an ETP and, based on the measurement data, determine operational changes, energy losses and the relative energy consumption of each element and ETP.

For the operational control and management of combined energy use in the above example, it is necessary to measure the energy at the input and output of each element and the electronic current path, as well as the value of the output.

A device for monitoring the efficiency of energy use in consumer energy systems consists of a set of sensors of measured parameters of quantities (for example, voltage, current, torque, rotation speed, light, product quantity, etc.) (not shown in Fig.), The outputs of which are connected with the inputs of the measuring transducers 1 ... 10 (for example, for the example below), the output of which is connected to the inputs of the switch 11, the outputs of the latter are connected to the input of the memory unit 12 and through its input-output with the computer 1 3. The number of measuring transducers, depending on the studied consumer energy system, can be two or more.

The transmitter 13 is connected to the input of an electronic indicator 14, the inputs of which are also connected to the outputs of the memory block 12, the control device 15, the decision block 16. The inputs of the decision block 16 are connected to the outputs of the memory block 12, the calculator 13, and the input-output of the control device 15. The memory unit 12 consists of a random access memory, read only memory and a programmable memory device (EPROM) (not shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2). The control device 15 with its inputs and outputs is connected to the interface device 17, the memory unit 12 and the touch screen 18. The input of the control device 15 is connected to the output of the timer 19.

Consumer energy system consists of:

- ETP1 - (for example, bottling water and sales (manufactured products)) contains a transformer substation 20, is electrically connected to an asynchronous motor 21, on the shaft of which is installed, for example, a pump 22 that supplies water to the working machine 23 for bottling;

- ETP2 - provides for the preparation of the production process by, for example, supplying plastic bottles to a working machine for pouring water into them, from the output of the transformer substation 20, by means of a cable line 24, electric energy is supplied to the sealing machine 25, which feeds the bottles and after filling them with water from working machine 23 produces a roll. As a result, at the output we get manufactured products - bottled water;

- ETP3 - provides living conditions - room lighting. It consists of a transformer substation 20, from the output of which electric energy is supplied to a lighting installation 26, in which electric energy is converted into light.

The measuring transducer 1, which measures high voltage and current, is installed at the input of the transformer substation 21 (in Fig. 2, the installation locations of the measuring transducers 1 ... 10 are marked with the letter A). A measuring transducer 2, which measures low voltage and current, is installed at the output of the transformer substation 20. A branch point is marked with the letter B. A measuring transducer 3, which measures low voltage and current, is installed at the input of an induction motor 21. A measuring transducer 4, which measures torque and the rotation speed is installed at the output of the induction motor 21. A measuring transducer 5, which measures the pressure and flow rate of water, is installed at the output of the pump 22.

A measuring transducer 6, which measures the quantity (volume) of manufactured products P, is installed at the output of the working machine 23. A measuring transducer 7, which measures voltage and current, is installed at the input of the cable line 24. A measuring transducer 8, which measures voltage and current, is set to the input of the seaming machine 25. A measuring transducer 9, which measures voltage and current, is installed at the input of the lighting unit 26. A measuring transducer 10, which measures the illumination and the area eniya installed (power spent on the calculated largest lighting illuminance and floor space) at the output 26 of the lighting system.

A device for monitoring the efficiency of energy use in consumer energy systems works as follows.

The high voltage of the network is reduced to the operating value by means of a transformer substation 20. The low voltage is supplied to the induction motor 21, the output of which is installed on the pump 22. The pump 22 delivers water to the working machine 23.

In this case, the input of the cable line 24 is connected to the branch point B, and its output is connected to the seaming machine 25.

The input of the lighting unit 26 receives electrical energy, which is converted into light energy.

During the operation of the consumer’s energy system, measuring transducers 1 ... 10 measure the parameters in the corresponding places of their installation and calculate the power value from the measured values. The values of the measured and calculated parameters are supplied through the switch 11 to the memory unit 12, where the results of measurements and calculations are stored, as well as the passport archived data of the energy consumption of the elements and the electronic circuit. The measured and calculated values are fed to the input of an electronic indicator 14 for visualization and control by the operator. The calculated power values from the memory unit 12 are supplied to the calculator 13, where the values of the consumed energy on each element and the electronic current path are calculated. After the calculations, the calculated data from the calculator 13 is fed back to the memory unit 12 for storage. The results of measurements and calculations from the memory unit 12 and the calculator 13 are sent to the decision block 16, where the setting for each measured and calculated parameter is set. When the value of a parameter is exceeded more than the settings, the decision block 16 records the time, measured and calculated values of the parameter, the value of the settings and the name of the element where this excess occurred. All of these parameters are fed to an electronic indicator 14, where they are visualized. The control device 15 transmits the analysis results from the decision block 16 using the interface device 17 via communication channels to a higher-level control system.

The timer 19 generates synchronization signals for operation of all nodes of the device. If necessary, to display the required calculation parameters on the electronic indicator 14, the operator through the touch screen 18 can visualize the necessary information.

On the electronic indicator 14, a message appears about the element and the ETP, where there were changes in the direction of deterioration of the energy efficiency indicators of the PES and those parameters whose values exceeded the settings were visualized. Thus, the elements and ETP are determined, on which there is an increase in relative energy intensity, which corresponds to an increase in energy loss. PES operating modes are determined in which the energy efficiency indicator will have a maximum value (the energy intensity of a unit of output will have a minimum value equal to the passport value).

If the measured and calculated values of the parameters power, calculated values of the energy and energy consumption of the elements and the ETC exceed the setpoints for each parameter, the decision block 12 transmits a signal to the electronic indicator 14, a message appears about the element and the ETP, where there have been changes in the direction of deterioration of the energy efficiency indicators of PES and visualized those parameters whose values exceeded the values of the settings. Thus, the elements and ETP are determined, on which there is an increase in relative energy intensity, which corresponds to an increase in energy loss. PES operating modes are determined in which the energy efficiency indicator will have a maximum value (the energy intensity of a unit of output will have a minimum value equal to the passport value).

For example, using a measuring transducer 1, the corresponding power is calculated from the measured parameters by the formula:

,

,

where U ₁ - network voltage, V; I ₁ - network current, A; cosφ _tp - power factor of transformer substation 20.

Next, the relative energy intensity of energy transfer through each element and ETP as network elements is determined by the known minimum specific energy intensity of the product and the indication of the measuring transducer preceding the process and the energy intensity of a product unit by the energy consumed.

In the above example, we determine the relative energy intensity of each element and the ETP of the TEC.

Thus, ETP1, at the output of which the products are manufactured, consists of series-connected elements and ETP: transformer substation 20 → induction motor 21 → pump 22 → working machine 23 → production;

ETP2, the output of which is the result of R ₂ , consists of series-connected elements and ETP2: transformer substation 20 → cable line 24 → seaming machine 25 → result of R ₂ ;

ETP3, at the output of which the result is R ₂ , consists of series-connected elements and ETP: transformer substation 20 → lighting installation 16 → result R ₃ .

Define the energy intensity of the elements of the line, including ETP1:

,- energy intensity ETP1:

,

where Q ₅ is the energy value, which is calculated according to the measurement results using the measuring transducer 5 of the previous process;

Q ₁ ... Q ₁₀ - energy value calculated according to the measurement results using the corresponding measuring transducers 1 ... 10;

- удельная минимальная энергоемкость выпускаемой продукции П.

- specific minimum energy intensity of products P.

- energy intensity of elements:

transformer substation 20:

.induction motor 21:

.

pump 22:

- energy consumption of the line, including ETP 1:

.

.

- energy consumed by the line, including ETP 1:

.

.

Define the energy intensity of the elements of the line, including ETP2:

,- energy intensity ETP2:

,

- удельная минимальная энергоемкость результата R₂.Where

- specific minimum energy intensity of the result of R ₂ .

- energy intensity of elements:

.transformer substation 20:

.

.cable line 2:

.

- energy consumption of the line, including ETP2:

.

.

- energy consumed by the line, including ETP2:

.

.

Define the energy intensity of the elements of the line, including ETP3:

,- energy intensity ETP3:

,

where Q ₉ is the calculated energy value at the measurement site (a9) preceding the process;

- удельная минимальная энергоемкость результата R₃.

- specific minimum energy intensity of the result of R ₃ .

- energy intensity of elements:

.transformer substation 20:

.

.Lighting Installation 26:

.

- energy consumption of the line, including ETP3:

.

.

- energy consumed by the line, including ETP2:

.

.

Total energy consumed:

.

.

Energy intensity of a unit of output:

The numerical value of the losses at each element and the ETF is defined as the difference between the energy values at the input and output of the element and the ETF.

The calculated values of energy (power) at the input and output of the elements and the loss of energy (power) at a known value of the load (manufactured products) are compared with previously archived data at the same load. The difference obtained is used to judge the increase in the actual losses on the element.

The values of the load and the time of its action, which create the maximum energy loss on the element, are determined and minimized by changing and / or limiting the operating modes of the element with maximum losses and / or restoration of the state of the element.

Compare the obtained data during measurements with passport and / or archived data, and according to the results of the comparison, choose the element with the maximum difference in the specific energy consumption per unit of output.

Thus, the losses on the element are compared depending on the load that changes over time, and the increase in the energy loss on the element and the fraction of the operating time at the same loads are determined, after which the load that creates the maximum energy loss is determined, which is the most energy-intensive mode in which the state deterioration element affects losses to the greatest extent in this energy process.

Minimize losses due to changes and / or restrictions on the operating modes of the element and / or restoration of the state of the elements.

As can be seen from the calculations for measuring the parameters during the operating time interval of a particular element and ETP (change, week, month, etc.), at the input and output of each element and ETP different measuring transducers having different input parameters (electrical, mechanical , thermal, potential and kinetic, optical, etc.).

Claims (1)

A device for monitoring the efficiency of energy use in consumer energy systems, containing a set of current and voltage sensors connected to the switch, a permanent storage device, characterized in that the outputs of the measuring transducers are connected through a switch to a memory unit, the input-output of which is connected to the computer, and its outputs connected to the input of an electronic indicator, the inputs of which are also connected to the outputs of the memory block, control device and decision block, the inputs of the last it is connected to the outputs of the memory unit, the calculator and the input-output of the control device, which is also connected by its inputs and outputs to the interface device, the memory unit and the touch screen, while the input of the control device is connected to the output of the timer.

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