RU2510888C1 - Method of locating object made of magnetic material and apparatus for realising said method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, communications.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to switching equipment and specifically to methods and apparatus which enable to locate an object made of magnetic material and control a constant magnetic field in three planes. The method of locating an object made of magnetic material, which involves using a housing made of nonmagnetic material, a magnet which generates a constant magnetic field for at least one magnetically controlled element located in at least one plane, facilitating interaction between the magnetically controlled element and the magnetic field in at least one plane, further forming a chamber with a cover in the housing made of nonmagnetic material, followed by filling with a damping fluid, and the permanent magnet is made in form of a body of revolution with diametrical magnetisation and is placed in the chamber in a free state, capable of rotating in at least one plane, providing the object with access to the housing in three planes, recording change in orientation of the permanent magnet in at least one plane, and the body of revolution is made in form of a sphere or a cylinder or a disc or a ring.

EFFECT: enabling location of an object made of magnetic material in three planes, high vibration resistance and reliability during operation, broader functional capabilities, versatility and easy use.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of switching technology, and in particular to methods and devices that can determine the position of an object made of magnetic material, control a constant magnetic field in three planes and register its position. This makes it possible to use the invention when creating sensors and various positioning systems for objects used in robotics, in security alarms, in measuring and control equipment, in means of automation of safety in transport, in mechanical engineering, metallurgy, in other areas of human activity, where it is necessary to determine position of objects made of magnetic materials.

A technical solution is known for the interaction of a magnetic switch and an object made in the form of a ball capable of moving vertically, including a permanent magnet and a spring with a socket on which the ball is located (Patent CN 201247731, “Ball-pressing magnetic-controlled switch for binding machine” IPC H01H 36/00, published 2009-05-27). The principle of operation is based on the distance or approximation of the magnetic field, namely the change in the distance between the object of magnetic material and the magnet, affecting the contacts of the switch.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low stability during vibration, as well as determining the position of an object of magnetic material in only one plane.

A technical solution is known, based on the principle of removing or approaching an object from magnetic material, including a reed switch, a permanent magnet made in the form of a bar mounted on a pendulum and capable of rotating around its axis (RF Patent No. 2444804, Magnetically-controlled switch, IPC Н01Н 36/00, published on March 10, 2012). Rotating in a circle, the magnet approaches (and is removed) in turn to different reed switches, acting on them in turn.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the necessary presence of individual parts, a permanent magnet and a reed switch, having the ability to approach and move away from each other, which significantly reduces the scope of this method in practice, as well as determining the position of an object from magnetic material in only one plane.

Known technical solutions for determining the position of an object made of magnetic material and recording its presence by changing the distance between the permanent magnet and the reed switch (RF patent for the invention No. 2304820, Reed switch end switch, IPC Н01Н 36/00, priority from 04.07.2005). A device using this method consists of two separate parts. One includes a permanent magnet, the second a reed switch. When they come closer, the contacts of the reed switch enter a magnetic field, which translates them into the opposite logical state.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the obligatory presence of two separate parts, a permanent magnet and a reed switch, which are able to approach and move away from each other, which significantly reduces the scope of this method in practice, as well as determining the position of an object made of magnetic material in only one plane.

A technical solution is known for controlling the magnetic field and detecting its presence using the shielding properties of magnetic materials, which, when entering the controlled area, between the magnet and the sealed magnetically controlled contact (reed switch), dampen the magnetic field, removing it from the contacts of the reed switch and translating them into the opposite logical state (Magnetosensitive switch MS GR2P-L (), selected as a prototype) ._ This technical solution assumes the presence of a housing, a gap in it, on either side of which Position the reed switch and the magnet, and a plate made of magnetic material.

The disadvantages of this technical solution are the increased installation requirements and tolerances for misalignment of the plate and the gap in the switch housing separating the reed switch from the control magnet, as well as the need for accurate and strict positioning of the controlled object in a small response zone, determined by the size of the gap. Also the disadvantages of this technical solution are low vibration resistance in operation and the determination of the position of an object of magnetic material in only one plane.

The authors were tasked with developing a method for determining the position of an object made of magnetic material in three planes and a device for its implementation, made in a single housing, as well as increasing vibration resistance in operation.

The problem is solved in that in a method for determining the position of an object made of magnetic material, including the use of a body of non-magnetic material, a magnet that creates a constant magnetic field of at least one magnetically controlled element located at least in one plane, the organization of interaction between the magnetically controlled element and the magnetic field though in one plane, additionally in a body of non-magnetic material, a chamber with a cover is created, the latter is filled with damping fluid, and a constant an agnit is made in the form of a body of revolution with diametrical magnetization and placed in a chamber in a free state, capable of rotating in at least one plane, provide access to the body in three planes, register a change in the orientation of the permanent magnet in at least one plane, and the body of rotation is in the form of a ball, either in the form of a cylinder, or in the form of a disk, or in the form of a ring.

The method is implemented using a device that includes a body of non-magnetic material, a magnet that creates a constant magnetic field, at least one magnetically controlled element located at least in one plane, and a camera with a lid filled with damping fluid is additionally created in the body, and a permanent magnet made in the form of a body of revolution with a diametral magnetization, placed in the chamber freely rotating in at least one plane, the body of rotation being made in the form of a ball, either in the form of a cylinder, or in the form of a disk a, or in the form of a ring.

The technical effect of the proposed technical solution is to ensure the determination of the position of an object made of magnetic material in three planes, increasing vibration resistance in operation, expanding functionality, namely versatility and ease of use, in increasing reliability in operation.

The inventive method for determining the position of an object made of magnetic material is implemented using the device, which is illustrated in the block diagram shown in figure 1, where 1 is a body of non-magnetic material, 2 is a camera, 3 is a cover, 4 is a damping fluid, 5 is a permanent magnet , 6 - magnetic field, 7, 8, 9 - magnetically controlled elements, 10 - an object of magnetic material.

Figure 2 is a block diagram explaining the transition of an object from magnetic material to the "B" plane, where 3 is a cover, 4 is a damping fluid, 5 is a permanent magnet, 7, 8, 9 are magnetically controlled elements, 10 is an object from magnetic material.

Figure 3 is a block diagram explaining the transition of an object from magnetic material to the "C" plane, where 3 is a cover, 4 is a damping fluid, 5 is a permanent magnet, 7, 8, 9 are magnetically controlled elements, 10 is an object from magnetic material.

The principle of operation of the proposed method for determining the position of an object made of magnetic material and a device for its implementation can be explained on the basis of Fig. 1, where a chamber 2 with a closing lid 3 is created in the housing of non-magnetic material 1. Moreover, the chamber 2 is filled with a damping fluid 4. Damping fluid 4 to reduce the inertia of the rotation of the magnet and reduce the friction force between the magnet and the walls of the housing chamber, which ensures stability during vibration. The permanent magnet 5 is made in the form of a body of revolution with a diametrical magnetization and placed in the chamber 2 in a free state and capable of rotating in at least one plane, the body of rotation being made in the form of a ball, or a cylinder, or a disk, or a ring.

In the housing of non-magnetic material 1, outside the chamber 2, at least one magnetically controlled element 7, 8, 9 is located in at least one plane. Figure 1 shows the location of the magnetically controlled elements 7, 8, 9 in 3 different planes in the impact zone magnetic field 6. Permanent magnet 5 creates a permanent magnetic field 6 and acts on at least one magnetically controlled element 7, 8, 9. When an object of magnetic material 10 in plane A approaches a housing of non-magnetic material 1 at a distance equal to or less than the propagation distance m gnitnogo field 6, a permanent magnet 5, formed as a body of revolution, it is set to one of the poles. In this case, the magnetically controlled element 7 falls under the influence of the opposite pole of the magnetic field 6 and its contact changes its logical state by registering the position of the object of magnetic material 10 in the plane A.

When approaching an object of magnetic material 10 in the plane B, a permanent magnet 5 in the form of a body of revolution under the action of a magnetic field 6 turns around one of the poles towards the plane B, where the object of magnetic material 10 is located. At this time, the magnetically controlled element 8 is affected by the opposite the poles of the magnetic field 6 and its contact changes its logical state, registering the position of the object of magnetic material 10 in the plane B.

Further, when approaching an object of magnetic material 10 in the plane C, a permanent magnet 5 in the form of a body of revolution under the action of a magnetic field 6 turns one of the poles towards the plane C, where the object of magnetic material 10 is located. At this time, the magnetically controlled element 9 falls under the influence of the opposite pole of the magnetic field 6 and its contact changes its logical state, registering the position of the object of magnetic material 10 in the plane C.

Thus, it is possible to determine the position of an object of magnetic material in three planes, namely, the access of an object of magnetic material to the housing in one of three mutually perpendicular planes with registration of changes in the orientation of the permanent magnet in at least one plane. The combination of a permanent magnet and magnetically controlled elements in one housing greatly simplifies the design, unlike technical solutions based on the mandatory presence of two separate parts, a permanent magnet and a reed switch. Profitability in the implementation of the presented technical solution is also ensured by the use of an elementary kinematic scheme, without complex mechanical and electrical components, which do not require expensive technologies and materials for implementation. In this regard, the devices implemented in this method allow to expand their functional capabilities, increase reliability in operation, provide versatility and ease of use, and at the same time achieve manufacturability in manufacturing, provide low cost and easy integration into existing automation systems of technological processes. The claimed technical solution allows you to create a device in a single case with less weight and dimensions, with stable output characteristics that do not require additional settings, adjustments during operation. This makes it possible to place them in various kinds of protective shells, cases, casing and seal them with compounds, obtaining products with a high degree of protection up to IP67 according to GOST 14254-96 and higher, vandal-resistant, with high performance characteristics designed to work in harsh operating conditions:

- in conditions of high pressure;

- in the presence of vibration;

- in difficult climatic conditions;

- in aggressive environments;

- in conditions of elevated and lowered temperatures;

- in conditions of strong abrasive and mechanical influences.

Claims (4)

1. The method of determining the position of an object made of magnetic material, including the use of a body of non-magnetic material, a magnet that creates a constant magnetic field, at least one magnetically controlled element located at least in one plane, the organization of interaction between the magnetically controlled element and the magnetic field in at least one plane , characterized in that in addition to the housing of a non-magnetic material create a camera with a lid, the latter is filled with a damping fluid, and a permanent magnet is performed in the form of a body of revolution with diametrical magnetization and placed in a chamber in a free state, capable of rotating in at least one plane, provide access of an object from magnetic material to the body in one of three mutually perpendicular planes, a change in the orientation of the permanent magnet in at least one plane is recorded. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation body with a diametral magnetization is either in the form of a ball, or in the form of a cylinder, or in the form of a disk, or in the form of a ring. 3. A device for determining the position of an object made of magnetic material, including a housing made of non-magnetic material, a magnet that creates a constant magnetic field, at least one magnetically controlled element located at least in one plane, characterized in that a camera with a lid is additionally created in the housing filled with a damping fluid, and the permanent magnet is made in the form of a body of revolution with a diametrical magnetization, placed in the chamber, freely rotating in at least one plane. 4. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the body of revolution with a diametral magnetization is made either in the form of a ball, or in the form of a cylinder, or in the form of a disk, or in the form of a ring.

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