RU2497376C2 - Method for production of preparation for radiocesium elimination from animal organism - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radiation biology, in particular, to production of preparations for radioisotopes elimination from the animal organism. The method for production of a preparation for radiocesium elimination from the animal organism involves mixing of the base with a sorbent. The base is represented by a natural biologically active fodder additive containing, wt %: honey - 1.5-2.0, propolis - 2.0-2.5, bee bread - 30.0-35.0, pollen pellet - 15.0-17.0, bee poison - 0.5-1.0, bee brood at different development stages - 5.5-6.0, royal jelly - 3.5-4.0, bee moth and their larvae - 2.5-3.0, wax - 5.0-7.0, Apis Mellifera - 7.0-8.0 and grass meal - balance. The sorbent is represented by a purified bentonite fraction produced by way of preliminary treatment of bentonite with hydrochloric acid with subsequent removal of soluble salts and quartz with distilled water, with further elutriating of particles sized 0.0006-0.0009 mm and their drying; all the components are taken at a ratio of 97.1:2.9-97:3 respectively. The produced mixture is packaged into cellophane bags per 30 kg and stored in a dark room at a temperature of 15-16°C. The produced preparation is added into the animal ration in an amount of 15-20 g for young stock and 25-30 g for big animals once a day during 30 days.

EFFECT: invention usage will allow to eliminate radiocesium from the animal organism.

2 cl, 4 tbl, 7 ex

Description

The invention relates to radiation biology, in particular to the production of radioprotective drugs - radiosorbents.

A known method of radiation protection of the body from radioactive cesium using its chemical analogue - potassium (see article FR Mrar et. Al. "Influence of potassium and sodium on uptake and retention of cesium - 134 in rats // Arch. Biochim. Biochips. - 1957.- V.66. - P.177-182).

The disadvantage of this method is the dependence of the degree of dekorporation (removal) of the isotope on the potassium content in the diet — when it is low in feed, the absorption (accumulation) of radiocaesium by organs and tissues sharply increases and its excretion (excretion) from the body decreases.

There is also known a method of removing cesium isotopes by adding to the diet of mineral sorbents such as bentonite in the form of a 5% feed additive (see NG Mitchell et. Al. "Transfer of cesium from silade to cow mind // Sci Total Environ. - 1989. - V.85. P.307-308).

The disadvantage of this method is the dose dependence of the desorbing effect of bentonite - a decrease in its dose of less than 500 g / day per cow leads to a sharp decrease in the radiocaesium decorportation coefficient, and doses of 500 g / day cause a feeding problem when a large number of animals are involved. For example, 2,000 cows will need 1 ton of bentonite daily. All these problems of forage, storage, distribution and mixing make the use of native bentonite not practical, since it requires a significant amount of labor. In addition, the use of pure bentonite in large quantities (up to 500 g / day) is a very large load on the gastrointestinal tract of animals due to the presence of quartz, sand and insoluble salts in its composition, which, in addition to the side effect, play no role and in the process of adsorption of isotopes are not involved.

A known method of using the composite ferrocyanide-bentonite sorbent “KhZh-90” containing potassium, iron, hexacyanoferrate, as well as bentonite, gelatin and macro-micronutrients (see the article by EA Mayakov and others “Measures to reduce the transition of radionuclides from feed to livestock // Journal "Veterinary pathology. - 2002. - No. 3. - S.101-109).

The disadvantage of the cesium decorporation method using ferrocyanide compounds and crude bentonite is that they are very toxic because they contain a cyano group, the C = N radical, which forms the basis of an extremely toxic poison - hydrocyanic acid - a chemical warfare agent.

Since hydrocyanic acid and cyanides have a high cumulative ability, with a daily intake of the ferrocine-containing drug “KhZh-90” in doses of 30-60 g / animal, from the whole period of feeding (2-3 months), from this drug 27 to 54 g of cyanides enter the body , which is comparable with lethal doses of hydrocyanic acid - 1 mg / kg of animal. Therefore, the prolonged use of sorbents containing C = N radicals (ferrocins) is fraught with an extremely high risk of fatal cyanide poisoning of the animal. This danger increases sharply against the background of feeding animals with cyanogenic feeds (sorghum, clover, vetch, flaxseed cake, castor oil bean plant, clover, mannik, etc.). Mass poisoning of animals sorghum continues to be recorded in recent times. When grazing on young sorghum (plant height 15-20 cm) for a short time, 220 of 290 animals fell. The use of cyanogenic sorbents (ferrocin preparations) against this background can have disastrous consequences, since the accumulation of a critical mass of cyanides in the body can provoke even insignificant amounts of cyanides in the composition of cyanide-containing sorbents used for the decorporation of radiocaesium.

There is also known a method of using the composite preparation "Bifézh" on the basis of crushed coniferous wood (sawdust) (fraction 0.5-5.0 mm), containing up to 10% iron ferrocyanide (see article by E. Mayakov and others. "Events to reduce the transition of radionuclides from feed to livestock production "// Journal" Veterinary pathology. - 2002. - No. 3. - S.101-109).

A very significant drawback of the method of cesium decorporation using cyanogenic sorbents (forphocins), in particular the “Bifézh” preparation, is that it uses wood sawdust as a carrier of the main component, ferrocine, which are monogastric (horses, mules, pigs, etc.) .d.) are not perceived, since they do not have cellulose-destroying bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, this component (sawdust) of the well-known sorbent for animals with a single-chamber stomach is unacceptable and contraindicated (since sawdust causes constipation and blockages of the intestines, causing the death of the animal, which limits the use of the drug "Bifézh" only for cows and sheep. In addition, the use of cesium sorbents, containing ferrocins (Bitezh) (HZH-90 and crude bentonite), completely loses its effectiveness when feeding animals with iron-balanced feeds, since excess iron entering the body as a part of fe rotsinov, not metabolized by the body (not digested) and transit passes through the gastrointestinal tract, without participating in the process decorporation cesium.

A known method of purification of bentonite by pretreating it with hydrochloric acid, followed by removal of distilled water with soluble salts and quartz and fractionation of particles of 0.0006-0.0009 mm in size and drying them (A.S. No. 952260 A61K 39/00, publ. 23.08. 82 g.). This method is used only for the detection of antibodies or antigens in the reaction of bentonite scrubbing using a bentonite diagnosticum based on the purified fraction of bentonite.

A known method of using biologically active feed additives "Vita-Forze" (Pat RU No. 2323311, IPC A23K 1/00, A23K 1/16, publ. 05/20/08), consisting (wt.%) Of honey (1.5-2 , 0), propolis (2.0-2.5), bee bread (30.0-35.0), mackerel (15.0-17.0), bee venom (0.5-1.0), bee brood at different stages of development (5.5-6.0), breast milk (3.5-4.0), wax moth and their larvae (2.5-3.0), wax (5.0-7, 0), bee subpestilence (7.0-8.0) and grass meal (the rest), which has antioxidant (neutralization of toxic radicals), antibacterial, adaptogenic, metabolizing and therapeutic properties, h it is absent from the analogue “KhZh-90” and propolis (“Bifézh”).

The present invention is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists not only in increasing the biological and sorption activity of the drug, but also its therapeutic and decorporatory effect.

The problem is solved in that in the method for producing a preparation for removing radiocesium from the body, including a base and a sorbent, a natural biologically active feed additive is used as a base, and a purified fraction of bentonite taken in a ratio of 97.1: 2.9 is used as a sorbent -97: 3, respectively, then the mixture is thoroughly mixed to obtain a homogeneous mass, packaged in plastic bags of 30 kg and stored in a dark room at a temperature of 15-16 ° C. A purified bentonite fraction is obtained by pretreating bentonite with hydrochloric acid, followed by removal of soluble salts and quartz with distilled water, further eluting particles of 0.0006-0.0009 mm and drying them.

Introduction to the sorption composition of the natural food supplement “Vita-Forte” instead of sawdust improves the palatability of the preparation due to the presence of honey in its composition, increases the antibacterial and medicinal properties due to the presence of propolis, bee bread and bee venom in it, enriches the preparation with micro and macro elements and multivitamins, and also stimulates the growth and development of young animals due to the presence of flower pollen in it, enriches the feed with essential amino acids, fatty acids and protein due to the presence of bee brood in various stages of development and mother milk increases antioxidant and adaptogenic properties due to the presence of the wax, bee Podmore - chitosan sources reproductive function activates and stimulates metabolism (metabolism) due to the presence in the composition of the feed additive grass meal as a source of additional vitamins and amino acids, trace elements.

The introduction of the proposed sorption composition purified from quartz and soluble salts of microparticles (0.0006-0.0009 mm) - montmorillonite fraction of bentonite significantly increases the sorption activity of the drug, which are easily absorbed in the blood, unlike large particles of bentonite (0.1-0 , 01 mm) reach affected by radiocaesium 0.0009 mm and drying (A.S. No. 952260 A61K 39/00, publ. 08.23.82). This method is used only for the detection of antibodies or antigens in the reaction of bentonite scrubbing using a bentonite diagnosticum based on the purified fraction of bentonite.

A known method of using the biologically active feed additive "Vita-Forte" (Pat RU No. 2323311, IPC A23K 1/00, A23K 1/16, publ. 05/20/08) containing beekeeping products (propolis, bee bread, pollen, bee venom, bee brood, royal jelly, wax moth, wax, bee mortar and herbal flour, which has toxin neutralizing, healing, metabolic and regulating properties that are absent in the analogue of “KHZh-90” and the prototype “Bifezh”.

The present invention is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists not only in increasing the sorption activity of the drug, but also its therapeutic and decorpor effect.

The problem is solved in that in a method for producing a preparation for removing radiocesium from an organism, including a base and a sorbent, a natural biologically active feed additive containing (wt.%) From honey (1.5-2.0), propolis is used as a base (2.0-2.5), bee bread (30.0-35.0), mackerel (15.0-17.0), bee venom (0.5-1.0), bee brood at different stages of development (5.5-6.0), royal milk (3.5-4.0), wax moth and their larvae (2.5-3.0), wax (5.0-7.0), bee subpestilence (7.0-8.0) and herbal flour (the rest), and as a sorbent - a purified fraction of bentonite, taken yields in a ratio of 97.1: 2.9-97: 3, respectively, then the mixture is thoroughly mixed until a homogeneous mass is obtained, put up in plastic labels of 30 kg and stored in a dark room at a temperature of 15-16 ° C. A purified bentonite fraction is obtained by pretreating bentonite with hydrochloric acid, followed by removal of soluble salts and quartz with distilled water, further eluting particles of 0.0006-0.0009 mm and drying them.

At the first stage, the natural mineral sorbent bentonite is activated by isolating the most active highly sorption fraction from it. For this, bentonite is subjected to special treatment. To destroy carbonates, clay is treated with 1 N. hydrochloric acid, and then 0.1 N. The resulting soluble salts and quartz are removed by washing with distilled water. To do this, clay with water is transferred into vegetation glasses (20 × 12 cm). Labels are applied to each glass: the first is at a height of 3 cm from the bottom, the second is 7 cm higher, the third is 7 cm higher than the second. Distilled water is added to the third mark, bentonite is stirred in it and left for 12 hours to settle. When the solid part of the clay settles, and a clear liquid remains above it, the latter is removed with syrup and distilled water is poured again to the top mark. When the suspension remains in suspension, proceed to the elutriation of particles with dimensions of 0.0006-0.0009 mm To do this, distilled water is poured into the glass to the top mark, the contents are mixed, after 24 hours the syrup is immersed to a depth of 7 cm and with its help the suspension is poured into the receiver glass. Elutriation is continued until the suspension is clarified. For each new portion of the suspension, 3-4 drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid are added to the receiver glasses to coagulate and precipitate the suspension. The fraction is washed with distilled water, the content and size of particles are determined in it by micrometrizing them on a microscope with a micrometer line, and then dried in a water bath and used as a sorption component in a composite cesium-sorption preparation. The yield of the final product - activated (bearing the main useful function of bentonite - sorption of toxicants and radionuclides) of the sorbent fraction in this case is 35-40% of the clay volume, i.e. from 1 kg of clay, 350-400 g of activated (purified from quartz sand, carbonates and particles not involved in the adsorption of radioisotopes and toxicants are obtained, creating, however, a very significant negative burden on the gastrointestinal tract when using native (untreated) bentonite in the known method ) powder from the starting material. Removal of inert components, at the same time harmful to the macroorganism, from bentonite provides not only the active binding of radiocesium in the gastrointestinal tract coming from the feed, but also, unlike untreated bentonite, it is actively absorbed by the gastrointestinal mucosa and reaches the affected (deposited isotope ) by radiocaesium of target cells (hepatocytes, myelocytes), binds an isotope incorporated by cells and removes it from the body, thereby performing an active (unlike a simple physicochemical the second sorption of the isotope in the gastrointestinal tract in the known) metabolizing dekorporation of the radionuclide.

At the second stage, a composite cesium-absorbing preparation is made on the basis of the Vita-Forze natural biologically active feed additive and the activated bentonite fraction in the form of a powder. To do this, take 27 kg (per 100 kg of powder) beef and 15 kg of ground mash, 2 kg of propolis, 5.5 kg of bee brood, 3.5 kg of mother’s milk, 2.5 kg of milled wax moth and 5 kg of wax, 7 kg ground bee subpestilence, 1.5 kg of honey, 0.5 kg of bee venom, 3 kg of purified (montmorillonite) fraction of bentonite and mixed with 27.5 kg of grass meal in accordance with GOST 12691-83. The resulting mixture is stirred until a homogeneous (homogeneous) mass is formed and packaged in 30 kg plastic bags and stored in a cool dark place at a temperature of 15-16 ° C for 24 months.

Obtained by the above method, a composite preparation based on "Vita-Forze" and the montmorillonite fraction of bentonite is used as a radioprotective (therapeutic and decorpor) agent in animals exposed to external and incorporated (trapped inside radioisotopes) radiation.

The radioprotective (therapeutic and decorporizing) effect of the proposed multicomponent composite preparation is carried out by means of a general strengthening, detoxifying, antioxidant, immunomodulating, adaptogenic, stress-protective, hemo- and myeloprotective, antibacterial, anti-infectious, metabolic-regulating, cesium-binding organism and Therefore, the proposed composite preparation can be recommended for use as a general strengthening, pre-toxicizing, antioxidant, immunomodulating, immunostimulating, metabolism-stimulating agent, growth stimulator and growth of young animals, as well as a biologically active drug that accelerates the adaptation of the body under extreme conditions (physical overload, rearrangement , transportation, hypothermia, overheating, internal and external irradiation, damage by ecotoxicants, deis Wie pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, etc.).

The method of obtaining the drug for removing radiocaesium from the body is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. The study of the possibility of replacing the carrier (filler) of the sorbent agent (ferrocin) - sawdust in the sorbent "Bifézh" on a natural feed additive "Vita-Forte." For this purpose, two sorbents were prepared on the basis of wood sawdust by impregnating sawdust with 10% ferrocin solution (known method) and on the basis of a natural feed additive by impregnating Vita-Forze powder with 10% ferrocin solution, followed by drying of the mixture and obtaining homogeneous mass in the form of powders. Evaluation of the sorption activity of the known and modified sorbent variants with respect to the ¹³⁷ Cs radionuclide (radiocesium) was carried out in an in vitro test system. For this, we took in the experiments weighed portions of sorbents weighing 0.5 g each and poured 25 ml of ¹³⁷ Cs aqueous solutions, shook for 1 h and left at room temperature for 12-16 h. Then the solutions were filtered through a paper filter, the precipitate was washed with distilled water and conducted on a beta-gamma spectrometer "Compugamma" radiometry of the combined solutions of filtrates and wash water. Sorption activity was determined by the formula:

,

,

where: C _a - sorption activity,%;

A ₀ - the activity of the reference solution of ¹³⁷ Cs, equal to 160 Bq / ml;

A ₁ - activity ¹³⁷ Cs, Bq / ml.

The results of determining the sorption ability of the tested sorbents with respect to the ¹³⁷ Cs radioisotope showed that both sorbents have almost the same sorption activity, which was 73.25 ± 0.59% for the known and 74% for the drug based on the Vita-Forze feed additive , 91 ± 0.27%. The data obtained indicate that the replacement of wood sawdust from the well-known sorbent “Bifézh” with the natural biologically active feed additive “Vita-Forte” not only preserved the sorption activity of the preparation, but also led to its increase (by 2.3%).

Example 2. The study of the possibility of replacing a cyanide-containing agent (ferrocin) in the known sorbent "Bifézh" with bentonite in the proposed version of the sorbent. For this purpose, the proposed sorbent was prepared on the basis of the Vita-Forze natural feed additive and the purified bentonite fraction according to the method described above. As compared sorbents, the well-known preparations Bifézh (containing ferrocin) and Khl-90 containing ferrocin and bentonite, as well as crude (natural) bentonite, were used. The experimental procedure was similar to that in Example 1. The experimental results are shown in table 1.

Table 1 Test sorbents A portion of the sorbent for research, g The activity of the initial solution with ¹³⁷ Cs, Bq / ml Sorption ability of sorbents,% Bifeege (famous) 0.5 160 73.25 ± 0.78 "KhZh-90" (famous) 0.5 160 61.57 ± 0.49 Bentonite (untreated) (known) 1,0 160 38.40 ± 1.37 Proposed (based on Vita-Forze and purified bentonite fractions) 0.5 160 86.39 ± 0.33

It can be seen from the table that the replacement of the sorbent carrier — sawdust from the known ones with the Vita-Forze dietary supplement and the replacement of the cyanide-containing toxic sorbent ferrocin from the known with the non-toxic activated purified fraction of bentonite leads to a significant (1.20-fold) increase sorption activity of the drug, which is 13.14% higher than that of the known drug.

Example 3. The study of the toxicity and harmlessness of composite radiosorbent on the body. The object of the study was 120 white mice weighing 18-20 g of both sexes, divided into 12 groups of 10 animals each. In the diet of animals of the 1st group, a test composite preparation based on Vita-Forze and a purified bentonite fraction was added at the rate of 100 mg per 1 kg of feed, of the 2nd group - 200 mg / kg, of the 3rd group - 400 mg / kg 4th - 800 mg / kg, 5th - 1000 mg / kg and 6th - 1200 mg / kg. In the diet of animals of the 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th groups, the well-known sorbent “Bitezh” was added in the same quantities as the animals of groups 1-6. The animals were monitored for 30 days after the start of feeding them with feed with the addition of test sorbents, registering the dead and surviving animals in dynamics.

It was found that the death of animals treated with the proposed composite preparation in doses of 0.1 to 0.6 g / kg of feed was not observed in any group during the observation period, which indicates its safety and lack of toxicity. In contrast to the proposed, in the groups of animals receiving the well-known drug "Bifézh" the death of animals was noted depending on the dose of the drug added to the feed. At the same time, all animals survived in the 1st group (dose - 100 mg / kg), in 2-4 1 out of 10 animals fell (mortality 10%), in the 3rd - 2 individuals (mortality 20%), with the dose of the drug 300 mg / kg), in the 4th - 5 animals (50% death), in the 5th - 7 mice (dose 500 mg / kg, 70% for mortality) and in the 6th all animals died (100 % mortality).

Thus, the daily intake into the body of animals for 30 days of a composite radio sorbent based on Vita-Forte and purified bentonite in doses of 0.1 to 1.2 g 1 kg of feed, which in large animals is 10, 20, 40, 80, 100, 120 g per 1 animal did not cause the death of experimental animals, which indicates the safety and toxicity of the drug. In contrast to the proposed one, feeding animals with a diet containing the well-known drug “Bifezh” at a dose of 80 g per animal (800 mg / kg) caused a 50% mortality rate, and a dose of 1200 mg / kg - 120 g per animal - caused death all animals taken into experience.

Example 4. The study of the metabolism of the stimulating activity of a composite preparation in animals. To study the effect of a composite preparation on a growing organism, its growth, development and preservation of young animals, experiments were carried out on 80-60-day-old piglets. Piglets of the 1st group (10 goals) received the main diet without feed additives; Group 2 (10 goals) - a diet with the addition of a composite preparation based on Vita-Forte + purified bentonite in a dose of 3 g per day for 30 days, Group 3 - a diet with 30 g of Bifézh drug within 30 days.

The biological effect of the known (Bitezh) and the proposed (Vita-Forze-based composite preparation + purified bentonite fraction) preparations on a growing organism was evaluated by growth and weight indicators, incidence of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases, and survival.

It was found that in the 1st group, the increase in live weight for 30 days of feeding was 0.8 ± 0.05 kg, in the 2nd - 1.15 ± 0.21 kg and in the 3rd - 0.37 ± 0, 09 kg The number of patients with gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in the 1st group was 2 heads (20%), in the second - 1 head (10%) and in the third - 5 goals (50%). The survival rate of piglets in the 1st group was 80%, in the second - 100% and in the 3rd - 60%. Therefore, the inclusion in the main diet of piglets of a composite preparation based on Vita-Forze and a purified bentonite fraction in an amount of 30 g / day for 30 days ensured 100% preservation of the young, prevented the incidence of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases, and the growth was lively the mass for this period was 1.15 kg versus 0.8 kg in the control group. The inclusion in the main diet of the well-known sorbent “Bifézh” led to a negative result, the number of patients in this group was 2 times higher than in the control, the safety was 1.66 times lower, and the increase in animal mass was 2.16 times less than in control. The data obtained indicate that feeding animals with a diet containing a regulated amount of the known Bisiege radiosorbent, in contrast to the proposed composition based on the biologically active natural feed additive Vita-Forze and a purified bentonite fraction, negatively affects the growth and development of young animals , as well as the safety and incidence of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases.

Example 5. The study of the radioprotective (therapeutic) action of the proposed radiosorbent.

To assess the radioprotective effect of the drug, experiments were performed on 30 gilts of 5 months of age, divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each. Animals of all groups were exposed to a single external gamma radiation at a dose of 4.5 Gy, causing a severe degree of radiation sickness. Gilts of the 1st group after irradiation for 30 days received in the composition of the usual diet the proposed composite preparation based on the natural dietary supplement "Vita-Forze" and a purified fraction of bentonite in an amount of 30 g / day per head; animals of the 2nd group received a normal diet with the addition of the well-known Bisiege radiosorbent at the rate of 30 g / day for 1 head for 30 days; gilts of the 3rd group received a normal diet without feed additives and sorbents (control).

All animals were monitored, given the number of dead and surviving animals. The radioprotective (radioprotective) efficacy of the drug was evaluated by the level of survival of the irradiated animals and the dependence of the level of radioprotection on the activity of the antioxidant defense enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). The determination of the level of SOD enzyme was carried out according to the method proposed by I. Fridovich (Ann. Red. Bivohem, - 1975. - V.44. - P.147-159). It was found that animals kept on a normal diet, after irradiation, became ill with a severe form of acute radiation sickness, which was accompanied by muscle tremors, depression, physical inactivity, diarrhea, general depression, complete refusal of food, and the intensive development of hemorrhagic syndrome. Against the background of the indicated symptom complex, animals died on the 7-13th day after irradiation. In contrast to the control groups, in the experimental group that received the proposed composite preparation as part of the usual diet, radiation sickness proceeded in a milder form, resembling the average degree of acute radiation sickness, while 2 heads of animals fell out of 10 gilts for 18-25 days after irradiation ( 80% protection). An insignificant radioprotective effect (10%) was also observed in the group of gilts who received the Bifézh radiosorbent as part of the usual diet, however, it was significantly lower than in the 1st group treated with the Vita-Forze + bentonite preparation. A parallel study of the state of the antioxidant defense system of the irradiated organism against the background of animal feeding with and without radiosorbents showed that lethal exposure of animals was accompanied by a significant impairment of the antioxidant defense system, which was manifested in a significant decrease in the activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD). So, on the 3rd day after irradiation, the activity of SOD decreased by 2.5 times compared with the initial level, amounting to 24.86 units. against 62.15 units in the end. The indicated tendency with the development of acute radiation sickness also progressed by the 7th day, by the moment of the onset of radiation death of animals, the enzyme activity decreased to the minimum values (11.53 units, P <0.001). In contrast to the control (irradiated without the use of feed additives) animals, in the gilts who received the Vita-Forze + bentonite feed additive in the diet, there was no significant decrease in the activity of the SOD enzyme - throughout the experiment, the enzyme activity ranged from 58.61 ± 0.22 (3-4 days after irradiation), 57.98 ± 0.31 (7th day) and 60.7 ± 0.57 (on 18 days) units. versus 62.15 ± 0.43 in the outcome (P> 0.05).

Changes in the state of the antioxidant defense system (AOD) in irradiated gilts on the background of feeding them with Bisezh radiosorbent were almost the same as those in the control group, since the decrease in the activity of the SOD enzyme during all periods of the study was reliable and they slightly differed from the radiation control.

Consequently, the entry into the body of irradiated animals of a composite radiosorbent based on the Vita-Forze natural feed additive + purified fraction of bentonite, which contains a complex of vitamins, amino acids and chitosan, has a radioprotective effect by enhancing the antioxidant defense system (AOD), which dismutes primary and secondary superoxide radicals (hydroxyls: HO ^o, HOO ^o; superoxides: O, O ₂₎ which play a key role in triggering programmed cell death of lymphocytes radioindutsirovannyh apa Tosa - the basic mechanism of the radiation death of microorganism during irradiation.

The introduction into the body after irradiation of the inductor-interceptors of superoxide radials (SOD enzymes, catalase, peroxidase), antioxidants, such as vitamins, amino acids, chitosans, etc. contained in the proposed radiosorbent, provides protection of target cells of radiation damage that attack the cell target of superoxide radicals (radiotoxins), intercepting the latter and dismuting (modifying) them using the superoxide dismutase enzyme:

In this case, superoxide (radiotoxin) is converted into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide - compounds that are not toxic to a macroorganism.

Consequently, the components of the radiosorbent based on the Vita-Forze natural biologically active feed additive and the purified bentonite fraction contribute to inhibition (or blocking) of lipid peroxidation chain reactions with the participation of superoxide radicals and, thus, ensure the normal functioning of the antioxidant protection system (AOD) in conditions of radiation damage to the body.

The use of the well-known Bifézh radio sorbent, unlike the proposed one, did not have a radioprotective ability, since it did not block the formation of superoxide radicals (radiotoxins), since, unlike the proposed one, it does not contain vitamins, amino acids, chitosans, which are responsible for induction and synthesis of superoxide radical interceptors (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase enzymes) - the main pathogenetic agents of radiation damage to the body, which is the reason for the absence rotivoradiatsionnogo therapeutic effect from the famous radiosorbenta - "Bifezh".

Example 6. The study of the sorption activity of the composite sorbent based on the natural biologically active feed additive "Vita-Forte" and the purified (activated) fraction of bentonite in various animal species.

For this purpose, we used two types of farm animals belonging to the monogastric (single chamber stomach) and polygastric (multi chamber stomach) type of stomach structure.

In the first series of experiments, 9 piglets were used (single-chamber - monogastric type of stomach structure), divided into 3 groups of 3 heads in each. Animals of all groups were once orally administered through a probe a solution of cesium-137 in an amount of 35 kBq / kg of isotope. 24 hours after the incorporation of radiocaesium, the animals of the 1st group were fed a diet for 30 days with the addition of the well-known sorbent “Bitezh” at the rate of 30 g / day for 1 head; animals of the 2nd group under similar conditions were asked the proposed composite preparation based on "Vita-Forze" and a purified fraction of bentonite; animals of the 3rd group under similar conditions received a normal diet without sorbents.

30 days after incorporation of radiocaesium and feeding with sorbent-containing feeds (experimental) and keeping on a normal diet (control), animals were killed, samples were taken from internal organs (liver, kidneys, muscles) and subjected to radiometry on a Kopyugamma beta gamma spectrometer for maintenance isotope of cesium-137. The research results are presented in table 2.

table 2 Organs and Tissues Sorption activity of the tested drugs,% The multiplicity of decrease in radioactivity in relation to the known, times famous ("Bifége") proposed ("Vita-Forte" + purified fraction of bentonite) control (general diet) Liver 39.7 ± 1.5 89.5 ± 3.3 ^xx 1.5 ± 0.1 2.25 Kidney 44.5 ± 2.1 78.6 ± 2.9 ^x 2.3 ± 0.5 1.77 muscles 40.3 ± 1.9 81.1 ± 3.5 ^xx 1.9 ± 0.3 2.01 x - P <0.05, xx - P <0.01

It can be seen from the table that the sorption activity of the known drug on monogastric animals (pigs) affected by radiocaesium was relatively low - it ranged from 39.7 to 44.5%. In contrast to the well-known, the use of the proposed drug provided the removal of 78.6-89.5% of the isotope from the body, which is 1.77-2.01 times higher than when using the well-known preparation "Bitezh".

In the second series of experiments, the sorption activity of the known and proposed sorbents was studied on polygastric (with a multi-chamber stomach) animals, which were used as sheep. In the experiments, 9 sheep were used, divided into 3 groups of 3 animals each. The conditions for incorporation of radiocaesium ( ¹³⁷ Cs) and decorporation by feeding them with the well-known (Bitezh) and the proposed sorbent (based on Vita-Forze and the purified fraction of bentonite) and further studies were similar to those for piglets. The results of the decorporation of radiocaesium from the body of a sheep after application of the used sorbents are presented in table 3.

Table 3 Organs and Tissues Sorption activity of the tested drugs,% Reduction ratio famous ("Bifége") proposed ("Vita-Forte" + purified fraction of bentonite) control (general diet) radioactivity in relation to the known at times Liver 60.3 ± 3.5 89.7 ± 4.5 ^x 1.3 ± 0.5 1.49 Kidney 69.5 ± 2.9 81.1 ± 3.1 ^x 2.5 ± 0.7 1.17 muscles 62.7 ± 3.1 80.9 ± 2.7 ^x 2.1 ± 0.5 1.29 x - P <0.05

It can be seen from the table that the sorption activity of the well-known drug "Bifézh" in the body of polygastric animals was significantly higher (1.54 times) than in monogastric animals (pigs), which provided excretion of 60.3-69.5% of the incorporated radiocaesium. However, in this case, the removal of the isotope from the body was more effective when using the proposed sorbent (Vita-Forte + purified bentonite fraction), which exceeded that of the known one 1.17-1.49 times (P <0.05).

The data obtained indicate that the sorption activity of the proposed preparation is independent of the type of animals - it is equally effective for monogastric (single chamber) and polygastric (multi-chamber) animals. In contrast to the proposed one, the sorption activity of the known drug depends on the structure of the stomach of the decorporter animals: in monogastric, it does not exceed 40%, while in polygastric animals it varies within 60%, but this is significantly (P <0.05) lower than that of the proposed sorbent.

Example 7. The study of therapeutic and decorpor activity of the drug with combined external and internal (incorporated) radiation damage to the body. It is known that in accidents of nuclear reactors or in the explosion of thermonuclear devices, the body of animals and humans undergoes, as a rule, combined (combined) external and internal (incorporated) radiation, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of anti-radiation agents (sorbents of radionuclides, therapeutic and prophylactic agents), creating significant problems both in the treatment of radiation sickness and in the decorporation of radionuclides from the body. Therefore, the creation of universal therapeutic and decorporeal agents with combined damage to the body by ionizing radiation with external and internal effects on the body is an urgent problem of radiobiology.

In view of the foregoing, experiments were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic and decorpore activity of the drug with external gamma radiation and internal animal exposure with radioactive cesium-137. For this purpose, experiments were carried out on 15 sheep, divided into 3 groups of 5 animals each. All animals were irradiated with a Puma gamma unit at a dose of 4.2 Gy and an aqueous solution of cesium 137 was intragastrically administered at a dose of 1000 Bq / kg (1 kBq / kg), which within 30 days (observation period) creates an internal absorbed dose additional 4.47 gr. Therefore, the experimental animals for the entire observation period received a total absorbed radiation dose of 8.67 Gy (4.2 Gy external and 4.47 Gy internal). The indicated dose for sheep is absolutely lethal, causing severe acute radiation sickness.

A day after irradiation and the incorporation of radiocaesium, the animals of the 1st group were given a well-known sorbent “Bitezh” for 30 days at a rate of 30 g / day for 1 head; animals of the 2nd group - in the same conditions and doses - the proposed drug based on "Vita-Forte" and a purified fraction of bentonite; animals of the 3rd group after internal and external irradiation received a normal diet without the addition of sorbents (radiation control). The animals were monitored for 30 days, recording dead and surviving animals. The therapeutic and decor-balancing effectiveness of the preparations was evaluated by clinical, hematological, biochemical, radiometric indicators and by the integral indicator - 30-day survival of experimental animals.

The results of the studies are presented in table 4.

Table 4 Group of animals Survive
bridge,% The concentration of radiotoxin in serum, μm / ml The content of lymphocytes in peripheral blood,% The concentration of radiocaesium, Bq / kg The isotope reduction ratio in relation to the control Control (external, internal radiation) 0 6.42 ± 0.33 29.1 ± 2.5x 10.0 - Received 33.3 5.49 ± 0.21 33.9 ± 1.8 6.6 1,5 famous sorbent "Bifézh" Received 66.6 2.91 ± 0.37x 58.7 ± 3.5 3.4 2.9 the proposed sorbent based on "Vita-Force" + purified bentonite fraction

The numbers in parentheses are the concentration in radiocaesium in organs.

The table shows that the addition to the food of animals subjected to combined external and internal irradiation of the proposed sorbent based on the biologically active natural food additive “Vita-Forte” and the activated bentonite fraction had a radioprotective effect, protecting 66.6% of the affected animals from radiation death . At the same time, effective radiation protection was realized due to the neutralization of radiotoxins, inhibition of radio-induced apoptosis (catastrophic death of lymphocytes), as well as the effective removal of radiocaesium from the body. In contrast to the proposed, the radioprotective activity of the known sorbent was significantly (2 times) lower (survival rate of 33.3% of animals versus 66.6% of the proposed), due to the absence of toxin neutralizing and hemoprotective effects (inability to protect lymphocytes from apoptotic death) effects, as well as weaker decorpore (cesium-excreting) activity compared to the proposed drug. The absence of biologically active components in the well-known sorbent "Bifézh" cannot provide sufficient radiation protection when combining external and internal exposure of the body.

Thus, the obtained composite preparation allows to reduce the toxicity of the sorbent by replacing the carrier of the sorbent - sawdust with the natural biologically active feed additive “Vita-Forze”, and the main sorption agent containing highly toxic cyan-radical-ferrocine with a non-toxic natural mineral-bentonite. The inclusion of a biologically active feed additive instead of sawdust in the composition gives the sorbent a completely new quality - the radiotherapeutic effect, and replacing the cyanogenic agent (ferrocin) with the activated bentonite fraction - increasing the sorption activity of the drug while reducing the toxicity of the sorbent. Therefore, a change in the composition of the known sorbent with the inclusion of the proposed components provides not only an increase in the decorpor ability, but also gives the drug a qualitatively new - therapeutic and decorpor property that provides high (80%) survival rate for animals irradiated by external and internal (incorporated) studies.

Claims (2)

1. A method of obtaining a preparation for removing radiocesium from an animal’s body, comprising mixing a base with a sorbent, characterized in that a natural biologically active feed additive is used as a base, containing, wt.%: Honey 1.5-2.0, propolis 2, 0-2.5, bee bread 30.0-35.0, tenderloin 15.0-17.0, bee venom 0.5-1.0, bee brood at different stages of development 5.5-6.0, mother’s milk 3.5–4.0, wax moth and their larvae 2.5–3.0, wax 5.0–7.0, bee subpestilence –– 7.0–8.0, and grass meal - the rest, and as a sorbent - purified fraction of bentonite obtained by pre measuring treatment of bentonite with hydrochloric acid followed by removal of distilled water with soluble salts and quartz, further elutriation of particles with a size of 0.0006-0.0009 mm and their drying, while the components are taken in the ratio of 97.1: 2.9-97: 3, respectively the resulting mixture is packaged in plastic bags of 30 kg and stored in a dark room at a temperature of 15-16 ° C. 2. A method for removing radiocaesium from an animal’s body, which includes adding to the diet of an animal preparation obtained by the method according to claim 1, at the rate of 15-20 g for young animals and 25-30 g for large animals once a day for 30 days.