RU2804224C1 - Method for preventing diarrhea in newborn calves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; veterinary medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method for the prevention of diarrhea in newborn calves. For this purpose, newborn calves from the 1st day after birth for 5 days, 30 minutes before feeding, are individually orally administered a composition of medicinal plant extracts based on stinging nettle, bergenia, dandelion, burdock roots in a dose of 10 ml once a day. Stinging nettle extract - 0.5 mg, bergenia extract - 0.5 mg, dandelion extract - 0.5 mg, burdock root extract - 0.5 mg. In this case, a composition of extracts is obtained by diluting extracts of stinging nettle, bergenia, dandelion, and burdock roots in 10 ml of cooled boiled water.

EFFECT: reducing the number of calves with diarrhea.

1 cl, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to veterinary medicine, namely to a method for the prevention of diarrhea in newborn calves during the milk feeding period.

Antimicrobial drugs are the most important means of combating diseases of young farm animals.

Since the existence of antibiotics, about 7,000 drugs have been developed. Some of them have fallen out of use due to side effects or rapidly developing microbial antibiotic resistance.

According to some data, the “active life” time of most antibiotics ranges from 1-3 years, which not only forces the transition to more expensive broad-spectrum antibiotics, but also increases the already high need for the development of new drugs.

To reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance, from January 1, 2022, a ban has been established on the use of drugs for the treatment of non-contagious, infectious and parasitic animal diseases caused by pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms, without clinical confirmation of the diagnosis. It is also prohibited to continue using such drugs if treatment is not effective.

In addition, from March 1, 2023, it is prohibited at the legislative level to sell feed with the addition of antimicrobial drugs without a prescription, and also only if the manufacturer has a pharmaceutical license. In the future, a list of medications will be approved, including antimicrobial drugs, which will be dispensed only by prescription, as well as the procedure for prescribing such medications and the forms of prescription forms. The amendments are aimed at strengthening control over the use of antibacterial drugs in livestock and poultry farming.

Gastrointestinal diseases are most often recorded in calves, which is associated with a lack of natural protection of their body to the influence of unfavorable factors. On dairy farms and complexes, the incidence of these diseases reaches a high level and leads to economic damage due to the cost of treating young animals. Calves lag behind in growth and development, and subsequently their productivity decreases and they are not suitable for replenishing the main livestock.

Therefore, the use of phytobiotic preparations for the prevention of diarrhea in newborn calves is a pressing issue.

There is a known method of feeding farm animals ( patent RU 1771651, published on October 30, 1992 ), in which Leuzea safflower is introduced into the diet of animals in the form of herbal meal from leaves or roots, or an alcoholic extract of the roots of this plant.

The disadvantages of this method are: low content of phytoecdysteroids (20-hydroxyecdysone and others), which are carriers of the biological activity of substances. Their amount does not exceed 0.1% in terms of absolutely dry raw materials. Low safety of the feed additive was noted (as a result of bio- and oxidative destruction, the content of phytoecdysteroids in Leuzea grass meal drops from 0.1 to 0.04% and below over six months).

The composition of the infusion is known ( patent RU No. 2600824, published on October 27, 2016 ), prepared from the leaves of nettle, plantain and chickweed grass, taken in a ratio of 1:1:1, which is fed to calves at the rate of 5 ml/kg of body weight for 21 days daily in order to increase their nonspecific resistance.

The use of the above medicinal plants separately and in collections is inconvenient, since it is necessary to prepare infusions and decoctions directly on the farm, where conditions, as a rule, do not meet the requirements of veterinary and sanitary standards. At the same time, infusions and decoctions are characterized by a short shelf life. It is difficult to give animals medicinal decoctions and infusions in large volumes due to the specific smell or bitter taste.

The composition of a feed biostimulant is known, including a collection of dry medicinal and feed plants - wormwood, common tansy, St. John's wort, chamomile, common yarrow, large plantain, silver birch, knotweed, stinging nettle, blue alfalfa and sainfoin, intended to increase nonspecific resistance of the organism of dairy calves ( patent RU No. 2681343, published 03/06/2019 ).

A phytobiotic is known, which consists of a mixture of three types of medicinal plants (plantain, knotweed and chamomile), also a carbohydrate-energy complex in the form of glucose and fructose, a mineral part consisting of the microelements selenium and zinc in organic form, a vitamin part - ascorbic acid acid, rennet - beef pepsin ( RU patent No. 2692609, published 06.25.2019 ).

These supplements stimulate digestion, but do not contain sorbents that can bind endo- and exotoxins (pollutant metals, excretion products and vital activity of the intestinal microbiota).

A known additive for calves is based on arabinogalactans isolated from Siberian larch wood, which is introduced into dairy feed for 30 days as a prebiotic and vitamin preparation ( patent RU 2350098, published 03/27/2009 ).

These additives require preliminary preparation (alcohol or water extract from plants); some of them are not intended for long-term preventive use.

The closest analogue is a method (patent RU 2370274, published on October 20, 2009) of increasing nonspecific resistance in calves, which consists of using a tincture of a mixture of herbs and inflorescences of Echinacea purpurea, harmala herb, small-leaved linden flowers and licorice roots, taken in equal quantities, and used orally for 10-15 days in the form of an aqueous solution of 7-8% concentration together with an intramuscular injection of glycopin.

Some of the plants used in this method are difficult to collect, since they are not widespread in most of the territory of Russia.

The technical result of the present invention is the reduction of calves sick with diarrhea during the milk feeding period.

The technical result is achieved by including in the feeding regimen of newborn calves a composition from a mixture of medicinal plant extracts: stinging nettle, bergenia, dandelion, burdock roots.

The composition was obtained by mixing ready-made dry extracts of medicinal plants produced by TK Prestige LLC (St. Petersburg).

Composition of dry extracts of medicinal plants: Stinging nettle (0.5 mg), bergenia (0.5 mg), dandelion (0.5 mg), and burdock roots (0.5 mg) were given orally individually. The contents (total dose 2 mg) were diluted in 10 ml of boiled and cooled water and, after dissolution, fed to calves. Solutions were prepared immediately before use. The composition of medicinal plant extracts was started from the 1st day after birth, 30 minutes before feeding, 10 ml 1 time per day for 5 days.

The biological activity of the composition is due to the chemical composition of medicinal plant extracts:

- stinging nettle (common) – (Urtica dioica L.) contains: polyphenols - 8%, flavonoids - 1.7%, β-Carotene - 78.0 mg%, vanadium - 0.89 mg/g, chromium - 0, 06 mg/g, selenium – 10.5 mg/g;

- burdock roots (lat. Árctium): polyphenols - 5.3%, flavonoids - 3.2%, inulin - 10.1 mg%, vanadium - 0.13 mg/g, chromium - 0.12 mg/g, selenium – 0.7 mg/g.

- bergenia (Bergenia crassifolia Fritsch) – contains: tannins 30.5%, carotenoids - 204.2 mg%, ascorbic acid -40.6 mg%, flavonoids - 0.68%;

- dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Wigg.) contains: essential oils - 0.85%, carotenoids - 105 mg%, phenolic compounds 6.85%, vitamin PP - 0.85 mg%, inulin - 9.6%, saponins - 1.17%, ascorbic acid – 0.03%.

The biological activity of a composition made from a mixture of medicinal plant extracts is an order of magnitude higher than the activity of other drugs and decoctions from medicinal plants. High activity is due to a complex complex of main active ingredients.

The following indicators were taken into account in the experiments: physiological state, live weight and safety of calves.

Execution example

The scientific and economic experiment was carried out in a livestock farm in the Kemerovo region on calves of the black-and-white breed.

To conduct production experiments using the method of similar groups, one experimental and one control group of 10 animals each were formed.

In order to prevent diarrhea, newborn calves were given a composition of medicinal plant extracts orally from the 1st day after birth at a dose of 2 g once a day, 30 minutes before feeding, for five days (Table 1).

Table 1 – Research scheme

Group Number, goals Diet characteristics control 10 OP (basic diet) experienced 10 OR (basic diet) + composition of extracts of medicinal plants: stinging nettle (0.5 mg), bergenia (0.5 mg), dandelion (0.5 mg), burdock root (0.5 mg) (orally for 30 minutes before feeding in a dose of 10 ml 1 time per day from 1 day after birth for 5 days).

Due to the cumulative effect of the active ingredients, compositions from extracts of medicinal plants: stinging nettle (0.5 mg), bergenia (0.5 mg), dandelion (0.5 mg), burdock roots (0.5 mg) every 10 On the 2nd day, the calves of the experimental groups were weighed on electronic scales.

The growth rate of calves was determined by assessing live weight by weighing them at birth, at 10, 20 and 30 days of age (Table 2).

The young animals of the experimental group were significantly superior to their counterparts from the control group at 20 days of age by 1.9 kg (p<0.05) and at 30 days of age by 3.9 kg (p<0.01). At the same time, the gross gain for the entire period of the experiment in the experimental group was 3.6 kg greater than the control (p<0.001). The number of young animals in the experimental group significantly exceeded the control group by 120.0 g in average daily growth over the entire period of the experiment (p<0.001).

Table 2 - Results of weighing calves

Index Group Control Experienced Live weight at birth, kg 29.4±0.69 29.7±0.57 after 10 days, kg 34.2±0.56 35.4±0.68 after 20 days, kg 38.4±0.38 40.3±0.52* after 30 days, kg 44.7 ±0.65 48.6±0.59** Gross gain during the experimental period, kg 15.3±0.34 18.9±0.45*** Average daily increase during the experimental period, g 510.0±11.2 630.0±8.3***

In both groups, calves suffered from diarrhea on the 2nd and 4th days of the experiment. However, in the control group 4 calves (40%) fell ill, and in the experimental group 2 calves (20%). The duration of the disease in calves in the experimental group was 2 days less than in calves in the control group. Preventive effectiveness was 80% (Table 3).

Table 3 - Efficiency of using a composition of medicinal plant extracts

Index Group Control Experienced Number of calves, heads 10 10 Sick calves, heads/% 4/40 2/20 Onset of illness, days after birth 2 4 Duration of illness, days 5 3 Preventive effectiveness, % - 80

The reduction in the healing period of calves who consumed a composition of medicinal plant extracts was due to the fact that its plant part, along with other biologically active substances, contains a significant amount of pectin substances that help reduce the intensity of the putrefaction process in the intestines and bind (remove from the body) toxic substances. products of exchange.

Thus, the use of a composition of dry extracts of medicinal plants in feeding: stinging nettle (0.5 mg), bergenia (0.5 mg), dandelion (0.5 mg), burdock roots (0.5 mg) helps reduce recovery period for calves from diarrhea that consumed a composition of medicinal plant extracts, with a preventive effectiveness of 80%.

Claims (1)

A method for the prevention of diarrhea in newborn calves, characterized in that from the 1st day after birth, for 5 days, 30 minutes before feeding, newborn calves are individually orally administered a composition of medicinal plant extracts based on nettle, bergenia, dandelion, burdock roots in a dose of 10 ml 1 time per day, and stinging nettle extract is used in a dose of 0.5 mg, bergenia extract - 0.5 mg, dandelion extract - 0.5 mg, burdock root - 0.5 mg, and the composition from extracts is obtained by diluting extracts of stinging nettle, bergenia, dandelion officinalis, and burdock roots in 10 ml of cooled boiled water.