RU2494280C2 - Method of fuel feed control and device to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device comprises atomiser with two levels of orifices with spring-loaded needle and sleeve aligned therewith. Said needle and sleeve are articulated. Besides, this device includes separate fuel pump for every atomiser driven by camshaft articulated with crankshaft via roll with rocker. Said hydraulic atomiser comprises needle and sleeve aligned therewith and with two levels of orifices. Is has four controlled mechanical valves with stems, this device includes separate fuel pump for every atomiser driven by camshaft articulated with crankshaft via roll with rocker. Besides, it has high-pressure hydraulic accumulator with high-pressure control valve for every atomiser hydraulically communicated with separate fuel pump at inlet and with atomiser at outlet with its chamber under and above needle and sleeve. Also, it has low-pressure accumulator, mechanical control valve with rod with conical or some other shutoff surface for every atomiser and fast-operation reversing drive for every nozzle. Said low-pressure accumulator is communicated at its inlet with under-plunger chamber of every separate fuel high-pressure pump, displacement multiplier and fast-operation reversing mechanical drive. Control chamber above needle of every atomiser is communicated with low-pressure hydraulic accumulator via channel isolated by first mechanical valve. Control chamber above needle of every atomiser is communicated with low-pressure hydraulic accumulator via channel isolated by second mechanical valve. Second spring-loaded mechanical valve can displace to top position jointly with first valve at upper displacement section owing to engagement there between. Control chamber above needle of every atomiser is communicated with low-pressure hydraulic accumulator via channel isolated by third mechanical valve. Control chamber above needle of every atomiser is communicated with low-pressure hydraulic accumulator via channel isolated by fourth mechanical valve. Fourth spring-loaded mechanical valve can displace to top position jointly with third valve at upper displacement section owing to engagement there between. First and third said valves are connected by lever with rod with fast-operation reversing mechanical drive.

EFFECT: better dynamics of fuel feed, higher indicated efficiency and controlled injection using simple mechanical means.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for controlling the supply of fuel for internal combustion engines, diesel engines (hereinafter ICE), in stationary installations with high power diesel engines and mobile vehicles, on tractors with any type of transmission, in particular with electric transmission, for the implementation of a wide range of technologies in rural economy (plowing, threshing rolls with combines, laying rolls with reapers), for road-building machines and technologies implemented with their help, in automobile, railway and water transport, armor engineering and engineering machines

The prior art method for controlling fuel supply (Electro-hydraulic nozzle with a two-position valve. University proceedings Engineering - 2002 - No. 2 - p. 63-75. Authors SA Bogachev, Yu.E. Khryashchev)

This method of controlling the supply of fuel in nozzles with one level of openings, including the supply of fuel under high pressure under the needle from the high pressure source, the removal of fuel from the chamber above the needle through the second mechanical valve, moving the needle to the upper position, the supply of high pressure fuel through the first mechanical valve into the chamber above the needle from above, moving the needle to its lowest position

This method involves the independent and consistent operation of the discharge and discharge valves. controlled by one spool and its drive, which can be a solenoid, piezoelectric drive or mechanical drive.

When the unloading valve is open and the on / off valve is in the left (upper) extreme position, the filling valve is closed. Fuel is diverted through the discharge valve to an external container from the chamber above the needle, while fuel is supplied directly under the needle. bypassing the filling valve. The needle rises to the upper extreme position due to the pressure difference under and above the needle, openings under the needle open and injection occurs.

When the filling valve is open and the on / off valve is in the right (lower) extreme position, the discharge valve is closed. Fuel is supplied through the filling valve from the high-pressure hydraulic accumulator to the chamber above the needle, while fuel is supplied directly under the needle, bypassing the filling valve. The needle moves to the lower extreme position due to the difference in the area of the pad above the needle and the differential pad under the needle with the same pressure applied to the chamber above the needle and under the needle, the holes under the needle are closed and fuel is cut off. The known method has significant disadvantages that do not allow it to be used for nozzles with two or more levels of holes for injection.

The operation of two valves is carried out sequentially in time and in antiphase.

The above operations are implemented on nozzles with one level of holes, and the needle is free, not spring-loaded and moves independently of the on-off valve.

The implementation of the control method in fuel supply systems with two levels of holes will require a repetition of the above operations for both the first and second levels of holes.

The disadvantage in the implementation of the method and its operations is that for its use in nozzles with two levels of openings, two on-off valves are required, which can only be controlled independently and, therefore, require two independent actuators and the complexity of the design of the fuel supply system.

In addition, four valves are required: two filling and two discharge and twice as many precision surfaces for the implementation of these valves. This will also complicate the design and cost of the nozzles. At the same time, the valves have exactly the same functions and cannot, for example, cut off the high-pressure fuel supply under the needle and sleeve during shut-off. The present invention extends the functions of control valves that are controlled by a single actuator.

The method is implemented using a high-pressure hydraulic accumulator, which is remote from the nozzles and thereby creates undesirable pressure fluctuations during injection due to wave processes developing in long pipelines. The combined use of an individual high-pressure fuel pump and an individual high-pressure hydraulic accumulator allows to get rid of this drawback. An individual fuel pump (ITN) makes it possible to bring the source of high pressure and the nozzle as close as possible, and the individual accumulator reliably stabilizes the high fuel pressure created by the individual fuel pump.

In addition, the ITN consumes less fuel for control since at the injection stage an amount of fuel equal to the volume of fuel during multi-injection and the fuel that is spent during cut-offs for multi-injection is supplied.

In the high-pressure accumulator (HAVD) of the CR system, with cut-offs that continue after each cycle is implemented, a considerable amount of fuel is spent for each cylinder for some time. For four-cylinder diesels, for example, twice as much fuel is consumed between the cylinders during injection cut-offs as when using ITN.

The present invention is free from the above disadvantages.

The prior art device for controlling the supply of fuel (prototype) to an internal combustion engine (Electro-hydraulic nozzle with a two-position valve. University proceedings Engineering - 2002 - No. 2 - p. 63-75 authors S. A. Bogachev, Yu.E. Khryashchev)

This is an implementation device for controlling fuel supply, including a nozzle with a needle without a spring, with two valves with mechanical switching from one position to another, a sprayer with one level of openings, a fuel tank, a fuel priming pump, a high pressure fuel pump, a high pressure hydraulic accumulator, hydraulically coupled.

In this device, the needle is not spring-loaded, and the absence of a spring increases the speed of the needle and, as a result, improves the fuel supply due to the formation of steep feed fronts with minimization of losses during transients. In addition, the needle moves regardless of the movement of the on / off valve.

In this device, the first mechanical valve - filling and the second mechanical valve - unloading operate in antiphase and have a common drive.

The disadvantage of this device is that for its use in nozzles with two levels of openings, two on-off valves are required, which can only be controlled independently and, therefore, will require two independent actuators and complications in the design of the fuel supply system.

In addition, four valves are required: two filling and two discharge and twice as many precision surfaces for the implementation of these valves. This will also complicate the design and cost of the nozzles.

In addition, the device does not allow you to control the injection through two or more levels of holes with a single drive, which also significantly limits its capabilities. The device is implemented using a high-pressure hydraulic accumulator, which is remote from the nozzles and thereby creates undesirable pressure fluctuations during injection due to wave processes developing in long pipelines. Therefore, it is advisable to replace the GAVD with an individual high-pressure fuel pump as close as possible to the nozzle, and for four valves use one drive.

The aim of the invention is to improve the dynamics of the fuel supply and increase the indicator efficiency, as well as simplify, increase reliability and reduce the cost of fuel supply equipment.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of controlling the fuel supply, including switching two control valves from one position to another, supplying high pressure fuel under the needle from the high pressure source, removing fuel from the chamber above the needle through the open second mechanical valve and moving the needle to the upper position during injection, the movement of the needle to the lowest position, according to the claimed invention, supply fuel with a high pressure plunger from an individual fuel pump to an individual hydraulic high-pressure accumulator, and from it into the nozzle and into the chambers under and above the needle and the sleeve when at least one preliminary injection, at least one main injection, at least one main injection after the main one is realized during fuel supply cut-offs after preliminary injection, main injection, injection after the main, fuel is supplied from an individual high-pressure hydraulic accumulator to a low-pressure accumulator through a high-pressure control valve and into the nozzle chambers above the needle and the sleeve during shutoffs, return the plunger to the upper position using a compressed spring on the rod, supply fuel to the subplunger cavity of the individual fuel pump from the low-pressure accumulator and fuel tank through pipelines with non-return valves separate for each individual fuel pump carry out fuel supply through two levels of holes; for this, at least one preliminary injection is carried out to at least one main and at least one injection p After at least one main through the openings of the first level, while at each preliminary injection and at each injection after the main, the stem of the first and third mechanical valves is mechanically moved to the upper extreme position using cams with microprofiles with a given identical height, rotating with a frequency proportional to the rotational speed of the crankshaft interacting with a plate kinematically connected to the first and third mechanical valves, open the first and third mechs simultaneously fuel valves through the channel blocked by the third valve, at each injection from the individual hydraulic high-pressure accumulator under the needle and into the chamber above the needle, fuel is removed from the chamber above the needle and from the individual hydraulic high-pressure accumulator through the channel blocked by the first mechanical valve in low pressure accumulator during the opening of the first mechanical valve, move the needle to its highest position due to the pressure difference above and below the needle, hold and In the upper position, when fuel is supplied to the cylinder due to the fuel pressure under the needle, the rods of the first and third mechanical valves are held in the upper position mechanically during the interaction of microprofiles with a given and equal height with a convex surface of constant radius at the end of the plate for the duration of each preliminary injection and each injection after the main through the holes of the first level, after the end of each preliminary injection, and each injection after the main through the holes of the per At the first level, move the stem of the first and third mechanical valves to the lowest position using a spring and hold it in the lowest position during each cut-off, stop the fuel supply to the low-pressure hydraulic accumulator through a channel blocked by the first mechanical valve, stop the fuel supply from the individual high pressure hydraulic accumulator through a channel blocked by a third mechanical valve under the needle, fuel is supplied from an individual hydraulic accumulator high pressure into the chamber above the needle, move the needle to its lowest position due to the difference in area above and below the needle and hold it hydraulically for the duration of each cut-off, at least one main injection through the openings of the first level and second levels and at each the main injection is moved mechanically first, the rods of the first and third mechanical valves using a cam with a microprofile with a given height, a greater height of the microprofiles for the implementation of preliminary and injection after the main, interacting with the plate kinematically connected to the first third mechanical valves, open the first and third mechanical valves, supply fuel at each main injection with high pressure from an individual hydraulic high-pressure accumulator under the needle through a channel blocked by the third mechanical valve, and into the chamber above with a needle, through the channel blocked by the first mechanical valve, fuel is removed from the chamber above the needle and from an individual high-pressure hydraulic accumulator They move into the low pressure accumulator and start injection through the first level of the holes, after some movement of the first and third mechanical valves, they move simultaneously the second mechanical valve kinematically connected with the first to the upper extreme position, open a channel blocked by the second mechanical valve between the control chamber above the sleeve and the low pressure accumulator and divert the fuel from the chamber above the sleeve into the low pressure accumulator, move simultaneously with the third the second mechanical valve, kinematically connected with the third to the upper extreme position, open a channel blocked by the fourth mechanical valve connecting the individual hydraulic high-pressure accumulator to the chamber under the sleeve, supply high-pressure fuel under the sleeve, while opening the second and fourth mechanical valves, move the sleeve to its highest position due to the pressure difference above and below the sleeve, start injection through the holes of the second level, hold the sleeve in the upper position and the fuel supply to the cylinder due to the fuel pressure under the bushing, the rods of the first, second, third and fourth mechanical valves are held in the upper position mechanically during the interaction of the microprofile with a higher height than during preliminary injection with a convex surface of constant radius at the end of the plate for a duration the main injection through the holes of the first and second levels, after the main injection through the holes of the first and second level levels, move the rods of the first, second, third and the fourth mechanical valve to its lowest position using springs and hold them in the lowest position during each cut-off, stop the fuel supply to the low pressure hydraulic accumulator through the first and second mechanical valves, stop the fuel supply through the third and fourth mechanical valves from the individual hydraulic a high-pressure accumulator under the needle and sleeve, fuel is supplied from an individual high-pressure hydraulic accumulator to the control chambers above the needle and With the help of a wrench, they move the needle and the sleeve to the lowest position due to the difference in the areas above and below the needle and the sleeve and hold them hydraulically for the duration of each cut-off after the main injection, fuel is supplied during all cut-offs from the individual hydraulic high-pressure accumulator through the high pressure control valve into the low pressure accumulator and through it into the high pressure fuel pump, move the plate interacting with the microprofiles that control the By searching along the axis of the camshaft with microprofiles with the running edge of each microprofile parallel to the axis of the camshaft and the runaway edge of each microprofile parallel to the bevel of the convex surface at the end of the plate, manually or automatically change the length of the convex surface of the plate along the bevel with continuous control and change the duration of each injection.

This goal is achieved in that the fuel supply control device, comprising a nozzle with a needle without a spring, with two valves with mechanical switching from one position to another, a spray with one level of holes, a fuel tank, a fuel priming pump, a high pressure fuel pump, a high pressure hydraulic accumulator pressure, connected hydraulically, according to the claimed invention, the nozzle is made hydraulic with a needle and a sleeve, a pine needle, and with two levels of holes, the device is equipped with two control mechanical valves with rods, a low-pressure hydraulic accumulator, an individual high-pressure fuel pump for each nozzle, connected at the outlet to an individual high-pressure hydraulic accumulator inlet with a high-pressure control valve for each nozzle, hydraulically connected to the nozzle at the outlet and through a control valve high pressure with a hydraulic low pressure accumulator, which is connected at the inlet to the sub-plunger cavity each individual high-pressure fuel pump, displacement multiplier, high-speed reversing mechanical drive, the control chamber above the needle of each nozzle is connected to the hydraulic low-pressure accumulator through a channel blocked by the first mechanical valve, the control chamber above the sleeve of each nozzle is connected to the low-pressure hydraulic accumulator through the channel, blocked by the second mechanical valve, the second mechanical valve is spring-loaded with the possibility of joint moving to the upper extreme position with the first mechanical valve in the upper part of the movement due to the kinematic connection between the first and second mechanical valves, the control chamber under the needle of each nozzle is connected to the individual hydraulic high-pressure accumulator through a channel blocked by the third mechanical valve, the control chamber under the sleeve each nozzle is connected to an individual hydraulic high-pressure accumulator through a channel blocked by a fourth mechanical Apan, the fourth mechanical valve is spring-loaded with the possibility of joint movement to the upper extreme position with the third mechanical valve in the upper part of the movement due to kinematic connection between the third and fourth mechanical valves, the first and third mechanical valves are connected by a lever with a rod with a quick-acting reversible mechanical actuator, which equipped with at least one plate for one cylinder with a surface of constant radius convex at one end and defined for convex part with at least one bevel, convex part of the plate, a shaft connected kinematically to the crankshaft, with at least one profiled cam on it with at least two microprofiles of the same height for realizing preliminary injection and injection after the main one through openings of the first level, and with at least one microprofile of a greater height than the height of microprofiles for the implementation of preliminary injection and injection after the main one, located between these microprofiles on at least one cam, for the implementation of the main injection through the holes of the first and second levels, the microprofiles are made with a running edge parallel to the axis of the nozzle needle and with a running edge parallel to the bevel of the convex surface of the end of the plate, while adjusting the injection duration, each plate is made to move along the axis of the rod, connected directly or through a movement multiplier to the rod, to which the first and third mechanical valves are connected, and through them the second and fourth mechanical valves, kinema practically connected with the first and third in the upper part of the displacement, each plate is made with the possibility of displacement in a plane perpendicular or at an angle to the axis of the needle and the sleeve when adjusting the injection duration and is connected for this by a spline connection with the rod relative to which the plate moves. A device for implementing the method is illustrated by drawings:

figure 1 - shows the nozzle (longitudinal section) and four mechanical valves for controlling the fuel supply at two levels with conical locking surfaces of the seats, connected to a high-speed reversing mechanical drive (BRMP) through a movement multiplier (MP) with a spring-loaded rod at the outlet;

figure 2 - shows the kinematic diagram of BRMP with linear displacement of mechanical valves kinematically connected to the plate, and a program for controlling the duration of fuel injection located outside the mechanical valves on a half-plate with a curved end and with a convex surface of constant radius at the end with a program of variable duration of injection on them and on profiled cams with program profiles of different heights for the implementation of preliminary injection, main injection and injection after the main, as well as spring loaded rod with a splined connection with a plate movable plate relative to the rod in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spring-loaded rod (cross section) or at an angle thereto;

figure 3 shows a part of the BRMP kinematic scheme with linear movement of the plate for two mechanical valves and a fuel injection duration control program located outside the valves on a half-plate with a curved end and with a convex surface of constant radius at the end with a variable injection duration program;

figure 4 - shows a block diagram of a fuel supply system with two mechanical valves for controlling the fuel supply through two levels of holes, an individual high pressure fuel pump (ITN) for each nozzle, an individual high pressure hydraulic accumulator (IHAVD) for each nozzle, nozzle and low pressure hydraulic accumulator (GAND).

The device in figure 1 consists of: a housing 1 with a spray, with holes 2 of the first level for fuel injection, holes 3 of the second level for fuel injection, a needle 4, an annular groove 5 in the needle 4, an annular chamber 6 in the body of the nozzle 1 for controlling the needle four; a control chamber 7 above the needle 4, channels 8 for supplying fuel from an individual high pressure accumulator (IHAVD) to the control chamber 7 above the needle 4 and under the needle 4; channel 9 for the removal of fuel from the control chamber 7 above the needle into the low pressure accumulator (GAND); sleeve 10, an annular groove in the housing 11 for supplying fuel under the sleeve, an annular chamber 12 in the body of the nozzle 1 under the sleeve 10 for supplying high pressure fuel under the sleeve 10 and its additional differential pad; control camera 13 above the sleeve 10; channels 14 for supplying fuel under high pressure from IGAVD to the control chamber 13 above the sleeve 10 and under the sleeve; channel 15 for the removal of fuel from the control chamber above the sleeve 10, the cover 16 of the nozzle 1 with a hole for the rod; the rod 17, the lever 18 with the rod 19 of the first mechanical valve that overlaps the channel 9 for removing fuel from the control chamber 7 above the needle 4; the rod 20 of the second mechanical valve with a platform for the spring (the spring is not shown in a separate position) blocking the channel 15 kinematically connected to the lever 18, the rod 21 of the third mechanical valve connected rigidly to the lever 18 and blocking the channel 8 for supplying fuel from the IGAVD under the needle 4; the stem 22 of the fourth mechanical valve with a platform for the spring (the spring is not shown in a separate position), blocking the channel 14, kinematically connected to the lever 18; a movement multiplier 23 (MP 23) connected at the input to the rod 17; rod 24 at the output of the MP 23, spring-loaded spring 25; fixed stand 26.

The device in figure 2 represents a high-speed reversible mechanical drive (BRMP) and consists of: a rod 17 at the input of the MP 23; the rod 24 at the output of the MP 23, spring-loaded with a spring 25 with emphasis in the rack 26; plates 27 with splines 28 and a convex end 29 (VP 29) with a bevel connected to the rod 24 to move it along the axis of the needle and in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the needle 4; cam 30 on a shaft 31 with microprofiles with a running edge parallel to the axis of the cam 31 and a running edge parallel to the bevel VP29: microprofile 32 for realizing preliminary injection (ST) through the first level of the holes; a microprofile 33 of a greater height than a microprofile 32 for realizing a PV for realizing a main injection (OB) of greater duration through the first and second levels of holes; microprofile 34 for injection after the main (VPO) through the first level of the holes with a height of microprofile 34 equal to the height of microprofile 32.

The device in figure 3 represents a high-speed reversible mechanical drive (BRMP) and consists of: a rod 17 at the input of the MP 23; the rod 24 at the output of the MP 23, spring-loaded with a spring 25 with emphasis in the rack 26; plate 27 with slots 28 and a convex end 29 (VP 29) with a bevel connected to the rod 24 to move it along the axis of the needle 4 and the sleeve 10 in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the needle 4 and the sleeve 10.

The device in figure 4 consists of: a fuel tank 35 connected by a pipe 36 with a fuel priming pump 37; a pipe 38 with a check valve 39, which is connected to a common pipe 40; branches from the common pipeline 40 in the form of pipelines 41 with non-return valves, by which the fuel priming pump 37 is connected to each ITN; a shaft 42 connected kinematically with the crankshaft, with a cam 43 interacting via a roller 44 and a rocker 45 with a spring-loaded spring 46, a plunger 47 of the high pressure pump ITN 48; pipeline 49 with a check valve 50 connecting IGAVD 51 with a high pressure control valve 52 (KVRD 52) with the output of an individual fuel pump 48 (ITN 48); a pipeline 53 connecting the nozzle 1 and its control chamber above and below the needle 4 and the sleeve 10 with the output of the IGAVD 51; a pipeline 54 connecting the KRVD 52 to a hydraulic low-pressure accumulator (GAND); a pipeline 55 connecting the nozzle 1 and the GAND 56 with a pressure control valve 57 (KRD 57); a pipeline 58 connecting the GAND 56 outlet with a common pipeline 40 and pipelines 41 for supplying fuel to the sub-plunger cavity of each individual ITN 48.

The operation of the device that implements the method.

Fuel injection is as follows. The cam 43 of the actuator ITN 48 with an eccentricity is rotated on the shaft 42, interacts with the roller 44 of the rocker arm 45. The arm 45 transfers the force from the cam 43 to the plunger 47, which moves downward, compresses the spring 46, delivers fuel under pressure from the ITN 48 through a pipe 49 with a check valve 50 in the IHAVD 51.

From IGAVD 51, fuel is supplied via line 53 to the nozzle 1 to the control chambers above and below the needle 4 and the sleeve 10. The plunger 47 quickly moves downward with a sharp increase in the height of the cam profile 43 and its interaction with the rocker arm 44. At the end of the fuel supply cycle, the cam profile 43 with an eccentricity begins to decrease relative to the center of rotation. Under the action of the spring 46 and the pressure of the fuel supplied from the GAND 56 through the KRD57 through the pipeline 58 with a non-return valve, the common pipeline 40 with branches 41 with non-return valves for each ITN 48, the plunger 47 will move up.

From GAND 56 under the plunger 47, fuel is supplied under a certain pressure, which was spent on controlling the fuel supply process. The subplunger cavity of each ITN 48 is filled with fuel. At the same time, part of the fuel enters the subplunger cavity from the fuel pump 37 and fuel tank 35 through pipelines 36, 38, since part of the fuel displaced by the plunger 47 enters the IHAVD 51, and from it under high pressure into the nozzle 1 and is injected into the cylinder .

IGAVD 51 allows maintaining the fuel pressure constant more reliably than the common hydraulic accumulator of the Common Rail system, which is used to supply fuel to all nozzles.

The device implements at least three injections: preliminary injection (PV), main injection (S), injection after the main (VPO).

When this PV and VPO are carried out using microprofiles 32 and 34 of the same height, interacting with the plate 27 during the injection through the first level of holes 2.

OV is carried out using a microprofile 33 with a height greater than the height of the microprofiles 32 and 34, interacting with the plate 27 when realized through the second level of holes 3 simultaneously with injection through the first level of holes 2.

The operation of the device during the implementation of PV and VPO at lower heights of microprofiles 32 and 34 and fuel injection only through the first level of holes 2.

In the presence of a spring 25 (figure 2. Figure 3) BRMP works as follows. The movement of the plate 27 upward during the implementation of the airflow and the low-speed airflow is carried out by turning the cam 30 on the shaft 31 kinematically connected to the crankshaft to realize airflow during mechanical interaction of the microprofile 32 with the plate 27; for the implementation of VPO during the mechanical interaction of the microprofile 34 with the plate 27.

A spring 25 is stretched, in which potential energy is stored. Together with the plate 27, the rod 24 moves. Through the MP 23, the rod 17 with the lever 18 and the rod 19 of the first mechanical valve blocking the channel 9 for removing fuel to the GAND 56 through the pipe 55, also the rod 21 of the third mechanical valve blocking the channel for supplying fuel under the needle 4 through the annular chamber 5 and the annular groove 5.

The lever 18 thus comes close to the platform of the stem 20 of the second mechanical valve, spring-loaded (the spring is not shown separately in figure 1), but does not act on it and does not move the rod 2 0 during the implementation of PV and VPO.

The lever 18 also comes close to the platform of the stem 22 of the fourth mechanical valve spring-loaded with a spring (the spring is not shown separately in figure 1), but does not act on it and does not move the stem 20 during the implementation of the air defense and the VPO.

The microprofiles 32 and 34 are made of a lower height for PV and VPO and they squeeze the plate 27 and, therefore, the rod 17 with the lever 18 only to a height sufficient to move the rod 17 and open the first mechanical valve with the rod 20 and the channel 9 connecting the control chamber 7 above with a needle 4 and GAND 56 through a pipeline 55, during the implementation of air supply and high-pressure equipment through the first level of openings 2, as well as to open a third mechanical valve with a stem 22 and a channel 8 connecting IGAVD 51 with an annular chamber 6, an annular groove 5 and through them with a needle room needle chamber 4.

Channel 9 opens and fuel from the control chamber 7 above the needle 4 enters through channel 9 in the nozzle body and pipeline 55 to the GAND 56. Channel 8 opens and fuel from IGAVD 51 enters through channel 8 in the nozzle body and through the annular chamber and ring groove 5 under needle 4 and moves it to the upper extreme position. The movement of the needle 4 upwards is accompanied by the displacement of fuel from the control chamber 7 above the needle 4 and the start of injection through the openings 2 of the first level during PV and VPO.

After moving the plate 27, and with it the first mechanical valve with the stem 19 to the upper position for the airflow and for the HPE, injections begin. Between the pads of the rods 20 and 22 and the lever 18 there is a gap, which is fully selected when the rod 17 and the lever 18 are moving during the MF and VPO. But at the same time, the rods 20 and 22 of the second and fourth mechanical valves of the mechanical valve are not captured by the lever 18 when it moves upward and injection through the holes 3 of the second level does not occur.

Fuel is supplied with each of at least two injections of PV and VPO from IGAVD 51 through pipeline 43 (Fig. 4), channels 8 into the chamber 7 above the needle 4 and under the needle 4 through the annular chamber 6 and the annular groove 5. The needle 4 moves up due to the difference in pressure under the needle 4 and pressure above the needle 4 and, therefore, in the GAND 56, which is installed using KRD 47 and which is much lower than the pressure in the IGAD 51.

The pressure in the fuel system does not drop to zero. The fuel enters GAND 56 under some pressure and does not fall below the pressure set by the KRD 57, which is variable and is determined by the operating mode. This improves the efficiency of the nozzle.

Microprofiles 32 at PV and 34 at VPO alternately interact with VP 29 of constant radius. Therefore, during PV and VPO, the first mechanical valve with a stem 19 is in its highest position.

The duration of each injection is determined by the length of the VP 29 and the surface length of each of the microprofiles 32 for PV and 34 for VPO. This duration varies according to the purpose of the injection.

PV is performed with a short duration, because its purpose is to prepare the optimal combustion of the main portion of the fuel without the formation of nitrogen oxides.

VPO is also implemented with a short duration necessary for the afterburning of fuel from the main injection. In all cases, the duration of the injection is adjustable.

After the interaction of microprofile 32 with PV and microprofile 34 with VPO with a given length with VP 29, microprofiles 32 and 34 exit this interaction with VP 29.

Injections of PV and VPO end when the run-down edges of microprofiles 32 and 34 parallel to the bevel of VP 29 leave contact with VP 29.

The parallelism of the runaway edges of the microprofiles 32 and 34 of the VP 29 bevel line is necessary so that the compression forces and the tangential forces that act on the microprofiles 32 and 34 are distributed evenly along the runaway edges of the microprofiles 32, 34 and the bevels of the VP 29 of the plate 27.

In this case, for each of the injections of PV and VPO, after their completion, the spring 25 is compressed, returns the rod 24, and through the MP 23 and the rod 17 to the lowermost position, and with it the lever 18, the rods 19 and 21 of the first and third mechanical valves to the extreme lower position.

Channel 19 of the first mechanical valve closes channel 9 and fuel stops coming from chamber 7 through channel 9 to pipeline 55 to GAND 56.

The channel 8 is closed by the stem 21 of the third mechanical valve and the fuel from the IGAVD 51 ceases to flow under the needle 4 during shutoff.

At the same time, fuel enters through channel 8 from IGAVD 51 to the control chamber 7 above the needle 4. The needle 4 moves down to the saddle due to the difference between the area on top of the needle 4 and the differential areas on the bottom of the needle 4.

In addition, during each cut-off, fuel flows through the high-pressure fuel pump 52 and pipe 54 to the GAND 56 and via pipe 58 to the ITN 48, thereby not disrupting the operation of the IGAVD 51 and ITN 48 after filling the control chamber 7 above the needle 4.

The operation of the device during the implementation of OM through the first and second levels of holes 2 and 3.

OB injection is realized by fuel injection through the second level of the holes 3 in the gap between the air supply and the HPO simultaneously with the fuel injection through the first level of the holes 2. The proportion of fuel that is injected through the second level of the holes 3 is much larger than the fraction of fuel that is injected during the main injection through the holes of the first level due to the large difference in the diameters of the holes for the injection of the first level and second level.

The plate 27 is moved upward when the OM is realized, when the cam 30 is rotated on the shaft 31 kinematically connected to the crankshaft to provide the OM during the mechanical interaction of the microprofile 33 with the plate 27. A spring 25 is stretched, in which the potential energy is stored. Together with the plate 27, the rod 24 moves. Through the MP 23, the rod 17 with the lever 18 and the rod of the first mechanical valve 19, which blocks the channel 9 for removing fuel to the GAND 56, moves through the pipe 55. The channel 9 opens and the fuel from the control chamber 7 above the needle enters channel 9 and pipeline 55 in GAND 56.

The rod 21 of the third mechanical valve moves, the channel 8 opens, the fuel from the IGAVD 51 enters under the needle 4 through the annular chamber 6 and the annular groove 5.

The needle 4 and moves up due to the pressure difference under the needle 4 and the pressure above the needle 4 and in the GAND 56, which is installed using the KRD 57 and which is much lower than the pressure of the IHAVD 51. The injection of part of the fuel, as a small part of the OB, through the holes 2 begins first level.

The duration of this injection is equal to the duration of the main injection.

OV is carried out with the maximum duration necessary to supply the required amount of fuel to the cylinder to realize the required power. When the plate 27 interacts with the microprofile 33 with a higher height, the plate 27, the rod 24, the rod 17 with the lever 18 and the rods 19 and 21 of the first and third mechanical valves move to a higher height than in the case of the interaction of the microprofiles 32 and 34 with the plate 27.

Therefore, after the rod 17 is raised to a certain height, the lever 18 connected to the rod 17 captures the rods 20, 22 of the second and fourth mechanical valves and acts on them mechanically from below through the rods of the rods 20 and 22, moves the rods 20 and 22 to the upper extreme position. When moving upwards, the rods 20 compress the springs (the springs are not shown in FIG. 1). In the springs 1, the potential energy is stored necessary to return the rods 20 and 22 to their original position during cutoff

The rod 15 opens the channel 15 of the second mechanical valve and the fuel from the control chamber 13 above the sleeve enters through the channel 15 and the pipeline 55 to the GAND 56.

The channel 14 opens through the stem 22 of the fourth mechanical valve and the fuel from the IGAVD 51 under high pressure enters the sleeve 10 through the annular chamber 12 and the annular groove 11.

At the same time, fuel under high pressure enters the channel 13 into the chamber 13 above the sleeve 10. The sleeve 10 moves upward due to the difference in pressure under the sleeve 10 and the pressure in the control chamber 13 above the sleeve 10 and, therefore, in the GAND 56, which is installed using the KRD 47 and which is significantly lower than the pressure from the IHAVD 51.

The movement of the sleeve 10 up is accompanied by the displacement of fuel from the control chamber 13 above the sleeve 10 and the start of injection through the holes 3 of the second level during the implementation of the OS.

The main injection thus takes place through the two levels of the openings 2 and 3. In this case, most of the fuel is injected through the openings 3 of the second level, since the openings 3 of the second level are selected with a larger diameter.

The pressure in the fuel system does not drop to zero. The fuel enters GAND 56 under pressure and does not fall below the pressure set by the KRD 57, which is variable and is determined by the operating mode. This improves the efficiency of the nozzle.

The microprofile 33 at OB interacts with VP 29 of constant radius. Therefore, during the OB, the first, second, third, fourth mechanical valves with rods 19, 20,21,22 are in the highest position.

The duration of each injection is determined by the length of the VP 29 and the surface length of the microprofile 33 at RH. This duration varies according to the purpose of the injection.

OV is carried out with the maximum duration necessary to supply the required amount of fuel to the cylinder to realize the required power.

After the interaction of each microprofile 33 with OB with a given length with VP 29, microprofile 33 leaves this interaction with VP 29.

Injections through openings 2 and 3 of the first and second levels end, realizing the main injection, when the runaway edge of the microprofile 33, parallel to the bevel of the VP 29, leaves contact with the VP 29.

In this case, for each OM after its completion, the spring 25 is compressed, returns the stem 24, and through the MP 23 and the stem 17 to the lowest position, and with it the lever 18 and the rods 19 and 21 of the first and third mechanical valves to the lowermost position. The valve springs with stems 20 and 22 returns the stems 20, 22 of the second and fourth mechanical valves to their lowest position.

Between the areas of the rods 20 and 22 of the second and fourth mechanical valves and the lever 18, a gap is formed again, which is selected only when the rod 17 and the lever 18 are moved upward during the main injection.

The channel 9 is closed by the stem 19 of the first mechanical valve and the fuel stops coming from the chamber 7 through the channel 9 to the pipeline 55 to the GAND 56. The fuel enters through the channel from the IGAD 51 to the control chamber 7 above the needle 4. The needle 4 moves down to the saddle due to the difference of the platform from above needle 4 and differential pads below needle 4.

There is a cutoff of the fuel supply through the first level of the holes 2 with the main injection.

The channel 15 is closed by the rod 20 of the second mechanical valve and the fuel stops coming from the chamber 13 through the channel 15 to the pipeline 55 to the GAND 56.

The channel 8 is closed by the stem 21 of the third mechanical valve and the fuel stops coming from the IGAVD 51 under the needle 4 through the annular chamber 6 and the annular groove 5. However, the fuel enters through the channel 8 from the IGAVD 51 into the control chamber 7 above the needle 4. The needle 4 moves down on the saddle due to the difference between the area on top of the needle 4 and the differential areas on the bottom of the needle 4. Cut-off occurs when there is no pressure on the needle 4 from the bottom, which means that fixing the needle 4 on the stop is more reliable, especially when implementing partial modes.

The channel 14 is closed by the stem 22 of the fourth mechanical valve and the fuel stops coming from the IGAVD 51 under the sleeve 10 through the annular chamber 12 and the annular groove 11. At the same time, the fuel flows through the channel 8 from the IGAVD 51 into the control chamber 13 above the sleeve 10. The sleeve 10 moves down on the saddle due to the difference in the area above the sleeve 10 and the differential platforms below the sleeve 10. The cut-off occurs when there is no pressure on the sleeve 10 from the bottom and therefore the fixing of the sleeve 10 on the stop is more reliable, especially when implementing partial modes.

There is a cutoff of the fuel supply through the second level of the holes 3 with the main injection.

In addition, during each cut-off, fuel is supplied to the GAND 56 through the KRVD 52 and pipeline 54, and from there through the KRD 57 and through pipelines 58 and 40 to the ITN 48, without thereby violating the operation of the ITN 48 and IGAVD 51 after filling the control chamber 13 over bushing 10.

Three injections already allow optimizing the combustion of fuel in the cylinder, and, consequently, increase the indicator efficiency diesel engine.

The advantage of BRMP is that it does not require sources of electrical energy, unlike nozzles with electro-valve control.

Complex devices for converting and storing energy in short periods of time are not required. This simplifies the fuel supply device, increases its reliability. Less energy is spent on controlling the injection. The efficiency is increasing power plant with internal combustion engine.

The regulation of the duration of the injection is carried out by moving (Fig. 4) the plate 27 with VP 29 with a bevel along the slots 28 connected to the plate 27 relative to the rod 24. Moving the plate 27 along the slots 28 in a plane perpendicular to or located at an angle to the plane of the rod 24 or 17 will change the length of the VP 29 (FIG. 3) of the plate 27 interacting with the microprofiles 32, 33, 34, and, consequently, the time of all injections.

This is how partial modes are implemented. In partial modes, the cut-off duration is increased and, therefore, the efficiency is reduced. nozzles. The injection time will be shorter, the shorter the length of the curved end of the VP 29 of the plate 27. The movement of the plate 27 along the axis of the shaft with profiled cams with microprofiles 32, 33, 34 is carried out both manually and using any automatic drive. The higher the speed, the shorter the interaction time and therefore the injection.

A characteristic feature of the device is that the injection time, adjustable or unregulated, changes automatically depending on the speed. Therefore, the proposed device is applicable to all types of diesel engines with different power and with different speed.

Micro profiles for injection control can be performed on one cam and arranged on it sequentially in accordance with the purpose of each. In this case, the plate has one bevel for all profiles (Fig.2 and Fig.3). The duration of all injections is regulated equally. A device that implements the method can be performed without the multiplier of displacements MP 23 for some types of diesel engines.

Micro profiles for injection control can also be performed on several adjacent cams in accordance with the purpose of each profile on its cam. In this case, the plate with a convex end can be made with several bevels for individual regulation of each individual injection (this option is not shown in the drawings). All operations of the method that are claimed in the invention are performed. The claimed objective of the invention is achieved.

Claims (2)

1. The method of controlling the fuel supply, including switching two control valves from one position to another, supplying fuel under high pressure under the needle from a high pressure source, removing fuel from the chamber above the needle through the open second mechanical valve and moving the needle to the upper position during injection, moving the needle to its lowest position, characterized in that the fuel is supplied with a high pressure plunger from an individual fuel pump to an individual high pressure hydraulic accumulator, and from it into the nozzle into the chambers under and above the needle and the sleeve when at least one pre-injection of at least one main injection, at least one main injection, after the main fuel is cut off after the preliminary injection, during the course of their flow injection, injection after the main one, fuel is supplied from an individual high-pressure hydraulic accumulator to the low-pressure accumulator through the high-pressure control valve and to the nozzle chambers above the needle and sleeve during shut-off, return the plunger to the upper position using a compressed spring on the rod, supply fuel to the subplunger cavity of the individual fuel pump from the low-pressure accumulator and the fuel tank through pipelines with check valves separate for each individual fuel pump, supply fuel through two levels of openings, for this carry out at least one preliminary injection to at least one main and at least one injection after at least one main through the perforations level, while at each preliminary injection and at each injection after the main one, the rod of the first and third mechanical valves is mechanically moved to the upper extreme position by means of cams with microprofiles with a given identical height, rotating with a frequency proportional to the rotational speed of the crankshaft, interacting with a plate kinematically connected to the first and third mechanical valves, simultaneously open the first and third mechanical valves, supply fuel through the channel, blocking the third valve, at each injection from the individual high pressure hydraulic accumulator under the needle and into the chamber above the needle, fuel is removed from the chamber above the needle and from the individual high pressure hydraulic accumulator through a channel blocked by the first mechanical valve into the low pressure accumulator during the opening of the first mechanical valves, move the needle to its highest position due to the pressure difference above and below the needle, hold the needle in the upper position when applying fuel to the cylinder for even the fuel pressure under the needle, hold the rods of the first and third mechanical valves in the upper position mechanically during the interaction of microprofiles with a given and equal height with a convex surface of constant radius at the end of the plate for the duration of each preliminary injection and each injection after the main one through the openings of the first level, after the end of each preliminary injection, and each injection after the main through the holes of the first level, the rod of the first and third mechanical valves to the lowest position using the spring and hold it in the lowest position during each cut-off, stop supplying fuel to the hydraulic low-pressure accumulator through a channel blocked by the first mechanical valve, stop supplying fuel from an individual hydraulic high-pressure accumulator through a channel blocked the third mechanical valve under the needle, fuel is supplied from an individual hydraulic high-pressure accumulator to the chamber above the needle, the needle is moved to the lowermost position due to the difference between the areas above and below the needle and hold it hydraulically for the duration of each cut-off, carry out at least one main injection through the holes of the first level and second levels and at each main injection move the rods of the first and third mechanically mechanical valves using a cam with a microprofile with a given height, a greater height of microprofiles for the implementation of preliminary and injection after the main, kinematically interacting with the plate and connected to the first and third mechanical valves, open the first and third mechanical valves, supply at each main injection fuel under high pressure from an individual hydraulic high-pressure accumulator under the needle through a channel blocked by the third mechanical valve, and into the chamber above the needle, through the channel, blocked by the first mechanical valve, the fuel is removed from the chamber above the needle and from the individual hydraulic high-pressure accumulator to the low-pressure accumulator and begin Search through the first level of the holes, after some movement of the first and third mechanical valves, the second mechanical valve, kinematically connected with the first to the upper extreme position, is moved simultaneously with the first one, the channel blocked by the second mechanical valve is opened between the control chamber above the sleeve and the low-pressure accumulator and removed the fuel from the chamber above the sleeve into the low-pressure accumulator, is moved simultaneously with the third fourth mechanical valve, kinematically connected with t Then, in the upper extreme position, open the channel blocked by the fourth mechanical valve, connecting the individual hydraulic high-pressure accumulator to the chamber under the sleeve, supply high-pressure fuel under the sleeve, while opening the second and fourth mechanical valves, move the sleeve to its highest position due to the pressure difference above and below the sleeve, start the injection through the holes of the second level, hold the sleeve in the upper position when fuel is supplied to the cylinder due to the fuel pressure sleeve, hold the rods of the first, second, third and fourth mechanical valves in the upper position mechanically during the interaction of the microprofile with a higher height than during preliminary injection with a convex surface of constant radius at the end of the plate for the duration of the main injection through the holes of the first and second levels, after the end of the main injection through the holes of the first and second level levels, move the rods of the first, second, third and fourth mechanical valves to the extreme lower position with the help of springs and hold them in the lowest position during each cut-off, stop supplying fuel to the low-pressure hydraulic accumulator through the first and second mechanical valves, stop supplying fuel through the third and fourth mechanical valves from an individual high-pressure hydraulic accumulator under the needle and bushing supply fuel from an individual hydraulic high-pressure accumulator to the control chambers above the needle and the sleeve, move the needle and the sleeve to the lowest position due to the difference in the areas above and below the needle and the sleeve and hold them hydraulically for the duration of each cut-off after the main injection, fuel is supplied during all cut-offs from the individual hydraulic high-pressure accumulator through the high-pressure control valve to the low-pressure accumulator and through it into the high-pressure fuel pump, the plate is moved, interacting with the microprofiles that control the injections, along the axis of the cam shaft with microprofiles with the running edge of each microprofile parallel to the axis of the camshaft, and the running edge of each microprofile parallel to the bevel of a convex surface at the end of the plate, manually or automatically, change the length of the convex surface of the plate along the bevel with continuous control and change the duration of each injection. 2. A device for controlling the fuel supply, comprising a nozzle with a needle without a spring, with two valves with mechanical switching from one position to another, a fuel tank, a fuel priming pump, a high pressure fuel pump, a high pressure hydraulic accumulator connected hydraulically, characterized in that the nozzle is made hydraulic with a needle and a sleeve, a pine needle, and with two levels of holes, the device is equipped with four control mechanical valves with rods, a hydraulic accumulator low pressure, an individual high-pressure fuel pump for each nozzle, connected at the outlet to the inlet of the individual hydraulic high-pressure accumulator with a high pressure control valve for each nozzle, hydraulically connected at the outlet to the nozzle and through a high-pressure control valve with a low-pressure hydraulic accumulator, which connected at the inlet to the sub-plunger cavity of each individual high-pressure fuel pump, moved by a multiplier I, by a quick reversing mechanical actuator, the control chamber above the needle of each nozzle is connected to the hydraulic accumulator of low pressure through a channel blocked by the first mechanical valve, the control chamber above the sleeve of each nozzle is connected to a hydraulic accumulator of low pressure through a channel blocked by the second mechanical valve, the second mechanical valve spring-loaded with the possibility of joint movement to the upper extreme position with the first mechanical valve to the top part of the movement due to the kinematic connection between the first and second mechanical valves, the control chamber under the needle of each nozzle is connected to the individual hydraulic high-pressure accumulator through a channel blocked by the third mechanical valve, the control chamber under the sleeve of each nozzle is connected to the individual hydraulic high-pressure accumulator through the channel , overlapped by the fourth mechanical valve, the fourth mechanical valve is spring-loaded with the possibility of combining movement to the upper extreme position with a third mechanical valve in the upper movement area due to kinematic connection between the third and fourth mechanical valves, the first and third mechanical valves are connected by a lever with a rod with a quick-acting reversible mechanical actuator, which is equipped with at least one plate for one cylinder with a convex at one end surface of constant radius and a certain length of the convex part with at least one bevel, the convex part of the plate, a shaft, a joint kinematically with a crankshaft with at least one profiled cam on it with at least two microprofiles of the same height for realizing preliminary injection and injection after the main one through holes of the first level, and at least one microprofile of a greater height than the height of the microprofiles for the implementation of preliminary injection and injection after the main, located between these microprofiles on at least one cam, for the implementation of the main injection through holes of the first and second levels, m croprofiles are made with a running edge parallel to the axis of the nozzle needle, and with a running edge parallel to the bevel of the convex surface of the end of the plate, while adjusting the injection duration, each plate is movable along the axis of the rod connected directly or through a movement multiplier to the rod with which it is connected the first and third mechanical valves, and through them the second and fourth mechanical valves, kinematically connected with the first and third at the top of the movement, each plate is made ene movably in a plane perpendicular or angled to the axis of the needle and the sleeve when the injection duration regulation, and is connected for this purpose with a spline rod relative to which the plate is moved.

Images