RU2478409C1 - Method of modular fire extinguishing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-prevention facilities.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fire-prevention equipment. The method is implemented by the vessel in which fire extinguishing agent is stored, and the vessel that holds the fire extinguishing agent is mounted with the brackets to the building structure of the premises and equipped with a device of gas phase release, combined with a measuring probe for the fire extinguishing agent and locking and starting system, such as of an electromagnetic type, which is connected by the pipeline to the tube for injection of the fire extinguishing agent in the foam generator which contains a sprayer, an inducing nozzle and a dissector of two-phase flow, and the sprayer is connected to the housing of the inducing nozzle, made in the form of a diffuser mounted axially-symmetrically with respect to the sprayer, on the housing of the inducing nozzle, in the part located closer to the sprayer there are at least three windows for ejecting air, and at the output the dissector of two-phase flow is fixed, which is made in the form of a circle of mesh or perforated material, and the sprayer housing is composed of two coaxial, interconnected cylindrical sleeves: a sleeve of a larger diameter and a sleeve of a smaller diameter, and inside the sleeve of a smaller diameter coaxially to it a screw is located.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of fire-fighting through the use of high capacity fog foam.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to fire fighting equipment.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is the fire extinguishing method according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2429035, in which the fire is extinguished by means of a vessel in which the extinguishing agent is stored, and connected to a starting gas cylinder with a working gas (prototype).

A disadvantage of the known system is the relatively low fire extinguishing efficiency.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of fire fighting through the use of high-foam.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method of modular fire extinguishing, which is carried out by means of a vessel in which a fire extinguishing substance is stored, and a vessel in which a fire extinguishing substance is stored, are attached with brackets to the building’s building structure and equipped with a gas phase discharge device combined with a fire extinguisher probe substances and a locking-starting device, for example, an electromagnetic type, which is connected by a pipe to a pipe for introducing extinguishing fluid into a foam generator that contains a spray gun, an ejector at the same time, at least three windows for air ejection are made in the part located closer to the atomizer, in the part located closer to the atomizer and at the output a two-phase flow divider is fixed, made in the form of a circle of mesh or perforated material, while the atomizer body consists of two coaxial, interconnected, cyl of indian bushings: bushings of a larger diameter and bushings of a smaller diameter, while inside the bush of a smaller diameter, coaxial to it, there is a screw that is rigidly connected to its inner surface, for example, pressed into it, the outer surface of the screw being a helical groove, and a hole is made inside the screw with a screw thread, and in the sleeve of a larger diameter, coaxial to it, there is a fitting rigidly fixed in it, for example by means of a threaded connection, through a sealing gasket, while inside the fitting it is coaxial a cylindrical hole is made, passing into an axisymmetrically located diffuser, which is connected to a cylindrical chamber formed by the inner surface of the sleeve of a smaller diameter and the end surface of the screw.

The drawing shows a diagram of a device for implementing the modular fire extinguishing method.

A device for implementing the modular fire extinguishing method comprises a vessel 1 in which a fire extinguishing liquid is stored. It is attached by brackets 3 to the building construction 4 of the room and has a device for dumping the gas phase 2, combined with a measuring probe for extinguishing agent. The vessel 1 is equipped with a locking and starting automatic device 5 (ZPU), for example of the electromagnetic type, which is connected by a pipe 6 to a tube 13 for introducing a fire extinguishing liquid into the foam generator 14.

The vortex-type foam generator includes a sprayer, which is connected to the housing 11 of the ejection nozzle, made in the form of a diffuser mounted axisymmetrically relative to the sprayer. At least three windows 12 for ejecting air are made on the housing 11 of the ejection nozzle, in the part located closer to the atomizer, and a two-phase flow divider 13 made in the form of a circle of mesh or perforated material is fixed at the outlet.

The sprayer contains a housing consisting of two coaxial, interconnected, cylindrical bushings: bushings 5 of a larger diameter and bushings 4 of a smaller diameter. Inside the sleeve 4 of a smaller diameter, coaxial to it, is a screw 1, rigidly connected to its inner surface, for example, pressed into it. The outer surface of the screw 1 is a helical groove with a right (or left) thread. Inside the screw 1, a hole 2 is made with a left (or right) screw thread. The body of the foam generator 15 and the diffuser 21 covers a cylindrical shell 24, coaxial to the body, and mounted on it by means of a circular plate 25 located perpendicular to the axis of the body, and having at least three holes 26 for air passage.

In the sleeve 5 of a larger diameter, coaxially to it, there is a fitting 7, rigidly fixed therein, for example by means of a threaded connection, through a sealing gasket 6. Inside the fitting 7, a cylindrical hole 8 is coaxially made, passing into an axisymmetrically located diffuser 9, which is connected to the cylindrical chamber 10 formed by the inner surface of the sleeve 4 of smaller diameter, and the end surface of the screw 1.

Foam vortex type works as follows.

In the event of a fire, the pumping unit (not shown in the drawing) supplies the foaming agent solution from the metering tank or the fire engine to the inlet pipe of the foam generator connected to the hole 8 of the spray gun body.

The foaming solution is fed through a cylindrical hole 8 of the nozzle 7 into the diffuser 9, and from it into the chamber 10, from which it simultaneously flows under pressure in two directions: firstly, into the screw external cavity of the screw 1, forming an external rotating fluid flow, and second, in the hole 2 with a screw thread, forming an internal rotating fluid flow.

At the outlet of the atomizer, there are two rotating fluid flows, moreover, one flow, for example, the internal one, rotates in the direction opposite to the external flow going along the screw 1, or it can perform the associated (same) rotation if the direction of the screw grooves coincides. In the interaction of rotating flows at the outlet of the atomizer, additional dropping of liquid droplets occurs due to their collision in the associated or opposite rotating fluid flows (external and internal). In this case, the total finely dispersed rotating stream at the outlet can have a direction of rotation, which is determined by the hydraulic resistance of the external or internal screw cavities and grooves of the screw 1, respectively, and can be stationary, in the case of the opposite direction of rotation of the flows, and the equality of their reduced mass velocities. The screw 1 can be made of solid materials: tungsten carbide, ruby, sapphire. At an average pressure supplied through a cylindrical hole 8 of the liquid under a pressure of 6 ... 9 MPa, spraying is provided from 400 to 1000 kg / h of liquid.

After the atomizer, the flow enters the inlet of the diffuser 11 of the ejection nozzle, and air is ejected through the windows 12 to form a foam, which is sent to the divider 13 of the two-phase flow. At the beginning of the plume, the sprayed spray of the foaming agent solution has the highest speed and due to air ejection a foam is formed with bubbles of both small size (2–3 mm across) and larger bubbles (4–12 mm across). Thus, the foam generator produces polydisperse (differently sized for bubbles) foam, which has the property of rapid spreading over the surface. Through the duct 8 from the turbocharger 7, the signal to turn on which comes simultaneously with the signal to turn on the locking-starting automatic device 5 from the control unit 9 of the fire extinguishing system. To ensure automatic fire extinguishing, the ZPU 5 and the turbocharger 7 are electrically connected through a control unit 9 to smoke detectors 10, 11, 12. A cylindrical sleeve 15, which performs the function of a centrifugal swirl of a fluid flow, is made with an axial throttling channel 16 connected to the fluid supply pipe 13, and formed in its end wall. The sleeve 15 contains at least three tangentially directed channels 17 formed in the side wall of the sleeve 15.

A device for implementing the modular fire extinguishing method works as follows.

When a fire occurs in the protected room (not shown in the drawing), the detectors 10, 11, 12 provide a signal to the control unit 9, which in turn generates an electrical pulse to open the switchgear 5 and turn on the turbocharger 7.

The liquid displaced from the tank 1 by compressed gas enters through an open locking and starting device 5, a tube 13 and an axial throttling channel 16 into a cylindrical mixing chamber 18 of a centrifugal swirler. In addition, when the turbocharger 7 is turned on, compressed air is supplied into the cylindrical cavity 22 of the foam generator 14, which forms a vortex air flow entering the mixing chamber 18 through the tangential channels 17. In the mixing chamber 18, the vortex air flows with the liquid to form a foam, which It is a dispersed system, where air bubbles are enclosed in thin shells of a non-combustible liquid (aqueous solutions of salts, acids, surfactants). The extinguishing effect of the foam is based on the isolation of the surface of the burning liquid from oxygen in the air and heated combustible vapors released from the surface of this liquid. Foam not only dramatically reduces the evaporation process, but also cools the surface of the burning liquid. Air-mechanical foam is formed by mechanical mixing of air and a surfactant (foaming agent PO-1 or PO-6). The air-mechanical foam contains about 90% (by volume) of air and 10% of an aqueous solution of a foaming agent. To extinguish fires, it is more efficient to use high-pressure air-mechanical foam, which contains about 99% (by volume) of air, 0.96% of water and about 0.04% of a foaming agent. The multiplicity of the usual air-mechanical foam is 8 ÷ 12, and the multiplicity is 100 or more. Durability of air-mechanical foam: from 20 to 40 minutes

Foam should be used when burning cotton fiber and other poorly wettable fibrous materials. Foam is especially effective in extinguishing fires of flammable liquids (LVH), as well as combustible liquids.

The modular fire extinguishing method is as follows.

The vessel 1, in which the extinguishing agent is stored, is attached with brackets to the building construction 4 of the room and is equipped with a gas phase discharge device 2, combined with a measuring probe for the extinguishing agent and a locking and starting device 5. The switchgear 5 is connected by a pipe 6 to the fire extinguisher pipe 13 liquid into the foam generator, which is made in the form of an output nozzle with a conical diffuser chamber and a centrifugal swirl of a compressed air stream, made in the form of a cylindrical sleeve 15, inside of which is coaxial to the external a cylindrical sleeve surface of the mixing chamber 18, where it forms a mechanical air-foam.

The output of the mixing chamber 18 is connected to the input of the coaxially located conical diffuser chamber 21, and the compressed air is supplied to the centrifugal swirler and mixing chamber 18 through the duct 8 from the turbocompressor 7. The signal to turn on the turbocompressor 7 is supplied simultaneously with the signal to turn on the shut-off and automatic device 5 from control unit 9 fire extinguishing system. To ensure automatic fire extinguishing, the ZPU 5 and the turbocompressor 7 are connected electrically through the control unit 6 with smoke detectors 10, 11, 12.

Claims (1)

A modular fire extinguishing method, which is carried out by means of a vessel in which a fire extinguishing substance is stored, characterized in that the vessel in which a fire extinguishing substance is stored is fastened with brackets to the building’s building structure and equipped with a gas phase discharge device combined with a volumetric probe for a fire extinguishing substance and - a starting device, for example an electromagnetic type, which is connected by a pipe to a pipe for introducing a fire extinguishing liquid into a foam generator that contains a spray gun, ejecting at the nozzle and the two-phase flow divider, while the spray gun is connected to the body of the ejection nozzle, made in the form of a diffuser mounted axisymmetrically relative to the spray gun, on the body of the ejection nozzle, at least three windows for air ejection are made in the part closer to the spray gun and at the output a two-phase flow divider is fixed, made in the form of a circle of mesh or perforated material, while the atomizer body consists of two coaxial cylindrical connected bushings: bushings of a larger diameter and bushings of a smaller diameter, while inside the sleeve of a smaller diameter, coaxial to it, there is a screw rigidly connected to its inner surface, for example, pressed into it, the outer surface of the screw being a helical groove, and an aperture was made inside the screw with a screw thread, and in the sleeve of a larger diameter, coaxial to it, there is a fitting rigidly fixed in it, for example, by means of a threaded connection, through a sealing gasket, while inside the fitting it is coaxially made A cylindrical hole is inserted that passes into an axisymmetrically located diffuser, which is connected to a cylindrical chamber formed by the inner surface of the sleeve of a smaller diameter and the end surface of the screw.