RU2459761C2 - Bearing element (version) and elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: bearing element 34 supporting elevator cabin comprises set of elements 38, for example, steel cable ropes operated under tension to take up cabin weight and elevator counterweight. Set of elements is arranged along the elevator shaft. Outer shell 42 covers said set of elements 38 and has first and second surface. Said set of elements 38 is arranged between first and second surface 46, 48 shaped to concave arcs. First surface may engage with pulley. First and second surfaces feature cross-section 52 along the length of bearing element with first and second extreme sections 56, 64, and medium sections 60. Medium section has first spacing (W₁) between first and second surfaces smaller than second spacing (W₂) between first and second surfaces of one of first or second extreme sections. One of elements at medium section is arranged loser to first surface that other element located at first or second extreme section.

EFFECT: reduced wear.

19 cl, 13 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention generally relates to a belt carrying an elevator car.

State of the art

The elevator has a cabin that rises and falls by means of an electric motor. Typically, a counterweight is used to compensate for cabin weight in order to reduce the load on the electric motor. A belt connects the cab to the counterweight and rests on a pulley that is driven by an electric motor. Typically, a belt for an elevator car consists of belt cables that absorb the weight of the elevator. These belt cables have a high inelasticity and are located inside the belt shell, which is made with the possibility of coupling with the pulley.

It is known in the art that the use of a convex portion on a pulley helps to offset the belt path to the center of the pulley, even with minor inaccuracies in belt installation. Although the convex portion can help improve the accuracy of the belt, it can degrade its performance. In particular, due to the shape of the convex part, the pressure in the mating pulley and belt is not evenly distributed. In the upper part of the convex part there is a large pressure peak, leading to a decrease in the service life of the belt sheath and belt cables.

In addition, due to the inelasticity of the belt cables, these cables tend to move at the same speed. The speed on the surface of the pulley is directly proportional to the distance between the central axis of the pulley and its surface. Therefore, the farthest point of the pulley moves at a higher speed around the circumference than the rest of the pulley surface. Since all pulley cables move at the same speed, and the speed on the surface of the pulley is different due to the presence of a convex part, there are sections in which the surface of the belt and the corresponding surface of the pulley have different speeds. As a result, there is a local slip of the surface of the belt relative to the surface of the pulley, leading to wear of the belt.

In this regard, there is a need to develop a belt whose profile is adapted to the shape of the convex part of the pulley.

Disclosure of invention

The belt carrying the elevator car has tensile elements that absorb the weight of the car and the counterweight. The tensile elements are arranged in length. A group of tensile elements is coated with an outer shell. The shell has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface provides traction with a pulley. The second surface may come into contact with spurious pulleys during reverse bending. The tensile members are located between the first surface and the second surface. The first surface and the second surface define a cross section along the length of the tensile elements. The section has a first end portion, a middle portion and a second end portion. The middle portion may have a first distance between the first surface and the second surface, which is less than the distance between the first surface and the second surface of the first end portion and the second end portion.

In one embodiment, a support element is described that supports the elevator car, including a group of tensile elements that receive the weight of the car and the counterweight of the elevator, located along the length, an outer shell at least partially covering the group of elements and characterized by a first surface configured to clutch with a pulley and a second surface, between which the indicated group of elements is located, forming a cross section along the specified length, having the first and second extreme sections and a middle section with a first distance between the first and second surfaces, which is less than the second distance between the indicated surfaces of at least one of the first or second extreme sections, and one element from the group of elements in the specified middle section is located closer to the first surface than the other from the group elements in one of the first or second extreme section. The first distance may be less than the second distance of the first and second extreme sections. The first surface can be made in the form of a first arc. In addition, the first arc may have a first radius equal to at least the second radius of the convex portion of the pulley before installing the sheath on the pulley. The first radius may be greater than the second radius. The second surface can also be made in the form of a second arc. Moreover, the first arc may have a different shape in comparison with the shape of the second arc. The first surface may be characterized by a first shape corresponding to the second shape of the convex part of the pulley before installing the specified outer shell on the pulley. The first form can characterize the location of a group of elements at approximately equal distances in cross section from the axis of rotation of the pulley when the outer shell is located on the convex part of the pulley.

In another embodiment, the supporting element supporting the elevator car may include a group of tensile elements that receive the weight of the car and the counterweight of the elevator, located along the length, an outer shell at least partially covering the group of elements, characterized by a first surface made with the possibility of adhesion with a pulley and a second surface, between which the indicated group of elements is located, forming a cross section along the specified length, the shape of which characterizes the location of the load py of elements in the cross section at approximately equal distances from the axis of rotation of the pulley with the outer shell on the convex part of the pulley, the first surface made in the form of a first arc, the second surface made in the form of a second arc, the first and second arcs are concave, and at least at least one of the elements of the group of elements is completely located between the indicated arcs. The first arc may have a first radius equal to at least the second radius of the convex portion of the pulley. The first radius may be greater than the second radius. The second arc may have a third radius equal to at least the fourth radius of the convex part of the other pulley.

The invention also describes an elevator, which may include an elevator car having a weight, a counterweight at least partially compensating for the weight of the car, at least one pulley for moving the elevator car, at least one of which has a convex part, a group of elements, working in tension, perceiving the weight of the cabin and the counterweight, located along the length and in an arc located completely above the convex part, an outer shell covering a group of elements and characterized by a first surface made with the possibility of adhesion to the pulley, and the second surface, between which the indicated group of elements is located, forming a cross section along the specified length, having the first and second extreme sections and the middle section with the first distance between the first and second surfaces, which is less than the second distance between the indicated surfaces of one of the first or second extreme sections. The first surface can be made in the form of a first arc. In addition, the first arc may have a first radius equal to at least a second radius of the convex portion of the pulley. The first arc may be concave. The second surface can be made in the form of a second arc with the possibility of contact with another pulley. The first and second arcs may be concave.

Various features and advantages of this invention are apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description. The drawings accompanying the detailed description may be briefly described as follows.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic view of an elevator showing an elevator car, a counterweight, pulleys and a bearing member;

Figure 2 is a front view of the pulley shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a sectional view of the support member shown in Figure 1.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the support member shown in FIG. 3 above the pulley shown in FIG. 2.

5 is a graph of the increase in sliding speed relative to the position of a flat belt of the prior art.

6 is the distribution of contact pressure across the width of a flat belt of the prior art.

7 is a distribution of contact pressure across the width of a flat belt in comparison with the distribution of the belt of the invention.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of a prior art belt.

Fig.9 is a view of the belt of the prior art shown in Fig.8, above the convex part of the pulley.

Figure 10 is a front view of another pulley shown in Figure 1.

11 is a variant of the shape of the convex part of the pulley.

12 is an embodiment of a convex portion of a pulley.

Fig - belt of another new design.

The implementation of the invention

Figure 1 shows a schematic view of an elevator 8 with cable traction. The elevator includes an elevator car 10 having a weight of 14, a counterweight 18, an electric motor 30 and a first pulley 22, as well as a traction pulley. The elevator car 10 is suspended from the carrier 34. The tensile members 38 extend along the length L of the carrier 34, such as a belt. The carrier 34 is driven by a first pulley 22, an electric motor 30 and extends around the second pulleys 26. In addition, the carrier 34 couples the weight and the counterweight 18 of the elevator car 10 having a weight of 14 to at least compensate for the weight 14 of the elevator car 10.

Figure 2 shows a front view of the first pulley 22, the traction pulley, which is made to rotate around the axis A under the action of the electric motor 30. With this particular pulley design, the first pulley 22 has many contact surfaces 23, 24 and 25, which are convex and made with the possibility of engagement by friction of three separate load-bearing elements 34. As shown in the figure, each contact surface 23, 24, 25 has a convex part C ₁ , C ₂ , C _3, respectively. Each convex part C ₁ , C ₂ , C ₃ has a radius R ₂ .

Previously, the carrier was usually flat, as shown in section in FIG. This figure shows a longitudinal section of a flat belt 84. The flat belt 84 has a first end section 70, a middle section 78 and a second end section 74 along section 68. Along the length of the flat belt 84 there is a group of tensile elements 38, such as steel cables, located between the first surface 72 and the second surface 76 of the outer shell 80. The distance W _post between the first surface 72 and the second surface 76 is constant.

The first surface 72 receives traction from the first pulley 22. Due to the arched shape of the convex part of the pulley, the influence of the Poisson's ratio and load, the shape of the flat belt 84 changes after being placed on the first pulley 22, as shown in FIG. 9. It shows a flat belt 84 located on a first pulley 22 having a convex portion C ₁ . As shown in the figure, the shape of the flat belt 84 changed from flat to arched.

As shown in FIG. 9, due to the inelasticity of the tensile members 38 during operation during rotation of the first pulley 22, the tensile members 38 move at approximately the same _belt speed V. For example, suppose that the first pulley 22 rotates around axis A with an angular velocity θ. The point T of the surface 73 of the convex part is located at a distance N from the axis A, and the point Q of the surface 73 of the convex part is located at a distance M from the axis A, which is greater than the distance N. Therefore, the speed of the point T of the surface 73 of the convex part is V _t = N × θ, and the speed of the point Q of the surface 73 of the convex part is V _q = M × θ. Since M is greater than N, the speed V _{q of the} point Q of the surface 73 of the convex part is greater than the speed V _{t of the} point T of the surface 73 of the convex part. The flat belt 84 tends to move with the first pulley 22 at point Q, since the pressure therein is greater. However, as shown in FIG. 5, the flat belt 84 slides at the edges since the V _belt = V _q greater than V _t . The sliding speed at point T is approximately equal to V _belt -V _t .

The wear rate is a function of the pressure multiplied by the sliding speed, and reaches its greatest value near the outer edges, where there is a large slip and moderate pressure. Consequently, uneven wear occurs, at which the amount of wear at the edges is greater than in the middle of the flat belt 84. These differences also cause tensile elements 38 to change length due to different stresses, which also leads to uneven surface wear. flat belt 84. In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, for any belt load, the load on the flat belt 84 in the middle of the belt tends to increase compared to the sectional edge of the belt. As a result, uneven wear of the flat belt 84 occurs.

Figure 3 shows a variant of the claimed carrier element. The carrier 34 is shown in section 52 transverse to the length L of the carrier 34 shown in FIG. The carrier 34 has an outer sheath 42 having a first surface 46 and a second surface 48 that covers or at least partially covers elements 38 located between the first surface 46 and the second surface 48. Elements 38 may, for example, be steel cables . Each element 38 extends to the length L of the carrier 34 and is also shown in section in FIG. The carrier 34 has a cross section 52 defined by a first surface 46 and a second surface 48. Cross section 52 has a first end portion 56, a middle portion 60 and a second end portion 64.

Typically, the shape of the carrier 34 corresponds to the convex portion C ₁ , and the tensile members 38 are located between the first surface 46 and the second surface 48 to allow them to extend along a line parallel to the axis A after installation and application of load on the first pulley 22. Accordingly, in FIG. 3, the first surface 46 forms a first arc 47, and the second surface 48 forms a second arc 49. Both arcs are concave. The first surface 46 is designed to engage with the first pulley 22 and usually corresponds to the arcuate shape of the convex part, such as the convex part C _{1 of the} first pulley 22.

As shown in FIG. 4, the carrier 34 has a first arc 47 having a first radius R ₁ . The first pulley 22, the traction pulley, has a convex part with a second radius R ₂ . The first radius R ₁ is at least equal to R ₂ , although R ₁ may be greater than R ₂ . The middle portion 60 has a first distance W ₁ , and the first end portion 56 and the second end portion 64 has a second distance W ₂ . The first distance W _{1 is} less than the second distance W ₂ .

Due to this design, when the carrier 34 is placed above the first pulley 22, the group of tensile elements 38 tend to linearly stretch in section 52 along the axis A of the first pulley 22. All tensile elements 38 are at a distance X from axis A, including and at points T and Q. In addition, when the first pulley 22 rotates the support member 34, the group of tensile members 38 rotates at the same distance X from the axis A, so that all tensile members 38 have the same speed, resulting In these cases, the slip decreases in section 52 of the carrier 34. In addition, the tensile members 38 maintain the same length. By maintaining the same strain length and the corresponding stresses of the tensile elements 38 have equal values. Also, sliding is reduced and a more uniform distribution of pressure is provided over the support member 34, which leads to reduced wear. Accordingly, the outer casing 42 has a shape in which it fills the space between the tensioning elements 38 and the first pulley 22 so that they rotate at the same distance X from the axis A when the supporting element 34 is on the first pulley 22, and weight 14 is mounted on it and counterweight 18.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 7, the contact pressure is distributed more evenly across the carrier 34. For example, when the first radius R ₁ is equal to the second radius R ₂ , i.e. the radius of the first surface 46 is equal to the radius R _{2 of the} first pulley 22, a relatively flat distribution of pressure is achieved over the convex part of the first pulley 22, such as the convex part C ₁ . In addition, when the first radius R _{1 is} greater than R ₂ , the pressure distribution is also relatively flat in comparison with the distribution of forces along the flat belt.

Figure 10 shows a front view of the second pulley 26. Like the first pulley 22, the second pulley 26 has contact surfaces 23, 24 and 25. One surface, such as contact surface 23, is in contact with the carrier 34 along the second surface 48. Each contact surface 23, 24 and 25 has surfaces of convex parts C ₁ , C ₂ and C ₃ . The convex part C ₁ has a radius R ₄ , for example, relative to the axis A.

As shown in FIG. 3, the second surface 48 is designed to contact the second pulley 26 to bend the carrier 34 in the opposite direction and basically corresponds to the arcuate shape of the convex part, such as the convex part C _{1 of the} second pulley 26. The second surface 48 forms a concave arc , a second arc 49 having a third radius R ₃ that is at least equal to or greater than the radius R _{4 of the} convex portion C _{1 of the} pulley 26. Thus, it is possible to reduce wear when in contact with the second pulley 26 is similar to reduce wear when in contact with first pulley 22.

In addition, although the convex parts C ₁ , C ₂ and C _{3 of the} second pulley 26 are shown identical to the convex parts of the first pulley 22, they may differ from them. The second pulley 26 may have a convex portion C ₄ in the form of a parabolic arc, as shown in FIG. 12, or a convex part C ₅ having rectilinear slopes 107 with an arcuate peak 109, as shown in FIG. 11, and the first pulley 22 may have convex parts C ₁ , C ₂ and C ₃ .

Also, for example, as shown in FIG. 13, the carrier 100 has a first surface 46 having a shape 104 corresponding to the convex portion C ₁ , a first pulley 22, and a second surface 48 having a shape 105 corresponding to the parabolic arc of the convex portion C ₄ . Both forms 104 and 105 therefore ensure that the rotation of the tensile members 38 occurs at the same distance from the axis of rotation H of each respective pulley. Form 104 provides this equidistant rotation of the tensile members 38 relative to the first pulley 22, and form 105 provides an equidistant rotation of the tensile members 38 relative to the second pulley 26.

The above description is illustrative and not restrictive. For specialists in this field of technology it will not be difficult to make changes and modifications of the described examples that do not change the essence of the invention. The scope of protection claimed of this invention is determined only by the following claims.

Claims (19)

1. A support member supporting the elevator car, including a group of tensile elements that receive the weight of the car and the counterweight of the elevator, located along the length, an outer shell at least partially covering the group of elements and characterized by a first surface that is capable of coupling with the pulley, and a second surface, between which the indicated group of elements is located, forming a cross section relative to the specified length, having the first and second extreme sections and the middle section with the first distance between the first and second surfaces, which is less than the second distance between the indicated surfaces of at least one of the first or second extreme sections, and one element from the group of elements in the specified middle section is located closer to the first surface than the other from the group of elements located on one of the first or second extreme sections. 2. The element according to claim 1, in which the first distance is less than the second distance of the first and second extreme sections. 3. The element according to claim 1, in which the first surface is made in the form of a first arc. 4. The element according to claim 3, in which the first arc has a first radius equal to at least the second radius of the convex part of the pulley before installing the shell on the pulley. 5. The element according to claim 4, in which said first radius is greater than the second radius. 6. The element according to claim 3, in which the second surface is made in the form of a second arc. 7. The element according to claim 6, in which the first arc has a different shape in comparison with the shape of the second arc. 8. The element according to claim 1, in which the first surface is characterized by a first shape corresponding to the second shape of the convex part of the pulley before installing the specified outer shell on the pulley. 9. The element of claim 8, in which the first form characterizes the location of the group of elements at substantially equal distances in cross section from the axis of rotation of the pulley when the outer shell is located on the convex part of the pulley. 10. A support member supporting the elevator car, including a group of tensile elements that receive the weight of the car and the counterweight of the elevator, located along the length, an outer shell at least partially covering the group of elements, characterized by a first surface that is capable of coupling with the pulley, and the second surface, between which the indicated group of elements is located, forming a cross section relative to the specified length, having the first and second extreme sections and the middle section, x characterizing the location of the group of elements at substantially equal distances from the axis of rotation of the pulley when the outer shell is located on the convex part of the pulley, the first and second surfaces being concave in the first and second arcs, respectively, and at least one element from the group of elements is completely located between the specified arcs, while one element from the group of elements in the specified middle section is located closer to the first surface than the other from the group of elements located in one of the first or second th extreme sections. 11. The element of claim 10, in which the first arc has a first radius equal to at least the second radius of the convex part of the pulley. 12. The element according to claim 11, in which the first radius is greater than the second radius. 13. The element of claim 10, in which the second arc has a third radius equal to at least the fourth radius of the convex part of another pulley. 14. An elevator comprising an elevator car having a weight, a counterweight, at least partially compensating for the weight of the car, at least one pulley having a convex part for moving the elevator car, a group of tensile elements that receive the weight of the car and the counterweight located along the length and in an arc located completely above the convex part, the outer shell covering the group of elements and characterized by a first surface made with the possibility of adhesion to the pulley, and a second surface between which and this group of elements is located, and forming a cross section relative to the specified length, having a first and second extreme sections and a middle section with a first distance between the first and second surfaces, which is less than the second distance between the indicated surfaces of one of the first or second extreme sections, one element from the group of elements in the indicated middle section is located closer to the first surface than the other from the group of elements located in one of the first or second extreme sections. 15. The elevator according to 14, in which the first surface is made in the form of a first arc. 16. The elevator of claim 15, wherein the first arc has a first radius equal to at least a second radius of the convex portion of the pulley. 17. The elevator of claim 15, wherein the first arc is concave. 18. The elevator according to clause 15, in which the second surface is made in the form of a second arc with the possibility of contact with another pulley. 19. The elevator of claim 18, wherein the first and second arcs are concave.

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