RU2359174C2 - Steam house stove - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: personal use articles.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to steam house stoves and is used for room heating, water heating ad steam production. Steam house stove has furnace with a door, firebox grate, ashbox, reservoir for water heating, two gas chambers attached to water heating tank end and furnace cove accordingly perforated and closed with coves. Chambers are located between each other by the vertical gas channels separated in different parts. Water heating boiler is connected to both body sides of the furnace, and has tubular heat interchanger. There is a tubular steam generator in the furnace. There is a jet nozzle covered by bimetallic thermostat in the furnace below the vertical gas channel. Furnace has device with a vertical channel secondary air heating. Bimetallic thermostat is attached in gas tank chamber below the vertical tank passage, above the additional gas channel. Steam draught stabiliser is located in water heating tank.

EFFECT: thermal effectiveness is improved, fuel consumption is reduced, ecological index is increased.

7 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to stoves for baths and is intended for heating a room, heating water and producing steam.

Multifunctional stoves for baths are known (see, for example, V.M. Kolevatov. Kamenka stoves for a family bathhouse. - L., 1991), containing as a main functional units a furnace with an ash pan, a simple steam generator, which is a compartment with heat-accumulating elements (heater), a water tank and a system of flues providing heating of the heater and water tank with hot flue gases and their subsequent removal into the atmosphere.

The disadvantages of these furnaces are their low thermal efficiency, due to the non-optimal distribution of flue gas flows in the furnace volume.

In addition, the presence in the atmosphere of the bath of moist water vapor worsens the microclimate in the room of the bath, drying the room requires additional ventilation devices.

Known (and.with. SU No. 1813994, IPC F24B 9/04, 1993) a bath furnace, comprising a housing with a furnace, a compartment with a heat storage load (heater), placed on the arch of the furnace, a water tank mounted on top of the heater, and a vertical duct through the heater and the tank.

A disadvantage of the known furnace is its low thermal efficiency, due to the fact that due to the high speed of the gas flow in the direct chimney, flue gases exit the chimney without the release of thermal energy, overheating of which leads to fires.

Known (RU No. 2095694, IPC F24B 9/00, 1997), a furnace for a bath made in one housing, which is divided by a partition system into a furnace with an ash pan, a heater, a water tank and a flue consisting of two vertical channels in communication with the cavity (chamber) formed by the upper wall of the heater, the bottom of the tank and the side walls of the housing, which, in turn, is connected to the atmosphere through a third channel passed through the water tank. One of the vertical channels (frontal) connecting the chamber to the furnace is installed coaxially with the pipe, which is lowered below the bottom of the water tank, and the other (rear) is displaced to the opposite wall of the furnace. The front channel of the flue is equipped with a shutter that allows it to overlap, and the camera is divided into two parts by a sliding valve.

The grate of the known furnace is provided with a vertical U-shaped protrusion, in the cavity of which a vertical ash-pan partition is inserted, forming together with the protrusion a labyrinth channel communicating the ash-pan cavity through the second damper with the outer space of the furnace. No devices for cleaning combustion products.

In the normal operating mode of the furnace, the front channel flap is closed, the flow of flue gases through the rear channel of the gas duct enters the chamber and then into the channel passed through the tank. The chimney cut is located below the upper level of the labyrinth passage under the bottom of the water tank, so evacuation of exhaust gases is difficult. The main disadvantages of the known furnace are its insufficiently high thermal efficiency and low fuel efficiency. The known furnace has a number of other disadvantages, in particular metal consuming, low-tech. The presence in it of a large number of adjustable valves, gate valves, and other movable structural elements makes it difficult to operate and maintain. In addition, the difficulty of adjusting gas flows in a known furnace is fraught with the release of carbon monoxide into the atmosphere of the room, which leads to the potential danger of poisoning the user.

Bimetallic thermostats are used in the design, which eliminates the untimely overlap and regulation of gas flows with the use of dampers when using the furnace. Full automation of the distribution of flue gases inside the flue gas chambers (26) and (31) reduces the gas flow rate and increases the thermal contact time. The use of a water heating boiler (6) with a tubular heat exchanger (46) allows heating adjacent rooms. A steam draft stabilizer (42) eliminates the ingress of water vapor into the atmosphere of the bath and is another means of controlling the draft force in the chimney (41). The afterburning device, which consists of the body of the afterburning device (12) and two catalytic gratings (13), a vertical secondary air heating channel (14), contributes to the complete afterburning of carbon contained in the flue gases, which increases the efficiency of fuel consumption and eliminates the need to clean the flue ducts from soot hydrocarbons, makes it possible to use all types of solid fuel. The use of two steam generators: a heater (27), an evaporator (17) with steam pipes (19) allows you to achieve the desired humidity in the atmosphere of the bath, creates comfortable conditions for the user.

The present invention is to provide a bath furnace with high thermal efficiency, economical fuel consumption due to automation of distribution and afterburning of flue gases, the possibility of heating adjacent rooms, simplification of use, an integrated ventilation system, an additional steam generator, the use of steam draft stabilizer eliminates the possibility of saturated steam entering the atmosphere of the bath, the creation of conditions for the combustion of any type of solid fuel.

The objective of the invention is a furnace for a bath containing a firebox with a door, a grate, an ash pan placed on top of a firebox, a tank for heating water - is solved by the fact that it has a gas duct in the tank adjacent to the bottom of the tank for heating water, and a gas duct in the furnace adjacent to the arch of the furnace, which have openings closed by dampers. The chambers are interconnected by the main and auxiliary vertical gas ducts, spaced to different sides. A water heating boiler with a tubular heat exchanger located in the furnace is adjacent to two sides of the furnace body. In the furnace there is an evaporator equipped with steam pipes. In the combustion chamber arch, under the main vertical gas duct, there is a tubular nozzle blocked by a bimetallic thermostat fixed by an adjusting screw. In the furnace chamber there is a box-shaped housing of the afterburner with two catalytic gratings with the formation of a gap into which secondary air is supplied from a vertical channel for heating secondary air through a series of holes. In the gas duct of the tank under the vertical gas duct of the tank, above the outlet of the auxiliary vertical gas duct, a bimetallic thermostat is fixed with an adjusting screw. In the tank, the steam draft stabilizer case is vertically located with a plate-shaped partition of the steam draft stabilizer, holes are made along the connection line in the chimney. The diameter of the vertical duct of the tank is less than the diameter of the chimney.

In addition, the catalytic gratings are a frame entwined with heat-resistant wire of different diameters, which ensures quick heating and a long service life.

In addition, the tubular steam generator is located in the furnace, has an oblique mounted evaporator with a screw plug and bent L-shaped steam pipes, with free ends passing through the furnace body and facing the cavity formed by the protective casing. Water enters the evaporator through the tube from the sump tank, the degree of vaporization is regulated by a shut-off valve.

In addition, the bimetallic thermostat is two metal plates bonded to each other in a known manner, capable of changing the bending angle depending on the thermal effect.

In addition, in the gas ducts of the tank and the furnace, openings are made, closed by shutters, which act as built-in ventilation.

In addition, a steam draft stabilizer was used in the water heating tank, consisting of a housing in the form of a glass with a bottom pressed down from above and a plate-shaped inner partition of the steam draft stabilizer, forming a labyrinth passage of steam. Along the line connecting the baffle to the vertical duct of the tank in the chimney, holes are made for the removal of steam into the chimney.

In addition, the diameter of the vertical gas duct of the tank is less than the diameter of the chimney, the difference in cross sections in the area of the holes creates a vacuum, which eliminates the contact of flue gases with water inside the case of the steam draft stabilizer.

The drawing shows a side section of a furnace for a bath.

The furnace for a bath contains a firebox 1 with a door 2, an grate 3, an ash pan 4 with a door 5, a water heating boiler 6, a flow pipe of a water heating boiler 7, an underwater pipe of a water heating boiler 8, a nozzle 9, a bimetallic thermostat of the nozzle 10, an adjusting screw 11 , box-shaped housing of the afterburner 12, two catalytic grids 13, a vertical secondary air heating channel 14, a number of holes 15 for air to enter the channel, a number of secondary air supply openings 16, an evaporator 17, a screw plug 18, steam pipes 19, protections th casing 20, sump tank 21, filter 22, lid of sump tank 23, shut-off valve 24, tube 25, flue gas chamber 26, heater 27, side 28, water heating tank 29, stand 30, flue tank 31, main vertical gas duct 32, auxiliary vertical gas duct 33, connecting pipes 34, bimetallic thermostat of the gas chamber of the tank 35, adjusting screw 36, hollow gas chamber with openings closed by shutters 37 and 38, the flow pipe of the water heating tank 39, vertical gas duct of the tank 40, chimney 41, case of steam draft stabilizer 42, plate-shaped partition of steam draft stabilizer 43, openings 44, tank cover 45, tubular heat exchanger of the boiler for water heating 46, neck of the furnace 47.

The furnace for the bath has an elongated neck of the furnace (47), which makes it possible to fill fuel from another room: a sink, a recreation room, and a street.

Water is poured through the lid of the tank (45). The water heating tank (29) is installed above the heater (27) and rests on the ledge of the water heating boiler (6) and the stand (30). Fuel is placed in the firebox (1) onto the grate (3). When the furnace is kindled, flue gases rush to the combustion chamber roof. Part of the gas passes into the nozzle (9) and enters the main vertical gas duct (32), excites draft in it. When heating the furnace chamber, the bimetallic thermostat of the nozzle (10) overlaps the inlet of the nozzle (9), which is a segment of a thin-walled tube. Vertical gas ducts are accelerating sections for flue gases, contribute to the displacement of cold air from the gas chamber of the tank (31) and the chimney (41). The main stream of flue gases passes through the flue channel of the furnace (26), heats the box-like body of the afterburning device (12) and catalytic grids (13). Part of the flue gases passes into the auxiliary vertical gas duct (33), displaces cold air from the vertical gas duct of the tank (40) and creates a stable draft in the chimney (41). When heating the gas chamber of the tank (31), the thermostat (35) straightens and closes the outlet of the auxiliary vertical gas channel (33). The flue gases pass along a long path: through the flue chamber of the furnace (26), through the main vertical flue channel (32), through the flue chamber of the tank (31), through the vertical flue channel of the tank (40) and enter the chimney (41). Such a path of passage of flue gases with a decrease in their speed inside the gas ducts provides optimal conditions for heat transfer.

The use of bimetallic thermostats in the furnace allows automatic self-regulation of the distribution of flue gas flows, which provides significant fuel savings and will avoid overheating of the chimney (41), therefore, fires.

A bimetallic thermostat is two metal plates bonded to each other in a known manner, having a different coefficient of linear thermal expansion, capable of changing the bending angle depending on the thermal effect.

Bimetallic thermostats have adjusting screws (11) and (36). The longitudinal displacement of the thermostats and their fixation allows you to leave a gap for the passage of part of the flue gases, creating different parameters and technical conditions for burning any type of solid fuel.

In the furnace for a bath two steam generators are applied. Traditionally, in the form of a platform with heat-accumulating loading - a heater (27), located above the flue chamber of the furnace (26), enclosed by a side (28). The second steam generator is located inside the furnace (1) and consists of an evaporator (17) and bent L-shaped steam pipes (19). The free ends of the steam pipes pass through the furnace body and face the cavity formed by the protective casing (20). Water or an aromatic solution is poured into the settling tank (21) through a filter (22), through a tube (25) it flows into an oblique mounted evaporator (17), in which saturated steam is formed. Steam passes through the steam pipes (19), changes the discreteness, increases in volume due to additional heating, and then enters the bathhouse.

The degree of vaporization is regulated by a shut-off valve (24). To remove scale from the cavity of the evaporator (17), a screw plug (18) is provided.

The afterburning of heavy hydrocarbons, soot carbon contained in the flue gases, provides significant fuel savings with the additional release of thermal energy. In this design, an afterburning device is used, consisting of a box-shaped housing of the afterburning device (12) with two catalytic gratings inserted into it (13). The catalytic gratings are a frame entwined with heat-resistant wire of different diameters, which ensures quick heating and a long service life. Secondary air enters the vertical channel for heating secondary air (14) through a series of holes (15), into the gap formed by the catalytic gratings (13), secondary air enters through a series of holes (16). Air jets form vortex flue gas flows with random motion of carbon particles, and catalytic gratings increase their friction with increasing temperature. This contributes to the burnout of carbon, increases the environmental friendliness and efficiency of the furnace.

During the heating of water in the tank (29), saturated steam is formed over the entire area of contact with the vertical gas channel of the tank (40) with water, which, when it enters the atmosphere of the bath, makes it impossible to continue staying in it, increases humidity, leads to necessary ventilation and eliminates boiling water.

To avoid vaporization in the water heating tank, a steam draft stabilizer was used, consisting of a housing (42) in the form of a glass with a bottom pressed down from above and an inclined plate-shaped inner partition of the steam draft stabilizer (43), forming a labyrinth passage of steam. Along the line connecting the baffle to the vertical gas duct of the tank (40) in the chimney (41), holes (44) are made for the removal of steam into the chimney. The diameter of the vertical gas duct of the tank (40) is smaller than the diameter of the chimney (41), the differential section in the area of the holes creates a vacuum, which eliminates the contact of flue gases with water inside the case of the steam draft stabilizer (42). The formation of steam inside the body of the steam draft stabilizer creates excessive pressure, which leads to a decrease in the water level in it, and reduces the contact area of the vertical gas duct of the tank (40) with water. Steam entering through openings (44) cools the chimney (41) and reduces draft. Such stabilization of traction leads to fuel economy and is another means of controlling the combustion process.

Modern projects for the construction of baths include the installation of sinks, lounges, underfloor heating, swimming pools, which requires additional heating appliances, means of heating the premises in the cold season. These modern requirements have led to the use of a water heating boiler (6) in the furnace for the bath, adjacent to the front and side of the furnace body. This form of the boiler allows you to install the stove close to the wooden walls of the bath, which reduces labor costs for thermal insulation, increases the useful area of the bath, and compensates for the cost of additional heating facilities. To increase the capacity of the water heating boiler, a tubular heat exchanger of the water heating boiler (46) is used, located inside the firebox (1) (dotted in the drawing), shaded openings show the places of connection of the tubes to the water heating boiler (6).

In the gas chambers of the tank (31) and the furnace (26), openings are made, closed by shutters (37) and (38), which act as built-in ventilation. After using the bath, opening the damper provides effective ventilation. Heated water in the tank gives off thermal energy to the vertical gas duct of the tank (40), warm air rises into the chimney (41) and creates a draft. Significant rarefaction of air inside the bathhouse, a heated stove, and cessation of air access from outside - gives the effect of thermal vacuum drying. The duration of the process is up to leveling the temperature of the water in the tank with the ambient temperature. The use of built-in ventilation extends the life of the bath, reduces the cost of other ventilation devices. Carbon monoxide does not enter the bathhouse, due to the use of connecting pipes (34) and the effect of the ejection in the gas chamber of the tank (31).

The combination of applied technical solutions reduces fuel consumption, improves environmental performance, fire safety, reduces the time of heating the bath room. The furnace for a bath is capable of working on any type of solid fuel.

Claims (7)

1. A furnace for a bath containing a firebox with a door, a grate, an ash pan placed on top of a firebox, a tank for heating water, characterized in that it has a flue chamber in the tank adjacent to the bottom of the tank for heating water, and a flue chamber of the furnace, adjacent to the arch of the furnace, which have openings closed by dampers, the chambers are interconnected by the main and auxiliary vertical gas ducts spaced to different sides, a water heating boiler adjoining two sides of the furnace body with a pipe installed in the furnace a heat exchanger, in the furnace there is an evaporator equipped with steam pipes, in the roof of the furnace under the main vertical gas duct there is a tubular nozzle blocked by a bimetallic thermostat fixed by an adjusting screw, in the roof of the furnace there is a box body of the afterburner with two catalytic gratings with a gap in which secondary air is supplied from a vertical channel for heating secondary air through a series of holes in the gas duct of the tank under the vertical gas duct tank channel, a bimetallic thermostat is fixed with an adjusting screw above the outlet of the auxiliary vertical gas duct, the steam stabilizer housing with a plate-shaped partition of the steam stabilizer is vertically located in the tank, holes are made along the connection line in the chimney, the diameter of the vertical gas duct of the tank is smaller than the diameter of the chimney. 2. The furnace for a bath according to claim 1, characterized in that the catalytic gratings are a frame entwined with heat-resistant wire of different diameters, which ensures quick heating and a long service life. 3. The bath furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular steam generator is located in the furnace, has an oblique mounted evaporator with a screw plug and bent L-shaped steam pipes with free ends passing through the furnace body and facing the cavity formed by the protective casing , water enters the evaporator through the tube from the sump tank, the degree of vaporization is regulated by a shut-off valve. 4. The furnace for a bath according to claim 1, characterized in that the bimetallic thermostat is two metal plates bonded together in a known manner, capable of changing the bending angle depending on the thermal effect. 5. The furnace for the bath according to claim 1, characterized in that in the gas ducts of the tank and the furnace there are openings closed by shutters that act as built-in ventilation. 6. The bath furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that a steam draft stabilizer is used in the water heating tank, consisting of a body in the form of a glass with a bottom pressed down from above and an inclined plate-shaped inner partition of the steam draft stabilizer forming a labyrinth passage of steam along the connection line partitions to the vertical duct of the tank in the chimney made holes for the removal of steam into the chimney. 7. The furnace for a bath according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the vertical gas duct of the tank is smaller than the diameter of the chimney;