RU2227104C2 - Method of maneuvering and braking trimaran - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding; maneuvering and braking trimaran. SUBSTANCE: secured to center and side hulls of trimaran are at least two inter-hull hydrofoils at controllable angle of attack. All hulls are provided with steering gears and marine engines. Units for forming air layer between hulls and water are located in fore parts and along sides of three hulls. Tips of hydrofoils are secured units for rotation of hydrofoils. In maneuvering, delivery of air layer is controlled and angle of attack of starboard and port hydrofoils is changed, thrust of engines is controlled and rudder are shifted. For braking the trimaran, engines of all hulls are reversed, rudder of starboard hull is shifted to the right (left) and rudder of port side hull is shifted to left (right), air layer forming units are disconnected and angle of attack of hydrofoils is reduced t 0 deg. and then it is made negative to minus 90 deg. EFFECT: enhanced maneuverability of catamaran; extended field of application; improved hydro-dynamic properties and sea-worthiness. 5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to shipbuilding and for the construction of hydrofoil vessels. It can be transport, passenger, sports, fishing, technical and special purpose ships.

Known hydrofoil vessels (patents RU 2053156 and RU 2068790) containing a hull with an underwater wing system.

The purpose of the present invention is to increase the maneuverability of the trimaran, expanding the capabilities and methods of braking, i.e. improving the hydrodynamic qualities and seaworthiness of the vessel.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the vessel, consisting of the middle hull and the right and left side hulls, in which the devices are placed, which ensure the formation of an air gap between the bow of the vessel and the aquatic environment, ship engines and steering devices are placed in all hulls and between the middle and at least two hydrofoils - right and left - have right and left side hulls. Devices providing the formation of an air gap between the hulls of the vessel and the aquatic environment are placed in the bow and along the sides of the three hulls of the vessel, the right and left hydrofoils are made between the hulls, the ends of the hull hydrofoils are strengthened in the devices mounted on the sides of the hulls, which are designed to rotate the hydrofoils . When maneuvering, regulate the flow of the air gap along the bow and sides of each of the hulls, change the angles of attack of the right and left hull hydrofoils, adjust the thrust of the hull engines, shift the rudders of each of the hulls. To turn right, increase the air gap along the bow and sides of the left hull, the angle of attack of the left hull underwater wing, the engine thrust of the left side hull, reduce the air gap along the bow and sides of the right hull, the angle of attack of the right hull underwater wing, engine thrust of the right side hull , shift the steering wheels of all hulls to the right to board. To turn left, increase the air gap along the bow and sides of the right hull, the angle of attack of the right hull underwater wing, the engine thrust of the right side hull, reduce the air gap along the bow and sides of the left hull, the angle of attack of the left hull underwater wing, the thrust of the engine of the left side hull , shift the steering wheels of all hulls to the right to board. Reverse the thrust of the middle body.

The method of braking a vessel, consisting of the middle hull and the right and left side hulls, in which a device is placed that provides the formation of an air gap between the bow of the vessel and the aquatic environment, ship engines and steering devices are placed in all hulls and between the middle and right and left side hulls have at least two hydrofoils is that devices that provide the formation of an air gap between the bow of the vessel and the aquatic environment, are placed in the bow and air the sides of the three hulls of the vessel, the hydrofoils are made between the hulls, the ends of the hulls of the hydrofoils are strengthened in the devices mounted on the sides of the hulls, capable of rotating the hydrofoils, when the ship is moving on the move for braking, the engines of all the hulls are reversed, the steering wheel of the right side hull is shifted to the right (to the left ), the steering wheel of the left lateral casing is shifted to the left (right), the devices that provide the formation of an air gap between the casings and the aquatic environment are turned off, and the attack intercase hydrofoils to 0 °, making it negative to -90 °.

The drawing shows a diagram of a transport trimaran.

Transport trimaran - transstream 1 consists of three buildings: the middle building 2 and the side buildings - right 3 and left 4. All three buildings are equipped with marine power plants (with propellers) and steering devices (not shown). The middle hull 2 is connected to the lateral hulls 3 and 4 by various inter-hull fasteners 5. On the vessel, a superstructure 6 is provided on the middle hull 2 and superstructures 7 on the lateral hulls 3 and 4. Between the hulls 2, 3 and 4 of the trimaran there are hydrofoils made of inter-hulls, - the right hull wings 8 and the left hull wings 9, which, along with performing the functions of the hydrofoils themselves (obtaining lift), play the role of hull fasteners. The interbody hydrofoils 8 and 9 are configured to change the angle of attack. The angle of attack can be either positive (range from 0 to 90 °) or negative (range from 0 to -90 °). Changing the angle of attack is achieved by moving around the longitudinal axis of the hydrofoils themselves 8 and 9. For this, the ends of the hydrofoils 8 and 9 are mounted in devices 10 located on the sides of the hulls that can rotate the hydrofoil. In practice, various designs of mechanisms and devices 10 are known that are capable of transmitting and converting various types of motion (translational) into rotational motion of an object, in this case a hydrofoil.

To reduce the hydrodynamic resistance of trimaran 1 casings, in each of its casings 2, 3 and 4 from the underwater part of the stem 11 along the keel along the bottom to the surface part of the stem there are devices 12 that ensure the formation and regulation of the air gap (bubbles) between the bow parts and sides of the bodies 2 , 3 and 4 and the aquatic environment. The device 12 is made with the possibility of regulating the air supply separately on the right and left sides of each of the buildings 2, 3 and 4. This allows you to increase the maneuvering ability of the trimaran 1.

As is known, the use of an air gap gives rise to a decrease in the hydrodynamic resistance of water and, as a result, a decrease in the buoyancy of water. In a single-hull vessel, the practical effect of reducing water resistance to the movement of the vessel is achieved through the use of the device 12 in the bow of the vessel, and the size of the air gap is regulated so as not to cause a decrease in buoyancy force, and therefore, draft. In a three-hull vessel containing an underwater wing system, it becomes possible to place devices for the formation and regulation of the air gap in all hulls from the underwater part of the stem along the keel to the surface of the stern shaft and adjust the size of the air gap regardless of the decrease in the buoyancy of the water, which is compensated by the lifting force created by the underwater wing system.

Using engines, steering devices, hull hydrofoils 8 and 9 and devices 12, which provide the formation and regulation of the air gap between each of the buildings 2, 3 and 4 of the transstream 1 and the water environment, it is possible to achieve effective maneuvering by adjusting the thrust of each engine, shifting the rudders in each of the buildings, regulating the angle of attack of the hull hydrofoils and regulating the size of the air gap between each of the buildings and the aquatic environment. That is, to achieve better controllability - one of the most important qualities of a vessel that determine the safety of its navigation, as well as operational capabilities.

Let's consider one of the examples when transstream 1 is on the move, the angle of attack of the right and left hull hydrofoils 8 and 9 is positive, devices working in the hulls 2, 3 and 4 ensure the formation of an air gap and reduce the hydrodynamic resistance of the vessel. To perform a maneuver to the right (left), the following operations are performed in parallel:

- increase the air gap along the bow and sides of the left (right) hull, thereby reducing its hydrodynamic resistance;

- increase the angle of attack of the left (right) hull hydrofoil 9;

- increase the thrust of the engine of the left (right) side housing 4, reverse the thrust of the engine of the right (left) side housing 3;

- reduce the air gap along the bow and sides of the right (left) hull to zero, thereby increasing its hydrodynamic resistance;

- reduce the angle of attack of the right (left) hull hydrofoil 8;

- the rudders of all hulls 2, 3 and 4 shift the right (left) to the side. During the maneuver, if it is necessary to maintain the speed of the vessel, the thrust of the engine of the middle hull 2 does not change. In the absence of the requirement to maintain speed or the need for a steeper turn when maneuvering, the engine thrust of the middle body 2 is reversed.

Active braking of transstream 1, which is in full swing, is possible in various ways, using engines, steering devices, hydrofoils 8 and 9 and devices that provide the formation of an air gap between the buildings 2, 3 and 4 of transstream 1 and the aquatic environment.

Let's consider one of the examples when transstream 1 is at full speed, the angle of attack of the hull hydrofoils 8 and 9 is positive, devices that provide the formation of an air gap and reduce the hydrodynamic resistance of the vessel work in the hulls 2, 3 and 4. To slow down the trimaran 1, which is at full speed, the engines are reversed (reversed), the steering wheel of the right side housing 3 is shifted to the right (left), the steering wheel of the left side housing 4 is shifted to the left (right), and the angle of attack of the hull underwater wings 8 and 9 is reduced to 0 °, and then make it negative to -90 °. At the same time, the devices that ensure the formation of an air gap between the buildings and the aquatic environment are turned off. The complex of these measures allows to more effectively inhibit the trimaran.

Claims (5)

1. A method of maneuvering a vessel, consisting of a middle hull and a right and left side hulls, in which devices are provided that provide an air gap between the bow of the vessel and the water environment, ship engines and steering devices are placed in all hulls and between the middle and right and left at least two hydrofoils — right and left — have lateral hulls, characterized in that the devices providing the formation of an air gap between the hulls of the vessel and the aqueous medium are placed in in the new parts and along the sides of the three hulls of the vessel, the right and left hydrofoils are made between the hulls, the ends of the hull hydrofoils are strengthened in the devices mounted on the sides of the hulls, which are capable of rotating the hydrofoils, when maneuvering, the air gap is fed along the bow and sides of each of the hulls , change the angles of attack of the right and left hull hydrofoils, adjust the thrust of the engines of the hulls, shift the rudders of each of the hulls. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for turning to the right, increase the air gap along the bow and sides of the left hull, the angle of attack of the left hull underwater wing, the engine thrust of the left side hull, reduce the air gap along the bow and sides of the right hull, angle of attack of the right hull hydrofoil, engine thrust of the right side hull, shift the rudders of all hulls to the right. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for turning to the left, increase the air gap along the bow and sides of the right hull, the angle of attack of the right hull underwater wing, the engine thrust of the right side wing, reduce the air gap along the bow and sides of the left hull, angle of attack of the left hull hydrofoil, engine thrust of the left side hull, shift the rudders of all hulls to the left. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the reverse thrust of the middle body. 5. The method of braking a vessel, consisting of the middle hull and the right and left side hulls, in which a device is placed that provides the formation of an air gap between the bow of the vessel and the aquatic environment, ship engines and steering devices are placed in all hulls and between the middle and right and left at least two hydrofoils are located in the lateral hulls, characterized in that the devices providing the formation of an air gap between the bow of the vessel and the aqueous medium are placed in the bow and the length of the sides of the three hulls of the vessel, the hydrofoils are made between the hulls, the ends of the hulls of the hydrofoils are strengthened in the devices mounted on the sides of the hulls, which are capable of rotating the hydrofoils, when the ship is moving on the move for braking, the engines of all the hulls are reversed, the steering wheel of the right side hull is shifted to the right (to the left ), the steering wheel of the left lateral casing is shifted to the left (right), the devices that provide the formation of an air gap between the casing and the aquatic environment are turned off, and the angle ol attacks hull hydrofoils to 0 °, make it negative to - 90 °.