RU2211144C2 - Method for processing of worn-out tires and mechanical rubber goods and device for its realization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: applicable in automotive, motor road, construction, chemical and other branches of industry. SUBSTANCE: the method consists in thermal treatment of the raw material placed in an extractor filled with petroleum product. The process is conducted simultaneously with vacuum distillation of liquid petroleum product and rubber decomposition products in a rotating perforated drum in the conditions of barbotage of petroleum products and raw material by flue gases at a temperature of 100 to 900 C at a mass relation of raw material-petroleum product up to 4. In the process of thermal treatment rubber is completely dissolved, the obtained rubber-bitumen composition is drained, the remaining soot, metal cord, mineral substances present in the basket are washed. The remainder is ground, and the cord and soot are extracted from it. The cylindrical extractor in the device is positioned horizontally and has a loading hatch with a cover in the end part and a rail track located along its inner generating line. The perforated drum is introduced in the extractor on the rail track, the drum is provided with a hatch for loading the raw material, assembly for rotation of the drum on its axle resting on supports positioned on a truck. The drum has a unit for coupling with the rotation drive located outside the extractor. The latter is provided with a locking loading device, device for producing vacuum with a condenser and a distillate collector, product conductors for assembly of the remainder with gates and metal cord, extractor warm-up jacket with flue gas inlet and outlet connections, barbotage device with an inlet collector and an adjusting valve. The device has metal cord unloading and processing systems, press for separation of remainders, washer, oven and a press for production of briquettes. EFFECT: simplified process of tire processing, reduced power consumption. 6 cl, 1 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the recycling of used tires and rubber products and can be used in the automotive, road, construction, chemical and other industries.

 A known method of processing used car tires by crushing followed by the use of rubber crumb, steel cord, textile as secondary products (USSR AS 1752562, IPC V 29 V 17/00, 1992).

 The disadvantages of this method are the high energy intensity of production, the complexity of the equipment, which reduces the ability of this method to process large volumes of raw materials.

 Known methods for processing polymeric materials and rubber products in two stages - pyrolysis and catalytic cracking. The result is gasoline, diesel fuel and solid products (carbon black, metal cord), see RF patents 2142357, IPC C 10 G 1/10, 29 V 17/00, C 08 J 11/02, 03/03/1998; RF 2142494, IPC C 10 G 1/10, 11/07/1995; EP 0 607 994 A1, C 10 G 1/10, 07.27.1999; EP 0607862 C 10 G 1/10, C 10 B 57/02, C 10 G 1/00, 07.27.1994.

 The disadvantages of these methods are the use of expensive catalysts, a two-stage process.

 Closest to the proposed is a method for the disposal of waste tires and waste rubber products and a device for its implementation (RU 2153415 C2, IPC V 29 V 17/00, C 10 V 55/00, C 10 G 1/10, 2000).

In the method, heat treatment of raw materials is carried out, which is placed in an extractor filled with fuel oil or tar at a temperature of 260-290 ^o C. The method uses a perforated basket in which the raw materials are placed.

 After complete dissolution, the resulting bitumen composition is drained. The remains of soot, mineral components and metal cord are washed with gasoline, which is distilled off with steam. The solid residue is ground and metal cord and soot are recovered. The method is carried out in a vertical cylindrical vessel, in the upper part of which there is a hatch for loading the basket with rubber waste.

 This method has significant disadvantages, the main of which are the long dissolution of rubber (from 11 to 24 hours), two-stage process, the use of gasoline in the second stage, which makes the process more expensive and less safe.

The objective of the present invention is to simplify the process of processing tires, eliminating the two-stage process, reducing the time of the process, reducing energy costs, eliminating the second reagent, which is of high cost, using as extractant not only tar and fuel oil, but also hydrocarbons with a boiling point above 60 ^o C, which can also be in a mixed state with other hydrocarbons (it can be, for example, oil sludge, waste oils, bottoms, etc.), lack of catalysts, combination the process of processing worn rubber with a distillation process to obtain distillates, the use of flue gases in a bubbler to create a pseudo-boiling layer in the environment of oil and rubber waste.

The solution of the problem in part related to the method is achieved by the fact that in the method of disposal of used car tires and waste rubber products, which carry out the heat treatment of raw materials placed in an extractor filled with oil at a temperature of 260-290 ^o C, completely dissolve the rubber, drain the resulting rubber-bitumen composition, soot residues, metal cord, minerals in the basket are washed, after which the residue is crushed and cord and soot are removed from it, the process is carried out dnovremenno vacuum distillation hydrocarbon oil and rubber degradation products in a rotating perforated drum under bubbling flue gases and feedstock oil with temperature 100-900 ^o C at a weight ratio of feedstock to oil to 4.

 In addition, the metal cord, soot and minerals remaining in the drum after the first cycle are not removed from the drum, and the drum and extractor are reloaded with raw materials. The number of loading cycles to the number of unloading cycles of the cord 1 or more.

 To increase drum loading, the raw material is fragmented into large flat fragments before loading.

In addition, the raw materials and oil product before loading is heated by the exhaust flue gases to a temperature of 150-210 ^o C.

 In addition, the washing of the metal cord is carried out with the same hot oil product that is used to extract the rubber at each loading and unloading cycle.

 The solution of the problem in part related to the device is achieved by the fact that in the device for the disposal of waste tires and rubber products containing an extractor, which is a cylindrical body having a loading hatch in the upper part, as well as reagent I / O fittings, a loading device raw materials and a device for condensing vapor extractant, a temperature control device and a device for vaporizing a gasoline extractant, a cylindrical extractor located horizontally, has the end part of the loading hatch with a lid and a rail track located along its inner generatrix along which a perforated drum is introduced into the extractor, equipped with a hatch for loading raw materials, a drum rotation unit along its axis, supported by supports located on a trolley moving along rails, and a unit gearing with a rotation drive located outside the extractor, while the extractor is equipped with a lock loading device, a device for creating a vacuum with a condenser and a distillate collector, collection pipelines and the residue with valves and a metal cord, an extractor heating jacket with a flue gas inlet and outlet collector, a flue gas bubbler with an input manifold and a control valve, in addition, the device is equipped with metal cord unloading and processing systems for separating residues, a sink, a firing furnace and briquette press.

The device is equipped with oil product inlet and outlet fittings with valves, a bubbler device with a valve, a nozzle device for introducing flue gas into the oil product circulation system with a perforated or mesh drum, which is also a mixer for mixing raw materials and oil products, equipped with special brushes for cleaning the chamber walls. Compared with the known, the proposed method allows:
to intensify the process (complete decomposition of rubber occurs in 3-5 hours);
receive additional fuel and oil.

 Installation for implementing the method of disposal of waste tires and waste rubber products is shown in the drawing. The installation consists of a heated tank 1 for fuel oil, tar or other oil product, extractor 2, which is a horizontally arranged cylindrical body having a loading hatch in the upper part, fittings for input and output of reagents, a device for loading raw materials, a device for condensing extractant vapor, a device for temperature control and a device for the evaporation of gasoline extractant. In the extractor 2, a rotating perforated drum 3 is placed on the trolley 4. The drum 3 is equipped with a hatch for loading raw materials, a rotational unit of the drum 3 along its axis, supported by bearings located on the trolley moving along the rails, and an engagement unit with a rotation drive located outside the extractor 2. The extractor 2 is equipped with a system for creating a vacuum, consisting of a collector 5, a condenser 6, a ballast tank with a siphon 7, a receiving tank for collecting condensate 8, a vacuum pump 9, a drain pipe and a tank 10 for oxidation and a tank 11 for storing rubbery bitumen composite collector inlet and outlet of the flue gases from the gas burner 12, where part of the flue gas enters the bubbling device 13 of the flue gas entering the collector and the control valve. The extractor 2 is also equipped with a loading hatch 14 and a rail 15 located along its inner generatrix and serving to load and unload the drum 3, as well as an electric motor with a gearbox and stuffing box seal 16 for rotating the drum 3. In addition, the extractor 2 is equipped with a lock loading device, a distillate collector, residue collecting ducts with valves and a metal cord, a heating jacket for the extractor 2. The rail 15 ends with a metal cord unloading device 17, in addition, a sleep device It is equipped with metal cord unloading and processing systems with a press for separating residues, washing, a kiln and a press for briquettes. For a denser drum loading, the tires are divided into several large fragments, or loaded entirely.

Installation works as follows. After the fragmentator 18, the tires enter the hopper 19 and into the heated device 20, where they are heated to a temperature of ≈150 ^o С, loaded into the drum 3. The drum 3 is rolled into the extractor 2, engages with the rotation unit, and then the hatch 14. Is closed. From the tank 1, the extractor 2 is filled with oil heated up to a temperature of 150-210 ^o With a vacuum product, the pump 9 is pumped through the collector 5, the refrigerator 6. The extractor 2 is heated with flue gases from the burner 12. Some of the gases are supplied to the bubbler device 13.

 The mass ratio of the loaded rubber waste to the oil product can practically lie in the range from 0 to 4.

 If the ratio is 0, then the installation works as a distillation device for producing vacuum distillates. If this ratio is greater than 0 but less than 4, rubber-bitumen compositions of various consistencies are obtained. If the ratio is greater than or equal to 4, the unit turns into a pyrolytic one with the release of gaseous and liquid combustible products, coke and cord.

The process proceeds with continuous rotation of the drum and a rise in the temperature of the feedstock and oil product from 150-270 to 270-500 ^o C. As the temperature rises, the oil product and rubber decomposition products are distilled off. Vacuum 300-740 mm Hg. Art. reduces the boiling point of fractions and facilitates sublimation. Bubble bubbles with a temperature of 200-900 ^o With contain an equilibrium amount of oil vapor and "wash" pieces of rubber. At the bubble-rubber interface, the phenomenon of cavitation occurs, the introduction of oil vapor in the rubber, the temperature rises locally. Continuous rotation of the drum, equipped with brushes, makes the process uniform, mixes the oil product, prevents coking on the walls. Thus, the intensification of the process. The process time is reduced and is determined mainly by the time of heating the products to a temperature of 270-500 ^o C. At an average rate of rise of 1 ^o C per minute, it is from 1.5 to 5 hours. Criteria for the end of the process are: the achievement of products temperature of 270-500 ^o C, a decrease in the speed of distillation, the appearance of discillates of paraffin-oil fractions. To continue the process, rubber is loaded into the reactor in the same amount through a lock device without stopping the apparatus. This saves time and energy needed to warm up the reactor and oil product. On the other hand, this allows the rubber-bitumen composite to be saturated with decomposition products of rubber (rubber, minerals). Such composites can be used in the rubber industry. Rubber reloading into the reactor without unloading the composite and metal cord can occur repeatedly.

 At the end of the process, the rubber-bitumen composite is poured into a container 10 for oxidation or into a container 11 for storage and packaging. Depending on the purpose, the composite may or may not be oxidized. To use the composite in the rubber industry, oxidation is not required. After draining the rubber-bitumen composite without opening the extractor 2 and rolling out the drum 3, the residue is washed with oil. The number of loading cycles of raw materials and petroleum products to the number of metal cord unloading cycles varies depending on the content of steel cord in the rubber. Usually it is 4-30% of the mass of rubber and does not significantly affect the degree of filling of the drum up to 2-10 cycles.

 At the end of the required number of loading cycles, the hatch 14 opens, the drum 3 rolls out, the metal cord is unloaded with the help of an electromagnet, and is pressed on the press 17.

 In the described method receive the following products.

 Vacuum gas oil - marine or heating oil, intermediate for pyrolysis.

 Rubber-bitumen composition - a product for road construction, waterproofing, rubber-technical industry.

 Metal cord is a secondary raw material for metallurgy.

 Example 1

30 kg of large tires fragmented into large fragments of 0.2 x 0.5 m or more are heated with exhaust flue gases to a temperature of 120 ^o C. The heated fragments are loaded into a perforated drum rotating around its axis. The cart on which the drum is located is rolled along the rails into the extractor, the lid is closed, the rotation of the drum is turned on. Fuel oil is loaded into the extractor in an amount of 90 kg with a temperature of 210 ^o C. The vacuum pump is turned on, the level of bubbling with flue gases is adjusted to 0.5 atm with a temperature of 450 ^o C. The distillation of the oil product begins immediately. Upon reaching the temperature of the oil in the extractor 310 ^o With stop heating the extractor with flue gases, drain the residue of distillation of fuel oil into the oxidizing agent. The extractor cover is opened and the metal cord is removed, the whole operation took 3.3 hours.

The yield of products in% of the total mass of the load:
Vacuum gas oil - 27.1
Rubber-bitumen composite - 66.3
Metal cord - 5.6
Losses - 1.0
Vacuum gas oil corresponds to TU.

The rubber-bitumen composite has the following characteristics: penetration at 25 ^o C (100 g, 5 s) - 41;
softening temperature according to KiSh - 56 ^o C;
ductility, cm at 25 ^o C - 100.

 Example 2

30 kg of tires divided into large fragments are heated with exhaust flue gases to a temperature of 120 ^o C. The heated fragments are loaded into a perforated drum. The drum is rolled into the extractor, the lid is closed, the rotation of the drum is turned on, and the lid is closed. And they proceed further, as in the first example. Upon reaching a temperature of 310 ^° C, the same amount of rubber is loaded into the drum through a lock device, without stopping the process. Initially, the temperature in the reactor drops to 260 ^o C, then increases. The solar fraction appears in the distillation, then the paraffin-oil fraction, after which the next portion of rubber is loaded in the same amount through the gateway device without stopping the process, the temperature in the reactor is brought to 310 ^o С, the rubber-bitumen composite is drained, the reactor and products are washed with oil from tank 1 ( the reactor is cooled), the reactor is opened, the drum is rolled out, the metal cord is removed and pressed.

 The entire operation took 8.5 hours.

The yield of products in% of the total mass of the load:
Vacuum gas oil - 39.1
Rubber-bitumen composite - 52.3
Metal cord - 7.2
Losses - 1.2
The elemental composition in the rubber-bitumen composite after each loading is shown in Table 1. It can be seen from the table that in the composite there is an accumulation of elements contained in the rubber components: ZnO, S, SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , etc. The accumulation data in the rubber composite are shown in table 2.

Claims (6)

1. The method of disposal of used car tires and waste rubber products, which carry out the heat treatment of raw materials placed in an extractor filled with oil at a temperature of 260-290 ^o C, completely dissolve the rubber, drain the resulting rubber-bitumen composition, soot residues, metal cord, mineral substances, located in the basket, washed, after which the residue is crushed and soot is extracted from it, characterized in that the process is carried out simultaneously with the vacuum distillation of the liquid oil product and the product decomposition of rubber, in a rotating perforated drum, under conditions of sparging of the oil product and feedstock with flue gases with a temperature of 100-900 ^o With a mass ratio of feedstock to oil product up to 4.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the metal cord, soot and minerals remaining in the drum after the first cycle are not removed from the drum, and the drum and extractor are reloaded with raw materials.  3. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that in order to increase the loading of the drum, the raw material is fragmented into large flat fragments before loading. 4. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the feedstock and oil prior to loading are heated with exhaust flue gases to a temperature of 150-210 ^o C.  5. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the flushing of the metal cord is carried out with the same hot oil product that is used to extract the rubber at each loading and unloading cycle.  6. A device for the disposal of waste tires and waste rubber products, containing the extractor, which is a cylindrical body having a loading hatch in the upper part, as well as reagent input-output fittings, a raw material loading device and an extractant vapor condensation device, a temperature control device and a device for vaporization of gasoline extractant, characterized in that the cylindrical extractor, located horizontally, has a loading hatch with a lid in the end part and located on e about the internal generatrix of the rail track along which a perforated drum is introduced into the extractor, equipped with a hatch for loading raw materials, a drum rotation unit along its axis, resting on supports located on a trolley moving along the rails, and an engagement unit with a rotation drive located outside the extractor, the extractor is equipped with a lock loading device, a device for creating a vacuum with a condenser and a distillate collector, product lines for collecting the residue with valves and metal cord, a warming jacket and extractor to input and output pipes of the flue gases, the flue gas bubbling device with the input manifold and the control valve, moreover, the apparatus is provided with unloading systems and treatment of the steel cord to separate press residues sink, oven baking and press to obtain briquettes.

Images