RU2202589C2 - Method and device for production of hydrocarbons from domestic garbage or wastes and/or wastes of organic materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of hydrocarbons from domestic garbage and/or wastes of organic materials. SUBSTANCE: proposed method includes loading materials into horizontal revolving reactor for performing reaction of first cracking and loading residues after first cracking into reactor with helical agitator for performing reaction of second cracking. Reaction of cracking is pyrolysis and/or catalytic cracking. Device proposed for realization of said method includes horizontal revolving reactor with helical agitator. Horizontal reactor has first cylindrical housing and cylindrical gear forming loop on outer wall of cylindrical housing; loading unit is mounted on one end of horizontal revolving reactor; device is also provided with first treatment chamber mounted on other end of horizontal revolving reactor. Horizontal revolving reactor is provided with heating unit. Loading unit includes screw feeder or feeder with reciprocating mechanism. Reactor with helical agitator has second cylindrical housing; treatment chamber is connected with one end of this housing; helical agitator is mounted on second cylindrical housing; second treatment chamber is mounted on other end of second cylindrical housing; device is also provided with helical lowering unit mounted in bottom portion of treatment chamber. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 16 cl, 1 dwg, 2 ex

Description

 The invention relates to a method and device for producing hydrocarbons from household waste or waste and / or waste of organic materials, in particular to a method and device for producing hydrocarbons from household waste or waste and / or waste of organic materials by pyrolysis and catalytic cracking.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
With the development of society and the improvement of people's lives, the amount of organic components in household waste or waste is continuously increasing, and they, therefore, are a serious danger to the environment. The topic of processing household waste or waste and / or waste of organic materials and turning them into harmless and reusable has become popular around the world.

 The composition of household garbage or waste is very complex. The method of burning in the prior art is expensive. The gases generated by this method pollute the air. Another method of the prior art - the method of landfill - occupies a lot of cultivated land, pollutes groundwater sources and does not allow reuse of materials.

 The technique describes several solutions to these problems. Chambers in US Pat. No. 4,235,676 describes an apparatus for producing hydrocarbons from plastic waste and industrial and household waste. The specified installation includes a vacuum system and a stationary reactor. The problem with the use of such an installation is that production cannot be carried out sequentially. In addition, the reactor is easily coked and it is very difficult to unload from the reactor residues formed during the reaction.

 EP-A-0607862 (Applicant Mazda Motor Corporation) describes a method and apparatus for producing hydrocarbons from plastic waste and rubber waste. In this case, a vertical reactor is used. However, this publication does not show how to unload the residues from the reaction. With all the methods mentioned above, it is impossible to simultaneously and sequentially process household waste or waste and / or waste of organic materials of complex composition.

 PCT / CN97 / 00124, filed by the applicant, describes a method and apparatus for producing hydrocarbons from waste organic and polymeric materials. In this case, a horizontal rotary reactor is used. It is necessary to maintain a high temperature in the reactor in order to carry out the cracking reaction, since all reactions are carried out in one reactor. However, the high temperature used in this case is critical to the quality of the reactor. The reactor is difficult to rotate if it is made of steel of normal pearlite structure. In this case, the reaction temperature should be lower in order to maintain the shape of the reactor. Thus, the cracking reaction is not carried out completely and the materials cannot be decomposed completely. In addition, the materials are loaded periodically and the residues after the reaction are also unloaded periodically.

 Thus, the invention relates to solving these problems of the prior art.

Summary of the invention
Accordingly, an object of the invention is a method and apparatus for producing hydrocarbons from household waste or waste and / or waste of organic materials. In particular, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing hydrocarbons from household waste or waste and / or waste of organic materials by two-stage cracking at different temperatures with sequential loading and unloading.

 According to the invention, the method includes two stages. The first cracking is carried out in the first reactor (horizontal screw reactor), which is made larger so that more materials can be processed. The specific size of the reactor depends on the properties of the materials being processed. For example, the reactor, as a rule, perform a size of 1.0-3.0 meters in diameter.

 Gaseous components from the first cracking reaction are discharged from the reactor after completion of the reaction. The resulting residues enter the second reactor (reactor with a helical stirrer) and undergo a second cracking reaction. The second reactor can be designed in a small size, since the volume of materials after the first cracking is significantly reduced. The size of the second reactor may vary depending on the properties of the materials and processing conditions. Typically, the second reactor may have a diameter of 1/2 the diameter of the first reactor, for example 0.5-1.5 meters.

 Although the temperature maintained in the second reactor is much higher than in the first reactor, the second reactor is slightly deformed at such a higher temperature, since it is stationary and its volume is relatively small. There is no effect on the cracking reaction, even if the second reactor is slightly deformed. Therefore, the invention overcomes the problems of the prior art.

The present invention relates to a method for processing household waste or waste and / or waste of organic materials, comprising the steps of:
loading materials into a horizontal rotary reactor for the first cracking reaction; and
loading residues from the first cracking into a screw mixer reactor to carry out a second cracking reaction.

 The method also includes the step of collecting gaseous hydrocarbons from the first and second cracking reactions.

 In the specified method, if required, the materials can be pre-processed.

 In said process, first and second cracking reactions include pyrolysis and / or catalytic cracking.

The cracking reaction is carried out at atmospheric or elevated pressure. Typically, cracking is carried out at a pressure of 0.02-0.6 MPa. The temperature at the first cracking is maintained at 350-600 ^{° C.} , and at the second cracking at 600-1200 ^° C. Preferably, the temperature at the first cracking is maintained at 400-500 ^{° C.} , and at the second cracking at 600-800 ^{° C.} .

 In catalytic cracking, the SR-1 catalyst is used.

 The invention also relates to a device for the treatment of household waste or waste and / or waste of organic materials, which includes mainly a horizontal rotary reactor and a reactor with a helical stirrer.

 A horizontal rotary reactor includes a first cylindrical body; a cylindrical gear forming a loop on the outer wall of the cylindrical body; a loading device mounted at one end of a horizontal rotary reactor; and a first processing chamber mounted at the other end of the horizontal rotary reactor (at the tip). The horizontal rotary reactor also has an internal heating device.

 The loading device includes a screw feeder or a feeder with a reciprocating mechanism.

 The reactor with a screw mixer includes a second cylindrical body, with one end of which is connected the first processing chamber; a screw mixer mounted in a second cylindrical body; a second processing chamber mounted on the other end of the second cylindrical body; and a screw descent device installed in the bottom of the second processing chamber.

 The fixed layer is mounted in the upper part inside the first and second processing chambers, respectively.

 The device according to the invention, if desired, also includes a pre-treatment device with which moisture can be removed from the materials.

 The pretreatment device can be made in a form similar to the first reactor. The temperature in it can be maintained using hot gases, and it is not required that it be as high as in the first reactor.

 The device according to the invention also includes a device for collecting hydrocarbons, which may be a conventional apparatus for separating oil and water. For example, such a device may include a condenser, a hydrocarbon collection tank, and a hydraulic shut-off tank.

 The drawing shows a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of the device in accordance with the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
According to the method of the invention, household waste or waste and / or waste of organic materials, pre-treated or unprocessed, is sequentially introduced into a tightly closed horizontal rotary reactor using a screw feeder. The reactor is driven to rotate and heat, and the first cracking is carried out therein. Gaseous hydrocarbons formed during the reaction are discharged from the reactor. At the same time, the resulting residues, which have not completely decomposed, are sequentially loaded into another tightly closed reactor with a screw stirrer. The reactor with a screw mixer is heated and its screw mixer is driven by electric current for continuous rotation. The second cracking is carried out in a reactor with a helical stirrer at high temperature so that the organic components in the residues from the first cracking decompose completely. Meanwhile, inorganic residues from the second cracking are sequentially discharged from the reactor with a screw stirrer. Gaseous hydrocarbons from the second cracking are removed from the reactor and collected.

In this method, both the first and second cracking comprise a pyrolysis reaction and / or catalytic cracking. One pyrolysis can be carried out if catalytic cracking is not required. Catalytic cracking occurs in a fixed bed installed inside the reactors. The heat required for catalytic cracking is provided by the reactors themselves. The catalyst may not be loaded into the fixed bed unless catalytic cracking is required for the materials. Cracking is carried out at atmospheric or elevated pressure. Typically, cracking is carried out at a pressure of 0.02-0.6 MPa. The temperature during the first catalytic cracking is maintained at 350-600 ^o C, and during the second catalytic cracking at 600-1200 ^o C. Preferably the temperature at the first catalytic cracking is maintained at 400-500 ^o C, and at the second catalytic cracking at 600 -800 ^o C. As the catalyst used in the invention, select the SR-1 catalyst containing 5 wt.% CHO-1 (trade name, manufactured by Qilu Petroleum & Chemical Co., China), 20 wt. % REY, 30 wt.% Mercerized zeolite and 45 wt.% ZSM-5 catalyst.

 The device of the invention mainly includes a horizontal rotary reactor, a helical stirred tank reactor and a hydrocarbon collector.

 The horizontal rotary reactor includes a first cylindrical body supported on the basis of several groups of circular suspensions (two in each group) under the body for rotation clockwise or counterclockwise; a cylindrical gear forming a loop on the outer wall of the cylindrical body and connected to it or fixed to it by welding or a connecting bolt to give the body synchronous rotation; a screw steel strip fixed to the inner wall of a cylindrical body like a nut; a loading device mounted on one end of a horizontal rotating reactor, the stationary external wall of which is connected to the rotating body by mechanical sealing or other sealing methods known in the art; and a first processing chamber mounted on the other end of the horizontal rotary reactor, which is stationary and connected to the rotary body by mechanical sealing or other known sealing techniques; and a fixed layer mounted vertically in the upper inner part of the first processing chamber and connected to the outlet of the reactor for discharging gaseous products.

 The reactor with a screw mixer includes a second cylindrical body, mounted on the base and connected to the input for materials in the upper part of one of its end; a second processing chamber mounted on the other end of the cylindrical body; a fixed layer mounted vertically in the upper inner part of the second processing chamber and connected to the outlet for gaseous products; a screw mixer mounted in a cylindrical housing and controlled by an engine with a regulator; a screw descent device mounted in the bottom of the second treatment chamber, where the residue outlet in the second processing chamber is connected to a material inlet in the screw descent device.

 The hydrocarbon collector may be a conventional apparatus for separating oil and water. For example, such a device may include a condenser, a hydrocarbon collection tank, and a hydraulic shut-off tank.

 A preferred embodiment of the method of the invention includes crushing household waste or waste and / or waste of organic materials into pieces with a diameter of less than 35 cm; loading the obtained materials into a tightly closed horizontal screw reactor; rotation and heating of a horizontal rotary reactor for the first cracking; introducing the residues obtained during the first cracking into a tightly closed reactor with a screw stirrer for the second cracking, at that time the gaseous substances obtained during the first cracking are removed from a horizontal rotating reactor; and collecting gaseous hydrocarbons obtained in the first and second cracking, by conventional methods. Residues from the second cracking are residues of completely decomposed materials and, therefore, do not contain organic components. The residues are crushed, selected and separated using a magnet and industrial fillers and metal waste are obtained.

 In the method described above, cracking involves pyrolysis and / or catalytic cracking. Only pyrolysis is carried out if materials, such as household waste or waste, are low in organic components. Both pyrolysis and catalytic cracking are carried out when the materials contain polymeric substances, such as plastic waste, rubber waste and waste oil, etc.

Catalytic cracking is carried out in a fixed bed installed in the reactors. The heat required for catalytic cracking is provided by the heat inside the reactor. The temperature at the first cracking is maintained at 350-600 ^o C, and at the second cracking at 600-1200 ^o C. The actual temperature depends on the properties of the processed materials. The selected catalyst SR-1 is introduced into the fixed bed as a catalyst. The SR-1 catalyst contains 5 wt. % CHO-1, 20 wt.% REY, 30 wt.% Mercerized zeolite (and the molar ratio between Si and Al is 12: 1) and 45 wt.% ZMS-5. It is obtained by thoroughly mixing all of the above components.

 Interactions can be carried out at atmospheric or elevated pressure. The gaseous products formed during the first and second cracking are then condensed and separated, and hydrocarbons with various fractional gratings and combustible gases are obtained in the usual way. Inorganic residues obtained during the second cracking are discharged from the reactor with a helical stirrer. They are crushed and separated by a magnet and inorganic industrial fillers and metal waste are obtained.

 The household waste or waste and / or organic waste materials processed in the method of the invention comprise household waste or waste, food waste, plastic waste, rubber waste, including used tires, sludge, human or animal excrement, wood flour, crude oil, waste oil heavy oils and any other materials containing organic or polymeric components.

 A preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the invention includes a horizontal screw reactor, a screw stirrer and a hydrocarbon collector.

 A horizontal rotating reactor includes a cylindrical body supported from below on the base by several groups of circular suspensions (two in each group) for rotation clockwise or counterclockwise. Around the housing is thermal insulation. A heating layer is placed between the housing and the stationary thermal insulation. A gas stream at high temperature enters the thermal insulation to heat the housing from one end of the heating layer and is diverted from its other end. A horizontal rotary reactor can be designed as an internal heated reactor. For example, pipelines for gases can be fixed in the middle of the reactor. The temperature required in the reactor can be maintained by the flow of gases through the pipelines. In this case, only thermal insulation is needed, and the heating layer can be omitted. A screw steel strip is mounted on the inside wall of the vessel like a nut, and it can direct materials in the reactor forward or backward as the body rotates. At one end, the housing is connected to a screw feeder or a feeder with a reciprocating mechanism, and at the other end, the housing is connected to the first processing chamber. To connect a rotating housing with a fixed screw feeder, a first processing chamber and thermal insulation, a mechanical seal or other sealing methods known in the art are used respectively. The fixed layer is installed in the upper inner part of the first chamber. Gaseous products obtained by pyrolysis are removed from the reactor through a fixed bed.

 The reactor with a screw stirrer includes a cylindrical body mounted on the base. A screw mixer is installed in the housing. At the ends, the housing is connected respectively to the inlet for residues from the first cracking and the second processing chamber. The heating layer, enclosed in thermal insulation, is located above the housing. The inlet and outlet of the gas stream for heating the housing are designed at both ends of the conductive layer. Gaseous products formed during pyrolysis enter a fixed bed installed in the upper part of the second processing chamber, where catalytic cracking is carried out. The resulting gaseous hydrocarbons are then diverted from the reactor through an outlet connected to the fixed bed.

 The invention is also described with reference to the drawing.

 According to the invention, the device shown in the drawing includes a horizontal rotary reactor 1, a reactor with a helical stirrer 26, and a device for collecting hydrocarbons, including a condenser 23, a tank for collecting hydrocarbons 24 and a reservoir with a hydraulic shutter 25.

 The device according to the invention, if necessary, also includes a device for pre-processing 32.

 The horizontal rotating reactor 1 includes a cylindrical body 22, supported from below on the basis of several groups of circular suspensions 5 (two in each group) for free rotation of the body. The spur gear 6 of the same diameter as the outer layer of the housing 22 is mounted on the outer wall of the housing 22. The gear 6 is engaged by a small gear 7, controlled by a motor with a regulator. The gear 6 rotates together with the small gear 7 under the control of a motor with a regulator 4, and thereby the housing rotates simultaneously with it. The heating layer 11, enclosed in thermal insulation 9, is located around the housing. A gas stream for heating the housing enters the heating layer 11 from one end thereof and exits from the other end thereof. Alternatively, pipes in the middle of the reactor (not shown) can be used for gas flow. The temperature in the reactor necessary for the reaction is maintained by the flow of gases through the pipes. In this case, the heating layer is not needed. Along the inner wall of the housing 22, a steel strip 2 is evenly distributed like a nut. When the housing 22 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise, the materials in the reactor are moved with the strip forward or backward. At one end, the housing is connected to a screw feeder (reciprocating mixer) 3, and at its other end is connected to the first processing chamber 13. To connect the rotating housing 22 with the fixed screw feeder 3, the first processing chamber 13 and heat insulation 9, respectively, mechanical sealing or other sealing methods known in the art are used. The fixed bed 14 is mounted vertically in the upper inner part of the first treatment chamber 13 and connected to an outlet 15 for discharging the gaseous products resulting from cracking. Gaseous products enter the tank for collecting hydrocarbons 24 through the condenser 23. Non-condensed gases are fed into the tank with a hydraulic shutter 25 and discharged from its upper part. Residues formed in the horizontal rotating reactor 1 are directly fed to the inlet 18 of the reactor with a screw mixer 26 through the first processing chamber 13. The reactor with a screw stirrer 26 includes a cylindrical housing 21, mounted on the base. At its two ends, the housing 21 is connected respectively to the input 18 for loading and the second chamber 27 for processing. In the housing 21, a screw feeder 19 is installed, controlled by a motor with a regulator 4. The heating layer 11, enclosed in thermal insulation 9, is located around the housing 21. The inlet 12 and the outlet 8 of a high temperature gas stream for heating the housing 21 are located at both ends of the heating layer 11. The gaseous hydrocarbons obtained during the second cracking are discharged from the reactor through the fixed bed 16. Gaseous products enter the tank for collecting hydrocarbons 24 through the condenser 23. Non-condensed gases enter the tank with hydraulic shutter 25 and unloaded from its upper part.

The device according to the invention also includes a pre-treatment device 32 when moisture-containing materials are processed. The device 32 can be constructed similarly to the first reactor, as shown in FIG. The same numbers here refer to the same elements as in the first reactor, provided that the temperature in device 32 can be maintained at 100-200 ^° C and the materials are heated by direct contact with a stream of hot air. The inlet and outlet of the hot air stream are indicated by 30 and 31, respectively.

 Next, the method of the invention will be described with reference to the drawing.

 Household waste or waste and / or waste of organic materials is crushed to pieces with a diameter of less than 35 cm. Then the resulting material is loaded into the hopper 28. If the materials are fluid, they can be pumped into the hopper 28. The materials are sent by a screw feeder 3 for feeding into a horizontal rotating reactor 1. The gas stream with high temperature from the heating furnace 10 supplies the reactor 1 with the necessary heat through the heating layer 11. The gear 6 is driven by a small gear 7, which in turn is driven by a motor with a regulator Whereby synchronously rotating cylindrical body 22. The materials in the reactor are moved forward by the steel strip 2 mounted on the inner wall of the reactor. The motor with controller 4 can be adjusted to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, so that reactor 1 can rotate synchronously. The materials in the reactor 1 are heated to carry out the pyrolysis reaction, and the residues thus obtained are fed into the reactor with a screw stirrer 26 through the chamber for the first treatment. Gaseous hydrocarbons from this reaction enter the fixed bed 14 for catalytic cracking. Catalytic cracking is not carried out if the catalyst is not loaded into the fixed bed. Gaseous hydrocarbons formed during the reaction enter the condenser 23 through the outlet of the reactor, then enter the tank 24 for collecting hydrocarbons. The collected hydrocarbons can be fractionated into gasoline, diesel and heavy oil. The heavy oil can be returned to reactor 1 for cracking or fed as fuel. Non-condensed gases can be reintroduced into the combustion furnace 10 after they enter the hydraulic shutter tank 25. The reactor 1 according to the invention has significant advantages, such as speed of reaction and high heat transfer efficiency, it is unlikely that the materials are coked, and a sequential process receipt. In order to satisfy industry requirements, reactor 1 should be designed as large as possible. However, the larger the reactor, the easier it is to deform at high temperature. Thus, rotation of the reactor is hindered. Therefore, it is desirable to carry out the first cracking at a relatively low temperature. The problem arising from this circumstance is that the cracking reaction is not completely carried out at such a low temperature and the organic components in the materials are not completely decomposed.

 In order to solve this problem, the residues from the reactor 1 are introduced into the reactor with a screw stirrer 26 to carry out further second cracking at a higher temperature. The gas stream with a high temperature from the combustion furnace 10 supplies heat to the reactor 26 through the heating layer 11. The screw mixer 19 in the reactor 26 is controlled by a motor with controller 4. The second cracking of residues from the reactor 1 proceeds at a higher temperature. The amount of material decreases significantly after the first cracking. Therefore, the reactor 26 is designed with a smaller volume. The reactor 26 is slightly deformed at a higher temperature, since the reactor has a small volume and is stationary. Even if the reactor 26 is slightly deformed, this does not affect the second cracking, provided that there is no effect on the rotation of the screw mixer. The organic components in the materials during the second cracking completely decompose to gaseous hydrocarbons. The resulting gaseous hydrocarbons enter the fixed bed 16 for catalytic cracking. The resulting hydrocarbons leave reactor 26, enter the condenser 23, and then reach the hydrocarbon collection tank 24. Non-condensed gases are again fed to the combustion furnace 10, after which they enter the reservoir with a hydraulic shutter 25. The residues obtained after the second cracking do not contain organic components. They are removed from the reactor 26 using a screw descent device 29 installed in the bottom of the chamber for the second processing 27, and they are crushed, selected and separated using a magnet, and industrial materials such as inorganic fillers, metal wastes, etc. are obtained.

 The following examples are provided to better understand the invention. It is implied that these examples in no way limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1
Frozen household waste from Beijing is crushed into pieces with a diameter of less than 35 cm. After preliminary processing (dewatering), the materials are loaded into hopper 28 and introduced into reactor 1 using a screw feeder 3. The required amount of SR-1 catalyst is loaded into the fixed bed 14 of reactor 1. The reactor 1 is heated by a stream of high temperature gases from the furnace 10 for combustion through the heating layer 11 and include rotation. The materials in the reactor 1 are heated to carry out the first cracking, including pyrolysis and catalytic cracking. Cracking is carried out at a temperature of 400-500 ^o With a pressure of 0.02-0.3 MPa. The gaseous hydrocarbons obtained by cracking are removed from the reactor 1 and introduced into the hydrocarbon collecting vessel 24 through a condenser 23 to produce liquid hydrocarbons with a low boiling point. Flammable gases that do not condense, such as H ₂ and C ₁ -C ₄ hydrocarbons, are fed back to the combustion furnace 10 through a hydraulic shutter 25. Residues obtained after the first cracking are fed into the reactor 26 through the bottom of the first processing chamber 13 for performing a second cracking at a higher temperature. The heat required for this comes with the flow of the obtained gases from the furnace for burning 10. The second cracking is carried out at a temperature of 600-800 ^o With a pressure of 0.02-0.3 MPa. The gaseous products obtained by the pyrolysis reaction during the second cracking rise to a fixed bed installed in the upper part of the reactor 26, where they undergo catalytic cracking using an SR-1 catalyst. The heat required for cracking is retained by the reactor itself. Residues from the second cracking are discharged into the second processing chamber 27 and removed from the reactor 26 by a screw descent device 29 in the bottom of the chamber 27. The gaseous hydrocarbons formed during the second cracking are introduced into the condenser 23 and then into the tank 24 and liquid hydrocarbons with low boiling points. If necessary, the collected liquid hydrocarbons from the first and second cracking are then fractionated.

 The following is an analysis of materials and products.

 Materials (by mass): volatile - 78%, bound carbon - 13.9%, ash - 10.1%.

 Elemental analysis of materials: N - 5.6%, C - 53.1%, N - 8.8%, O - 21.8%, S - 0.6%.

 Products (by weight): hydrocarbons - 28%, gas (hydrocarbons) - 35%, inorganic substances and metals - 16%, moisture - 21%.

Example 2
Spent tires are treated in the same manner as in example 1, except that there is no need for pre-treatment of materials. The processing conditions and its results are given below.

 Materials: tires, 1000 kg.

Conditions:
the temperature of the first cracking 450-600 ^o With
the pressure at the first cracking of 0.08-0.4 MPa,
catalyst for the first cracking SR-1,
the temperature of the second cracking 750-850 ^o C,
the pressure at the second cracking of 0.08-0.4 MPa,
catalyst for second cracking SR-1.

Products:
gasoline - 98 kg (RON 93.5); diesel fuel - 432 kg (cetane number 59, freezing temperature <-20 ^o C); combustible gas (H ₂ , C ₁ -C ₄ ) - 90 kg; steel wire - 60 kg; carbon black - 320 kg (organic matter content <0.1%).

Claims (16)

 1. A method of producing hydrocarbons from household waste or waste and / or waste of organic materials, comprising the steps of loading materials into a horizontal rotary reactor to carry out the first cracking reaction; and loading residues from the first cracking into a screw mixer reactor to effect a second cracking reaction.  2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cracking reaction comprises a pyrolysis and / or catalytic cracking reaction.  3. The method according to claim 1, in which the method further comprises the step of collecting hydrocarbons generated by the reaction.  4. The method according to claim 1, in which the method further includes the step of pre-processing the materials to remove moisture from them. 5. The method according to p. 1, in which the first cracking proceeds at a temperature of 350-600 ^o C, and the second cracking proceeds at a temperature of 600-1200 ^o C. 6. The method according to p. 5, in which the first cracking proceeds at a temperature of 400-500 ^{o C.} , and the second cracking proceeds at a temperature of 600-800 ^o C.  7. The method of claim 2, wherein the catalytic cracking proceeds in the presence of an SR-1 catalyst.  8. The method according to p. 5, in which the cracking reaction proceeds at a pressure of 0.02-0.6 MPa.  9. A device for producing hydrocarbons from household waste or waste and / or waste of organic materials, comprising mainly a horizontal rotary reactor and a reactor with a screw stirrer.  10. The device according to claim 9, further comprising a device for preprocessing materials.  11. The device according to claim 9, further comprising a device for collecting hydrocarbons.  12. The device according to p. 9, in which the horizontal rotating reactor includes a first cylindrical body; a cylindrical gear forming a loop on the outer wall of the cylindrical body; a screw steel strip fixed to the inner wall of the cylindrical body; a loading device mounted at one end of a horizontal rotary reactor; and a first processing chamber mounted on the other end of the horizontal rotary reactor, wherein the screw-type reactor comprises a second cylindrical body, with a first processing chamber connected to one end thereof; a screw mixer mounted in a second cylindrical body; a second processing chamber mounted on the other end of the second cylindrical body; and a screw descent device installed in the bottom of the second processing chamber.  13. The device according to item 12, in which the first and second processing chambers include a fixed layer installed, respectively, in the upper part inside the first and second processing chambers.  14. The device according to item 12, in which the boot device is made of a screw feeder or feeder with a reciprocating mechanism.  15. The device according to p. 12, in which the horizontal rotary reactor also includes a device for internal heating.  16. The device according to claim 10, in which the device for preliminary processing of materials is made in the form of a horizontal screw reactor.