RU2200813C2 - Rescue folding ladder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: life-saving appliances; escape from buildings afire. SUBSTANCE: rescue ladder is suspended from windows; ladder has steps with embossed working surface with outer and inner struts taking-up working load. Some of struts are engageable with steps and other are free to rotate; secured on last step are two ropes with hooks and preventive rings. EFFECT: enhanced reliability. 2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to life-saving appliances, allowing people living in houses, temporarily or permanently, to leave the burning rooms on their own, without waiting for the arrival of the fire department. The ladder can be used in the rescue service, the Ministry of Emergencies as an addition to the existing rescue equipment.

 In fire departments there are several types of manual ladders, for example: ladder-shelf, ladder-attack, retractable three-knee ladder, etc., designed to raise firefighters to the first and third floors [1].

 They can also serve to evacuate people from the second and third floors; the ladder-shelf is folding, it has a hinged mounting of steps, which allows you to fold it, bowstrings (racks) are rigid. A retractable three-knee has three retractable knees equipped with rigid bowstrings (uprights) with steps [2]. The attack staircase does not fold or extend.

 These staircases have the disadvantage that their contact with a bare electric wire, which is energized, is dangerous for the life of a descent or a worker. To install a three-knee retractable ladder, you need at least three people who hold it while the fourth one rises along it. The staircase is cumbersome and cannot be used as an individual life-saving tool for the family, because the staircase must be stored in the apartment so that it can be easily lowered into the window opening in case of fire. These ladders do not have such characteristics, special fire escape (ladders) equipped with retractable ladders (sections), it is not always possible to evacuate people from burning rooms due to the lack of length of the stairs, the inability to drive to the desired window of a burning house, etc. [3].

 Circus, household ladders can not be considered as life-saving appliances, in some cases they can be used to save a person as improvised tools along with such as an ax, knife, shovel, hammer, crowbar, etc.

 The proposed folding folding ladder "Nadezhda" Bulgakova contains the axis-steps, which serve as a support for racks-extensions, allowing you to fold it. Depending on the area and volume of the premises, it can be folded by laying “well”, “roof”, “piles” and the letter G. All these stackings can be placed in the premises lying sideways. The staircase has separate collapsible parts, its length can be increased or decreased.

 Folding rescue ladder consists of axis-steps, which have a relief surface against sliding of arms and legs, external and internal racks-extensions that take up the work load, some of which (external or internal) are fixed with the axis-steps rigidly, which prevents sliding of the hands and legs with the step axis, distance rollers that keep the distance between the step axis and the wall of the building, regardless of the angle of the staircase, two steel cables to secure the stairs in the window opening and safety rings.

 For mechanical descent, the ladder is equipped with a drum on the axles and a one-way worm gear with a manual drive.

 The proposed folding staircase has many advantages: it folds up without taking up much space, for some residential buildings it can be lowered mechanically, the staircase can be easily extended or shortened, it is safe when it comes into contact with a bare wire that is energized if the remote rollers are made of plywood, plastics or other dielectric materials, fixed rigidly to the axis of the steps with external or internal struts-extensions reduce the longitudinal rotation of the stairs and nipples lzyvanie arms and legs with axle-steps.

 After the victims descend the folding ladder, it can be used by firefighters to enter a burning or smoky apartment to extinguish a fire.

 In FIG. 1 shows a front view of a staircase. To reduce the stacking height, the distance rollers are located at the ends of the axis-steps so that they can go behind each other. Stands-extensions - flat, have stiffeners. The staircase is laid in the "well" way.

 In FIG. 2 shows a profile projection of the ladder, as well as its expanded state, fixed in the window opening by means of cables with hooks and safety rings (links) to the pipe.

 In FIG. 3 shows a staircase in working condition, lowered from the window opening of the apartment.

 The folding folding ladder "Nadezhda" Bulgakova contains the axis-steps 1 (Fig. 2), made of elastic metal, such as carbon steel. They have a relief work surface (not shown in the drawing), their ends are cylindrical with threaded threads and holes for cotter pins. The diameter of the grooves of the ends of the axis-steps 1 is consistent with the diameter of the holes of the struts-extensions 2, 3, bushings with protrusions 6, distance rollers 4, washers 7, cable with hooks 5, as well as washer 13. External struts-extensions 3 on one side have a keyway groove. The sleeve with the protrusion 6 is fixed on the axis motionless with the locking screw, and its protrusion enters the keyway of the external strut-extension, which does not allow the axis-step to rotate around its axis. The second end of the external strut-extension is fixed to the remote roller 4 together with the washer 13 by means of two screws. The washer 13 also has a keyway, in which, as in the first case, includes the protrusion of the sleeve 6, which is mounted on the axis by means of a locking screw.

 Internal struts-extensions 2 freely rotate on the axis-steps, which allows you to fold the stairs. At the ends of the axis of the steps, nuts 8 are screwed and cotted. Two cables 5 with hooks 15 with safety rings 14 are fixed on one of the end axes of the ladder, with the help of which it is suspended and fixed in the window opening 9 to the pipe 10.

 To leave a burning, smoky house or apartment, without waiting for firefighters to arrive, it is necessary to bring the rescue ladder to one of the window openings. On the lower step there are cables 5 with hooks 15, by means of which the ladder is attached to the battery or pipe 10, which should be at least a meter longer than the width of the window opening. The free upper end of the ladder is removed from the “stack” or “well”, and under the weight of the axis of steps and stretching racks that straighten and lower, held by hands, the cable 5 should lie on the windowsill 11. Both sides of the stairs are the same, and you can lower it by either side.

 In FIG. 3 shows a window opening 9, a fixing device for the ladder, a pipe 10 located on the inside of the opening. Remote rollers 4 without load may not come in contact with the wall 12.

 The folding folding rescue ladder is in the deployed state (working position). Axis steps simultaneously serve as handrails during descent. You can go down both with small children (in a backpack behind your back), and with adolescents previously insured (safety belts tied to parents) and located between the parents and the stairs during the descent.

 The folding folding ladder does not have to be long, because it will then be bulky and heavy for the upper floors (at the request of the landlord, any length can be made). For nine-story and higher residential buildings, tenants whose apartments are located one above the other, it is enough to have three stairs to three floors (for a nine-story house), lowered from the ninth, sixth and third floors. Residents of apartments of the eighth, seventh, fifth and fourth floors can use these stairs. The prototype is made, tested.

Sources of information
1. A. F. Ivanov, P.P. Alekseev et al. Fire fighting equipment. Fire fighting equipment. Stroyizdat, 1999

 2. Yu. F. Yakovenko, A. I. Zaitsev and others. Operation of fire fighting equipment. Stroyizdat, 1991

 3. The quarterly newsletter "Pozhtekhnika".

Claims (2)

 1. Rescue folding ladder, suspended in window openings and lowered along the walls of residential buildings, characterized in that it contains an axis-steps with a raised work surface, at the ends of which folding external and internal stretching racks that absorb the work load are installed, one of them is rigidly coupled to the axis-steps, others rotate freely, distance rollers are installed on the axis-steps, two cables with hooks and safety rings are fixed on the final axis-step.  2. Rescue folding ladder according to claim 1, characterized in that the ladder for mechanical descent is equipped with a drum mounted on the axles and a single-entry worm gear with a manual drive.

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