RU2274481C1 - Device for emergency lowering from building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: life-saving.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises load-bearing frame, means for receiving payload, and drum provided with the space and rotation axle. The drum is mounted in the housing secured to the load-bearing frame. The device has telescopic beam provided with at lest two sections and means for expanding and locking the sections. The first section has smaller transverse size than that of the second one. The device has main flexible link that passes through the telescopic beam and whose one end is connected with the means for receiving payload and the other end is wound on the drum.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability.

14 cl, 33 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to rescue equipment in emergency situations, namely, devices and systems for emergency descent from the building.

For self-evacuation from rooms located on high floors of the building, various rescue tools are known.

A device for emergency individual descent from the building, JP 59-38163 (3), containing a drum with a cable wound on it, is intended for fastening the straps on the chest. The cylindrical drum is placed in the housing and the system of gears transfers part of the torque that occurs when the cable is reeled up to the brake device. This device consists of several spring-loaded elements mounted on a rotating disk so that under the action of centrifugal forces these elements rotate each around its axis located outside the center of mass of this element. As a result, a part of the working surface of the elements is pressed against the fixed surface of the brake device body, and the rotational speed of the drum with the cable and, therefore, the speed of the cable from the drum (the speed of descent of a person) is stabilized.

A device for emergency descent from the building, CN No. 2184455 Y, in which the braking of the cable on which the cabin with the evacuated people descends is carried out by an electromagnetic brake, the electrical energy for which is generated by an electric generator driven by a rotating drum with a cable through a gear system.

A device for individual descent of a person on the outer surface of the wall of a building is known, CN No. 2155898 Y, which is a seat on which the braking mechanism of the cable is mounted, mounted on a console beam that is pulled out through an open window and mounted on a window sill. By turning the steering wheel, the braking force of the cable passing by the "snake" through many rollers is gradually removed, the joint rotation of which by the envelope of the cable restrains the speed of lowering the seat.

Known emergency descent device from the building, CN No. 2162974 Y, containing installed on each floor devices for folding parts of the outer wall. A worm mechanism is mounted inside the room for tilting this part of the wall and releasing a staircase element, articulated on the outside of the building, all of which elements together form a single staircase and allow people to land. The worm gear in each room on each floor is driven manually.

A device for personal rescue is known, US No. 4653609, by using a mechanism fixed inside the room above the window, which ensures the destruction of the glass pane by the cantilever hook deployed from the storage position. A cable wound on a drum through this hook ensures hanging of a fabric bag-vest outside the window, in which the rescuing person is placed. In this case, the descent speed is regulated by a second rope mounted on the specified device. To save several people who are in the room, the specified device is equipped with a hoist with a manual (chain) and electromechanical drive, by means of which the cable with the bag-vest released from the previous person to be saved is lifted up and the whole cycle is repeated.

A device for emergency descent from the building, US No. 4425982, containing a telescopic boom of a cylindrical shape. When storing an arrow with a mechanism for cantilever mounting and a lifting mechanism, the arrows are, conditionally, under the bed. If necessary, the mechanism for cantilever mounting of the telescopic boom is manually installed and fixed at the window sill. The assembled boom by means of the boom lifting mechanism is mounted in the cantilever mounting mechanism and extends outside the premises with the carriage previously mounted on the boom for attaching the cable with a seat (loop) for a person.

The use of the above emergency descent devices from the building requires the preliminary opening of the window opening both for the installation of these devices and for fixing the rescuing person in them, after he independently crawls out of the window of the room located on a high floor. Opening the window changes the aerodynamic flows in a burning building. This leads to an increase in the flow of oxygen in the combustion zone, intensification of the combustion process and, most importantly, leads to the drawing of smoke, and then the open flame, into other rooms, including the room in which evacuated persons opened the windows. As a result, the process of evacuation from the building is complicated.

The objective of the present invention in terms of the emergency descent device from the building is to eliminate the above disadvantages and facilitate the evacuation process.

The objective of the developed system of emergency descent from the building is to provide the possibility of independent rescue of people who are at the same time in different rooms, located, in addition, on different floors, and to prevent injuries to people by pieces of glass falling from above windows.

The problem in part of the emergency descent device from the building is solved by the fact that the specified emergency descent device from the building contains:

- support and power frame;

- means of placing payload;

- a drum having a cavity and an axis of rotation, the drum being mounted in a housing fixed to a support-power frame;

- a telescopic boom containing at least two links, the first of which has a smaller transverse dimensions, and the last is a large transverse dimensions, a means of retaining the links in the folded position and a means of opening the telescopic boom and fixing it in the open position, while with a free the end of the first link of the telescopic boom detachably connected means for placing the payload;

- means of fastening the telescopic boom, configured to translate the folded telescopic boom from the storage position to a predetermined spatial position to accommodate the payload and carry out the descent, moreover, the specified fastening means is associated with a supporting-power frame;

- the main flexible connection passing through the telescopic boom and connected on one side to the means for placing the payload, and on the other hand, wound on the specified drum;

- means for moving a window or part of the outer wall into the inside of the building to ensure the passage of a telescopic boom that extends with a payload and kinematically associated with the specified means.

The support-power frame contains the upper and lower plates, through the holes in which the anchors fix the plates on the floors of the building. These plates are interconnected by struts, which, in turn, are connected by jumpers. Hinged and flexible connections of the indicated means for fastening the telescopic boom and moving the window or part of the outer wall into the inside of the building, as well as rollers and means for fixing flexible connections, are installed on the support-power frame.

The means for placing the payload is a folding cabin, equipped with folding seats, seat belts, hinged handles and fire and heat protection coating.

Also, a housing is mounted on the support-power frame, in which a drum is installed, equipped with a mechanism for stabilizing the speed of rotation, located in its cavity. In addition, the drum is made in the form of at least two cylinders of different diameters, the main flexible connection being fixed to the cylinder of the smallest diameter and wound in layers, each of which has a substantially cylindrical surface. The main flexible connection is fixed to the cylinder of the smallest diameter through a thimble made on the end of the coil spring pivotally attached to the other end on the specified cylinder and spring-loaded with the free end of at least one additional spiral spring, the other end of which is fixedly mounted on the specified cylinder.

The device also contains a mechanism for stabilizing the speed of rotation of the drum, contains a centrifugal speed controller, perpendicularly mounted on the axis of rotation and kinematically connected to the drum through a booster gear and with brake pads mounted on the specified axis.

The telescopic boom is arranged to extend its links on the rollers. The boom is equipped with a means for fixing the links in the folded position, kinematically connected with the indicated means of moving the window or part of the wall. In the extended position, the telescopic boom is located under the corner 8-12 ° from the horizontal. At least one intermediate link may be installed between the first and last links of the telescopic boom. The means for opening the telescopic boom and fixing it in the open position include upper centering rollers located in the tail of each previous link, lower centering rollers located in the front of each subsequent link, and front and rear side centering rollers, while centering each previous link relative to the next link is provided by the rear side and upper centering rollers of the previous link and the front side and lower centering rollers of the last traveling link. In addition, each previous link has a wedge-shaped emphasis with a cylindrical recess under the lower centering rollers of the next link, and each subsequent link is equipped with a latch for the extended position of the previous link. At the front end of the first link of the telescopic boom, a means for fixing the folding cabin is installed, which is connected via a flexible connection of a fixed length to the last link of the telescopic boom.

The telescopic boom mount means comprises:

- a pivotally articulated lower end on a support-power frame, the upper end of which is connected by a flexible connection to the front of the last link of the telescopic boom;

- flexible connection for fixing the given position of the rotary rack;

- a roller carriage pivotally connected to the rear end of the last link of the telescopic boom;

- a guide for the roller carriage pivotally fixed at the lower end to the support-power frame, having a stop at the upper end for the specified carriage;

- two folding rods, each rod with one end pivotally connected to the upper part of the support-power frame, and the other pivotally connected to the upper end of the specified rail and provided with a straight position lock;

- a stopper for the position of the telescopic boom during storage, connected by a flexible connection with a handle detachably mounted outside the support-power frame.

The means for moving a window or part of the outer wall into the inside of the building to ensure the passage of the telescopic boom that extends with a payload includes means for releasably securing the window or part of the outer wall in the corresponding opening kinematically connected to a lever mounted in front of the last link of the telescopic boom.

In the event that the window opens onto the balcony, the means for moving the window or part of the outer wall into the inside of the building to ensure the passage of the telescopic boom that extends with a payload, further comprises a mechanism for deflecting at least part of the balcony railing inside the balcony area.

The emergency descent system from the building comprises at least one emergency descent device from the building.

Telescopic boom emergency release devices

located on the side of one wall of the building in rooms located one below the other, have horizontal projections that are different in length and / or angle relative to the specified wall to prevent damage to them by means of moving payloads that descend from the higher floors of this building.

The passage of the telescopic boom that extends with a payload outside the building is achieved by releasing the opening in the outer wall immediately before it exits. As such an opening, either a wall or a window opening can be used. In the latter case, the window box in which the glazed window frames are installed is made integral. The fixed part of the window box is fixed in the window opening. The movable part, together with the glazed window frames installed in it, is fixed in the fixed part of the window box by means of clamps. Guides are installed on the sides of the fixed part of the window box, along which rollers mounted on top of the movable part of the window box can move down. Supporting rollers are also located at the bottom of the movable part, by which the process of extending (rolling out) the window box into the interior of the room is facilitated, initially along the windowsill, and then along the floor covering. If part of the outer wall of public or administrative buildings is used for evacuation purposes, a composite box (conditionally - door frame) is also installed in the wall opening, the movable part of which is mounted on the lightened element of the outer wall, if necessary, evacuated (rolled out) into the interior of the building by people. The design of this composite box is similar to the design of the composite window box. In the case of the exit of the window through which the telescopic boom is provided with a folding cabin with evacuated people suspended on it, onto the balcony, balcony railing or some part of it is movable (rotary). At the top, the movable part of the composite balcony railing with spring-loaded clips is fastened to the fixed part of the balcony railing. Single-plane hinges are installed at the bottom, providing a deviation of the movable part of such a composite balcony enclosure inside the balcony area.

The means of moving the movable part of the window / wall box and, in the case of the window opening onto the balcony, deviating the movable part of the balcony railing consists of a shaft mounted on bushings mounted to the bottom of the outer wall inside the room under the released window / wall opening. The shaft is installed in such a way as not to interfere with the extension (rolling out) of the movable part of the window / wall box into the room. The length of the shaft is such that one end of it is also fixed on the sleeve inside the support-power frame. At least three rollers are fixed to the shaft. On one of them, which is inside the volume of the support-power frame, one of the ends of a flexible connection is wound through a roller fixed at the top of the support-power frame. A counterweight is suspended at the other end, the gravity of which is sufficient to carry out the work of pushing the movable part of the window / wall box into the interior of the room and, if necessary, deflecting the movable part of the balcony railing inside the balcony area. In the initial state, in the state of storage of the emergency descent device from the building, the movement of the counterweight down is restrained by a flexible communication latch mounted on a support-power frame. On each other roller, also mounted on the specified shaft, one of the ends of the flexible connections is fixed. The second ends of these flexible connections are fixed to a bar pushing the movable part of the window / wall box. The specified strip is placed below between the fixed and moving parts of the window / wall box. As a result of the rotation of the shaft, flexible connections are wound on the rollers and the bar is moved, and, therefore, the movable part of the window / wall opening is moved inside the room. If the window opens onto the balcony, additional flexible connections are established, passing through the openings under the window in the outer wall, laid along the surface of the balcony area and then through additional rollers rising to the spring-loaded clips that fasten the movable and fixed parts of the balcony fence.

The drum is made of at least two cylinders of different diameters, which are connected by a cone, the angle at the apex of which can be up to 180 °, while the main flexible connection is wound in layers, each of which has a substantially cylindrical surface. The drum braking mechanism comprises a centrifugal speed controller, perpendicularly mounted on the axis of the drum. The specified centrifugal speed controller is kinematically connected via a step-up gear to the drum and, moreover, kinematically, through a system of levers, is connected to brake pads pivotally mounted on fixed racks mounted on said fixed axis so that the plane of rotation of the brake pads is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the drum. The axis of the drum on the spline bushings is fixed in the housing, which can be made frame. The flexible connection exit from the drum body can be arranged by guide rollers.

An emergency descent device, decorated, for example, in the form of a pilasters or cabinet, is installed in the selected room not far from the window or wall opening through which, in case of an emergency, it is planned to carry out emergency evacuation from the specified room. The scope of this pilasters or cabinet can additionally accommodate both personal protective equipment and portable safes for the most important documents and other valuables.

The problem in part of the emergency descent system from the building is solved by the fact that the specified system contains at least one of the above emergency descent devices from the building. In this case, the telescopic booms of emergency descent devices located on the same facade of the building in rooms that are one under the same have horizontal projections relative to the specified wall, different in length and / or angle so that the length of the telescopic booms is greater on higher floors.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings:

figure 1 shows a design diagram of the support-power frame of the emergency descent device from the building;

figure 2 - drum in a frame body with a coiled main flexible connection;

figure 3 is an element of a means for attaching a telescopic boom - a guide for a roller carriage with folding fixing rods;

figure 4 is an element of a means for attaching a telescopic boom - a rotary rack with a counterweight;

figure 5 - telescopic boom in a partially extended state;

figure 6 - means of placement of the payload - folding cabin;

Fig.7 is a vertical section of a part of the outer wall along the window opening with a composite window box installed therein and elements of the window fastening means;

on Fig - means of moving a window or part of the outer wall;

Fig.9 is a General view of the emergency descent device from the building in storage;

figure 10 is a General view of the emergency descent device from the building in the landing position in the folding cabin;

figure 11 is a General view of the emergency descent device from the building in a state of evacuation;

on Fig is a design diagram of a telescopic boom;

on Fig is a diagram of the design of the drum with a braking mechanism stabilizing the speed of its rotation;

on Fig - diagram of the forces arising in the stabilization mechanism of the rotation speed of the drum;

on Fig - a General view of the cavity of the drum mounted on its axis by elements of a mechanism for stabilizing the speed of rotation;

in Fig.16 is a diagram of the mounting of the main flexible connection on the drum and the action of flat coil springs;

on Fig is a General view of the arrangement of the released balcony fencing;

on Fig is a schematic diagram of a means of moving part of the outer wall into the inside of the building;

Figure 19 - Example of calculation of the cab changes the shutter speed V height H _zd building;

in Fig.20 is an example of the placement of emergency descent devices in three-room apartments located on high floors, one under one of one of the building facades;

on Fig - area of application of the emergency descent system from the building.

The emergency descent device from the building (Fig. 1 ÷ 11) contains a support-power frame 1, a telescopic boom 2, means for fastening 3 telescopic booms on a support-power frame 1, means for placing a payload in the form of a folding cabin 4 suspended on a telescopic boom 2 using flexible connection in the form of a main cable 5, wound on a drum 6, is also fixed on the support-power frame 1. In addition, the emergency descent device from the building contains a composite window box 7, which together with the glazed window frames 8 of movable th 9 and fixed 10 parts and means of moving 11 of the window into the interior of the room. Hereinafter, by the term "window" we mean the movable part 9 together with the glazed window frame 8.

The support-power frame 1 (Fig. 1) is intended for the perception of all loads arising both during storage and during the operation of the emergency lowering device, and is fixed with anchor bolts 12 on the floor floors (floor and ceiling). The support-power frame 1 consists of an upper 13 and a lower 14, preferably metal plates interconnected by at least three, preferably metal, power posts 15. In order to give the support-power frame 1 additional rigidity, as well as to fix the elements and nodes of the emergency descent device design, the power racks 15 are fastened together by jumpers 16. A support-power frame 1 is installed near the window or wall opening in the outer wall 17 of the building through which evacuation from this room.

When storing in the volume of the support-power frame 1 using the fastening means 3, the telescopic boom 2 is compactly mounted and mounted on its front, in this case, on the upper, end of the first link 18, cabin 4. Also, the drum housing 19 is installed in the frame volume with the drum 6 wound on the main cable 5. In addition, on the upper 13 and lower 14 plates, on the power racks and on the transverse power jumpers 16, hinges 20, 21, 22 and 23 of the fastening means 3 of the telescopic boom, rollers for flexible connections and clamps are installed. A view of the room with the emergency descent device installed in it in the "Storage" state is shown in Fig. 9, where, as in other figures, the individual structural elements of the emergency descent device are either not shown or are presented conditionally so as not to complicate the reading of a particular drawing, since these elements are revealed in other figures. In the storage state, the support-power frame 1, as well as the individual elements of the means 11, designed to move the movable part 9 of the window box, can be decorated. At the same time, only the handle 24 (conditionally - lever A), detachably mounted on one of the racks 15 of the support-power frame 1 and protected from unauthorized exposure, for example, with a protective glass, remains accessible to people in the room. The impact on the handle 24, on which one of the ends of the flexible connection 25 is fixed. The flexible connection 25 passes through the rollers 26 mounted on the support frame 1, and is fastened to the latch 27, which, in General, is a hook, one end pivotally mounted on the jumper 16 of the support-power frame 1, and the other end hooked on the box of the first link 18 of the telescopic boom 2. The impact on the handle 24 or lever A actually brings the emergency lowering device into working condition for landing in the cabin 4, its further ev Accumulations with the people who are located in it. The length of the flexible connection 25 is such that for its tension by the handle 24 and thereby affecting the latch 27, it is necessary to move away from the window into the depth of the room. This decision was made to ensure the safety of evacuated people when the emergency lowering device is removed from the storage state to a condition suitable for landing in cabin 4. In essence, the boom 2 is in the storage state along with the cabin 4 suspended in the folded at the front end of its first link 18 state, they are pressed with the clamp 27 compactly folded elements of the fastening means 2 of the telescopic boom to the jumpers 16 of the support-power frame 1. The impact on the clamp 27 by stretching the flexible connection 25 handle 24 anyone about who made the decision on emergency evacuation from the room, the latch 27 disengages from the first link 18 of the telescopic boom 2. Then the boom 2 with the suspended cabin 4, as well as other elements of the fastening device 3 of the telescopic boom 2, can be deflected into the room, which leads the device emergency descent into a state that allows landing in the cabin 4, which was opened at the same time (Fig. 10). The transition from the "Storage" to the "Landing" state occurs due to the gravity of the mass of the cabin 4 with the boom 2 and the gravity of the counterweights 28 and 29 of the fastening means 3 of the telescopic boom 2 and takes several seconds. After the evacuated people are seated in the cabin 4, one of them acts on the handle 30, located near the cabin 4 on the front end of the last link 31 of the telescopic boom 2. Flexible connection 32 transfers the action from the handle 30 to the latch 33, which restrained the counterweight 34 moving the window 11. The triggering means of moving the window 11 leads to the expulsion of the movable part 9 into the interior of the room and to the release of the window opening. Further downward movement of the counterweight 34 causes tension of the flexible coupling 35 connecting the specified counterweight to the means for holding the telescopic boom links in the folded state, with a latch 36 mounted on the front end of the last link 31 (Fig. 12). The operation of the specified latch allows the telescopic boom 2 to extend outside the building, carrying at the front end of the first link 18, the cabin 4 detachably fixed by the latch 37 with the people accommodated therein. Thus, as a result of exposure to the handle 30, the emergency descent device transitions from the Landing state to the Evacuation state (Fig. 11).

Telescopic boom 2 (figure 5, 9 ÷ 12) contains at least two links made in the form of a pipe with a rectangular cross section. The first link 18 has minimum cross-sectional dimensions, and the last link 31 is the largest. The number of intermediate links 38 is mainly determined by the ceiling height of the room in which the emergency descent device from the building is installed, and the parameters of the equipment system for this building with the devices in question. Side centering rollers 39 are installed in the rear part of the first link 18 and intermediate links 38, and upper centering rollers 41 are mounted on the cantilever plates 40. Side centering rollers 42 are installed on the front of the intermediate links 38 and the last link 31, and lower ones on the cantilever plates 43 centering rollers 44. Thus, the centering rollers 39, 41, 42 and 44 serve to extend the links without skewing and, therefore, without jamming them when they are pulled out by the telescopic boom 2. Limiting the length by which the links extend 18 rd and 38, by installing the wedge abutments 45 with a cylindrical recess at the lower centering rollers 44. Moreover, the stops 45 reduce the dynamic load when the process is complete extendable units. Each link that extends a structurally predetermined distance is fixed in this position by a spring-loaded latch 46.

The telescopic boom 2 is mounted on the supporting-power frame 1 as follows (Fig.3, 4, 9 ÷ 11). The front part of the last link 31 is connected by a flexible connection (suspension) 47 to the upper end of the rotary rack 48, the lower end of which is fixed by a two-plane hinge 22 on the lower plate 14 of the support-power frame 1. One end of the flexible connection 49 is also fixed on the upper end of the rotary rack 48 , on the other end of which a counterweight 29 is suspended. A flexible connection 49 passes through a roller 50 mounted on a jumper 16 mounted under the top plate 13 of the support-power frame 1. When the rack 48 is deflected into the interior, the counterweight 29 rises and abuts They go to the indicated jumper 16. Thus, the angle of deviation of the rotary rack 48 into the room is limited by the length of the flexible connection 49. To reduce the dynamic load on the jumper 16 from the impact of the rising counterweight 29, designed to balance the masses deflecting on the rack 48, at the mount communication 47 with the counterweight 29 can be installed spring damper 51.

The tail portion of the last link 31 of the telescopic boom 2 is made in the form of a power plate 52, along the perimeter of the reinforced along the cross section of the box of the last link (Fig.5, 12). Two holes are made in the plate 52, in one of which, with the possibility of rotation around its own axis, a cylindrical rod 53 is mounted. The specified rod is connected by a single-plane hinge to a rod 54 installed in a roller carriage 55 moving along the guide 56. The rod 54 also has the ability to rotate around its own axis in the mounting location on the roller carriage 55. The guide 56 single-plane hinged support 23 is mounted on the bottom plate 14 of the support-power frame 1. The upper end of the guide 56 is equipped with a stop 57 for a roller carriage 55, which can be spring loaded to cushion the shock of the carriage 55, which rises up the guide due to the gravity of the counterweight 28. In addition, the upper end of the guide 56 is also connected to the upper plate 13 of the support frame 1 using two folding rods 58 and 59. Each of the rods 58 and 59 is connected at one end by hinges 20 and 21, respectively, to the upper plate 13 of the support-power frame 1, and the other end is pivotally connected to the upper end of the guide 56. In the middle part of each of the folding bars of the mouth Credited odnoploskostnaya hinges on the pair 60 so that the opposite ends of the rods are closed. In the unfolded state, to ensure a rectilinear position, each of the said rods 58 and 59 is equipped with clamps 61, in the form of a segment of a hollow cylinder (pipe), which, under the action of the springs 62 from one of the halves of the folding rod, pushes against the other 63. In this case, the specified pair of hinges enters the inside of the cylindrical retainer 61, the inside, the inlet of which is tapered to facilitate the thrust process.

This solution means fastening 3 of the telescopic boom 2 provides the most rigid fixation of the last link 31 and, therefore, the entire telescopic boom during the descent of the cabin 4 with evacuated people. This rigidity of the fastening is determined by the fact that, in fact, the elements of the fastening means 3 and the link 31 themselves create two trihedral pyramids in the space of the room, one of which, formed by the guide 56 with two folding rods 58 and 59, rectilinearly fixed by the latches 61, provides support to the rod 53 mounted in the tail of the boom. Another pyramid formed by the rotary column 48, a piece of flexible connection 49 and the actual link 31, is the support of the front end of the link 31 (Fig.11). In the operating position, the strut 48 experiences mainly compressive forces, while the flexible coupling 49 and link 31 experience tensile forces. In addition, a bending load acts on the link 31, which causes the guide 56 to stretch and create compression forces on the folding rods 58 and 59.

In the storage position, the rack 48 with the boom 2 and the cabin 4 mounted on it, as well as the guide 56 with the rods 58 and 59 when folded, are compactly located in the volume of the support-power frame 1 in such a way that both the guide and the rack are pressed against the jumpers 16 boom 2. A folding cabin 4 outside covers all the elements of the emergency descent device. The telescopic boom 2 is held in the storage position by a latch 27, one end of which is pivotally fastened with a jumper 16. The other end is hooked over the edge of the box of the first link 18 and a flexible link 25 passing through the rollers 26 mounted on the supporting-power frame 1 is connected to the handle 24 The handle 24 is located outside the decorative coating of the emergency descent device under conditions that do not allow unauthorized exposure to it, for example behind a protective glass, similar to how a fire alarm button is protected.

The dimensions of the above-described fastening elements of the telescopic boom 2 on the support-power frame 1 are chosen so that in the working position the last link 31, and therefore all links of the telescopic boom 2, are inclined at an angle of 8-12 ° from the horizontal. As a result, with this position of the boom 2 and in the case of release by the retainer 36 of the flexible connection 64, one end of which is fixed to the front end of the first link 18 of the telescopic boom 2 and the other free end is clamped in the retainer 36, its links 18 and 38 are extended under the action of their own weight and the weight of the cabin 4 (figure 5, 10 ÷ 12).

At the front end of the first link 18 of the telescopic boom 2, a folding cabin 4 is detachably fixed (Fig. 6). It can be made of plates pivotally interconnected so that two plates 65 and 66 form the side walls of the cabin 4. Plate 67 and a pair of plates 68 and 69 form the ceiling, and the lower pair 70 and 71 form the floor of the cabin 4. Plates 65 and 67 are pivotally interconnected. In addition, the plate 67 is connected through the middle hinge axis 72 to the plates 68 and 69 so that the parts of the plate 67 below the middle axis 72 extend beyond the planes of the plates 68 and 69. Such a hinge connection of the plate 67 with the plates 68 and 69 while raising the middle axis 72 prevents them from kinematically turning upward, since the plates 68 and 69 are also pivotally connected to the side plate 66 having a rectangular cutout 73. The side plates 65 and 66 are pivotally connected to the lower plates 70 and 71, respectively, which, in turn, are interconnected a middle hinge 74. The hinge joint between a plate 70 and 71 is configured similarly to the compound of ceiling plates so that a portion of the top plate 71 of the middle hinge axis 74 covers the plate 70. As a result of this swivel plates 70 and 71 can not be turned out kinematically down. With this articulation, the plates 70 and 71 can be folded upward, occupying the bottom space between the adjacent side plates 65 and 66, and the plate 67 together with the plates 68 and 69 can be folded downward, occupying the top space between the plates 65 and 66. The ends of the hinge axes fastening a side plate 66 with a plate 71 and, similarly, a plate 65 with a plate 67, are connected by a flexible connection with a length equal to the length of the flexible connection between the ends of the hinge axes connecting the plates 65 and 70 and, similarly, 68 and 69 with 66 (not shown conventionally). Such a cross-shaped intersection by flexible connections of diagonal hinge axes creates the rigidity of the cabin 4 in the unfolded state. Thus, the design of the cabin 4 and the conditions for its fastening are such that, from the folded state, it is able to open under the influence of its own weight for landing people in it.

The notch 73 in the side plate 66 and the gap between the ceiling plates 68 and 69 allows the cab 4 to be fixed to the upper median hinge axis 72 at the front end of the first link 18 of the telescopic boom 2 in a compactly folded state. The middle axis of the hinge 72 serves, in addition, to fix on it both the main cable 5, on which the cabin 4 with evacuated people falls down, and to engage the latch 37, by means of which the cabin is kinematically connected with the front end of the first link 18 of the telescopic boom 2 during storage, in the process of landing people in the cabin 4 and in the process of moving the links 18 and 38 out of the building into the previously released window (wall) opening 75. The latch 37 is fixed on the same axis 76 with the output roller 77, intended for passage main cable 5, and can be rotated on it (figure 5, 11, 12). The axis 76 with cantilever plates 78 is fixed on the front end of the first link 18 of the telescopic boom 2. This solution ensures the vertical position of the folded folding booth 4 when changing the position of the telescopic boom 2 in the space of the room and holding the folding booth 4 during lateral vibrations. In addition, this additional fastening of the folding cabin 4 on the telescopic boom 2 facilitates the self-extension of the links of the telescopic boom 2. By a flexible connection 79, the latch 37 is connected to the last link 31 of the telescopic boom 2 so that, as a result of the extension (rolling out) of each of the links 18 and 38, the length , structurally specified by the position of the stops 45, the flexible connection 79 is stretched and, turning the latch 37 on the axis 76, pulls (discards) the axis of the middle hinge 72 of the cabin 4. As a result, the cabin 4 is disconnected from the boom 2 for its ormozhennogo descent the main rope 5. Formed wherein the tension cable 5 passing, including those within all parts of the telescopic boom 2 from the input roller 80 to output roller 77 pulls the links, causing them to emerge (to roll) into each other. This is not only hindered by the forces generated in the cylindrical recesses of the stops 45 from the lower centering rollers 44 which are sunken in them. The spring-loaded clamps 81 also prevent the reverse movement of the upper centering rollers 41. The latches 81 mounted in the opening of the box 38 and link 31 rotate freely on the axes 82 fixed outside the link box. The latches 81 are located in the gaps between the links. A flat spring 83 installed outside the box prevents the latch 81 from falling out. When the link extends, the upper centering rollers 41 are rolled onto the locks 81, depressing the springs 83. Further movement of the link until it stops at the stop 45 causes the latch 81 to fall into the inside of the box so that the possible movement of the link in the opposite direction will be stopped (Fig.12).

In total, the plates 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70 and 71 form two side walls, the floor and the ceiling of the folding cabin 4. These plates can be made of a metal sheet with a heat and flame retardant coating or in the form of a frame covered with fire and heat protective material. The two remaining side walls are made of heat and flame retardant fabric or film, fixed around the perimeter so as to provide entry and then exit of people from the cab. For a long and fairly comfortable sitting position, for example, four people, a volume of the order of (1.350 × 1.350 × 1.350) mm ^{3 is} sufficient, which is commensurate with the volume of the passenger car. In the event of an emergency and short (up to 4 minutes) time spent in a folding cabin 4 with the indicated dimensions, a larger number of people and cargo can be accommodated if necessary. Actually, the dimensions of the cabin 4 are determined in each case for each type of room, location of the emergency descent device and the dimensions of the released window or wall opening. The dimensions of the cabin 4 and, consequently, the largest mass of the lowering payload (for this case, the number of people accommodated in the cabin) also depend on the maximum permissible loads on the structural elements of the building in which the emergency lowering devices are mounted,

On the side walls 65 and 66, the reclining seats 84 can be fixed, fitted with strong fabric. In addition, seat belts 85 and hinge arms 86 are fixed in the cab volume, helping people to sit in cab 4 during landing and lock themselves in the process of evacuation. After landing in the cab 4, the side cutout 73 in the plate 66 and the gap between the plates 68 and 69 allow one of the 4 people in the cab to grab the handle 30 mounted on the front end of the last link 31 of the telescopic boom 2 in order to pull the flexible communication 32 and thus act on the latch 33 of the means of moving the window 11.

People located in a descending cabin 4 may have to move through an area of intense smoke and even an open flame escaping from the lower floors of the building. Heat- and fire-retardant coating of cab 4 will protect people from short-term high-temperature exposure. However, in order to increase the safety of the evacuation process, personal protective equipment from carbon monoxide, etc., can be additionally placed in the cabin 4. collisions with fences erected during long-term storage of the emergency descent device or other structures or with cars standing near the house, in the cabin 4 an additional rope ladder or other descent device can be placed.

A housing 19 with a drum 6 installed therein is also fixed on the supporting-power frame 1 (Fig. 9 ÷ 11). The drum is made of at least two cylinders of different diameters, mated to each other by a conical surface, the angle at the apex of which can be 180 ° (Fig.13 ÷ 15). The main flexible connection 5 is fixed on the cylinder with the smallest diameter and wound in layers, each of which has a substantially cylindrical surface. A mechanism for stabilizing the speed of rotation is installed in the cavity of the drum, which contains a step-up reducer, a centrifugal regulator of rotation speed of the drum, mounted on the axis 87 and kinematically connected with the brake pads 88. A gear wheel 90 is mounted on the cover 89 covering the cavity of the drum 6. Cover 89 on the bearing 91 is mounted on the axis 87 and is fixed on the flange 92 adjacent to the cylindrical part of the rim 93 of the drum with a maximum diameter. On the axis 87 is perpendicularly mounted to the body 94 of a centrifugal speed controller. The sensitive elements of this regulator are four weights 95 mounted on the free ends of the levers 96, the other ends of which are pivotally mounted on a stationary sleeve 97, sitting on one end of the shaft 98 of the centrifugal regulator. At the other end of the shaft 98 is a gear 99, which engages with the gear wheel 90. The shaft 98 is mounted in the housing 94 on the bearings 100. The gear pair 90 and 99 form a single-stage gearbox, by means of which the speed of rotation of the drum ω ₁ increases to a speed of rotation ω ₂ shaft 98. Thus, the gear ratio of the specified gearbox will be n _p = ω ₂ / ω ₁ . For the purpose of increasing the gear ratio n _{p, the} installation of an additional gear pair is allowed, i.e. the use of a two-stage boost gear.

The kinematic connection of the centrifugal speed controller with the brake pads 88 is such that a movable sleeve 101 is mounted on the shaft 98, on which the levers 102 are pivotally mounted, which in turn are also hinged with the levers 96 of the centrifugal speed controller. A plug 103 is mounted inside the outer groove in the sleeve 101, mounted on a long stem 104 so that the movement of the sleeve 101 along the shaft 98 leads to the movement of one of the ends of the lever 105, the articulated support of which is fixed on the axis 87. The other end of the lever 105 has an enhanced effect on the short the rod 106 installed in the jumper 107, rigidly fastening the lower parts of the struts 108 to each other. At the upper ends of the struts 108 the upper parts of the brake pads 88 are pivotally fixed. Below the lower parts of the pads 88 are moved in the plane of rotation of the upper hinges s limited by the lateral faces of the uprights 108 and is carried out by the movement of the spacer arms 109. One end of each of the spacer arms 109 is pivotally connected to the lower part of each of the brake pads 88. The other ends are interconnected so that their hinge axis 110 moves under the action of the moving a short rod 106 in the groove made in the jumper 107. In the middle part of the rack 108 are fixed on the axis 87 so that the plane of movement of the pads 88 is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the drum 6. The lower parts of the brake pads 88 p the rifles 111 are pressed against the uprights 108, thereby providing free rotation of the drum 6 on the axis 87.

The force of the springs 111 kinematically by a system consisting of spacer levers 109, a short rod 106, a lever 105, a long rod 104 and a fork 103 presses the movable sleeve 101 from the stationary sleeve 97, thereby attracting the weights 95 to the axis of rotation of the shaft 98 of the centrifugal controller. The rotation of the drum 6 due to the unwinding of the main flexible connection 5, accelerated by the gearbox (wheel 90 - gear 99), causes the shaft 98 to rotate, which, under the action of centrifugal forces, causes the weights 95 to diverge from the axis of rotation and, accordingly, to move the sleeve 101 with force F ' _control This movement, reinforced by a system of levers consisting of a lever 105 (F _cfr > F ' _cfm ) and spacer levers 109, creates a braking force F _brakes with which the brake pads 88 are pressed from the inside by the friction linings 112 to the cylindrical part of the rim 93 (Fig. 14) just like this happens in the braking device of many types of cars. The braking moment created as a result reduces the winding speed of the main flexible connection 5, which leads to a decrease in the rotation speed ω ₁ . Then the rotation speed of the shaft 98 - ω ₂ decreases and, accordingly, the force F ' _control decreases, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the braking moment created by the pads 88, and the winding speed of the main flexible connection 5 increases. This is the process of braking, or rather the process of stabilizing the speed of rotation of the drum 6.

All elements of the mechanism for stabilizing the rotation speed of the drum 6 mounted on the axis 87 are installed in the cavity of the drum and are closed by a lid 89, which is fastened to the flange 92 so that only both ends of the axis 87 with splines protrude (Fig. 15). A bearing 114 is also mounted in the second flange 113, fixed from the smallest diameter of the conical part of the rim 93. In addition, the flange 113 has a plate-like reinforcement 115, since the spacer force of the multi-turn winding of the main flexible connection 5 may be sufficient to squeeze and deform the flange 113 in the process of winding the main flexible connection 5 with a force commensurate with the total gravity of the cabin 4 and the evacuated people accommodated in it.

The forces arising from the interaction of the brake pads 88 with the inner surface of the rim 93, are perceived by the axis 87 mounted on a spline fit in the bushings 116, mounted on the housing 19 (figure 2, 9 ÷ 11, 15, 16). As a result, the power load arising in the process of stabilizing the speed of rotation of the drum is transmitted to the structure of the support-power frame 1 and then to the floors of the building.

On the cylindrical part 117 of the drum 6 with a minimum diameter, a flat spiral spring 118 is pivotally fixed, at one end of which a hole is made in the form of a thimble for fastening the main flexible connection 5 (Fig. 16). The second end of the flexible connection 5 is fixed on the axis 72 of the cab 4. The bend of one of the ends of the flat coil spring 118 enters the cylindrical groove in the cylindrical part 117 so that the rod 119, without interfering with the rotation of the spring 118, prevents it from falling out of the cylindrical groove made in the body of the cylindrical part 117, with a dynamic load caused by the completion of the winding process of the main flexible connection 5 from the drum 6. Installation of the spiral spring 118 is advisable for the case of a planned stop (along the structural length of the connection 5) lowering yuscheysya cab 4 evacuates people in it at a certain height above ground level. Then, as a result of the complete unwinding of the main flexible connection 5, the coil spring 118 damps the arising dynamic forces. To increase the stiffness of the coil spring 118, at least one additional flat coil spring 120 can be fixed on the cylindrical part 117 of the drum 6 with a minimum diameter, which compresses the spring 118 with its free end from above. Figure 16 shows a solution for installing three additional coil springs 120 which together work like a spring. The fastening of the additional springs 120 is carried out, for example, by installing the correspondingly curved end of the spring 120 in the groove made in the cylindrical part 117.

In the case of the use as the main flexible connection 5 of a steel cargo cable, for example, according to GOST 3081-69, its fastening on the coil spring 118 is carried out, for example, by curved planks 121. In this case, it becomes necessary to protect the subsequent sections of the cable 5 from clutch from the first turn with curly planks 121 when winding the cable onto the drum 6 with a predetermined force. For this purpose, a metal protective strip 122 is mainly installed on the free end of the coil spring 118, which is made with a hole for the cable, the width of which mainly coincides with the width of the cylindrical part 117 of the drum with a minimum diameter. As a result, with effort, the winding sections of the cable that follow after the first turn lie so that they do not engage in the curly planks 121 and, accordingly, when the cable 5 is completely smeared, it does not get trapped, which in the worst case can cause the cable 5 to break and at least cause the coil springs 118 and 120 to fail.

In the volume of the support-power frame 1, elements of the means for moving the movable part 9 of the composite window box 7 are also placed, as a result of which the window opening 75 is released in the outer wall 17 of the room with the emergency descent device in question (Fig. 7 ÷ 11). These elements include a counterweight 34 on a flexible coupling 123 passing through a roller 124 suspended on a transverse power bridge 16 under the ceiling at the top plate 13 of the support-power frame 1. The other end of the flexible coupling 123 is wound on a roller 125 mounted on one of the shaft ends 126, which is fixed in the room on the outer wall 17 under the window opening 75. On the same shaft 126 are fixed rollers 127, on which, when the shaft 126 is rotated, flexible ties 128 can be wound, fixed to the push bar 129. The push bar 129 is located at the bottom of the composite window timid 7 between its stationary 10 and moving 9 part. As a result of the tension of the flexible coupling 32, the latch 33 releases the flexible coupling 123, thereby allowing the counterweight 34 suspended at one end of the flexible coupling 123 to fall down. At the same time, the other end of the flexible connection 123 begins to roll off from the roller 125, driving the shaft 126, the flexible connection 128 starts to wind on the rollers 127 of which the flexible connection 128 is transmitted to the bar 129, which affects the bottom of the movable part 9 of the composite window box 7 As a result, the window is pushed into the inside of the room, thereby freeing the window opening 75 to extend the telescopic boom 2 from the building outside the building with a cabin 4 with evacuated people suspended on its first link 18.

In the event that the window opening intended for evacuation enters the balcony, the balcony railing is made integral so that its movable part 130, pivotally mounted on the balcony slab 131, is able to deviate through the hinges 132 into the inside of the balcony area (Fig. 17). The width and installation location of the movable part 130 of the balcony fence is determined by the extension conditions (horizontal projection of the angle of removal of the telescopic boom 2, the trajectory of the cab 4) and the geometric dimensions of the cabin 4. The movable part 130 of the balcony fence with spring-loaded latches 133 is detachably fastened to the fixed part 134 of the balcony fence. From one of the rollers 127 or from an additional roller installed between them, the flexible connection 135 through the hole in the outer wall 17 goes to the balcony area and is fixed in the middle part of the flexible connection 136, in the tension state of the connecting valve 133. The rotation of the shaft 126 leads to winding on the roller 127 flexible connection 135. In this case, the tension of the flexible connection 136 affects not only the spring-loaded valves 133 and disengages the movable part 130 of the balcony guard from the fixed part 134, but also creates a force that contributes to the deviation of the movable part 130 inside the balcony area. To ensure reliable operation of the valve 133 and flexible connections 135 and 136 can be decorated with protective plates, the hole in the outer wall 17 under the flexible connection 135 is insulated. The flexible connection 135 is moved along the rollers 137 installed indoors in front of the communication passage 135 and at the free end of the balcony slab 131 at the bottom of the movable part 130 of the balcony enclosure.

высоты окна. Поскольку рассматриваемое устройство экстренного спуска является устройством одноразового действия, т.е. после эвакуации всех лиц, находившихся в данном помещении, и завершения экстремальной ситуации, принудившей совершить экстренную эвакуацию, в помещении и даже, возможно, в здании производится восстановительный ремонт, то разрушаемое остекление оконных рам 8 не составляет проблем, главное состоит в том, что остекление разрушается внутри помещения, не причиняя вреда людям внизу здания.The fixed part 10 of the composite window box 7 is fixed around the perimeter of the window opening 75 (Fig.7). The fastening of the movable part 9, in which the glazed window frames 8 are installed, is carried out, for example, by side rollers 138 that can move down two guides 139, fixed on the sides of the fixed part 10 of the composite window box 7. Support rollers 140 are installed at the bottom of the movable part 9, providing horizontal movement of the bottom of the movable part 9. The free movement of the support rollers 140 is restrained by flat steel springs 141, partially bent up so that the operation of the window does not lead to extension odvizhnoy part 9 of a window box. Installed at the bottom between the movable 9 and the stationary 10 parts, the push bar 129, on which the flexible connections 128 are fixed, transfers the force developed by the counterweight 34 when the fixer 33 releases the flexible connection 123 to the bottom of the movable part 9 and forces the support rollers 140 to roll and wring the springs 141. This ensures the movement of the bottom of the movable part 9 on the rollers 135 initially along the plane of the windowsill, and then after falling on the floor and on the floor surface. At the same time, the top of the moving part 9 on the rollers 138 is lowered along the guides 139. The length of the guides 139 from the top of the fixed part 10 of the composite window box 7 is determined by the kinematics of the extension of the movable part 9, its fall on the floor and further inertial movement into the interior of the room and does not exceed

window heights. Since the emergency descent device in question is a single-use device, i.e. after the evacuation of all persons who were in the given building and the completion of the emergency situation that led to an emergency evacuation, the building is repaired and even possibly in the building, then the destructible glazing of window frames 8 is not a problem, the main thing is that the glazing collapses indoors without harming people below the building.

h. При этом наружу помещения будет свешиваться не более

h, что при равномерно распределенной плотности материалов стены 142 по ее поверхности определяет устойчивое положений облегченной подвижной части 142 стены внутри помещения. С тем, чтобы указанная часть стены не заклинилась, длина направляющих 139 должна не превышать

h.In the case of using a movable, lightweight part 142 of the outer wall 17 for evacuation, the structural solution of the means for moving the 11 part of the outer wall into the inside of the building is basically the same as presented above (Fig. 18). The lightweight portion 142 of the outer wall is installed in the wall opening 75 on the support rollers 140. At the top, it is installed in the rails 139 so that the side rollers 138 provide tight hold for the insulation strip installed along the perimeter of both the wall and window openings (not shown conditionally) , and their movement downward when the wall opening 75 is released. The day the actuating means for moving the 11 parts of the outer wall are activated, as well as in the case of moving the movable part 9 of the window box, the counterweight gravity 34 is used suspended from a flexible connection 123, the free end of which is covered by the latch 33. The impact of one of the evacuated people from the cab on the lever 30 extends the flexible connection 32, and the latch 33 releases the flexible connection 123. As a result, the counterweight 34 starts a free fall down, limited by the guides 143, fixed in the volume of the support-power frame 1. In addition, in the guides 143 on the rollers 144 the upper end of the rod (connecting rod) 145 is movably mounted, the other end of which is deflected into the volume of the support-power frame 1, pivotally connected to the lever gom 146. The lever 146 is rigidly fixed on the shaft 126 so that the movement in the guides 143 of the upper end of the rod 145 on the rollers 144 under the influence of the gravity of the counterweight 34 causes the rotation of this shaft 126. This will turn the levers 147, also rigidly fixed on the shaft 126. Deviation the upper ends of the levers 147, movably fastened with hooks 148 mounted at the bottom of the movable part of the wall 142, will extend the bottom of the movable part 142 of the wall on the support rollers 140 into the interior of the room. A shaft 126, mounted in this case under the bottom of the movable part of the wall 142, is mounted on brackets 149 on the inner surface of the outer wall 17 of the room, similarly to fastening if the window opening 75 is used for evacuation. Thus, the bottom of the movable part of the wall 142 begins to move inside the room , and its top on the side rollers 138 along the guides 139 will be lowered. In the storage state, the upper position of the upper end of the rod 145 in the guides 143 is detachably fixed, for example, with a check, which is cut off when the counterweight 34 is hit. This position of the rod 145 provides a fixation of the movable element 142 of the wall in the wall opening. The height h of the moving part of the wall is always less than the height H of the room, i.e. the distance from the floor of the room to its ceiling. The location of the support rollers 140 across the thickness of the movable part 142 of the wall is preferably at the smallest distance from the outer (street) surface of the wall. Therefore, as the bottom of the movable part 142 of the wall moves into the interior of the room, the bottom of the outer edge of this wall will begin to slide over the floor surface. In other words, the rolling of the indicated part of the wall on the floor on the support rollers 140 is completed, and it begins to slide on the surface of the floor. In this case, the friction force can become so large that the indicated part of the wall will stop moving. The location of the support rollers 140 in the closest proximity to the outer surface of the wall 142 ensures the extension of the wall into the interior to a depth of not less than

h. At the same time, no more than

h, that with a uniformly distributed density of materials of the wall 142 over its surface determines the stable position of the lightweight movable part 142 of the wall indoors. So that the indicated part of the wall does not jam, the length of the guides 139 must not exceed

h.

Bringing the emergency lowering device into working condition should be preceded by the release of the window / wall opening and some space in front of it from furniture or other objects capable of preventing the movement of the pushed movable part 9 of the window / wall opening and the deployment of the cabin 4 with the boom 2 indoors . Following this, people who find themselves in an extreme situation and decide to hastily leave the room using an emergency descent device remove the restrictions on unauthorized access to the handle 24 (for example, they break the protective glass) and, pulling into the room, pull on a flexible connection 25. At the same time, it falls off the decorative coating of the support-power frame or this coating is removed previously manually, depending on the type and design of this coating - imitation of the cabinet, imitation of the coating of the pilasters, etc. The tension of the flexible connection 25 through the rollers 26 mounted on the support-power frame 1, brings the hook of the latch 27, pivotally mounted on one of the transverse power jumpers 16 of the support-power frame 1, out of engagement with the front end of the first link 18 of the telescopic boom 2. previously pressed to the jumpers 16 arrow 2 with a swivel stand 48 are able to deflect into the interior of the room, since their center of mass and mass of the cab 4 detachably fixed on the arrow 2 are located further into the interior of the room compared to the location of the double speed hinged support 22. The initial deflection of the rack 48 is facilitated by the fact that during storage, the counterweight 29 rested on the bottom plate 14 of the support-power frame 1. As the angle of the deflection of the rack 48 inside the room increases, the flexible connection 49 stretches and begins to lift the counterweight 29. As a result the balancing mass of the counterweight 29 begins to reduce the angular velocity of the deflection of the rack 48. The horizontal projection of the angle of the deflection of the rack 48 inside the room is limited by two stops 150 so that the boom 2 suspended on a flexible connection 47 for the upper The rack counter 48, and the cabin 4, which is detachably fixed on the boom 2, did not touch the outer wall and did not fall behind the guide 56 during the deflection to the inside of the room. The counterweight 29 raises the lifting height of the counterweight 48 so that, at a given deflection angle, flexible the connection 151, one end mounted on the counterweight 29, and the other on the latch 152, structurally made similar to the latch 36 (Fig.12). Moreover, in the latch 36, which is controlled by a flexible link 35, the flexible link 64 is clamped, and the latch 152 holds the flexible link 153 connecting the counterweight 28 and the roller carriage 55 mounted on the rail 56, and is controlled by the flexible link 151. During storage, the counterweight 28 suspended under the top plate 13 of the support-power frame 1 on a flexible connection 153 thrown at the top through the roller 154. The flexible connection 153 then goes down to the rollers 155 mounted on the bottom plate 14 of the support-power frame 1, and goes along the guide 56 to the roller 156 mounted on top m at the end of the guide 56. Around the roller 156, the flexible coupling 153 is lowered along the guide 56 and secured to the roller carriage 55, during storage of the guide 56 located below, as the lower support of the boom 2. Release of the flexible coupling 153 by the latch 152, as well as the deviation into the room cabin 4, which restrained during storage the upper part of the guide 56 from deviation into the interior of the room, leads to the fact that the gravity of the counterweight 28 raises the carriage 55 up the guide 56, which deviates into the interior of the room in the direction by the turning plane of the single-plane hinged support 23. The folding rods 58 and 59 begin to straighten and, turning in the hinges 60 until the latch 61 (hollow cylinder) is pushed through the hinges 60 to the stop 63 from one half of the rod to the other through the hinges 60 occupy a rectilinear position. In the space of the room, the rods 58 and 59, fixed on the support-power frame 1, together with the guide 56 form a trihedral pyramid, in one of the vertices of which the rear end of the boom 2 is fixed so that it is higher than its front end. Then the boom in the space of the room occupies an angle from 8 to 12 ° to the horizontal, and the cabin 4, mounted on the front end of the first link 18, takes such a place in front of the window that the displayed boom links can take the cabin out of the window. Fastened to the support-power frame 1 of the rack 48, a piece of flexible connection 49 between the mounting point on the rack 48 and the roller 50, as well as the last link 31 of the boom 2 also form another trihedral pyramid in the space of the room. Thus, the two attachment points of the last link 31 of the telescopic boom in its working position for landing in the cabin and evacuation are actually fixed at the vertices of two trihedral pyramids formed by elements of the attachment means 3. As a result, the most rigid fixation of the arrow in the space of the room is ensured.

Now, the cabin 4, revealed under the action of gravity of its elements, is at a certain height from the floor of the room. Using room furniture (a chair, a stool, a table), the persons in this room are placed in a cabin 4 on the folding seats 84, fix themselves by means of seat belts 85 and, holding onto the loop handles 86, cover the side side through which the fireproof fabric was made landing. In this case, individual means of carbon monoxide protection, which can be equipped with an emergency descent device, are used both before landing and after being placed in the cabin 4. The rectangular cutout 73 in the side plate 66 and the gap between the plates 68 and 69 of the ceiling of the cabin 4 allow or reach the handle 30 mounted on the front end of the last link 31 of the telescopic boom 2.

The impact on the handle 30 leads to the fact that the flexible connection 32 opens the latch 33, mounted on the power rack 15. The design of the latch 33 is similar to the design of the latch 36. As a result, released from the latch 33, the flexible connection 118 allows the counterweight 34 to begin to move down, which, in its in turn, the shaft 126 is forced to rotate. The rotation force of the shaft 126 leads to the winding of the flexible links 128 onto the rollers 127 and to the extension of the pushing bar 129, which leads to the rolling of the support rollers 140 onto the flat springs 141. As soon as I overcome the force of the springs 141, the bottom of the movable part 9 of the composite window box 7 will slide along the window sill and fall on the floor of the room, and the top of the movable part 9 will fall on the rollers 138 down the guides 139 and as a result the window opening will be freed up for the passage of the cabin 4.

Further downward movement of the counterweight 34 will lead to the tension of the flexible link 35 and the release of the latch 36 mounted on the front end of the last link 31 and holding the segment of the flexible link 64, mounted on the front end of the first link 18 of the telescopic boom. The release of the flexible connection 64 allows the first 18 and intermediate 38 links of the telescopic boom 2 to roll out from each other and from the last link 31 under the influence of the gravity of the cabin 4 and the people placed therein and under the influence of the own gravity of the links. The gradually increasing extension speed of the previous link somewhat slows down as a result of the fact that its wedge-shaped stop 45 runs into the lower centering roller 44 of the next link. The surviving part of the kinetic energy of the movement of the previous link is transferred to the next link, stimulating the beginning of its extension, and so on until all the links roll out to a structurally predetermined length. In the process of extension of the links, a flexible connection 79 is drawn, which, when the telescopic boom 2 is assembled, was compactly located in the grooves of the straps 157 in the form of the so-called “parachute laying” (Fig. 12) on the last link 31 of the boom 2. For this reason, in the moment of extension of all links of the telescopic boom 2 to a predetermined length and at the same time the flexible connection 79 is completely pulled out of the strips 157, the preserved kinetic energy of the links and the cabin movement pulls the detent hook 37, releasing the axis 72 of the middle ceiling joint nira cab 4 from the drive connection with the boom 2. In this cab 4 is suspended on the main flexible coupling 5 and begins to descend sustained therein, and a flexible tension force arising 5 creates communication between the inlet 80 and the outlet rollers 77 force arrows detaching units. In order to prevent this process, in addition to the locking forces that occur in the lower centering rollers 44, which are sunk into the cylindrical recesses of the stops 45, spring-loaded clamps 46 are installed on each subsequent link, which prevent the backward movement of the upper centering rollers 41 of each previous link.

The tension force of the main flexible connection 5 in the area between the output roller 158 of the housing 19 of the drum 6 and the input roller 80 of the boom 2 creates a force that does not coincide with the vertical plane of symmetry of the rectangular section of the box of the last link 31 of the telescopic boom 2. Rotating the arrow along the axis of symmetry of the rectangular section of the box leads to increase the load on the side centering rollers 39 and 42. In order to reduce this load, the roller 80 is mounted on a rotary sleeve 159, which is pivotally mounted on a cylindrical rod 53.

The magnitude of the loads arising in the region of the suspension 47 connecting the boom 2 with the rotary column 48 is quite large, therefore, a bandage 160 is installed on the box of the last link 31.

As the cabin 4 is lowered and the flexible connection 5 is reeled off from the drum 6 due to the use of a centrifugal speed controller (94 ÷ 102), the speed of which is increased by the gearbox (90, 99) and which is kinematically controlled by a system of levers (105 and 109) and rods (104 and 106) is associated with brake pads 88, a stable drum rotation speed is provided.

To assess the dimensions of the drum and the parameters of the rotation speed stabilization mechanism, we considered the conditions for lowering a mass of 1.000 kg from a height of 450 ÷ 650 m, where a flexible steel cable with a diameter of about 8 mm was used as a flexible connection 5. The initial descent speed was selected in the range of 4 ÷ 6 m / s, which corresponds to the allowable range of landing speeds of the paratrooper. Then the diameter of the cylindrical part of the drum should be approximately 500 mm, the width of the drum is at the level of 230 mm, and the minimum diameter of the rim is 160 mm. Such parameters are determined by the permissible conditions of the thermal braking mode, since almost all the kinetic energy of the cabin with people is converted on the surface of the material of the friction linings 112 of the brake pads 88 into heat. Initially, the cable (flexible connection 5) is wound from the rim 93 with the largest radius of turns. The speed V of the cabin descent or the linear speed of the cable winding v _tr at a constant speed ω _{1 of} rotation of the drum is directly proportional to the instantaneous radius of the winding or the radius of the still wound cable winding R:

V = v _Tr = ω ₁ × R.

Changing the speed of descent V cab height H _zd building drum to selected geometric parameters are presented in Table №1 and 19. As a result of the calculation, it was obtained that the adopted geometric parameters of the shape of the rim 93, the parameters of the flexible connection 5 and the operation of the stabilization mechanism of the rotation speed provide the speed of completion of the descent of the cabin no more than 1.3 m / s This speed is higher than the permissible speed of a passenger elevator of 0.33 m / s, determined by the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia. However, in an extreme situation, to which, of course, the use of the emergency descent device under consideration for the evacuation of a group of people whose life and health is in mortal danger, the completion of the descent of the cabin at a speed of ~ 1.3 m / s seems permissible. Processing of filming materials for the descent of the cabin showed that the speed of completion of the descent does not exceed 0.5 m / s.

The dynamics of the descent of the cabin is such that at the initial moment of descent, the cabin 1 has lateral vibrations that occurred during the extension of the links of the boom 2 when the cabin 4 is removed from the room. A sufficiently rapid increase in the length of the flexible connection 5, on which the lowering cabin 4 is suspended, reduces the oscillation frequency while maintaining the amplitude. In this case, the elastic connection of the cabin 4 with the means of fastening the boom 2 on the support-power frame 1, consisting of elastic changes in the length of the flexible connection 5, the degree of deflection of the telescopic boom 2, elastic deformations of the boom fastening elements (mainly: 48, 49, 56, 58 and 59), leads to the appearance of longitudinal vibrations. In this case, the rigid feedback between the speed of the descent of the cabin (more precisely, the speed of rotation of the drum with the cable) and the speed of rotation of the shaft 98 of the centrifugal controller does not help to eliminate these longitudinal vibrations of the cab 4. The variety of installation conditions for the emergency descent device and, therefore, the variety of operating conditions of the specified oscillatory system may require the use of a mechanism that damps fluctuations in the cable runaway speed, which are widely used in various kinds of belt drives, for example, in the form of a single o or more rollers mounted on a spring-loaded support in the volume of the support-power frame.

A prototype of the emergency descent device from the building was made and installed in a room located on the 5th floor (floor mark +18 meters above ground level) of an industrial building. His work was debugged and preliminary tests of the process of bringing the device into working condition and the process of evacuating the cabin with a load weighing up to 350 kg were carried out.

For the emergency evacuation of one person or group of persons from a room located on a high floor of a building, by means of an emergency descent device, it is necessary:

➀ - to free from the furniture and other objects the established area of the room near the emergency descent device, as well as to free the window sill or wall element through which evacuation is provided from foreign objects;

➁ - by means of the handle 24 (conditionally - lever A), gradually moving into the depth of the room, tighten the flexible connection 25 and disengage the hook of the retainer 27 from the mesh with the first link 18 of the telescopic boom, which will bring the device into working condition for landing in the cab that opens when it opens (the opening time of the emergency descent device takes within 6-10 seconds);

➂ - with the help of furniture in the room, sit on the folding seats 84 and fix your position inside the cabin 4 using seat belts 85 and / or hand loops 86, close the entrance to the cabin with fire-retardant cloth and pull the lever 30 (conditionally - lever B ) for evacuation from the premises. As a result, the window (and part of the balcony railing) or part of the wall extends into the interior of the room and in the telescopic boom that has been freed up in the wall, the cabin will be pulled out, which will detach from the boom and, on flexible connection 5, will smoothly sink to the ground;

➃ - leave the cabin, which descended to the ground.

Thus, from the above description of the emergency descent device from the building, it follows that the present invention comprehensively provides:

- compact installation and storage of the device in this room until it is used;

- protection against unauthorized use (as a result of childish pranks, exposure to criminal persons, etc.) by applying any of the existing forms of access protection to the handle 24 (to the lever A);

- the simplicity of the actions taken to bring the device from a state of long-term storage to the state of landing of evacuated people in a cabin opening in this room, which is closed on all sides by fire and heat-protective fabric;

- the independence of the process of taking the cabin with evacuated people to the outside wall of the building and lowering the cabin to the ground from the actions of persons located in the cabin, curtaining the inlet with a fireproof cloth and acting on the handle 30 from the inside of the cabin (on lever B);

- protection of evacuated persons and a minimum of material assets (total weight in the vicinity of 600 kg with an internal cabin volume of approximately 1350 × 1350 × 1350 mm ³ sufficient to accommodate 6 people) during descent (evacuation) from the outside of the building from short-term exposure to open flames escaping from the windows of rooms located on the lower floors;

- the independence of the use of the device by people in this room from the actions of the rescue services and the actions of people in neighboring rooms both on this floor and on other floors of the building (entrance);

- independence of the possibility of rescuing people from a given building from changes that occurred in the area under the windows of this building from the moment of installation of the emergency descent device to the moment of its use, in case of organization of a cabin stop at a height of 2-5 meters from the ground.

The task in terms of the emergency descent system from the building is solved by the fact that in various rooms located on different floors of the building, at least one emergency descent device is installed. At the same time, telescopic booms 2 of emergency descent devices installed in rooms located not only on one side of the building, but also one below the other, have horizontal projections relative to the specified wall with different lengths and / or angles of the cabin 4. Constructively due to changes in length fully extended telescopic boom, and horizontal projection of the angle of the cabin 4 for each cabin is achieved by providing an individual landing place. Such a technical solution is feasible, firstly, due to the extension of the telescopic boom extension lengths of emergency descent devices mounted in rooms located on higher floors than on the lower ones. Technically, with equal lengths of individual links 18 and 38, this can be achieved, for example, by changing not only the distances between the stops 45 and the rollers 41, but also by changing the number of intermediate links 38 in the telescopic boom. Secondly, the change in the geometric characteristics of the elements of the mounting means 3 arrows on the support-power frame 1 allows you to change the horizontal projection of the angle of the cabin 4 on the boom 2 relative to the outer wall.

The implementation of the emergency descent system by placing several emergency descent devices in a number of rooms of a particular building consists in the fact that, based on the results of the analysis of the building structure, operational characteristics of the rooms located on high floors, and other data, a project is being developed for the placement of emergency descent devices in this building . Within the framework of the project under development, for each of the building facades are determined:

- the smallest floor in the premises of which it is advisable to install emergency descent devices;

- a way to complete the descent of the cabin (to the ground or above the ground) from the specific facade of the building, based on the state of the landscape at a distance of not more than 30 m from the outer wall and its arrangement (trees, fences, parking lots, temporary or permanent extensions, etc. .);

- premises, the external walls of which constitute the building’s facade and in which it is advisable to install emergency lowering devices due to the long stay of groups of people in them;

- the number of people constantly staying in the premises selected for the installation of emergency descent devices;

- characteristics of each of the selected rooms for determining the number of emergency lowering devices mounted in it and selecting a window opening for the removal of the cabin by each of the lowering devices or the possibility of creating a wall opening for the designed building;

- locations of emergency descent devices in each of the selected rooms;

- other characteristics.

As a result, for each of the emergency descent devices installed in each of the premises, geometric and strength characteristics are set:

- folding cab 4;

- telescopic boom 2;

- elements of the fastening means 3 telescopic boom;

- a composite window box 7 and, if necessary, a balcony fence 133 or a lightweight element 142 of the outer wall 17;

- the length of the flexible connection 5 wound on the drum 6.

Other design parameters of emergency descent devices remain virtually unchanged.

The possibility of independent use of each of the emergency descent devices installed in various rooms of the building provides for the possibility of their independent installation time, but within the framework of the project developed for this building.

As an example, FIGS. 20 and 21 show a possible embodiment of the emergency descent system for three-room apartments located one under one on different floors of one of the facades of a residential building. It is assumed that in three-room apartments there can always be no more than 6 people. The height of the ceilings is not lower than 2.750 mm, the width of the rooms along the facade is at the level of 4.000 mm. Such geometric characteristics of the premises make it possible to ensure removal through the window openings 75 of the cabin 4 on the boom 1 at two different angles in the horizontal plane. With the overall dimensions of the cabin 4 at the level of 1.350 × 1.350 × 1.350 mm ^{3, the} smallest distance of its removal from the surface of the outer wall 17 lies within 1.500 ÷ 2.000 mm. The extension of the extension can be performed in increments of, for example, 2,000 mm. The longest extension of cab 4 on telescopic boom 2 is limited by a distance of approximately 24,000 mm. This distance is determined, first of all, by the structural and strength capabilities of the telescopic boom 2. The issues of ensuring the bearing capacity of building elements are not addressed here. Then it turns out that through one window opening 75 a telescopic boom 2 can be extended with a cabin 4 in 2 directions. The number of windows in a three-room apartment is not less than 3. Therefore, by installing in each of the apartments located one below the other, one emergency descent device with the same cabin removal distance, evacuation from apartments located on 6 floors is ensured. For another group of similar apartments located on other 6 floors, the removal distance will increase by another 2.000 mm. Thus, within the framework of the considered example, it seems possible to provide emergency descent devices for three-room apartments, located one under one, on 72 high floors (2 boom exit angles from one window opening × 3 windows in each apartment × 12 options for cab removal over distances from 2.000 to 24.000 mm in increments of 2.000 mm = 72 floors).

The floors of a residential building, considered as an example of the application of an emergency descent system for it, can conditionally be grouped into three zones (Fig. 21). People who are at the time of an emergency on the lower floors of the building located above ground level, tentatively, up to 10-12 m, are able to leave the building independently and fairly quickly. We assign these lower floors to the I-th zone. From rooms located at an altitude of 27-30 m, there is a high probability of evacuating people with the technical means of urban rescue services. This is the II zone, which, in general, includes premises located in the I zone. The evacuation of people from rooms located above 30 m requires city rescue services to use heavy equipment, which is not always fully available, and high efficiency for its timely arrival and deployment to working condition. Therefore, premises located above 30 m above ground level constitute the 3rd zone. The rooms in which emergency descent devices are installed with the same cabin removal distance from the external wall are conventionally combined into subgroups: III ₁ , III ₂ , ..., III _i , ... and III _n . If, within the framework of this example, apartments located above the 10th floor will be equipped with emergency descent devices, then the Emergency Descent System can be applied to 82-story buildings.

Thus, the emergency descent system:

- contains a set of at least one of the above emergency descent devices;

- Allows for any time sequence of installation of emergency descent devices in various rooms located on different floors of a particular building, provided that the lengths and angles of telescopic boom extension in the horizontal plane of all the descent devices installed in this building are consistent with each other within the framework of a single building project

- preferably, the telescopic arrows of the descent devices located on the side of one wall of the building have different lengths and different angles relative to the specified wall in the horizontal plane so that unobstructed descent of the cabins from the above rooms located one under one is ensured, so that the arrows that extend from above located rooms, have a longer length than arrows extending from rooms located below.

Claims (14)

1. The emergency descent device from the building, including power support frame means of placing payload; a drum having a cavity and an axis of rotation, the drum being installed in a housing fixed to a support-power frame; a telescopic boom containing at least two links, the first of which has smaller transverse dimensions, and the last has large transverse dimensions, means for holding the links in the folded position and means for opening the telescopic boom and fixing it in the open position, with a free end the first link of the telescopic boom is detachably connected means for placing the payload; means for attaching a telescopic boom, configured to translate a folded telescopic boom from a storage position to a predetermined spatial position for placing a payload and launching, said means of attachment being connected to a support-power frame; the main flexible connection passing through the telescopic boom and connected on one side to the payload placement means, and on the other hand wound on said drum; means for moving a window or part of the outer wall inside the building to allow passage of a telescopic boom that extends with a payload and kinematically associated with the specified means. 2. The device according to claim 1, in which the support-power frame contains the upper and lower plates connected by racks with jumpers and fixed in the room on the floors of the building. 3. The device according to claim 1, in which the means of placing the payload is a folding cabin. 4. The device according to claim 1, in which the drum is equipped with a mechanism for stabilizing the speed of rotation, located in its cavity. 5. The device according to claim 4, in which the drum is made in the form of at least two cylinders of different diameters, the main flexible connection being fixed to the cylinder of the smallest diameter and wound in layers, each of which has a substantially cylindrical surface. 6. The device according to claim 5, in which the main flexible connection is fixed to the cylinder of the smallest diameter through a thimble, made at the end of the coil spring, pivotally mounted at the other end on the specified cylinder and spring-loaded with the free end of at least one additional spiral spring, the other end which is fixedly mounted on the specified cylinder. 7. The device according to claim 4, in which the mechanism for stabilizing the rotation speed of the drum contains a centrifugal speed controller, perpendicularly mounted on the axis of rotation and kinematically connected to the drum through a booster gear and with brake pads mounted on the specified axis. 8. The device according to claim 1, in which the means for opening the telescopic boom and fixing it in the open position contains upper centering rollers located in the rear of each previous link, lower centering rollers located in the front of each subsequent link, and front and rear side centering rollers, while the centering of each previous link relative to the next link is provided by the rear side and upper centering rollers of the previous link and the front side and lower the centering rollers of the next link, in addition, each previous link has a wedge-shaped emphasis with a cylindrical recess under the lower centering rollers of the next link, and each subsequent link is equipped with a latch for the extended position of the previous link. 9. The device of claim 8, in which the telescopic boom is arranged to be located at an angle of 8-12 ° from the horizontal. 10. The device according to claim 1, in which the fastening means of the telescopic boom contains a pivotally articulated lower end on a power support frame, the upper end of which is connected by a flexible connection to the front of the last link of the telescopic boom; flexible connection for fixing the given position of the rotary rack; a roller carriage pivotally connected to the rear end of the last link of the telescopic boom; a guide for the roller carriage pivotally fixed at the lower end to the support-power frame, having a stop at the upper end for the specified carriage; two folding rods, each rod being pivotally connected to the upper part of the support-power frame at one end and pivotally connected to the upper end of the guide rail with the other end and provided with a straight position lock; a stopper for the position of the telescopic boom during storage, connected by a flexible connection with a handle detachably mounted outside the support-power frame. 11. The device according to claim 1, in which the means of moving the window or part of the outer wall inside the building to ensure the passage of a telescopic boom that extends with a payload, comprises means for releasably attaching the window or part of the outer wall in the corresponding opening, kinematically connected with a lever mounted in front of the last link of the telescopic boom. 12. The device according to claim 11, in which, in the case of a window opening onto the balcony, the means for moving the window or part of the outer wall inside the building to allow the telescopic boom to extend with the payload, further comprises a mechanism for deflecting at least part of the balcony enclosure inside the balcony platforms. 13. An emergency descent system from a building, comprising at least one emergency descent device from a building according to any one of claims 1-12. 14. The system according to item 13, in which the telescopic booms of emergency descent devices located on the side of one wall of the building in rooms located one below the other have horizontal projections that are different in length and / or angle relative to the specified wall to prevent damage to funds moving payloads descending from the higher floors of this building.

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