RU2273796C1 - Method of incineration of solid waste - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: incineration of waste.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises supplying solid waste to the heat-treating chamber on the fire grate inclined to horizontal plane, heating waste until the waste become to be rendered harmful, removing harmless waste, incinerating gas products generated during heating at a temperature of 1000-1200°C. The solid waste is heated by means of torches produced by gas burners arranged in the vertical plane.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability and environmental protection.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for thermal disposal of industrial waste and can be used in chemical, petrochemical, metallurgical, radio engineering and other industries.

The closest technical solution to the invention is a method for thermal neutralization of solid waste, including feeding them into the heat treatment chamber on a grate, located at an angle to the horizontal plane, followed by heating until neutralization, removal of neutralized waste, thermal neutralization of the gaseous products formed by heating - flue gases at a temperature of 1000-1200 ° C (Russian patent No. 2232348, CL F 23 G 7/00, 2002).

However, the known technical solution does not provide complete neutralization of solid waste, which leads to environmental pollution.

The present invention is to increase the safety of the disposal of solid waste and the prevention of environmental pollution.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the method of thermal neutralization of solid waste, including feeding them into the heat treatment chamber on a grate, located at an angle to the horizontal plane, followed by heating to neutralization, removal of the neutralized waste, thermal neutralization of the gaseous products formed during heating - smoke gases at a temperature of 1000-1200 ° C, heating of solid waste is carried out by torches of gas burners located in a vertical plane with a longitudinal pitch, ra 1-1.2 distance from the mouth of the torch to the surface of the waste perpendicular to the last, thermal neutralization of gaseous products is carried out by sending them tangentially to the cyclone furnace, in which the torch torch is axially placed, while the angle of the grate of the grate relative to the horizontal plane is not more than 10 ° .

The drawing schematically depicts an installation operating according to the proposed method.

The installation contains a chamber (furnace device) 1 with a movable chain grate 2 straight forward, located at an angle of no more than 10 ° C to the horizontal plane, gas burners 3, feed hopper 4 with a screw feeder, discharge hopper 5. The neutralized waste is cooled by nozzle 6 with a mechanical spray. To neutralize the exhaust gases, a cyclone furnace 7 with a burner 8 is installed, connected in series with a lined gas duct 9 with a scrubber-cooler 10, a Venturi scrubber 11 and a smoke exhauster 12.

The method is as follows:

Solid waste contaminated with harmful substances from the hopper 4 with the help of a screw feeder is fed into the furnace on a movable grate 2, the speed of which is continuously adjustable between 0.8-17 m / h. The operating temperature of heat treatment is ensured by burning natural gas in gas burners 3. During the time the waste is in the combustion chamber, it heats up to a temperature above the temperature of desorption of harmful substances; desorption for a given time; burning of harmful substances and organic impurities.

When decontaminating building debris contaminated with the VX poisoning agent, the time spent on the grate is 40 minutes, while the debris is heated to the desorption temperature ОВ - 550 ° С for 20 minutes.

Neutralized waste is removed through the discharge hopper 5 and cooled by a nozzle 6 with mechanical spraying.

Organic impurities contained in the flue gases discharged from the furnace are neutralized in a cyclone furnace 7. Flue gases are fed into the chamber through the upper tangential inlet. The heating of gases is carried out up to 1200 ° C.

If a salt melt appears, it is periodically withdrawn to a separate tank, for which the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 1000 ° C.

The neutralized flue gases are cooled in a scrubber-cooler 10 to a temperature of 82 ° C due to evaporative cooling, after which they enter the Venturi scrubber 11. In the Venturi scrubber 11, the flue gases are purified from mineral substances by washing the cleaned flue gases with brine. The cleaned flue gas by the exhaust fan 12 is transported into the chimney.

Heating of solid waste carried out by torches of combusted fuel, located in a vertical plane with a longitudinal pitch equal to 1-1.2 of the distance from the mouth of the torch to the surface of the waste fed perpendicular to the latter and the supply of waste at an angle of not more than 10 to the horizon provides complete neutralization of solid waste from harmful substances and heat treatment of the resulting gaseous products in a cyclone furnace and a high degree of flue gas purification provide emissions of harmful substances within the established standards.

Claims (1)

The method of thermal neutralization of solid waste, including feeding them to the heat treatment chamber on a grate, located at an angle to the horizontal plane, followed by heating until neutralization, removal of neutralized waste, thermal neutralization of gaseous products - flue gases formed during heating - at a temperature of 1000-1200 ° С characterized in that the heating of solid waste is carried out by torches of gas burners located in a vertical plane with a longitudinal pitch equal to 1-1.2 distance Nia torch from the mouth to the waste surface perpendicular to the latter, thermal disposal of gaseous products is carried out by directing them tangentially into the cyclone furnace, wherein a burner torch axially, wherein the angle of inclination of the grate relative to the horizontal plane is not more than 10 °.