RU2110655C1 - Modular system of construction framework - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction engineering. SUBSTANCE: modular system of construction framework intended for erection of dwelling and public buildings has rods which are connected to each other at points of crossing and creating three-dimensional geometric figures. Figures are made in the form of parallelepipeds with right angles, trihedral prisms and pyramids. Ribs of figures are created by rods and are of length l, l12,

Description

 The invention relates to the construction and can be used in the construction of low-rise buildings (cottages, rural residential buildings, public buildings, recreational, social, cultural, domestic, sports purposes, industrial and storage facilities, garages, baths, etc.).

 Known spatial modular building system, made in the form of block modules having a plan view of a sector of the circle, and in vertical section - a C-shaped cross section. Block modules are assembled on a round foundation around a central element, joining each other with their side faces and forming a building round in plan [1].

 The disadvantage of this system is its rigidly defined structural scheme, which does not allow diversifying the buildings being built in this system.

 A greater variety of buildings can be obtained by a modular system according to the technical solution [2], in which the building is erected in the form of modular volumetric elements of square cross-section, installed at a certain distance from each other and combined with each other by crossing vertical diaphragms forming inter-apartment corridors. The gaps between the modular volumetric elements have external walls and ceilings.

 The described technical solution is suitable for multi-storey residential buildings, however, in such buildings it is impossible to place institutions, for example, physical education or industrial purposes, since the premises of the building have a closed limited volume.

 A vaulted structure formed on prefabricated flat or spatial elements of the same size is also known. The design is based on the foundation. It is made along the length of alternating differently high sections with mutual fastening of adjacent sections by means of connecting elements made in the form of braces, constructions and / or / flexible cords [3].

 This design, although it allows you to cover significant spans of the premises, however, its drawback is the tight limitations of the combinations of volumes that can be joined together and, as a result, a very narrow circle of the functional suitability of the structure.

 Closest to the invention is the spatial frame of the building, made in the form of modules formed by vertical gratings connected by transverse continuous rods. Lattices are made of inclined rods forming quadrangular cells with horizontal connections and connecting elements with holes for passing transverse continuous rods and bolts [4].

 The spatial modular framework of the described construction solves well the problems of building buildings on slopes, fitting into the terrain and redistributing the load from the ground part of the building to its foundation, however, as in the case of the analogue [3], the range of functional applicability and the variety of this applicability in such a framework are very limited .

, где l - длина максимального ребра параллелепипеда, входящего в модульную систему. При объединении геометрических фигур друг с другом своими гранями или ребрами каждый из образующих эти грани или ребра смежных стержней принадлежит одновременно каждой из объединенных фигур. Параллелепипеды с прямыми углами, входящие в модульную систему, имеют соотношение ребер 1:1:1, или 1:1/2:1, или 1:1/2:1/2, или 1/2:1/2:1/2, или

, или

. Трехгранные призмы имеют соотношение ребер

или

или

или

или

или

или

или

или

или

Пирамиды имеют соотношение ребер и высот

или

или

или

, где 1/2 - высота пирамиды, или

, где 1 - высота пирамиды, или

или

или

, или

Сопоставительный анализ предлагаемой модульной системы каркасного здания с прототипом показывает, что она отличается, во-первых, ограниченным количеством первичных элементов -стержней, длина которых имеет четко выраженную математическую зависимость от базового стержня, определенного длиной максимального ребра, параллелепипеда, входящего в модульную систему, и, во-вторых, - большим разнообразием образованных этими стержнями объемных фигур при резком ограничении типов этих фигур: параллелепипед с прямыми углами (как частный случай - куб), трехгранная призма и пирамида. При этом ребра одной из объемных геометрических фигур, образующих каркас здания, сочетаются по длине с соответствующим ребром других геометрических фигур.The objective of the invention is the creation of a modular building frame system, consisting of a minimum number of elementary parts assembled into modulated simple volumetric geometric shapes that are adaptable to the assembly and give the building, structure or parts thereof commensurability. This problem is solved due to the fact that the modular building frame system contains rods connected to each other at the intersection points, forming geometric volumetric figures made in the form of a parallelepiped with right angles, trihedral prisms and pyramids. Volumetric figures are formed by rods whose edges are of length

where l is the length of the maximum edge of the parallelepiped included in the modular system. When combining geometric shapes with each other with its faces or edges, each of the edges and adjacent edges forming these faces or edges belongs to each of the combined shapes at the same time. Parallelepipeds with right angles included in the modular system have an edge ratio of 1: 1: 1, or 1: 1/2: 1, or 1: 1/2: 1/2, or 1/2: 1/2: 1 / 2, or

, or

. Trihedral prisms have an edge ratio

or

or

or

or

or

or

or

or

or

Pyramids have a ratio of edges and heights

or

or

or

where 1/2 is the height of the pyramid, or

where 1 is the height of the pyramid, or

or

or

, or

A comparative analysis of the proposed modular system of the frame building with the prototype shows that it differs, firstly, in a limited number of primary elements - rods, the length of which has a pronounced mathematical dependence on the base rod, defined by the length of the maximum rib, parallelepiped included in the modular system, and secondly, a wide variety of volumetric figures formed by these rods with a sharp restriction of the types of these figures: a parallelepiped with right angles (as a special case, ), Triangular prism and pyramid. In this case, the edges of one of the three-dimensional geometric figures forming the building frame are combined in length with the corresponding edge of other geometric figures.

 The comparison allows us to conclude that there is a sign of novelty in the present invention.

 Comparison of the proposed modular frame with other well-known technical solutions of the same purpose show that the proposed modular frame with its limited number of volumetric geometric shapes of the rods allows you to get a wide variety of structural solutions of buildings and structures: from the simplest pitched shed to the tent church with a bell tower, refectory and gulbishche . It should be borne in mind that the proposed modular building frame system is a purely engineering solution and does not fall within the scope of Clause 3, Article 4. Patent Law of the Russian Federation. This comparison indicates the industrial feasibility of the invention, allowing to obtain a previously unknown effect.

или

Аналогичный подход применяется к образованию трехгранных призм, однако в этом случае, помимо равнобедренных призм, можно получить призмы с прямоугольными треугольными основаниями, если все грани призмы (за исключением одной) расположены в плоскостях, параллельных плоскостям куба. В образовании трехгранных призм участвует помимо ребра 2, половины 3 ребра диагонали 4, соединяющей середины двух перекрещивающихся ребер, также диагонали 5 грани 6 куба 1, половины 7 диагоналей 5, а также диагонали 8, соединяющие в плоскости грани 6 куба один из углов с серединой противолежащего ребра. Таким образом, можно получить 10 модификаций призм с соотношением ребер

или

или

или

или

или

или

или

или

или

При образовании третьей группы объемных геометрических фигур-пирамид можно получить 11 модификаций пирамид, часть из которых, имеющая минимум две грани, расположенные в плоскостях, параллельных плоскостям основного куба, имеют как минимум по две взаимно перпендикулярные грани. В образовании этой группы участвуют дополнительно диагонали 9, соединяющие точку 10 пересечения диагоналей 5, расположенных на одной грани 6 куба 1, с одним из противолежащих углов 11, а также диагонали 12, соединяющие точку 10 с серединой 13 противолежащей грани, и диагонали 14, расположенной между точкой 15 пересечения диагоналей (не показаны) куба и точкой 13 и диагоналями 16, расположенными между точками 15 и 11. Соотношение ребер и высот в пирамидах равно

или

или

или

, где 1/2 высота пирамиды, или

, где 1 - высота пирамиды, или

или

или

.In FIG. 1 shows the formation of volumetric frame elements in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds; in FIG. 2 - the formation of volumetric frame elements in the form of trihedral prisms; in FIG. 3 - the formation of the volumetric frame elements in the form of pyramids; in FIG. 4 - connection node of the volumetric frame elements; in FIG. 5 - application of a spatial modular system in a residential building; figure 6 - the use of spatial modular system in a public building;
The basis for the construction of volumetric geometric shapes that make up the modular building frame system is a cube 1 with a length of rib 2, conventionally taken as a unit. Derived rectangular parallelepipeds are formed by using half 3 of the length of an edge 2 of cube 1 and by constructing a parallelepiped on diagonals 4 connecting the midpoints of two intersecting edges 2 of the main cube 1. Thus, six modifications of rectangular parallelograms with an aspect ratio of 1: 1: 1, or 1 are obtained: 1/2: 1, or 1: 1/2: 1/2, or 1/2: 1/2: 1/2, or

or

A similar approach is applied to the formation of trihedral prisms, but in this case, in addition to isosceles prisms, it is possible to obtain prisms with rectangular triangular bases if all the faces of the prism (except for one) are located in planes parallel to the planes of the cube. Apart from rib 2, half 3 ribs of diagonal 4, connecting the midpoints of two intersecting edges, also diagonals 5 of face 6 of cube 1, half of 7 diagonals 5, and also diagonal 8, connecting one of the corners with the middle in the plane of face 6 of the cube, is involved in the formation of trihedral prisms opposite ribs. Thus, you can get 10 modifications of prisms with the ratio of the edges

or

or

or

or

or

or

or

or

or

When the third group of volumetric geometric pyramid shapes is formed, 11 pyramid modifications can be obtained, some of which having at least two faces located in planes parallel to the planes of the main cube have at least two mutually perpendicular faces. In the formation of this group, diagonals 9 are additionally involved, connecting the intersection point 10 of diagonals 5 located on the same face 6 of cube 1, with one of the opposite angles 11, as well as diagonals 12, connecting the point 10 with the middle 13 of the opposite face, and diagonal 14, located between the intersection point 15 of the diagonals (not shown) of the cube and point 13 and the diagonals 16 located between points 15 and 11. The ratio of edges and heights in the pyramids is

or

or

or

where 1/2 is the height of the pyramid, or

where 1 is the height of the pyramid, or

or

or

.

 The connection of the rods with each other in the case of their manufacture from wood can be performed as follows.

 At the ends of the 17 rods, cuts 18 of different configurations are formed: in the vertical rods-racks 19 they have the form of through slots 20, and in the horizontal 21 and inclined 22 bar-rails these slots 23 have a wall 24 inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the rod. In the slot 20 of the vertical rods -stands 19 are inserted flat metal or plastic plates 25, on the cantilever protruding parts 26 of which are supported by horizontal 21 and inclined 22 beam rods when the frame is assembled with slots 23. To fix the rods and the plate 25 relative to each other in the working position, these elements have horizontal holes 27 into which the latches 28 are inserted during the assembly of the frame.

 Obviously, if the frame is made of rolled steel, the connection of its elements may be different, more appropriate for the material used, for example, on bolts or welding, this does not affect the essence of the structure.

 Using the proposed modular building frame system, it is possible to build houses with a variety of functional purpose and architectural embodiment of this purpose, starting from the simplest shed with a single-pitched roof and ending with such complex structures as the Orthodox Church with a tented bell tower and gulbish, and from civil public buildings clubs, cafes, etc.

 In addition to the described prismatic, pyramidal and parallelepipedal frameworks, octahedral, hexahedral, rhombic, and the like frameworks can be obtained using the elements already mentioned. forms. So, shown in the drawing, the tent 29 of the church 30 is made of a rhombic frame.

 The use of a modular frame system allows to establish the manufacture of frame elements in the factory, greatly simplifying the technology of their processing and assembly at the facility.

Sources of information
1. US patent N 4612741, NKI 52-79.4, 1986.

 2. USSR author's certificate N 1747651 of 1992, class. E 04 H 1/00.

 3. RF patent N 2016967 class. E 04 B 1/32, 1994.

 4. Copyright certificate of the USSR N 1597435, cl. E 04 H 1/00, 1990, prototype.

Claims (2)

1. A modular building frame system comprising rods connected to each other at intersections forming geometric volumetric figures, characterized in that the geometric volumetric figures are made in the form of parallelepipeds with right angles, trihedral prisms and pyramids, the edges of which are formed by rods of length

where l is the length of the maximum edge of the parallelepiped included in the modular system, and when combining geometric figures with each other with its faces or edges, each of the adjacent edges forming these faces or edges belongs simultaneously to each of the combined figures. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the parallelepipeds with right angles included in the modular system have an edge ratio of 1: 1: 1, or 1: 1/2: 1, or 1: 1/2: 1/2 , or 1/2: 1/2: 1/2, or

or

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the trihedral prisms included in the modular system have a ratio of ribs

or

or

or

or

or

or

or

or

or

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyramids included in the modular system have a ratio of edges and heights

or

or

or

where 1/2 is the height of the pyramid, or

where 1 is the height of the pyramid, or

or

or

or

e

Images