RU2193676C2 - Rotary piston internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines. SUBSTANCE: proposed engine has housing with rotors rotating of shaft. According to invention, rotors are made in form of disks secured on shaft. Radial slot is made on one or disks of larger diameter. Depth of slot steplessly increases from zero value of maximum value on first half of arc of circumference and gradually decreases from maximum value to zero value on second half-of arc. Combustion chamber is made in form of coaxial outer, middle and inner cylinders nested one inside the other. Outer cylinder is divided by plane into semicylinders first of which is rigidly secured in housing and second one being simultaneously a piston, is located in slot of larger diameter rotor for displacement relative to first semicylinder to provide adjoining of inclined bottom of second semicylinder to base of rotor slot. Middle cylinder and inner cylinder installed for rotation are provided with ports to let in working mixture into combustion chamber and bypass ports to discharge burning working mixture. EFFECT: reduced labor input in manufacture of engine. 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to engine building, in particular to the design of a rotary piston type internal combustion engine.

 Known rotary piston internal combustion engine, comprising a housing with two intersecting working cavities, in which rotors with teeth and troughs of a cycloidal profile are placed, mounted on parallel shafts connected by a synchronizing gear. A combustion chamber is made in the interdental cavities of the rotors, and windows and gas exchange channels are provided in the housing (see USSR author's certificate 370353 according to M. class. F 02 B 55/00).

 Closest to the claimed object by technical nature (prototype) is a rotary piston internal combustion engine containing a housing with working chambers formed by two intersecting cylindrical working cavities in which mutually coupled rotating rotors with two parallel shafts connected by a synchronizing gear transmission are installed, for the location of these mutually conjugate rotors - leading and driven, respectively, with the teeth and troughs of the cycloidal profile, are located outside and inside the initial circles of their rotors, and the number of hollows of the driven rotor is greater than the number of teeth of the driving rotor. The combustion chamber is formed by the hollows of the driven rotor. Spark plugs for igniting the combustible mixture are installed in recesses made in the combustion chamber of the driven rotor or in the center of the teeth of the driving rotor. Windows and gas exchange channels are provided in the engine casing (see USSR patent 565635, issued to a foreign company, according to M. cl. 2 F 02 B 55/00).

Significant disadvantages of the above engines, selected as an analog and prototype, are:
- the complexity of manufacturing rotors, because they vary in configuration and number of teeth;
- the form and nature of changes in the volume of the working chamber are irrational in a thermodynamic sense, because working processes in these engines occur at an insignificant (not more than 36 ^o ) angle of rotation of the rotor shaft, which does not allow to achieve the required efficiency of working cycles.

 The present invention solves the problem of reducing the complexity of manufacturing a rotary piston engine and obtaining thermodynamically rational form and nature of changes in the volume of the working chambers.

 To achieve the technical result in the proposed rotary piston internal combustion engine, comprising a housing with working chambers formed by working cavities in which rotating rotors are installed, a shaft for accommodating rotors, a combustion chamber mounted in parallel working cavities, the rotors are made in the form of parallel mounted on a disk shaft, in one of which, with a large diameter, a radial groove is made with a depth gradually increasing from zero to the largest value on the first floor because of the arc of the circle of this disk and gradually decreasing from the largest value to zero in the second half of the arc of the circle of this disk, another disk, with a smaller diameter, is equipped with a protrusion that is able to contact the body and the spring-loaded shutter. The combustion chamber is made in the form of coaxial outer, middle and inner cylinders installed in each other. The outer cylinder is divided by a plane passing through the axis of the shaft of the rotors and cylinders into half-cylinders, the first of which is rigidly fixed in the housing, and the second of which, simultaneously being a piston, is located in the groove of the disk with a large diameter with the possibility of movement relative to the first half-cylinder until the inclined bottom fits the second half-cylinder to the base of the groove of the disk, the middle and rotatable inner cylinders are equipped with windows for inlet of the working mixture into the combustion chamber and bypass windows for the release of burning her working mixture.

 Reducing the complexity of manufacturing a rotary piston engine is achieved by making rotors of a simple shape in the form of disks, which does not require complex technological equipment and skilled workers. At the same time, a rotor with a radial groove, with a large diameter, is designed to perform compression and suction processes, and a rotor with a smaller diameter is used for the working stroke and exhaust.

Obtaining thermodynamically rational form and nature of the change in the volume of the working chambers formed by parallel working cavities in which the rotors are installed is a consequence of the fact that the shape of the working chambers of the inventive rotary piston engine is quite simple, ring-shaped of rectangular cross section, and the working processes occur at an angle of rotation the rotor shaft, equal to 360 ^o , which allows this engine design to achieve high efficiency of duty cycles.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a General view of the proposed rotary piston internal combustion engine; in FIG. 2 is a section along line AA of FIG. 1 rotary piston engine; in FIG. 3 is a section along the line BB of FIG. 2; in FIG. 4 is a section along line BB of FIG. 1; in FIG. 5 is a section along the line G-D of FIG. 1.

 The basis of the proposed rotary piston internal combustion engine are two rotors 1 and 2 located in parallel, rigidly mounted on one shaft 3 at a fixed distance from each other and rotating in the housing 4 (see Fig. 1). The rotor 1 of a larger diameter is made in the form of a circular disk, in the upper part of which there is a groove 5 of a rectangular shape located along the radius of the rotor. Groove 5 has a different depth, smoothly varying from the "zero" depth to the maximum and vice versa. So the depth of the groove 5 gradually increases from zero to the largest value on the first half of the arc of the circle of the rotor 1 and gradually decreases from the highest value to zero on the second half of the arc of the circle of the rotor 1.

 The rotor 2 is also made in the form of a circular disk, but of a smaller diameter, mounted on the shaft 3 parallel to the rotor 1.

 The rotors 1 and 2 are placed in parallel working cavities forming the working chambers, and the working chamber of the rotor 1 is formed by the surfaces of the groove 5 of the rotor 1 and the motor housing 4, and the working chamber of the rotor 2 is formed by the outer surface of the rotor 2 and the motor housing 4. The shaft 3 with the rotors 1 and 2 mounted on it is also a power take-off shaft.

 Between the rotors 1 and 2 in the motor housing 4 parallel to the shaft 3 of the rotors 1, 2 there is a combustion chamber 6, made in the form of three coaxial cylinders: external 7, middle 8 and internal 9 installed in each other (see Fig. 2).

 The outer cylinder 7, which has the largest diameter and is a cylinder with a bottom facing towards the rotor 1, is divided into two half-cylinders by a plane passing through the axis of the shaft 3 of the rotors 1, 2 and the axis of the cylinders of the combustion chamber 6. The first half-cylinder of the outer cylinder 7 is rigidly fixed in the engine casing 4, and the second half cylinder 10, which at the same time is a piston, fits tightly into the groove 5 of the rotor 1 (see Fig. 1) and has the ability to move relative to the first fixed half cylinder of the outer cylinder 7 until the inclined bottom of the half fits the cylinder 10 to the base of the groove 5 when the depth of the groove 5 of the rotor 1 changes. The bottom of the half-cylinder 10 (see Fig. 2) is pressed against the base of the groove 5 through the ring 11 through the spring 12 and has a slant at an angle α for tightly pressing it against the base of the groove 5.

 The middle cylinder 8 is a cylinder with a bottom facing the rotor 1 and tightly entering the outer cylinder 7. In the bottom of the cylinder 8 there is a window 13 for inlet to the combustion chamber 6 of the working mixture, and in the cavity of the cylinder 8 there is a bypass window 14 of a rectangular shape, which is located above the rotor 2 and is designed to release a burning working mixture.

 The inner cylinder 9 is a cylinder with bottoms at both ends and fits snugly into the middle cylinder 8. The cylinder 9 is able to rotate in the cylinder 8 due to gear 15 (see Fig. 1). In the bottom of the cylinder 9 (see Fig. 2), facing the rotor 1, there is a window 16 for inlet of the working mixture into the combustion chamber 6, having a shape similar to that of the window 13 of the cylinder 8 (see Fig. 3), and in the cavity the cylinder 9, located above the rotor 2, there is a bypass window 17 having a shape similar to the shape of the window 14 of the cylinder 8, designed to release a burning working mixture (see Fig. 2). In the bottom of the cylinder 9, facing the rotor 2, there is an opening for the spark plug 18.

 A part of the cylinders 8 and 9, with overflow windows 14 and 17, respectively, is located above the rotor 2 so that the protrusion 19 of the rotor 2 (see Fig. 4) is in close contact with the housing 4 and passes in close proximity to the surface of the middle cylinder 8 of the combustion chamber 6.

 In the motor housing 4 above the working surface of the rotor 2 there is a shutter 20, which is pressed against the surface of the rotor 2 by a spring 21 and having the possibility of contact with the protrusion 19 of the rotor 2.

 The working chamber of the rotor 1 (see Fig. 1), formed by the motor housing 4 and the groove 5 of the rotor 1, is divided by a half cylinder 10 (see Fig. 5) and the protrusion 22 of the rotor 1 corresponding to the zero depth of the groove 5 (see Fig. 1) rotor 1, to the inlet chamber 23 (see Fig. 5) and the compression chamber 24. The working chamber of the rotor 2 (see Fig. 4), formed by the motor housing 4 and the outer surface of the rotor 2, is divided by the protrusion 19 and the shutter 20 onto the working chamber 25 and exhaust chamber 26.

 In the housing 4 of the engine there is a channel 27 connecting the exhaust chamber 26 to the atmosphere. The engine housing 4 (see FIG. 2) also has a channel 28 connecting the intake chamber 23 (see FIG. 5) with the intake system of the internal combustion engine.

 The extreme right position 29 (see Fig. 2) of the half cylinder 10 of the combustion chamber 6 corresponds to the zero recess (see Fig. 5) of the groove 5 (see Fig. 1) of the rotor 1.

In addition, the drawing further indicates:
- by the arrows in FIG. 1, 4, 5 - the direction of rotation of the rotors 1, 2;
- dashed lines in FIG. 2 - possible positions of the half cylinder 10 in the groove 5 of the rotor 1;
- arrows marked in FIG. 2, 4 - the direction of movement of the working and spent mixture, respectively.

 A rotary piston internal combustion engine operates as follows.

 For the reference point, we take the position of the rotor 1 when the half-cylinder 10 of the combustion chamber 6 is in the extreme right position, i.e. when the depth of the groove 5 is zero (position 29, see FIG. 2). The rotation of the rotors 1, 2 occurs clockwise from the gear 15 (see Fig. 1). The engine runs on gasoline and has a standard carburetor for preparing the working mixture.

 Consider the initially complete engine duty cycle from the intake stroke to the exhaust stroke, occurring with one charge of the working mixture.

1 cycle - the intake occurs at the angle of rotation of the shaft 3 of the rotors 1, 2 from 0 to 360 ^o . When the rotor 1 rotates behind the half-cylinder 10, a vacuum is created and a combustible mixture consisting of gasoline and air vapors enters the inlet chamber 23 through the channel 28 (see Fig. 5).

2 cycle - compression occurs at the angle of rotation of the shaft 3 of the rotors 1, 2 (see Fig. 1) from 360 to 720 ^o and ends when the zero recess (see Fig. 5) of the groove 5 of the rotor 1 approaches the half cylinder 10, which will occupy the extreme right position 29 (see Fig. 2). At the angle of rotation of the shaft 3 (see Fig. 1) of the rotors 1, 2 from 360 to 520-540 ^o (depending on the installation of the gas distribution phases), the working mixture is pre-compressed in the compression chamber 24 (see Fig. 5), while the windows 13 and 16 will not begin to be combined (see Fig. 3). After the beginning of the combination of windows 13 and 16, the pre-compressed working mixture will begin to enter the internal cavity of the rotating cylinder 9 (see Fig. 2), where it will be further compressed up to 720 ^o rotation of the shaft 3 (see Fig. 1) of the rotors 1 , 2, that is, when the zero recess (see Fig. 5) of the groove 5 of the rotor 1 will stand opposite the combustion chamber 6 (see Fig. 2) and the half cylinder 10 will occupy the extreme right position 29. Windows 13 and 16 at this moment will close and the entire combustible mixture will be compressed in the cylinder 9 of the combustion chamber 6.

3 cycle - expansion or working stroke occurs at the angle of rotation of the shaft 3 (see Fig. 1) of the rotors 1, 2 from 720 to 1080 ^o . In this case, when the angle of rotation of the shaft 3 of the rotors 1, 2 is equal to 720 ^o , the ignition of the combustible mixture in the cylinder 9 (see Fig. 2) of the combustion chamber 6 occurs due to the spark slipping in the spark plug 18. At that moment, the bypass the window 17 of the cylinder 9 and the bypass window 14 of the cylinder 8. Through the gap formed and constantly increasing due to the rotation of the cylinder 9, the burning working mixture breaks into the working chamber 25 (see Fig. 4).

Due to the combustion of the air-fuel mixture, a high pressure is created that acts on the protrusion 19 of the rotor 2, causing the rotor 2 to rotate and create torque on the shaft 3 of the engine. When the rotor 2 rotates from 720 to 1080 ^o , the burning gases move around the circumference.

4 clock - release occurs when the shaft 3 (see Fig. 1) rotors 1, 2 from 1080 to 1440 ^o . In this case, the exhaust gases from the exhaust chamber 26 through the channel 27 are released into the atmosphere.

Thus, when the angle of rotation of the shaft 3 of the rotors 1, 2 (see Fig. 1), equal to 1440 ^o , the exhaustion process ends, and therefore, the complete duty cycle that occurred in this rotary engine with one charge of the combustible mixture ends.

With constant engine operation, the following occurs. When the rotors rotate from 0 to 360 ^o in the working cavity of the rotor 1 (see Fig. 5), compression occurs (compression chamber 24) and the inlet of the combustible mixture (inlet chamber 23), and in the working cavity of the rotor 2 (see Fig. 4 ) at the same time a working stroke (chamber 25) and exhaust (exhaust chamber 26). Thus the complete cycle is performed at the angle of rotation of the shaft 3 (see Fig. 1) of the rotors 1, 2, equal to 360 ^o .

 Sealing closed volumes in the engine is ensured by the accuracy of the manufacture of engine parts, due to labyrinth seals and due to the sealing rings and plates of a special design.

 The engine allows the use of standard cooling, lubrication and ignition systems. In addition, the engine can be made in the form of several sections of the same type, the rotors of which are mounted on a common shaft. In this case, to increase the uniformity of the torque, it is necessary to shift by a certain angle each subsequent pair of rotors relative to the previous one.

 The proposed design of the engine allows you to have several combustion chambers located around the circumference of the rotors.

The use of the present invention reduces the complexity of its manufacture, since there is no need for sophisticated technological equipment, and the possibility of obtaining rationally thermodynamic forms and the nature of the change in the volume of the working chambers. The shape of the working chambers of the proposed engine is simple, ring-shaped, rectangular cross-section. Increases the efficiency of the engine due to the fact that the working processes of the engine are performed at an angle of rotation of the rotor shaft equal to 360 ^o (the prototype is not more than 36 ^o ).

Claims (1)

 A rotary piston internal combustion engine comprising a housing with working chambers formed by working cavities in which rotating rotors are installed, a shaft for accommodating rotors, a combustion chamber, characterized in that the rotors installed in parallel working cavities are made in the form of disks parallel to the shaft, in one of which, with a large diameter, a radial groove is made with a depth that gradually increases from zero to the largest value on the first half of the circular arc of this disk and smoothly from the largest value to zero on the second half of the arc of the circle of this disk, another disk, with a smaller diameter, is equipped with a protrusion that is able to contact the body and the spring-loaded damper, the combustion chamber is made in the form of coaxial external, middle and internal cylinders installed in each other moreover, the outer cylinder is divided by a plane passing through the axis of the shaft of the rotors and cylinders into half-cylinders, the first of which is rigidly fixed in the housing, and the second of which, simultaneously being a piston, is located wives in a groove of a disk with a large diameter with the ability to move relative to the first half cylinder until the inclined bottom of the second half cylinder fits to the base of the groove of the disk, the middle and rotatable inner cylinders are equipped with windows for inlet of the working mixture into the combustion chamber and overflow windows for the release of the burning working mixture.

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