RU2189266C2 - Foam-forming composition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire extinguishing. SUBSTANCE: water-based composition forming foam resistant to variable external factors (water composition, temperature), nontoxic, with good fire-extinguishing at reduced (by a factor of 1.01 to 2) proportion of surfactants contains 1-10% triethanolammonium C8-C14-alkyl sulfates, 5-15% triethanolammonium C12-C18-alkylbenzene sulfonates, 3-5% pH stabilizer (triethanolamine), and 20% antifreeze-5. The latter is selected from ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyglycols, ethylene glycol still residues, and their mixtures. EFFECT: improved quality of foam. 2 cl, 1 tbl, 10 ex

Description

 The invention relates to compositions that are intended to produce air-mechanical foams, mainly used in the extinguishing of burning hydrocarbons and solid materials. It can also find application in the production of foam concrete.

It is known that as the main components of the compositions intended for the production of air-mechanical foams, aqueous solutions of anionic surface-active substances (surfactants) from the class of alkaline salts of higher alkyl sulfuric acids (alkyl sulfates) are used as resistant to the effects of hardness ions of the water used, and in foaming the composition is administered stabilizing additives. In particular, a blowing agent is known for extinguishing fires (ed. Certificate of the USSR 618117, IPC 2 A 62 D 1/00), containing, in addition to water, secondary alkyl sulfates of the C ₆ -C ₁₆ fraction (20-30 wt.%) And cyclohexylamine chromate (0.05-1.0 wt.%) As a stabilizing additive. A disadvantage of the known composition is the lack of stability of the foam at increased values of its multiplicity, as well as the inability to use to extinguish fires at low temperatures.

 The objective of the invention is the creation of such a composition for producing air-mechanical foams of medium multiplicity, which, having high quenching ability, foam resistance to changes in external factors (salt composition of water used, temperature), non-toxicity, lack of coordinating action and an acceptable shelf life, would have a low surfactant content in the working solution.

To solve the problem and achieve the technical result, the patented foaming composition includes triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulfates of the C ₈ -C ₁₄ fraction, a pH stabilizer - triethanolamine, antifreeze selected from the group containing ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and mixtures thereof, and water. A distinctive feature of the foaming composition is that it additionally contains triethanolamine salts of alkylbenzenesulfonates fraction C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulphates of fraction C ₈ -C ₁₄ - 1 - 10
Triethanolamine salts of alkylbenzenesulfonates fractions C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ - 5 - 15
Triethanolamine - 3 - 5
Antifreeze - 5 - 20
Water - Else
To expand the opportunities for implementation while maintaining or improving the foaming ability of the composition, the group from which its antifreeze is selected additionally contains polyglycols, still bottoms of ethylene glycol and mixtures thereof.

 Triethanolamine salts of alkylbenzenesulfonates for fire fighting are not used due to insufficient foaming ability. The combined use of these salts and all of the above components in the specified amounts allows you to get a synergistic effect - high foaming ability with a low surfactant content in the working solution, which reduces the consumption of surfactants during fire fighting.

In accordance with the invention, foaming compositions were prepared and tested. The preparation of compositions in the form of homogeneous liquids was carried out by mixing the components by mixing them for 20 min at 25 ^o C. Obtaining air-mechanical foam from each composition and its testing was carried out in accordance with GOST R 50588-93 "Foaming agents for fighting fires. General technical requirements and test methods. " To illustrate the invention, ten examples are selected from the tested foaming compositions and given below (the names of the first and second components are given, starting from example 2, in abbreviated form); the content of the components in the examples is given in wt.%.

 Example 1

Triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulphates of fraction C ₈ -C ₁₄ (TEA AC) - 1 - 10
Triethanolamine salts of alkylbenzenesulfonates fraction C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ (TEA ABS) - 5 - 15
Triethanolamine - 3 - 5
Antifreeze - 5 - 20
Water - Else
Example 2

TEA AC - 1
TEA ABS - 5
Triethanolamine - 5
Ethylene Glycol - 10
Water - Else
Example 3

TEA AC - 2
TEA ABS - 8
Triethanolamine - 5
Ethylene Glycol - 10
Water - Else
Example 4

TEA AC - 4
TEA ABS - 8
Triethanolamine - 5
Diethylene glycol - 10
Water - Else
Example 5

TEA AC - 7
TEA ABS - 8
Triethanolamine - 4
Diethylene glycol - 10
Water - Else
Example 6

TEA AC - 4
TEA ABS - 12
Triethanolamine - 3
Ethylene Glycol - 8
Water - Else
Example 7

TEA AC - 10
TEA ABS - 10
Triethanolamine - 5
Ethylene Glycol - 5
Water - Else
Example 8

TEA AC - 10
TEA ABS - 15
Triethanolamine - 5
Polyglycols - 10
Water - Else
Example 9

TEA AC - 10
TEA ABS - 15
Triethanolamine - 4
VAT residues of ethylene glycol - 10
Water - Else
Example 10

TEA AC - 0
TEA ABS - 10
Triethanolamine - 4
Ethylene Glycol - 10
Water - Else
The test results of the foaming compositions presented in examples 1-10 are shown in the table.

 The proposed composition allows to obtain air-mechanical foam of medium multiplicity with good fire extinguishing ability while reducing the mass fraction of surfactants in working solutions by 1.01-2 times in comparison with the prototype.

Claims (1)

1. Foaming composition, including triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulfates of fraction C ₈ -C ₁₄ , pH stabilizer - triethanolamine, antifreeze selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and mixtures thereof and water, characterized in that it further comprises triethanolamine salts of alkyl benzene sulfonates of fraction C ₁₂ - With ₁₄ in the following ratio of components, wt. %:
Triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulphates of fraction C ₈ -C ₁₄ - 1-10
Triethanolamine salts of alkylbenzenesulfonates fractions C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ - 5-15
Triethanolamine - 3-5
Antifreeze - 5-20
Water - Else
2. The composition according to p. 1, characterized in that the group from which the antifreeze is selected additionally contains polyglycols, still bottoms of ethylene glycol and mixtures thereof.

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