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RU2015120287A - METHOD FOR COOLING RICH HYDROCARBON FRACTION - Google Patents

METHOD FOR COOLING RICH HYDROCARBON FRACTION Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2015120287A
RU2015120287A RU2015120287A RU2015120287A RU2015120287A RU 2015120287 A RU2015120287 A RU 2015120287A RU 2015120287 A RU2015120287 A RU 2015120287A RU 2015120287 A RU2015120287 A RU 2015120287A RU 2015120287 A RU2015120287 A RU 2015120287A
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Prior art keywords
nitrogen
gas
fraction
refrigerant
rich
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RU2015120287A
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Russian (ru)
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RU2654309C2 (en
Inventor
Мартин КАМАНН
Бернд ЮНГФЕР
Штефан БУРМБЕРГЕР
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Линде Акциенгезелльшафт
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/08—Sealings
    • F04D29/10—Shaft sealings
    • F04D29/12—Shaft sealings using sealing-rings
    • F04D29/122—Shaft sealings using sealing-rings especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/124—Shaft sealings using sealing-rings especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps with special means for adducting cooling or sealing fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
    • F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/5826—Cooling at least part of the working fluid in a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
    • F25J1/025—Details related to the refrigerant production or treatment, e.g. make-up supply from feed gas itself
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Mechanical Sealing (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

1. Способ охлаждения богатой углеводородами фракции, в частности, природного газа, в котором- богатую углеводородами фракцию (1) охлаждают относительно по меньшей мере одного контура циркуляции хладагента (10-15),- хладагент содержит по меньшей мере азот, двуокись углерода, метан и/илиС-углеводороды,- сжатие хладагента осуществляют посредством по меньшей мере одного турбокомпрессора (С1), содержащего одно или несколько контактных уплотнительных колец на газовой смазке,- и на турбокомпрессор (С1) подают в качестве первичного затворного газа частичный поток хладагента и/или наружный газ или газовую смесь, содержащую по существу азот и/или метан, а в качестве вторичного затворного газа - азот,отличающийся тем, что из контура циркуляции хладагента (10-15) по меньшей мере время от времени осуществляют отбор по меньшей мере одного богатого азотом потока (21).2. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что богатый азотом поток (21) отбирают на холодном конце контура циркуляции хладагента (10-16).3. Способ по п. 1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что отобранный богатый азотом поток (21) содержит долю С-углеводородов менее 2 мол.%, предпочтительно менее 0,5 мол.%.4. Способ по п. 1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что отбор богатого азотом потока (21) осуществляют, как только содержание азота и/или метана в циркулирующем в контуре охлаждения (10-16) хладагенте превышает заданное пороговое значение.5. Способ по п. 1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что богатую углеродами фракцию сжижают, подают по меньшей мере в один расходный резервуар и из него отгоняют выкипающую газовую фракцию, при этом отобранный богатый азотом поток (21), по меньшей мере, частично подмешивают к выкипающей газовой фракции и/или сжигают в факеле.6. Способ по п. 1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что1. A method of cooling a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, in particular natural gas, in which the hydrocarbon-rich fraction (1) is cooled against at least one refrigerant circuit (10-15), the refrigerant contains at least nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane and / or C-hydrocarbons, the compression of the refrigerant is carried out by means of at least one turbocharger (C1) containing one or more contact sealing rings with gas lubrication, and an hour is supplied to the turbocompressor (C1) as a primary gate gas an alternate refrigerant stream and / or an external gas or gas mixture containing essentially nitrogen and / or methane, and nitrogen as the secondary gate gas, characterized in that at least from time to time, from the refrigerant circuit (10-15) is carried out selection of at least one nitrogen-rich stream (21) .2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the nitrogen-rich stream (21) is taken at the cold end of the refrigerant circuit (10-16). 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the selected nitrogen-rich stream (21) contains a C-hydrocarbon fraction of less than 2 mol%, preferably less than 0.5 mol%. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the selection of a nitrogen-rich stream (21) is carried out as soon as the content of nitrogen and / or methane in the refrigerant circulating in the cooling circuit (10-16) exceeds a predetermined threshold value. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the carbon-rich fraction is liquefied, fed to at least one supply tank, and the boiling-off gas fraction is distilled from it, while the selected nitrogen-rich stream (21) is at least partially mixed with boiling gas fraction and / or torch. 6. The method according to p. 1 or 2, characterized in that

Claims (8)

1. Способ охлаждения богатой углеводородами фракции, в частности, природного газа, в котором1. The method of cooling a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, in particular natural gas, in which - богатую углеводородами фракцию (1) охлаждают относительно по меньшей мере одного контура циркуляции хладагента (10-15),- hydrocarbon-rich fraction (1) is cooled relative to at least one refrigerant circuit (10-15), - хладагент содержит по меньшей мере азот, двуокись углерода, метан и/или С2+-углеводороды,- the refrigerant contains at least nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane and / or FROM2+hydrocarbons - сжатие хладагента осуществляют посредством по меньшей мере одного турбокомпрессора (С1), содержащего одно или несколько контактных уплотнительных колец на газовой смазке,- the compression of the refrigerant is carried out by means of at least one turbocharger (C1) containing one or more contact sealing rings with gas lubrication, - и на турбокомпрессор (С1) подают в качестве первичного затворного газа частичный поток хладагента и/или наружный газ или газовую смесь, содержащую по существу азот и/или метан, а в качестве вторичного затворного газа - азот,- and a partial flow of refrigerant and / or an external gas or gas mixture containing essentially nitrogen and / or methane is supplied to the turbocharger (C1) as a primary gate gas, and nitrogen as a secondary gate gas, отличающийся тем, что из контура циркуляции хладагента (10-15) по меньшей мере время от времени осуществляют отбор по меньшей мере одного богатого азотом потока (21).characterized in that at least one nitrogen-rich stream (21) is taken from the refrigerant circuit (10-15) at least from time to time. 2. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что богатый азотом поток (21) отбирают на холодном конце контура циркуляции хладагента (10-16).2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the nitrogen-rich stream (21) is taken at the cold end of the refrigerant circuit (10-16). 3. Способ по п. 1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что отобранный богатый азотом поток (21) содержит долю С2+-углеводородов менее 2 мол.%, предпочтительно менее 0,5 мол.%.3. The method according to p. 1 or 2, characterized in that the selected nitrogen-rich stream (21) contains a fraction of C 2+ hydrocarbons of less than 2 mol.%, Preferably less than 0.5 mol.%. 4. Способ по п. 1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что отбор богатого азотом потока (21) осуществляют, как только содержание азота и/или метана в циркулирующем в контуре охлаждения (10-16) хладагенте превышает заданное пороговое значение.4. The method according to p. 1 or 2, characterized in that the selection of a nitrogen-rich stream (21) is carried out as soon as the content of nitrogen and / or methane in the refrigerant circulating in the cooling circuit (10-16) exceeds a predetermined threshold value. 5. Способ по п. 1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что богатую углеродами фракцию сжижают, подают по меньшей мере в один расходный резервуар и из него отгоняют выкипающую газовую фракцию, при этом отобранный богатый азотом поток (21), по меньшей мере, частично подмешивают к выкипающей газовой фракции и/или сжигают в факеле.5. The method according to p. 1 or 2, characterized in that the carbon-rich fraction is liquefied, fed to at least one supply tank, and the boiling-off gas fraction is distilled from it, while the nitrogen-rich stream (21) is selected at least partially mixed to the boiling gas fraction and / or flared. 6. Способ по п. 1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что сжатие циркулирующего в контуре охлаждения хладагента осуществляют в одну или несколько ступеней, при этом полученную отгонкой из турбокомпрессора (С1) через первичный отвод газового уплотнения смесь затворного газа (20) подают со стороны всасывания на компрессор или на первую ступень сжатия посредством повышения давления затворного газа.6. The method according to p. 1 or 2, characterized in that the compression of the refrigerant circulating in the cooling circuit is carried out in one or more stages, while the mixture of the shutter gas (20) obtained by distillation from the turbocompressor (C1) through the primary outlet of the gas seal (20) suction to the compressor or to the first stage of compression by increasing the pressure of the gate gas. 7. Способ по п. 1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что на турбокомпрессор в качестве первичного затворного газа подают наружный газ или газовую смесь, содержащую по существу азот и/или метан, при этом этот газ/газовую смесь получают из отходящей в рамках технологического процесса охлаждения и/или уже имеющейся фракции, предпочтительно он/она представляет собой частичный поток сжатой выкипающей газовой фракции (24) и/или участвующего в технологическом процессе азота.7. The method according to p. 1 or 2, characterized in that the turbocharger as the primary gate gas serves external gas or a gas mixture containing essentially nitrogen and / or methane, while this gas / gas mixture is obtained from the waste in the framework of the technological the cooling process and / or an existing fraction, preferably he / she is a partial stream of compressed boiling gas fraction (24) and / or nitrogen involved in the process. 8. Способ по п. 1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что хладагент расширяется на холодном конце контура циркуляции хладагента в две ступени, причем расширенный на первой ступени (а) хладагент разделяют в сепараторе (D1) на жидкую, богатую С2+-углеводородами фракцию (13) и газообразную фракцию (14), содержащую по существу исключительно азот и метан, и затем жидкую, богатую С2+-углеводородами фракцию (13) расширяют (а') до давления испарения хладагента. 8. The method according to p. 1 or 2, characterized in that the refrigerant expands at the cold end of the refrigerant circuit in two stages, and the expanded at the first stage (a) refrigerant is separated in the separator (D1) into a liquid rich in C 2+ hydrocarbons fraction (13) and a gaseous fraction (14) containing essentially exclusively nitrogen and methane, and then the liquid, C 2+ -carbon-rich fraction (13) is expanded (a ') to the vaporization pressure of the refrigerant.
RU2015120287A 2012-11-02 2013-10-29 Method for cooling of hydrocarbon- rich fraction RU2654309C2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012021637.8A DE102012021637A1 (en) 2012-11-02 2012-11-02 Process for cooling a hydrocarbon-rich fraction
DE102012021637.8 2012-11-02
PCT/EP2013/003259 WO2014067652A2 (en) 2012-11-02 2013-10-29 Method for cooling a hydrocarbon-rich fraction

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RU2015120287A true RU2015120287A (en) 2016-12-27
RU2654309C2 RU2654309C2 (en) 2018-05-17

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US (1) US20150253068A1 (en)
CN (1) CN105143800B (en)
AU (1) AU2013339779B2 (en)
BR (1) BR112015009199A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2887205C (en)
DE (1) DE102012021637A1 (en)
MY (1) MY173231A (en)
NO (1) NO20150685A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2654309C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2014067652A2 (en)

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RU2654309C2 (en) 2018-05-17
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US20150253068A1 (en) 2015-09-10
CA2887205A1 (en) 2014-05-08
AU2013339779A1 (en) 2015-04-23
NO20150685A1 (en) 2015-05-28
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BR112015009199A2 (en) 2017-07-04

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