DE102012021637A1 - Process for cooling a hydrocarbon-rich fraction - Google Patents
Process for cooling a hydrocarbon-rich fraction Download PDFInfo
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- DE102012021637A1 DE102012021637A1 DE102012021637.8A DE102012021637A DE102012021637A1 DE 102012021637 A1 DE102012021637 A1 DE 102012021637A1 DE 102012021637 A DE102012021637 A DE 102012021637A DE 102012021637 A1 DE102012021637 A1 DE 102012021637A1
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001295925 Gegenes Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/08—Sealings
- F04D29/10—Shaft sealings
- F04D29/12—Shaft sealings using sealing-rings
- F04D29/122—Shaft sealings using sealing-rings especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/124—Shaft sealings using sealing-rings especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps with special means for adducting cooling or sealing fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
- F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/5826—Cooling at least part of the working fluid in a heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
- F25J1/025—Details related to the refrigerant production or treatment, e.g. make-up supply from feed gas itself
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Mechanical Sealing (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
Es wird ein Verfahren zum Abkühlen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion, insbesondere von Erdgas, beschrieben, wobei – die Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion (1) gegen wenigstens einen Kältemittelkreislauf (10–15) abgekühlt wird, – das Kältemittel zumindest Stickstoff, Kohlendioxid, Methan und/oder C2+-Kohlenwasserstoffe aufweist, – die Verdichtung des Kältemittels mittels wenigstens eines, eine oder mehrere gasgeschmierte Gleitringdichtungen aufweisenden Turboverdichters (C1) erfolgt, und – dem Turboverdichter (C1) als primäres Sperrgas ein Teilstrom des Kältemittels und/oder ein externes Gas oder Gasgemisch, aufweisend im Wesentlichen Stickstoff und/oder Methan, und als sekundäres Sperrgas Stickstoff zugeführt werden. Erfindungsgemäß wird dem Kältemittelkreislauf (10–15) zumindest zeitweilig wenigstens ein Stickstoff-reicher Strom (21) entnommen.A method for cooling a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, in particular natural gas, is described, wherein - the hydrocarbon-rich fraction (1) is cooled against at least one refrigerant circuit (10-15), - the refrigerant at least nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane and / or C2 + hydrocarbons, - the refrigerant is compressed by means of at least one, one or more gas-lubricated mechanical seals having a turbocompressor (C1), and - the turbocompressor (C1) as the primary sealing gas, a partial flow of the refrigerant and / or an external gas or gas mixture , comprising essentially nitrogen and / or methane, and nitrogen as a secondary sealing gas. According to the invention, at least one nitrogen-rich stream (21) is withdrawn from the refrigerant circuit (10-15) at least temporarily.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Abkühlen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion, insbesondere von Erdgas, wobei
- – die Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion gegen wenigstens einen Kältemittelkreislauf abgekühlt wird,
- – das Kältemittel zumindest Stickstoff und/oder Kohlendioxid und/oder Methan und/oder C2+-Kohlenwasserstoffe aufweist,
- – die Verdichtung des Kältemittels mittels wenigstens eines, eine oder mehrere gasgeschmierte Gleitringdichtungen aufweisenden Turboverdichters erfolgt, und
- – dem Turboverdichter als primäres Sperrgas ein Teilstrom des Kältemittels und/oder ein externes Gas oder Gasgemisch, aufweisend im Wesentlichen Stickstoff und/oder Methan, und als sekundäres Sperrgas Stickstoff zugeführt werden.
- The hydrocarbon-rich fraction is cooled against at least one refrigerant circuit,
- The refrigerant comprises at least nitrogen and / or carbon dioxide and / or methane and / or C 2+ hydrocarbons,
- - The compression of the refrigerant by means of at least one, one or more gas-lubricated sliding ring seals having turbo-compressor takes place, and
- - The turbo compressor as the primary sealing gas, a partial flow of the refrigerant and / or an external gas or gas mixture, comprising substantially nitrogen and / or methane, and are fed as a secondary barrier gas nitrogen.
Gattungsgemäße Verfahren zum Abkühlen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion kommen insbesondere bei der Verflüssigung von Erdgas zur Anwendung. Für den Verflüssigungsprozess wird Kälte benötigt, die üblicherweise durch einen oder mehrere Kältemittelkreisläufe bereitgestellt wird. Hierbei sind geschlossene und von Turboverdichtern angetriebene Kältemittelkreisläufe von besonderer Bedeutung. Als Kältemittel werden in geschlossenen Kreisläufen teilweise Reinstoffe, zumeist aber Stoffgemische unter Verwendung einer Auswahl der Stoffkomponenten Stickstoff, Methan sowie C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C3H8, i/n-C4H10 und i/n-C5H12, etc. in variablen Anteilen eingesetzt. Unter dem Begriff „C2+-Kohlenwasserstoffe” seien im vorliegenden Falle die vorgenannten Komponenten C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C3H8, i/n-C4H10 und i/n-C5H12, etc. zu verstehen.Generic processes for cooling a hydrocarbon-rich fraction are used in particular in the liquefaction of natural gas. The liquefaction process requires refrigeration, which is usually provided by one or more refrigerant circuits. Here, closed and driven by turbo compressors refrigerant circuits are of particular importance. As a refrigerant in closed circuits partially pure substances, but usually mixtures using a selection of the components nitrogen, methane and C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 6 , C 3 H 8 , i / nC 4 H 10 and i / nC 5 H 12 , etc. used in variable proportions. In the present case, the term "C 2+ hydrocarbons" means the aforementioned components C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 6 , C 3 H 8 , i / nC 4 H 10 and i / nC 5 H 12 to understand, etc.
Für den stationären Anlagenbetrieb wird das Inventar des Kältekreislaufs bezüglich Menge und molarer Zusammensetzung konstant gehalten. Jedoch kommt es zwangsläufig zu Leckagen des Kältekreislaufs oder zum Eintrag zusätzlicher Stoff- oder Komponentenströme in den Kältekreislauf. Verantwortlich hierfür sind im Wesentlichen die Wellenabdichtungen der für die Verdichtung des Kältemittels vorzusehenden Turboverdichter sowie deren Sperrgasversorgung.For stationary plant operation, the inventory of the refrigeration cycle is kept constant in terms of quantity and molar composition. However, it inevitably leads to leakage of the refrigeration cycle or to the entry of additional material or component streams in the refrigeration cycle. Responsible for this are mainly the shaft seals of the compressor to be provided for the compression of the refrigerant and their barrier gas supply.
Diese Verunreinigung und/oder Leckage des Kältemittels ist zu kompensieren. Während üblicherweise die Verfügbarkeit von Stickstoff innerhalb einer Verflüssigungsanlage sowie die Bereitstellung des Methans aus dem zu verflüssigenden Erdgas gewährleistet ist, ist die permanente Kompensation der C2+-Kohlenwasserstoff-Verluste mit hohem Installationsaufwand, hohen Betriebskosten und ggf. logistischen Problemen verbunden.This contamination and / or leakage of the refrigerant must be compensated. While typically the availability of nitrogen within a liquefaction plant and the provision of methane from the liquefied natural gas is ensured, the permanent compensation of C 2+ hydrocarbon losses is associated with high installation costs, high operating costs and possibly logistical problems.
Es ist folglich darauf zu achten, dass bei der Auswahl der Wellenabdichtung der Turboverdichter sowie dem Design der zur Dichtung zugehörigen Peripherie das Kältemittelinventar des Kältekreislaufs bestmöglich geschützt wird. Hierzu werden gegenwärtig überwiegend gasgeschmierte Gleitringdichtungen in verschiedenen Bauformen eingesetzt. Diese werden mit dem im zugehörigen Kältekreislauf zirkulierenden Kältemittel als primärem Sperrgas beaufschlagt, um eine prozessseitige Verunreinigung zu vermeiden. Die sekundäre Sperrung erfolgt aus Gründen der Betriebssicherheit stets mit Stickstoff, so dass in der primären Ableitung der Gasdichtung ein Gemisch aus Kältemittel und Stickstoff vorliegt. Dieses Gemisch wird im Allgemeinen zur Anlagenfackel abgeführt, woraus ein Verlust an Kältemittel resultiert.It is therefore important to ensure that when selecting the shaft seal of the turbocompressor and the design of the periphery associated with the seal, the refrigerant inventory of the refrigeration cycle is best possible protection. For this purpose, currently gas-lubricated mechanical seals are used in various designs. These are acted upon by the circulating in the associated refrigerant circuit refrigerant as the primary sealing gas to avoid process-side contamination. For reasons of operational safety, secondary blocking is always carried out with nitrogen, so that a mixture of refrigerant and nitrogen is present in the primary discharge of the gas seal. This mixture is generally removed to the plant torch, resulting in a loss of refrigerant.
Prinzipiell kann zur primären Sperrgasbeaufschlagung auch ein externes Sperrgas herangezogen werden, jedoch liegt in diesem Fall selbst bei geeigneter Auswahl der Dichtungsart stets ein Fremdkomponenteneintrag in den Kältekreislauf und somit eine Verunreinigung des Kältemittels vor. Da eine Verunreinigung unter Umständen zum Verlust größerer Mengen des Inventars führt, wird üblicherweise die Sperrung mittels Kältemittel bevorzugt und die durch geeignete Regelung reduzierten Dichtungsverluste, insbesondere der vergleichsweise wertvollen C2+-Kohlenwasserstoffe bzw. -Komponenten billigend in Kauf genommen.In principle, it is also possible to use an external blocking gas for the primary sealing gas application, but in this case, even with a suitable selection of the type of seal, there is always a foreign component entry into the refrigeration circuit and thus contamination of the refrigerant. Since contamination may lead to the loss of larger quantities of the inventory, the blocking by means of refrigerant is usually preferred and the sealing losses reduced by suitable regulation, in particular the comparatively valuable C 2+ hydrocarbons or components, are accepted as acceptable.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Abkühlen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion anzugeben, das die vorgenannten Nachteile vermeidet.Object of the present invention is to provide a generic method for cooling a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, which avoids the aforementioned disadvantages.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein Verfahren zum Abkühlen einer Kohlenwasserstoffreichen. Fraktion vorgeschlagen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass dem Kältemittelkreislauf zumindest zeitweilig wenigstens ein Stickstoff-reicher Strom entnommen wird.To achieve this object, a method for cooling a hydrocarbon-rich. Fraction proposed, which is characterized in that the refrigerant circuit at least temporarily at least one nitrogen-rich stream is removed.
Hierbei wird der Stickstoff-reiche Strom vorzugsweise am kalten Ende des Kältemittelkreislaufes entnommen. Die Entnahme des Stickstoff-reichen Stromes erfolgt insbesondere dann, wenn der Stickstoff- und/oder Methan-Gehalt des in dem Kältemittelkreislauf zirkulierenden Kältemittels einen vorgegebenen Schwellwert übersteigt.Here, the nitrogen-rich stream is preferably removed at the cold end of the refrigerant circuit. The removal of the nitrogen-rich stream takes place in particular when the nitrogen and / or methane content of the circulating in the refrigerant circuit refrigerant exceeds a predetermined threshold.
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensweise kann einer Anreicherung des Kältekreislaufes mit Stickstoff- und/oder Methan vorgebeugt werden. Das gewünschte Verhältnis zwischen diesen Komponenten und den C2+-Kohlenwasserstoffen bleibt dadurch im Wesentlichen unverändert. Zur Regulierung der Zusammensetzung des Kältemittels ist es deshalb ausreichend, wenn lediglich diese beiden Komponenten in der bzw. den gewünschten Mengen nachgeführt werden.With the procedure according to the invention, an enrichment of the refrigeration cycle with nitrogen and / or methane can be prevented. The desired ratio between these components and the C 2+ hydrocarbons thus remains essentially unchanged. To regulate the composition of the refrigerant, it is therefore sufficient if only these two Components are tracked in the desired quantities or.
In vorteilhafter Weise weist der entnommene Stickstoff-reiche Strom einen Anteil an C2+-Kohlenwasserstoffen von weniger als 2 Mol-%, vorzugsweise von weniger als 0,5 Mol-% auf.Advantageously, the withdrawn nitrogen-rich stream has a proportion of C 2+ hydrocarbons of less than 2 mol%, preferably less than 0.5 mol%.
Im Vergleich zu den zum Stand der Technik zählenden Verfahren ermöglicht das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Abkühlen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion eine Reduzierung der Verluste an C2+-Kohlenwasserstoffen bzw. C2+-Kältemittelkomponenten um ca. 99%. Daraus resultieren sowohl eine wesentliche Reduzierung der Betriebskosten durch minimierten Aufwand hinsichtlich Beschaffung und Transport von C2+-Kohlenwasserstoffen als auch eine Reduzierung der Installationskosten für die Bereitstellung dieser Kältemittelkomponenten. Des Weiteren können unerwünschte Emissionen verringert werden, da keine Kohlenwasserstoffe an die Fackel gegeben werden.Compared to the prior art method, the inventive method for cooling a hydrocarbon-rich fraction allows for a reduction in the losses of C 2+ hydrocarbons or C 2+ refrigerant components by about 99%. This results in both a substantial reduction in operating costs through minimized cost of procurement and transport of C 2+ hydrocarbons and a reduction in installation costs for the provision of these refrigerant components. Furthermore, unwanted emissions can be reduced because no hydrocarbons are added to the torch.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Abkühlen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, sofern die Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion verflüssigt, wenigstens einem Speicherbehälter zugeführt und aus diesem eine Boil-off-Gasfraktion abgezogen wird, der entnommene Stickstoff-reiche Strom zumindest teilweise der Boil-off-Gasfraktion zugemischt und/oder abgefackelt wird. Unter dem Begriff „Boil-off-Gasfraktion” seien hierbei das durch Wärmeeintrag in einen Speicherbehälter verdampfende Flüssig-Erdgas (LNG) und das während der LNG-Einleitung in den Speicherbehälter anfallende Verdrängungsgas zu verstehen.A further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention for cooling a hydrocarbon-rich fraction is characterized in that, if the hydrocarbon-rich fraction liquefied, at least fed to a storage tank and from this a boil-off gas fraction is withdrawn, the withdrawn nitrogen-rich stream at least partially admixed with the boil-off gas fraction and / or flared. The term "boil-off gas fraction" is to be understood here as meaning the liquefied natural gas (LNG) evaporating due to heat input into a storage container and the displacement gas arising during the LNG introduction into the storage container.
Sofern die Verdichtung des in dem Kältemittelkreislauf zirkulierenden Kältemittels ein- oder mehrstufig erfolgt, ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn das aus dem Turboverdichter über die primäre Ableitung der Gasdichtung abgezogene Sperrgasgemisch dem Verdichter bzw. der ersten Verdichterstufe durch eine Anhebung des Sperrgasdruckes saugseitig zugeführt wird.If the compression of the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit takes place in one or more stages, it is particularly advantageous if the sealing gas mixture withdrawn from the turbocompressor via the primary discharge of the gas seal is fed to the compressor or the first compressor stage by raising the sealing gas pressure on the suction side.
Sofern dem Turboverdichter als primäres Sperrgas ein externes Gas oder Gasgemisch, aufweisend im Wesentlichen Stickstoff und/oder Methan, zugeführt wird, wird dieses Gasgemisch) in vorteilhafter Weise aus einer innerhalb des Abkühlprozesses anfallenden und/oder vorhandenen Fraktion erzeugt. Dafür kann bspw. ein Teilstrom der verdichteten Boil-off-Gasfraktion und/oder ein Teilstrom des Prozess-Stickstoffes herangezogen werden.If an external gas or gas mixture comprising essentially nitrogen and / or methane is supplied to the turbocompressor as the primary sealing gas, this gas mixture is advantageously produced from a fraction occurring and / or present within the cooling process. For example, a partial flow of the compressed boil-off gas fraction and / or a partial flow of the process nitrogen can be used.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Abkühlen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion sei nachfolgend anhand des in der
Über Leitung
Das innerhalb des Kältekreislaufes zirkulierende Kältemittel weist beispielsweise die Komponenten Stickstoff, Methan und C2+-Kohlenwasserstoffe auf. Die Verdichtung dieses Kältemittels erfolgt in einem ein- oder mehrstufig ausgebildeten, eine oder mehrere gasgeschmierte Gleitringdichtungen aufweisenden Turboverdichter C1. Das auf den gewünschten Kreislaufdruck verdichtete Kältemittel wird über Leitung
Das entspannte Kältemittel wird anschließend über Leitung
Dem Turboverdichter C1 wird als primäres Sperrgas ein Teilstrom des im Kältekreislauf zirkulierenden Kältemittels und/oder ein externes Gas oder Gasgemisch, das im Wesentlichen Stickstoff und/oder Methan aufweist, zugeführt. Diese Zuführung eines Teilstromes des Kältemittels erfolgt über Leitung
Kommt es nun innerhalb des Kältekreislaufes zu einer Anreicherung der Komponenten Stickstoff und/oder Methan, können diese über Leitung
Wie in der
Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Entnahme des Stickstoff-reichen Stromes
Des Weiteren kann das aus dem Turboverdichter C1 über die primäre Ableitung seiner Gasdichtung abgezogene Sperrgasgemisch dem Verdichter oder, im Falle einer mehrstufigen Verdichtung, der ersten Verdichterstufe saugseitig, vorzugsweise über den vorbeschriebenen Behälter D2, erneut zugeführt werden; dies ist in der
Es sei ausdrücklich betont, dass die erfindungsgemäße Verfahrensweise nicht nur in Kombination mit dem in der
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (10)
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DE102012021637.8A DE102012021637A1 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2012-11-02 | Process for cooling a hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
CA2887205A CA2887205C (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2013-10-29 | Method for cooling a hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
MYPI2015701364A MY173231A (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2013-10-29 | Method for cooling a hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
US14/437,372 US20150253068A1 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2013-10-29 | Method for cooling a hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
BR112015009199A BR112015009199A2 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2013-10-29 | method for cooling a hydrocarbon rich fraction |
PCT/EP2013/003259 WO2014067652A2 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2013-10-29 | Method for cooling a hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
AU2013339779A AU2013339779B2 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2013-10-29 | Method for cooling a hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
RU2015120287A RU2654309C2 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2013-10-29 | Method for cooling of hydrocarbon- rich fraction |
CN201380057503.6A CN105143800B (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2013-10-29 | Method for cooling down hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
NO20150685A NO20150685A1 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2015-05-28 | Method for cooling a hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
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DE102012021637.8A DE102012021637A1 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2012-11-02 | Process for cooling a hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
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EP3339605A1 (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-06-27 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for compressing a gas mixture comprising neon |
FR3108167A1 (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2021-09-17 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | System for treating natural gas from a vessel of a floating structure configured to supply natural gas as fuel to a device that consumes natural gas |
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GB2563021A (en) * | 2017-05-30 | 2018-12-05 | Linde Ag | Refrigeration circuit system and method of maintaining a gas seal of a compressor system |
FR3087524B1 (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2020-12-11 | Air Liquide | NATURAL GAS LIQUEFACTION PROCESS AND PLANT |
FR3087525B1 (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2020-12-11 | Air Liquide | LIQUEFACTION PROCESS OF AN EVAPORATION GAS CURRENT FROM THE STORAGE OF A LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS CURRENT |
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2012
- 2012-11-02 DE DE102012021637.8A patent/DE102012021637A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP3339605A1 (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-06-27 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for compressing a gas mixture comprising neon |
WO2018115456A1 (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-06-28 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method to compress and control a gas mixture composition for use in a cryogenic refrigeration cycle |
FR3108167A1 (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2021-09-17 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | System for treating natural gas from a vessel of a floating structure configured to supply natural gas as fuel to a device that consumes natural gas |
FR3140938A1 (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2024-04-19 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Compressor gas recovery method and apparatus |
WO2024083386A1 (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2024-04-25 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Gas recovery method and apparatus for a compressor |
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RU2654309C2 (en) | 2018-05-17 |
CN105143800A (en) | 2015-12-09 |
CA2887205A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
AU2013339779B2 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
MY173231A (en) | 2020-01-07 |
BR112015009199A2 (en) | 2017-07-04 |
WO2014067652A3 (en) | 2015-07-16 |
US20150253068A1 (en) | 2015-09-10 |
NO20150685A1 (en) | 2015-05-28 |
CN105143800B (en) | 2017-10-27 |
WO2014067652A2 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
AU2013339779A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
RU2015120287A (en) | 2016-12-27 |
CA2887205C (en) | 2021-05-04 |
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