RU2085288C1 - Crusher for grain and lump materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, processing of agricultural products. SUBSTANCE: the proposed crusher has rolls 2, plate 3, vibrator 5, loading hopper 1. Plate 3 is made in the form of tripod pyramid with concave side surfaces. The plate is installed inside the loading hopper over the rolls to partially envelop them. From below the rolls may be provided with cleaning scrapers 7. EFFECT: improved efficiency. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to equipment for crushing grain and bulk materials.

 A device is known that contains rolls, a plate, a vibration exciter, a loading hopper (US patent 3,820,725, CL 6 B 02 C 23/02, 25/00, 1974). Closest to the claimed technical essence and the achieved result is a crusher for grain and lump materials containing rolls, a plate made in the form of a triangular pyramid with concave side surfaces, semi-wrapping rolls, vibration exciter, loading hopper (SU, copyright certificate, 1701366, cl. 6 B 02 C 4/12, 1991).

 The technical task of the present invention is to reduce the energy consumption of the device, increasing stability, reducing dynamic loads and noise.

 The solution to the technical problem is achieved by the fact that the crusher for grain and lump materials containing rolls, a plate made in the form of a triangular pyramid with concave lateral surfaces, half-wrapping the rolls, vibration exciter, loading hopper, differs from the known that the plate is installed above the rolls, inside the loading bunker. The rolls can be equipped with scrapers at the bottom.

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which gives a diagram of the crusher. The crusher consists of a loading hopper 1, in which there are rolls 2, mounted on supports, and a plate 3, mounted on an elastic suspension 4 to the frame (not shown in Fig.). The lower end of the plate 3 is connected to the vibration exciter 5 by means of an elastic element 6. Under each roll 2 there are scrappers 7 attached to the discharge hopper 8. In the upper part of the elastic suspension 4 there is an adjustment mechanism 9.

 The technological process of the crusher proceeds as follows. The source material is fed into the loading hopper 1, while by gravity entering the gap between the rollers 2 and the plate 3. The vibration exciter 5 through the elastic element 6 generates linear vibrations of the plate 3 in a vertical plane. Under the action of the oscillating plate 3, the rotation of the rolls 2 is obtained, and in different directions, while the transmission of momentum from the plate 3 to the rolls 2 occurs through the source material. The material is captured by the rotating rollers 2 and intensively drawn into the gap between the plate 3 and the rollers 2. Due to the shock load created by the vibration exciter 5, the source material is destroyed. Moreover, the crushed material, being in the gap between the plate 3 and the rolls 2, forms an elastic star-shaped elastic system with an elastic suspension 4 of the plate 3, which provides a close to zero (quasi-zero) vibrational system, which leads to a significant reduction in dynamic loads transmitted to support part design and also reduces noise. Quasi-zero stiffness of the dynamic system provides a far-resonant mode of operation of the crusher, characterized by high stability. (see G. M. Alabuzhev et al. "Vibration systems with quasi-zero stiffness", L. Engineering, 1986, p. 96). In the proposed crusher, the role of inclined springs is played by the material itself, which is subject to grinding, which simplifies the design as a whole. Thus, the elastic element 4 and crushed material in the gaps between the rollers 2 and the plate 3 forms a spatial elastic system XOYZ (see Fig. 1), which is quasi-zero. This is an essential hallmark of the proposed design.

 The crushed material enters the discharge hopper 8. For the separation of adhering particles from the rolls 2, scraper 7s are used. The size of the grinding is regulated by the mechanism 9, providing a decrease or increase in the gap between the plate 3 and the rolls 2.

 The proposed crusher is simple in design. Grinding occurs in one pass of the material through the working bodies, while ensuring the required dispersion of the finished product at low energy costs.

 Since the working bodies of the crusher are located in the loading hopper, this crusher works under the rubble, while in existing crushers the material must be dosed before entering the working bodies.

 The fact that only one of the working bodies of the plate 3 is subjected to vibration, and not the entire structure as a whole, helps to reduce the dynamic loading and noise of the machine. The accepted oscillatory system of the crusher contributes to this: the directions of action of the elastic forces sum 4 and the elastic forces of the crushed material form a flat spatial system XOYZ (Fig. 1), which is a sign of systems with quasi-zero stiffness. In addition, the crushed material adhering to the rolls 2 is removed by scrapers 7, which increases the operational reliability of the crusher. The proposed crusher can grind high humidity material, while in existing crushers the humidity should not exceed 2-4 otherwise the working bodies stick and clog.

Claims (2)

 1. Crusher for grain and lump materials, containing rolls, a plate made in the form of a triangular pyramid with concave side surfaces, half-wrapping the rolls, vibration exciter, loading hopper, characterized in that the plate is installed above the rolls inside the loading hopper.  2. Crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the rolls are provided with scrapers at the bottom.