RU148092U1 - GRAIN DRYER - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Grain dryer containing a vertical drying chamber 1 with heating, drying and cooling zones of grain, a drying hopper 2, means for moving the drying agent 3, air heaters 4, a lower discharge cone 5 with a dispenser 16 and ducts, characterized in that the ducts are made in the form of a central air pipe 6, installed coaxially with the drying chamber 1, divided by blind horizontal partitions 7 into several sections, each of the sections of the air pipe 6 is equipped with perforations distributed over the height oriented inserts 8, which serve as sources or drains of the drying agent, the wall of the drying chamber 1 is enclosed in a thermally insulated casing 9, also divided by blank horizontal partitions 10 into several sections, each of which is also equipped with perforated inserts 11 distributed over the height, the number of perforated inserts 8 and 11 and the distance between them is such that the hydraulic resistance of the grain between the source insert and the insert-drain of the drying agent in the heating, drying and cooling zones is minim no blowing and provides multiple grain drying agent across the direction of movement of the grain potoka.2. A grain drying plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower section of the central air pipe 6 in the region of the discharge cone 5 is connected to the source of the drying agent by means of a pipe 12 with low hydraulic resistance and is equipped with an air damper 13.3. Grain dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the hopper 2 is equipped with sensors 14 and 15, respectively, of the upper and lower grain levels,

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and can be used for drying grain and seeds of various industrial crops, both independently and as part of a drying and sorting complex. The utility model allows to simplify the design of the device, automate the drying process and prevent overheating of the grain with a drying agent.

A drying unit is known, including a vertical insulated casing, a loading hopper, an unloading window, a conveying screw coaxially mounted inside the casing, a grain cooling device consisting of a fan installed in the upper part of the casing opposite the unloading window, and an air duct, as well as heating elements, placed under a layer of heat-insulating material between the feed hopper and the discharge window. The unloading window is equipped with a return sleeve, with the ability to feed grain for re-drying (patent RU 2506509, F26B 17/22, publ. 07.20.2013).

The drawback of the drying installation is the large metal consumption of the structure and high energy costs associated with raising the grain with a screw to a considerable height. In addition, the grain is heated unevenly over the cross section of the casing and may overheat at the walls of the casing.

Known grain drying unit, made in the form of separate functional units, containing loading and unloading bins, a drying shaft with internal ducts and dampers forming a drying and cooling drying zone, supply and exhaust channels, an air heater, a fan and air ducts. Between the feed channel and the drying shaft, a distribution chute with dampers is installed along the entire height of the drying shaft, guiding the drying agent to various zones of the drying shaft. Between the drying shaft and the discharge channel a chute is installed that collects the spent coolant (RF patent No. 2227880, F26B 17/12, publ. 04/27/2004).

In the described grain dryer, the heated air through the inlet channel and the distribution chute enters the drying shaft, into which the processed seed material or grain is preliminarily loaded by means of a noriya. Hot air passing through the grain takes moisture and through the outlet channel and the collecting chute goes into the atmosphere.

Known grain dryer is metal-intensive and complex in design. The control of the drying process is difficult to automate due to the presence of numerous air dampers. Air ducts are located outside the drying chamber, which leads to significant heat loss.

The closest device is a mine block grain dryer (RU 2113669, F26B 17/12, publ. 06/20/1998). The grain is fed by noria to the drying hopper, the vertical drying chamber is conditionally divided into drying and cooling zones, inside of which along the entire height of the mines there are supply and exhaust ducts for supplying and removing the drying agent in the drying zone and for supplying and removing cooling air in the grain cooling zone. Air ducts are made in the form of vertical side plates with perforation. The grain dryer is equipped with a means for moving the drying agent, at the bottom there is a cold air blower that cools the grain and goes to the heater, for which there is a furnace for burning fuel, the heated air is again pumped into the drying chamber, blows off a layer of chamois, and then is sucked out by the fan drying and discharged into the atmosphere. The device is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the design complexity and high metal consumption of the device. A large number of baskets in the drying chamber prevents the gravitational flow of grain and creates stagnant zones, causing uneven drying of grain.

The objective of the utility model is to simplify the design of the device, automate the drying process and eliminate the possibility of overheating of the grain with a drying agent.

To solve the problem in a well-known shaft-type dryer, including a vertical drying chamber with heating, drying and cooling zones of grain, a lower discharge cone with a flow meter, means for moving the drying agent of the suction and / or discharge type, air heaters and an air duct system for blowing grain drying agent across the direction of movement of the grain flow, the drying chamber is divided into three zones: heating, drying and cooling. The novelty of the device lies in the new design of the duct system providing heating of the grain with a drying agent in the upper zone of the drying chamber, drying of grain in the middle zone and cooling of the dried grain in the lower zone of the drying chamber. The mentioned air ducts are made in the form of a central air pipe installed coaxially in the drying chamber and divided by blind horizontal partitions into several sections, as well as a thermally insulated casing covering the wall of the drying chamber and also divided into several sections by blind horizontal partitions. Pipe sections and sections of a thermally insulated casing are equipped with perforated inserts distributed over the height of the sections. The said inserts serve either as sources or drains of the drying agent, and the number of perforated inserts and the distance between them are such that the hydraulic resistance of the grain between the source insert and the insert-drain is minimal and provides multiple blowing of the grain with the drying agent across the direction of movement of the grain flow.

The degree of drying depends on the power of the heaters 4 and the mass flow rate of the grain, which is controlled by the batcher 16. The insufficiently dried grain can be sent from the lower discharge cone 5 to the drying hopper 2 for re-drying with the help of a lifting device. If necessary, gentle drying, for example, for seed grain, grain drying complex may contain several of the claimed devices that operate in series.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a grain dryer.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows a simplified version of a grain drying plant, where the radial-type suction fan serves as a means of moving the drying agent.

Grain dryer works as follows.

The grain to be dried is fed by noriya to the loading hopper 2, from where it flows by gravity through several loading nozzles into the vertical drying chamber 1 (Fig. 1). For uniformity of drying, the drying chamber is expediently performed in a cylindrical shape. The drying agent is sucked in by the fan 3 from the upper section 9-1, where the minimum pressure of the drying agent is realized. The greatest pressure is realized in the lower section 9-3 of the heat shield. In the absence of a lower casing, which, according to the utility model, is optional (see FIG. 2), this is normal atmospheric pressure. Overcoming the hydraulic resistance of the grain layer, cold air enters the perforated insert-drain of section 6-3 of the central pipe 6, is heated by electric heaters 4 to the required temperature, blows the grain layer through hot perforated source-insert 8 of section 6-3 and through the nearest perforated insert - drain 11 enters the heat-shielding casing 9. The number of perforated inserts 8 and 11 and the distance between them are chosen such that the hydraulic resistance of the grain between the source insert and the insert is one hundred ohms minimum drying agent and provides a grain dryer blowing agent across the direction of movement of the grain flow. Then, the drying agent (air) sequentially passes through the sections of the central pipe and heat shield 9-2, 6-2, 9-1, 6-1. In this case, the drying agent repeatedly blows the gravitational grain flow in the radial direction, either from the central pipe 6 to the perforated insert of the drying chamber 1, or from the cavity of the heat-shielding casing 9 to the perforated insert of the central pipe 6, removing moisture from the grain. The direction of movement of the drying agent is shown by arrows. Wet air enters the upper part of the air pipe 6 and is emitted by the fan into the atmosphere.

The mass flow of grain, the time of its interaction with the drying agent and the exit from the discharge cone 5 is controlled by the dispenser 16. The degree of filling of the loading hopper 2 is controlled by sensors 14 and 15, respectively, of the upper and lower grain levels, electrically connected with the dispenser 16 and with the device for feeding grain to the loading hopper .

To warm up the grain at the start of the installation, when cooling is not required, the lower section of the central air pipe 6 in the area of the discharge cone 5 is connected to the source of the drying agent via the nozzle 12 with low hydraulic resistance and is equipped with an air damper 13. When the damper 13 is open, cold air suction through perforated insert in the lower part of the drying hopper, the air after heating in the lower section 6-3 of the air pipe 6 enters directly into section 9-2 of the heat shield 9.

The embodiment of FIG. 2, it is easy to manufacture and operate, it is used at relatively low grain productivity, for example, in small peasant farms.

Automation of the drying process for grains of different humidity is carried out by selecting the capacity of the dispenser 16, the power of the fans 3, the number and calorific value of the heaters 4, the distance between the grain level sensors 14 and 15.

The technical result of the utility model is to simplify the design of the device, automate the drying process and eliminate the possibility of overheating of the grain with a drying agent.

The above schemes do not exhaust the variety of the specific implementation of the device, the claimed formula of the utility model. For example, perforated inserts can be made in the form of breathable windows, or in the form of a cylindrical belt, etc. Bibliography:

1 Patent RU No. 2506509, F26B 17/22, publ. 07/20/2013

2. Patent RU No. 2227880, F26B 17/12, publ. 04/27/2004

3. Patent RU No. 2113669, F26B 17/12, publ. 06/20/1998 (prototype).

Claims (3)

1. Grain dryer containing a vertical drying chamber 1 with heating, drying and cooling zones of grain, a drying hopper 2, means for moving the drying agent 3, air heaters 4, a lower discharge cone 5 with a dispenser 16 and ducts, characterized in that the ducts are made in the form of a central air pipe 6, installed coaxially with the drying chamber 1, divided by blind horizontal partitions 7 into several sections, each of the sections of the air pipe 6 is equipped with perforations distributed over the height oriented inserts 8, which serve as sources or drains of the drying agent, the wall of the drying chamber 1 is enclosed in a thermally insulated casing 9, also divided by blank horizontal partitions 10 into several sections, each of which is also equipped with perforated inserts 11 distributed over the height, the number of perforated inserts 8 and 11 and the distance between them is such that the hydraulic resistance of the grain between the source insert and the insert-drain of the drying agent in the heating, drying and cooling zones is minim no blowing and provides multiple grain drying agent across the direction of movement of the grain flow. 2. Grain dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower section of the central air pipe 6 in the area of the discharge cone 5 is connected to the source of the drying agent by means of a pipe 12 with low hydraulic resistance and is equipped with an air damper 13. 3. Grain dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed hopper 2 is equipped with sensors 14 and 15, respectively, of the upper and lower grain levels, electrically connected to the dispenser 16 of the discharge cone and the device for feeding grain into the feed hopper.

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