KR20080032127A - 육모제 - Google Patents
육모제 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20080032127A KR20080032127A KR1020087002330A KR20087002330A KR20080032127A KR 20080032127 A KR20080032127 A KR 20080032127A KR 1020087002330 A KR1020087002330 A KR 1020087002330A KR 20087002330 A KR20087002330 A KR 20087002330A KR 20080032127 A KR20080032127 A KR 20080032127A
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- soybean
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Abstract
본 발명은, 우수한 육모 효과를 갖는 신규의 육모제를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 발명의 육모제는, 가공반숙 대두 및/또는 가공반숙 대두 추출물과, 가공 하수오, 가공 하수오 추출물, 가공 대근우피소 및 가공 대근우피소 추출물로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 1종을 유효 성분으로서 함유하고, 바람직하게는 또한, 용안핵 및/또는 용안핵 추출물을 함유한다. 본 발명의 육모제는 경구 또는 외용으로 사용하여도 부작용이 없는데다, 6 내지 12주간이라는 짧은 기간에, 모발을 현저하게 성장시키고, 또한 모발의 윤기도 향상시킬 수가 있다.
육모, 육모제, 탈모, 박모
Description
본 발명은, 탈모 및 박모(薄毛)에 극히 효과적이면서 안전한 육모제(育毛劑)에 관한 것이다.
탈모 및 박모는, 전세계에 있어서 인류 공통의 고민의 하나이다. 탈모 및 박모의 원인은 다양하고, 예를 들면 남성 호르몬의 과활성화, 모낭에의 혈류량의 감소, 피지 분비의 과잉 등이 생각된다. 이들의 원인은, 나이 먹음이나 스트레스, 생활 습관 등이라고 말하여지고 있다.
현재 시판되고 있는, 또는 제안되고 있는 육모제에는, 탈모 및 박모의 원인을 제거하는 물질, 예를 들면, 각종의 생약 추출물이나 식품 추출물, 혈관 확장 작용을 갖는 화합물 등이 배합되어 있다.
대두(大豆)가 함유하는 이소플라본 등의 성분이 육모 작용을 갖는 것이나, 대두를 육모제의 성분으로서 사용하는 것은, 지금까지도 제안되고 있는 것이다. 예를 들면, 특허 문헌 1(일본 특개 2001-238637호 공보)에는, 기장, 은행잎 추출물, 및 대두 등에 유래하는 이소플라본을 함유하는, 모발의 육성에 유효한 식품 조성물 이 개시되어 있다. 특허 문헌 2(일본 특개 2002-053434호 공보)에는, 대두 및/또는 칡에 유래하는 이소플라본을 함유하는 모발 처리제가 개시되어 있다. 또한, 특허 문헌 3(일본 특개평 08-127517호 공보)에는, 흑(黑)대두의 끓인 국물을 외용(外用)의 육모·탈모 방지제의 성분으로서 배합하는 것이 기재되어 있다.
또한, 하수오(何首烏) 등의 한방 생약을 육모제에 응용하는 것도 제안되고 있다. 특허 문헌 4(일본 특개평03-206019호 공보)에는, 외용의 양모제의 성분으로서, 검은콩이나 하수오 등을 사용할 수 있는 것이 기재되어 있다. 또한, 특허 문헌 5(일본 특개평06-227946호 공보)에는, 인삼 등의 한방 생약을 황주(黃酒)등의 주류로 추출하여 얻어지는 추출액을 발모 촉진제로서 이용하는 것이 기재되어 있다.
또한, 무환자(無患子)나무과의 식물인 용안(龍眼, Euphoria Longana (Lour.) Steud.)에 관해서는, 용안의 과육의 물 및/또는 수용성 유기 용매 추출물이, 발모·육모 촉진 효과를 갖는 것이 알려져 있다(특허 문헌 6 : 일본 특개평06-100421호 공보). 또한, 용안의 종자의 추출물은 보습 작용 등을 가지며, 피부 외용제에 배합하여 이용할 수 있다고 기재되어 있다(특허 문헌 7 : 일본 특개2002-145732호 공보).
그러나, 상기한 발명과 같은 생약 추출물이나 식품 추출물을 유효 성분으로 한 종래의 육모제(일본에서는 「의약부외품(醫藥部外品)」으로 분류되는 것이 많다)는, 입수가 용이한 것이지만, 육모 효과는 충분하지 않은 것이 지적되고 있다. 한편, 임상치료약으로서 사용되고 있는, 의약품으로 분류되는 육모제는, 주로 혈압 강하제나 남성 호르몬 활성 억제제 등의 내과류 약품인데, 일정한 육모 효과를 갖 는 것이지만, 부작용의 우려가 염려되고 있고, 게다가, 이들의 약품의 입수에는 의사의 진찰이 필요하기 때문에, 일반적으로는 보급되고 있지 않다는 상황에 있다.
이와 같은 배경하에서, 매일 눈에 띄고 있는 많은 탈모자들은, 안전하며 효과가 있는 실용적인 육모제가 없는 것을 이야기하고 있다.
특허 문헌 1 : 일본 특개2001-238637호 공보
특허 문헌 2 : 일본 특개2002-053434호 공보
특허 문헌 3 : 일본 특개평08-127517호 공보
특허 문헌 4 : 일본 특개평03-206019호 공보
특허 문헌 5 : 일본 특개평06-227946호 공보
특허 문헌 6 : 일본 특개평06-100421호 공보
특허 문헌 7 : 일본 특개2002-145732호 공보
발명이 해결하고자 하는 과제
본 발명의 목적은, 현저하게 육모 효과가 있고, 게다가, 부작용이 없는 신규의 육모제를 제공하는 것에 있다.
과제를 해결하기 위한 수단
본 발명자는, 생미(生味)가 가셔져 있지만 과도한 가열에 의한 분말화에는 이르지 않은 범위에서 가열하여 얻어지는 가공반숙(加工半熟) 대두, 생(生)것 그대로의, 또는 완전히 가열 처리된 대두와 비교하여 우수한 육모 작용을 가지며, 육모제에 있어서의 중요한 역할을 다하는 것을 발견하고, 본 발명을 완성시키는데 이르었다.
본 발명의 육모제는, 육모 작용을 상승적(相乘的)으로 높이기 위해, 상기 가공반숙 대두와, 가공 하수오 또는 가공 대근우피소(大根牛皮消)를 조합시켜서 이용한다. 여기서, 상기 가공 하수오 및 가공 대근우피소는, 흑대두(黑大豆)의 추출물과 주류(酒類)를 각각 생(生) 하수오 및 생 대근우피소에 함침(含浸)시켜서 얻어지는 것이다. 이들의 성분에 또한, 용안핵(龍眼核)을 배합하여 이용하는 것도, 모발의 윤기를 보다 한층 향상시키는 것 등으로 바람직하다. 또한, 본 발명의 육모제에서는, 상기 가공반숙 대두, 가공 하수오, 가공 대근우피소 및 용안핵 각각의 추출물을 이용하는 것도 가능하다.
이와 같은 본 발명의 육모제는, 경구(經口) 제제로서 단독으로 복용할 수 있지만, 음식료품에 첨가하여 경구 섭취하여도 좋고, 또한, 외피 도포제 등 외용의 상태로 하는 것도 가능하다.
발명의 효과
본 발명에 의하면, 가공반숙 대두, 가공 하수오, 가공 대근우피소, 용안핵 등을 유효 성분으로서 함유함에 의해, 우수한 발모 및 육모 효과를 발휘하는 육모제가 제공된다. 특히, 본 발명의 육모제는 경구 또는 외용으로 사용하여도 부작용이 없는데다, 6 내지 12주간이라는 짧은 기간에, 모발을 현저하게 성장시킬 수 있다. 게다가, 백발을 검게 할 수도 있다. 또한, 머리카락의 윤기나, 광택을 개선할 수도 있다.
또한, 종래의 육모제는, 캡슐이나 정제(錠劑) 타입이 많고, 섭취하면 약을 복용하고 있는것 같은 느낌이 들어, 유쾌한 것이라고는 할 수 없다. 이에 대해, 본 발명의 육모제는, 우수한 육모 효과를 갖고 있는데다, 쿠키나 센베이, 오까끼(일본 쌀과자), 아라래(일본 과자의 일종), 일본풍 과자, 크래커 등의 맛있는 식품 제제로 가공하여, 경구 섭취할 수 있다. 「맛있게 먹어서, 즐겁게 육모」하는 것을 가능하게 하였다. 이와 같은 이유로, 본 발명의 육모제는, 육모에 대한 획기적인 유효 성분으로서 평가 가치가 있다.
도 1은 복용 전후에서의 탈모의 정도의 변화를 도시하는 그래프. 조성물 1, 조성물 2 또는 조성물 3을 섭취한 군에서는 현저한 육모 효과가 발현하였다.
도 2는 조성물 1을 섭취한 전후의 사진(A:섭취전, B:섭취후)으로, 도 1을 서포트하는 데이터가 된다. 조성물 1의 육모(발모) 효과가 확인되었다.
도 3은 조성물 2를 섭취한 전후의 사진(C:섭취전, D:섭취후)으로, 도 1을 서포트하는 데이터가 된다. 조성물 2의 육모(발모) 효과가 확인되었다.
도 4는 조성물 3을 섭취한 전후의 사진(E:섭취전, F:섭취후)으로, 도 1을 서포트하는 데이터가 된다. 조성물 3의 육모(발모) 효과가 확인되었다.
도 5는 복용 전후에서의 모근부의 통증의 변화를 도시하는 그래프. 조성물 1, 조성물 2, 또는 조성물 3에 대해서는, 모근부의 통증 감각이 증강하였다.
육모(育毛)란, 「현재 있는 머리카락의 털을 건강하게 유지하고, 탈모를 막고, 강한 머리카락으로 하는」것이다(일본 모발업협회에 의한 육모의 정의). 본 발명에서의 육모 작용도 기본적으로는 이와 같은 작용을 가리키고, 보다 구체적으로는, 예를 들면 모발의 두께, 윤기나 광택이 개선되거나, 그 작용이 현저한 경우의 예로서, 두피의 이미 탈모하고 있는 부분에 두발이 재차 보여지게 되는(이른바 발모) 것등을 포함한, 광의의 작용을 말한다.
이하, 본 발명의 육모제에 함유되는 가공반숙 대두, 가공 하수오, 가공 대근우피소, 용안핵 등의 각 성분 및 그 조제 방법, 육모제의 배합 조성, 육모제의 사용 양태 등에 관해, 순차적으로 설명한다.
육모제에
함유되는 각 성분
[가공반숙 대두]
본 발명의 육모제에서의 「가공반숙 대두」의 원료가 되는 대두(학명 : Glycine max(L.)Merr.)는, 콩과 대두속에 속하는 식물 종피(種皮)가 황색의 종자이다. 원산지는 중국이고, 야요이(彌生) 중기에 일본에 전래하고, 카마쿠라(鎌倉) 시대로부터 널리 재배되게 되었다.
일본에서, 대두는, 종피(種皮)의 색으로부터 주로 황(黃)대두, 청(靑)대두, 흑(黑)대두로 분류되어 있다. 황대두는 가장 일반적으로 나돌고 있고, 이른바 「대두」라고 불리고 있는 것이고, 니마메(煮豆, 콩자반), 낫토(納豆, 한국의 청국장 비슷한 발효식품), 두부, 된장 등의 원료로서 사용되고 있다. 청대두는, 연두색 콩가루나 일본풍 과자의 원료에 자주 사용되고 있다. 흑대두는, 이른바 「검은콩」으로서 먹고 있다.
본 발명에서 사용되는 「가공반숙 대두」의 원료로서는, 상기 어느 쪽의 대두도 이용할 수 있지만, 특히 황대두를 이용하는 것이 알맞다.
또한, 대두는, 종자의 형상으로부터는 대립종(大粒種), 중(中)립종, 소(小)립종으로 분류된다. 본 발명에서는, 어느 크기의 대두라도 사용할 수 있다. 또한, 본 발명에서는 어느 품종의 대두라도 사용할 수 있다.
또한, 가공반숙 대두의 제조할 때에는, 대두를 탈피(脫皮), 또는 탈항축(脫肛軸), 또는 탈피 탈항축 하여 사용하는 것도 가능하다. 또한, 감마선 등의 방사선을 조사한 대두를 사용하는 것도 가능하다.
대두로부터 추출된 시토스테롤, 인지질, 펩티드, 이소플라본, 사포닌 또는 다당류 또는 대두 발효 엑기스 등은, 그 육모 작용이 지적되고 있다. 그러나, 생(生)대두는 위에 자극성을 가지며, 또한, 대두 단백의 효소에 의한 가수분해 산물은 육모 작용과는 전혀 정반대의 「발모 억제」 작용을 갖는 것이 지적되고 있다(일본 특개2004-182687호 공보). 본 발명에서는, 대두에 대해 이하와 같은 가공반숙 처리를 행함에 의해, 안전하고 육모 효과가 높은 유효 성분으로 할 수 있다.
본 발명에서, 「가공반숙 대두」란, 대두의 생미(生味)가 없어져 있지만, 과 도한 가열에 의한 분말화에는 이르지 않은 범위에서 가열 처리한 대두를 말한다. 가열용 기구로서는, 가스 곤로 외에, 예를 들면, 오븐, 전자 레인지, 토스터 등의 가정용 가열 기구와, 핫 플레이트, 맨틀 히터, 전기로, 러버 히터, 돌려감은형 히터, 투입형 히터, 연구실용 히터, 전기 곤로 등의 실험실용 또는 공장용 대형 가열 기구 등을 들 수 있고, 특별히 한정되는 것이 아니다. 또한, 교반용 조리 소기구도 적절히 이용할 수 있다.
이와 같은 가공반숙 처리된 대두는, 보다 구체적으로는, 예를 들면 하기한 바와 같은 방법에 의해 얻을 수 있지만, 이것들로 한정되는 것이 아니다. 이용하는 가열 기구의 양태나 이용하는 대두의 양, 대두를 물로 세정 유무 등에 의해, 가열의 조건은 변동하는 경우가 있다.
(1) 가스 곤로로 프라이팬을 예열한 후에 건조된 대두를 넣고, 중불로 가열을 계속하면서, 30초 내지 10분간, 바람직하게는 1 내지 5분간 교반한다.
(2) 90 내지 100℃의 열수(熱水)에 대두를 넣고, 3초부터 60분간, 바람직하게는 10초부터 10분간, 보다 바람직하게는 30초부터 3분간, 가열 처리한다. 열수 대신에, 식용 가능한 기름(예를 들면, 샐러드유, 참기름, 튀김 전용유, 홍화유(紅花油), 올리브유, 성분을 고려한 기름 등을 들 수 있지만, 특별히 한정되는 것은 아니다.)을 사용하는 것도 가능하다. 기름의 온도는, 60℃ 내지 480℃의 범위의 것을 사용할 수 있지만, 바람직하게는 100℃ 내지 300℃, 보다 바람직하게는 180℃ 내지 250℃이다. 또한, 그 밖의 식용 가능한 액체를 갖는 것도 가능하다.
(3) 온수(30℃ 내지 90℃의 저온수, 바람직하게는 60℃부터 80℃)에, 대두를 10분부터 3일간 침지(浸漬)시킨다.
(4) 대두를 찜통 등에 넣고, 100℃ 내지 380℃, 바람직하게는 150℃부터 300℃의 수증기를 이용하여, 3초부터 60분간, 바람직하게는 10초부터 10분간, 보다 바람직하게는 30초부터 3분간, 가열 처리한다.
(5) 오븐을 이용하여, 200℃ 내지 220℃에서 20분 가열하고 나서, 순차적으로 170℃에서 30분, 150℃에서 40분 가열한다.
[가공 하수오]
본 발명의 육모제에서의 「가공 하수오」는, 생(生) 하수오에, 흑대두의 추출물과 주류(酒類)를 함침(含浸)시켜서 얻어지는 것이다.
하수오(何首烏)는, 마디풀과 식물 적하수오(학명: Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.)의 괴근(塊根)을 건조한 것이다. 중국의 송의 시대의 「개보본초(開寶本草)」에 수재(收載)되었다. 괴경(塊莖)을 건조하였을 뿐인 것은 「생(生) 하수오」, 이것을 가열 처리한 것을 「숙(熟) 하수오」라고 한다.
하수오는, emodin, rhein, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, physcion 등 디안트론류 성분, 2,3,5,4-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside, 3-methyl-1,6,8-tri-hydroxyanthraquinone, 2,6-dihydroxy-benzoic acid, 1,2-propanediol-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl), emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside, 8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, chrysophanol 8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, torachrysone 8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, aloe-emodin 8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, chrysophanol 8-O-β-D-(6'-O- malonyl)glucopyranoside, (+)-lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene-2,3-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, Me indole-3-(L-α-amino-α-hydroxypropionate), citreorosein, Me gallate, anthraquinones, sennoside A, sennoside B 등의 성분, 또한 하수오의 성분적 특장(特長)으로서, 식물의 평균 함유량에 대해, 높은 Ca, Fe, Cu, K, Mn, Zn과 P를 함유하고 있다.
하수오는, 안트라키논류 물질을 갖기 때문에, 생으로 섭취한 경우, 변이 묽게 되는, 또는 가벼운 설사, 또는 설사를 하는 것이 있다. 이 때문에, 하수오는, 평소, 숙(熟) 하수오로 가공하고 나서 사용되고 있다. 숙 하수오에는 자양강장 작용이 있고, 귀울림, 백발(白髮), 불면증, 정자(精子) 발육 불량, 다리와 허리의 쇠퇴, 고지혈증, 만성 간염, 신경쇠약 등의 치료에 사용되고 있다. 근래에는, 혈청 콜레스테롤 강하 작용을 이용하여, 두피의 피지 분비를 억제하기 위해, 여러 가지의 육모제에 첨가되어 있다(예를 들면 일본 특개평2-48514호 공보 등). 그러나, 하수오의 육모 작용은 효력이 약하고, 단독으로는 현저한 효과가 얻기 어렵기 때문에, 다른 약재와 배합하여 사용되는 경우가 많다.
한편, 흑대두는, 전술한 바와 같이, 콩과 대두속에 속하는 식물 종피(種皮)가 흑색인 종자이다. 일본에서는, 홋카이도와 오카야마 효우고현은 주산지이다. 혈전증, 고혈압, 간장병, 당뇨병, 결석증, 관절염, 다이어트, 암 예방에 효과가 있다고 말하여지고, 흑대두차(茶), 두유 짠것, 콩과자, 과자, 오카키[일본 전통 과자류], 된장, 끓임요리 등의 형태로 먹고 있다.
또한, 가공 하수오의 제조에서 사용된 주류로서는, 음용 또는 조리용에 사용되고 있는 일반적인 주류를 이용할 수 있지만, 그 중에서도 황주(黃酒)가 육모 작용에 대한 효과의 점에서 특히 바람직하다. 황주는, 주로 찹쌀과 맥국(麥麴)을 원료로 하여, 일정한 연수(1년 내지 수십년)를 숙성시킨 양조주이다. 색이 황색(갈색이나 호박색)이 되기 때문에 「황주」라고 불린다. 장기 숙성시키는 것이여서 「노주(老酒)(늙은 술)」라고도 불리고 있다. 에도시대(江戶時代), 나카가와주에이(中川忠英)에 의해 일본에 소개되었다(나카가와 주에이 : 「청속기문(淸俗紀聞)」, 1799년). 소흥주(紹興酒)는, 일본에서 잘 알려지고 있는 황주의 하나이다. 황주의 알코올도(度)는, 숙성 연수에 의해 다소의 차이가 있만, 대개, 14% 내지 20%이다. 황주는 그 원산국인 중국에서는, 주로 조리주(調理酒)로서 사용되고 있다.
본 발명에서는, 하수오의 육모 작용을 충분히 인출하기 위해, 하수오에 흑대두 추출물과, 황주로 대표되는 주류를 함침시켜서, 「가공 하수오」로서 사용한다. 여기서, 상기 「흑대두 추출물」이란, 예를 들면, 흑대두를 삶어서 얻어지는 열수 추출물 등이다. 그리고, 생 하수오를, 흑대두 추출물과 주류와 함께 이들을 함침시킨 후, 건조시킴으로서, 본 발명에서의 가공 하수오를 얻을 수 있다. 이와 같은 함침 공정은, 예를 들면 중탕을 이용하여, 또는 조리 용기 내에서 바짝 졸이는 등으로 가열하면서 행하는 것이 바람직하다. 또한, 이와 같은 가공 하수오의 제조 방법에 있어서, 흑대두 추출물의 조제 방법 및 추출에 이용하는 용매, 흑대두 추출물 및 주류의 하수오에의 함침 방법, 함침 후의 건조 방법은 특별히 한정되는 것이 아니고, 공지의 방법을 이용할 수 있다.
[가공 대근우피소]
본 발명에서의 가공 대근우피소의 원료로서 사용되는 「대근우피소」는 약명(상품명)이고, 주로 Cynanchum bungei Decne.가 사용되고 있지만, Cynanchum auriculatum Royle (Asclepiadaceae), Asclepias hastata Bunge. Enum., Cynanchum hastatum Lamarck, Symphyoglossum hastatum (Bunge) Turczaninow, Vincetoxicum hastatum (Bunge) Kuntze.도 소량이지만, 대근우피소로서 약용식물 시장에서 유통되고 있다. 즉, 「대근우피소」는, 이들의 식물 내의 일종 또는 2종 이상의 혼합물이고, 이것은 중국에서 인정되고 있는 것이다. 상기 Cynanchum bungei Decne.는, 중국 산동성을 주산지로 하고, 일본에서의 자생은 확인되어 있지 않다.
대근우피소는, Bungeiside A, Bungeiside B, Bungeiside C, Bungeiside D, Blumenol, (-)Leucanthemitol, β-Sitosterol glucoside, 4-Hydroxyacetophenone, Cynanchol 등의 성분을 함유한다.
대근우피소는, 식물 전체가 약리 작용을 갖지만, 평소, 그 뿌리부와 줄기부, 덩굴부(藤部)가 사용되고 있다. 「생(生) 대근우피소」란, 이들을 건조시킨 것을 말한다. 간(肝)기능, 신(腎)기능 및 혈액의 기능을 향상시키는 효과가 있기 때문에, 강장약으로서 사용되고 있다.
본 발명의 육모 물질에서는, 상기 대근우피소를, 가공 하수오에서의 경우와 마찬가지의 가공 처리 방법에 의한 가공 대근우피소로서 함유시킨다. 즉, 생 대근우피소를 흑대두 추출물과 황주 등의 주류와 함께 중탕 등으로 가열하여 이들을 함 침시킨 후, 건조시킴으로써, 본 발명에서의 가공 대근우피소를 얻을 수 있다.
[용안핵(龍眼核)]
본 발명에서의 「용안핵」은, 용안(龍眼, 학명 : Euphoria Longanana (Lour.) Steud.)의 종자이다. 용안은, 무환자(無患子)나무과의 상록 고목(高木)이고, 남아시아로부터 동남아시아, 및 중국에 걸쳐서 과일으로서 재배되고 있다. 중국에서는, 용안은 통상, 3월 내지 4월경에 꽃이 피고, 7월 내지 10월경에 과실이 성숙한다. Uridine, 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furfuraldehyde, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl 1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, Etβ-D-glucopyranoside, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfuraldehyde, α- and β-amyrin, lupeol, 24-methylenelanost-8-en-3β-ol, 24-methyleneparkeol, 24-methylenecycloartanol, 44-methylsterols, 64-desmethylsterols 등의 성분을 함유한다.
용안의 과실은, 껍질부(종피부), 육부(肉部)(가종피(假種皮)), 및 핵(종자)로 구성되어 있다. 이 중, 용안의 육부는 독특한 단맛과 엷은 향을 가지며, 과일로서 먹여지고 있다. 이 육부의 건조물(乾燥物)은, 중국에서는 「용안육(龍眼肉)」(또는 「용안건(龍眼乾)」, 「용안간(龍眼干)」)으로서 알려지고, 「보혈」작용을 갖는 것으로 인식되어 있다. 즉, 용안육은, 혈액 순환을 개선하고, 혈액의 작용을 높이는 작용을 갖는 것으로서, 생약의 약재로서 오래전부터 사용되고 있다. 또한, 일본에서도 용안육은, 그 보혈 작용이 인식되어 있고, 일본한약으로서 일본약국방(日本藥局方)에 수재되고, 보험약으로서 사용되고 있다. 한편, 용안핵은 지금까지, 식용 또는 약용으로서 가치가 없는 것으로 되어, 폐기되고 있다.
본 발명의 육모제에 용안핵을 이용하는 경우, 습윤 상태 및 건조 상태의 어느 것을 이용하여도 좋다. 또한, 가공 하수오의 제조에서의 경우와 같은 처리 방법에 의해, 용안핵을 가공 용안핵까지로 가공하여 사용하면, 육모 효과가 더욱 증강한다고 생각된다.
[각 성분의 추출물]
본 발명의 육모제에는, 상술한 바와 같은 가공반숙 대두, 가공 하수오, 용안핵, 대근우피소 각각으로부터 용매에 의해 추출된 추출물, 또는 이것들의 추출물을 건조시켜서 얻어지는 건조물을 사용할 수 있다. 예를 들면, 가공반숙 대두, 가공 하수오, 용안핵, 대근우피소의 각각으로부터 얻어진 상기 추출물 또는 상기 건조물을 육모제에 배합하도록 하여도 좋고, 각각의 분말을 함유하는 조성물을 조제한 후에 그 추출물을 얻도록 하여도 좋다. 비(非)추출물과 추출물을 조합시켜서 사용하는 것도 가능하다.
또한, 상기 추출물을 농축, 건고(乾固)한 물건을 물이나 극성 용매에 재차 용해하거나, 또는 이들의 생리 작용을 손상시키지 않는 범위에서 탈색, 탈취, 탈염(脫鹽) 등의 정제(精製) 처리를 행하거나, 칼럼 크로마토그래피 등에 의한 분획(分劃) 처리를 행한 후에 본 발명의 육모 물질에 사용하여도 좋다. 상기 추출물 및 그 처리물(또는 분획물)은, 각 처리(또는 분획) 후에 동결 건조하고, 사용시에 용매에 용해하여 사용하여도 좋고, 또는 리포솜 등의 베시클이나 마이크로 캡슐 등에 내포시켜서 사용하여도 좋다.
다음에, 상술한 바와 같은 추출물의 조제(調製) 방법에 관해 이하에 설명한다.
육모제의 각 유효 성분의 추출물을 조제할 때, 추출 효율을 고려하면, 세절(細切), 건조, 분쇄 등의 처리를 행한 후에 추출을 행하는 것이 바람직하다. 추출은, 추출 용매에 침지하던지, 또는 초임계(超臨界) 유체나 아임계(亞臨界) 유체를 사용하여 행할 수 있다. 추출 용매를 사용하는 경우, 추출 효율을 올리기 위해, 추출 용매를 교반하거나, 또는 추출 용매 중에서 호모게나이즈하거나 하여도 좋다. 추출 온도는, 예를 들면 약 5℃부터, 추출 용매의 비등점 -10℃ 이하의 온도까지의 범위 내로 하는 것이 바람직하다. 추출 시간은, 추출 용매의 종류나 추출 온도에 의해서도 다르지만, 예를 들면, 약 1분간 내지 약 14일간으로 하는 것이 바람직하다.
추출 용매의 종류로서는, 특히 한정되지 않지만, 예를 들면, 물이나 유기 용매를 들 수 있다. 유기 용매로서는, 메탄올, 에탄올, 1-프로판올, 2-프로판올, n-부탄올, s-부탄올, t-부탄올 등의 저급 알코올류, 에틸렌글리콜, 1,3-부틸렌글리콜, 프로필렌글리콜, 디프로필렌글리콜, 글리세린 등의 다가 알코올류, 디에틸에테르, 디프로필에테르 등의 에테르류, 아세트산 부틸, 아세트산 에틸 등의 에스테르류, 아세톤, 에칠메칠케톤 등의 케톤류, 포름산, 아세트산 등의 유기산류, 디메틸술폭시드, 아세토니릴, 테트라하이드로푸란, 디옥산, 페놀류, 그 밖의 친유성 유기 용매(예를 들면, 클로로포름, 펜탄, 헥산, 시클로헥산, 벤젠, 톨루엔, 크실렌 및 유채유 등의 식물유지) 등 사용할 수 있고, 이 중 1종 또는 2종 이상을 선택하여 사용할 수 있다. 이 중, 안전성의 점에서, 물 또는 에탄올이 바람직하다. 또한, 생리 식염 수, 인산 완충액, 인산 완충 생리 식염수 등을 사용하여도 좋다. 또한, 물이나 이산화탄소, 에틸렌, 프로필렌, 에탄올, 메탄올, 암모니아 등의 1종 또는 2종 이상의 초임계 유체나 아임계 유체를 사용하여도 좋다.
[그 밖의 성분]
본 발명의 육모제는, 상술한 바와 같은 유효 성분 이외의 음식료품, 음식 재료 또는 약제 등과 조합시켜서 사용하는 것이 가능하다. 예를 들면, 신체 건강 상태를 개선하는 음식 재료 또는 그 추출물, 천연 약용물(약용 식물류, 또는 약용 동물류, 또는 약용 광물류) 또는 그 추출물, 일본한약 제제, 서양약 또는 그 밖의 화합물 등과의 배합을 들 수 있다.
그 중의 하나로, 머리카락을 검게 하는 효용이 있는(생강(生薑)과 병용하면 더욱 좋다) 국화과 한련초속의 식물 한련초(Eclipta prostrata L., 일본명 : 타카사부로우(高三朗), 중국명 : 한련초(旱蓮草), 묵한련(墨旱蓮), 예장(魚+豊腸), 예장초(魚+豊腸草) 등, 영명: Eclipta)를 들 수 있다. 한련초(타카사부로우)는, 온대로부터 열대에 널리 분포하고, 일본에서는 홋카이도를 제외한 혼슈 이남에 생육한 일년생 초본이다. 논이나 밭이랑, 수로벽 등에 생육하고 있고, 이른바 논잡초의 하나이다. 여름부터 가을에 걸쳐서, 흰 꽃이 핀다. 벼농사의 도래에 맞추어서 중국에서 함께 온 사전(史前) 귀화식물이 아닌가라고 생각된다. 제2차 세계대전 후에 가 는잎한련초(일본명: 아메리카사부로우(美國三朗))는 일본에 도래하고, 귀화식물로 되었다. 본 발명에서는, 어느 산지(품종)의 한련초도 사용 가능하다. 한련초는, 항균 작용, 항 바이러스 작용, 항 염증 작용을 갖는다. 중국에서는, 약용 식물로서, 1000년 이상의 사용 역사가 있다. 일본 한약적인 표현으로 말하면, 한련초는 신장을 보완하고, 각종의 출혈 증상의 치료에 사용된다.
그 밖의 천연식물류, 또는 동물류, 또는 광물류로서는, 특히 이들로 한정되지 않지만, 예를 들면, 이하의 것을 들 수 있다 ; 쪽풀(람초(藍草)), 명아주(여(藜)), 꼭두서니 뿌리(천근), 예덕나무, 아가리쿠스(agaricus), 아교(阿膠), 산동(山東)아교, 으름덩굴(통초(通草)의 열매, 목통자(木通子), 으름덩굴의 덩굴성 줄기, 목통(木通), 신선초(명일엽(明日葉)), 나한백(羅漢柏) 잎, 감차(甘茶), 감차덩굴, 감야노(甘野老), 아마인(亞麻仁), 산달래, 전복(鰒)류의 껍질, 석결명(石決明), 삼지구엽초, 욱리인(郁李仁), 옥죽(玉竹), 주목, 무화과(無花果)의 열매, 무화과(無花果) 잎, 은행(銀杏), 도묘(稻苗), 위령선(威靈仙), 암천사(岩千舍), 암로(岩로), 인진호(茵蔯蒿), 면인진(綿茵陣), 음양곽(淫羊藿), 회향(茴香), 울금(鬱金), 오두(烏頭), 오조(烏棗), 오적골(烏賊骨), 오매(烏梅), 오약(烏藥), 꿀풀의 화수(花穗), 토여량(兎余糧), 참가시나무, 우바우루시나무, 영실(營實), 가시오가피, 연호삭(延胡索), 연명초(延命草), 황기(黃耆), 황금(黃芩), 첨황(尖黃), 황정(黃精), 황토(黃土), 황백(黃柏), 앵피(櫻皮), 왕불유행(王不留行), 황련(黃連), 갈등(葛藤), 방기(防己), 질경이의 종자, 차전자(車前子), 질경이의 전초(全草), 차전초(車前草), 제절초(弟切草), 원지(遠志), 하고초(夏枯草), 괴화(槐花), 해금 사(海金砂), 회우슬(懷牛膝), 쇠무릎, 우슬(牛膝), 개자(芥子), 해송자(海松子), 해동피(海桐皮), 해인초(海人草), 해백, 애엽(艾葉), 쑥, 연전초(連錢草), 감나무의 잎, 감나무의 열매꼭지, 하고초(夏枯草), 가자(訶子), 아출(莪朮), 곽공(郭公), 갈근(葛根), 활석(滑石), 녹자초(鹿子草), 카밀레(Matricaria chamomilla), 카야츠리 풀, 비자나무(Torreya nucifera)의 열매, 과라나(Guarana), 가리늑(訶梨勒), 가자(訶子), 화리(花利)의 열매, 모과(木瓜), 앵근(櫻根), 괄루근(括樓根), 괄루근 열매, 괄루인, 천류(川柳), 구름버섯, 기성죽(寄性竹), 하원봉(何原蓬), 인진호(茵蔯蒿), 건강(乾姜), 관중(貫衆), 관중(貫仲), 감초(甘草), 동북감초(東北甘草), 서북감초(西北甘草), 감초, 적감초(炙甘草), 관중(貫仲), 관동화(款冬花), 관동근(款冬根), 한련초(旱蓮草), 도라지, 길경(桔梗), 길경(桔梗), 국화(菊花), 항국화(杭菊花), 지구자(枳구子), 지구자 열매, 지구자 껍질, 목각두(木角豆), 기성(寄性), 기성죽(寄性竹), 북사삼(北沙蔘), 길초근(吉草根), 귤피(橘皮), 황벽(黃蘗), 황백(黃柏), 구판(龜板), 김네마 실베스타(Gymnema Sylvestre), 호과만(胡瓜蔓), 강활(羌活), 행인(杏仁), 옥죽(玉竹), 금창소초(金瘡小草), 금앵자(金櫻子), 금감(金柑), 금은화(金銀花), 은시호(銀柴胡), 금침채(金針菜), 금전초(金錢草), 짚신나물, 선학초(仙鶴草), 구아바(guava)의 열매, 번과(蕃果), 구아바 잎, 구기자(枸杞子), 구기(枸杞)의 열매, 구기(枸杞)의 근피(根皮), 지골피(地骨皮), 구기엽(枸杞葉) 고삼(苦蔘), 칡(葛)의 뿌리, 갈근(葛根), 구척(狗脊), 치자(梔子), 구맥(瞿麥), 웅세(熊笹), 웅류(熊柳), 호두(胡桃), 고련피(苦棟皮), 흑문자(黑文字), 상다(桑茶), 뽕나무(桑)의 잎, 뽕나무(桑)의 열매, 형개(荊芥), 계혈등(鷄血藤), 계지 (桂枝), 계피(桂皮), 계통계피(桂通桂皮), 광남계피(廣南桂皮), 동흥계피(東興桂皮), 월계수엽(月桂樹葉), 결명자(決明子), 모인삼(毛人參), 견우자(牽牛子), 검실, 권삼(拳蔘), 현삼(玄蔘), 이질풀, 교이(膠飴), 맥아당화이(麥芽糖化飴), 홍화(紅花), 합환피(合歡皮), 항국화(杭菊花), 강향(降香), 담두고(淡豆鼓), 향수(香需), 홍삼(紅蔘), 향부자(香附子), 갱미(粳米), 후박(厚朴), 후박실(厚朴實), 호본(蒿本), 우황(牛黃), 오가삼(五加參), 우슬(牛膝), 회우슬(懷牛膝), 천슬(川膝), 오수유(吳茱萸), 골쇄보(骨碎補), 호도육(胡挑肉), 오배자(五倍子), 호박(琥珀), 우방자(牛蒡子), 호마(胡麻), 오미자(五味子), 호로파(胡盧巴), 시호(柴胡), 시호목(柴胡木), 세신(細辛), 자구로과피((石榴果皮), 석류과피((石榴果皮), 사프란(saffron), 쇄양(鎖陽), 산귀래(山歸來), 산사자(山査子), 산사육(山査肉), 산자고(山慈姑), 산치자(山梔子), 잠사(蠶砂), 산수유(山茱萸), 산초(山椒), 산두근(山豆根), 산조인(酸棗仁), 산편두(山扁豆), 산약(山藥), 삼능(三稜), 지황(地黃), 숙지황(熟地黃), 자원(紫苑), 자화지정(紫花地丁), 사과락(絲瓜絡), 자오가(刺五加), 지골피(地骨皮), 자근(紫根), 경자근(硬紫根), 연자근(軟紫根), 자석(磁石), 자석영(紫石英), 자소자(紫蘇子), 이자(梨子), 질이자(疾梨子), 지부자(地膚子), 자감초(炙甘草), 적석지(赤石脂), 작약(芍藥), 대화작약(大和芍藥), 대갈작약(大渴芍藥), 적작(赤芍), 사상자(蛇床子), 사삼(沙蔘), 북사삼(北沙蔘), 차전자(車前子), 차전초(車前草), 사충(蛇蟲), 충위자(充慰子), 수치부자(修治附子), 숙지황(熟地黃), 축사(縮砂), 종여실(棕呂實), 생강(生姜), 생강(生薑), 송지(松脂), 소맥(小麥), 창포(菖蒲), 창포근(菖蒲根), 승마(升麻), 초목(椒目), 소연교(小連翹), 제절 초(弟切草), 여정자(女貞子), 지룡(地龍), 지룡건(地龍乾), 신이(辛夷), 진기(晉耆), 신국(神麴), 육신국(六神麴), 진교(秦교), 흡갈(吸葛)의 경엽(莖葉), 인동(忍冬), 흡갈(吸葛)의 꽃, 금은화(金銀花), 수질(水蛭), 쇠뜨기, 두고(豆鼓), 향고(香鼓), 청상자(靑箱子), 청대(靑黛), 청피(靑皮), 서양인삼(西洋人參), 적작(赤芍), 석창근(石菖根), 석송자(石松子), 석류과피(石榴果皮), 석결명(石決明), 석고(石膏), 석곡(石斛), 접골목(接骨木), 젤라틴, 선학초(仙鶴草), 전갈(全蝎), 천궁(川弓), 천옥금(川玉金), 전호(前胡), 천곡(川穀), 천골(天骨), 천슬(川膝), 천초근(艸+西草根), 선퇴(蟬退), 센나(senna), 천패(川貝), 선복화(旋覆花), 당약(當藥), 선모(仙茅), 천련자(川련子), 초과(草果), 조각자(조角刺), 조각자(조角子), 조협(조莢), 저아조협(猪牙조莢), 상심자(桑심子), 뽕나무(桑)의 열매, 창이자(蒼耳子), 창출(蒼朮), 고립창출(古立蒼朮), 초두구(草荳구), 상백피(桑白皮), 상표초(桑표초), 상엽(桑葉), 뽕나무의 잎, 측백엽(側柏葉), 소목(蘇木), 소엽(蘇葉), 대회향(大茴香), 대황(大黃), 금문대황(錦紋大黃), 대해자(大海子), 대근초(大根草), 무(大根)의 종자, 나복자(羅葡子), 대자석(代자石), 대청엽(大靑葉), 대조(大棗), 대추, 대복피(大腹皮), 고원초(高遠草), 택사(澤瀉), 택란(澤蘭), 터메릭(turmeric), 욱금(郁金), 두릅나무 근피(根皮), 단삼(丹蔘), 담죽엽(淡竹葉), 죽엽(竹葉), 민들레의 뿌리, 포공영근(蒲公英根), 죽여(竹茹), 죽절인삼(竹節人參), 지모(知母), 다엽(茶葉), 지유(地楡), 정향(丁香), 정자(丁子), 조구등(釣鉤藤), 저령(猪笭), 진피(陳皮), 으름난초, 토통초(土通草), 로초(露草), 하수오(何首烏)의 뿌리, 만채(蔓菜), 빈천사(浜千舍), 제력자(艸+帝瀝子), 천축황(天竺黃), 천죽 황(天竹黃), 천남성(天南星), 천마(天麻), 천목실(天木實), 천목만(千木蔓), 천목(千木) 덩굴, 천문동(天門冬), 동과자(冬瓜子), 당귀(當歸), 대화당귀(大和當歸), 동계자(冬癸子), 당호마(唐胡麻), 등심(燈芯), 등심초(燈芯草), 당삼(黨參), 도두(刀豆), 동충하초(冬蟲夏草), 당독활(唐獨活), 도인(桃仁), 등피(橙皮), 당약(當藥), 천진(千振), 토과근(土瓜根), 토과실(土瓜實), 독활(獨活), 당독활(唐獨活), 어성초(魚腥草), 삼백초(三白草), 십약(十藥), 토사자(兎絲子), 상수리자무 열매, 두중(杜仲), 토통초(土通草), 토복령(土茯笭), 산귀래(山歸來), 토별갑(土別甲), 별갑(別甲), 조부지(鳥不止)(토리토마라즈), 목목(目木), 댑싸리 씨, 지부자(地膚子), 냉이, 도두(刀豆), 백도두(白刀豆), 육두(肉豆), 육두구(肉豆艸+寇), 너트메그(nutmeg), 명자백합(鳴子百合)의 지하경(地下莖), 황정(黃精), 남천실(南天實), 남천엽(南天葉), 남만모(南蠻毛), 고목(苦木), 육종용(肉從蓉), 육두(肉豆), 금목(錦木), 유향(乳香), 접골목(接骨木), 접골목엽(接骨木葉), 인삼(人蔘), 어종인삼(御種人蔘), 생간인삼(生干人蔘), 생쇄인삼(生日+西人蔘), 백삼(白蔘), 곡삼(曲蔘), 인모삼(人毛蔘), 인동(忍冬), 두송(杜松)의 열매, 두송자(杜松子), 광나무, 여정자(女貞子), 패모(貝母), 천패모(川貝母), 천패(川貝), 맥아(麥芽), 백개자(白芥子), 백자인(柏子仁), 백두(白荳), 백선피(白鮮皮), 백두옹(白頭翁), 백도화(白桃花), 백도두(白刀豆), 백남천(白南天), 남천실(南天實), 백편두(白扁豆), 편두(扁豆), 맥문동(麥門冬), 개변맥문동(開邊麥門冬), 파극천(巴戟天), 파호지(破胡紙), 별꽃, 파초근(芭蕉根), 연꽃의 씨, 팔각(八角), 대회향(大茴香), 박하(薄荷), 구맥(鳩麥), 볶은 구맥(鳩麥), 화몰(花沒), 허브풀, 볶은 파포차(波布茶), 빈천사(浜 千舍), 빈방풍(浜防風), 번과(蕃果), 반하(半夏), 번석류엽(蕃石榴葉), 반지련(半枝連), 번석류엽(蕃石榴葉), 반대해(반大海), 대해자(大海子), 판람근(板藍根), 비해(卑解), 피안화(彼岸花), 피안화근(彼岸花根), 인기(引起), 연명초(延命草), 수염 인삼(人蔘), 모인삼(毛人蔘), 맥실(麥實), 간엽(干葉), 마자(麻子), 당호마(唐胡麻), 백합(白合), 백지(白芷), 백출(白朮), 백단(白檀), 백미(白薇), 백부근(白部根), 백화사설초(白花蛇舌草), 백급(白及) , 백강잠(白강蠶), 거머리(蛭), 수질(水蛭), 비파엽(琵琶葉), 빈랑자(檳랑子), 복분자(覆盆子), 복령(茯笭), 부자(附子), 볶은부자(附子), 별갑(別甲), 토별갑(土別甲), 털연리초, 편축(扁蓄), 방기(防己), 모근(茅根), 망충(망蟲), 방풍(防風), 포황(蒲黃), 상수리나무껍질, 포공영근(蒲公英根), 보골지(補骨脂), 파호지(破胡紙), 목단피(牧丹皮), 모려(牡蠣), 괴화(괴花), 마황(麻黃), 거절마황(去節麻黃), 마황근(麻黃根), 해인초(海人草), 마자인(麻子仁), 목천료(木天蓼)의 덩쿨, 천목만(天木蔓), 목천료(木天蓼)의 열매, 천목실(天木實), 충류(蟲瘤), 솔방울, 해송자(海松子), 솔잎, 송등(松藤), 송진(松津), 송지(松脂), 만형자(蔓荊子), 밀몽화(密蒙花), 밀랍(蜜蠟), 표백밀랍(漂白蜜蠟), 미로발란(myrobalan), 가자(訶子), 무화과(無花果), 무화과실(無花果實), 무화과엽(無花果葉), 무화과엽(無花果葉), 목목(目木), 메구수리노키(Megusurinoki), 면인진(綿茵陣), 목적(木賊), 목통(木通), 목통자(木通子), 목천료(木天蓼), 목천료(木天蓼)의 열매의 충류(蟲瘤), 모과(木瓜), 목향(木香), 복숭아나무의 잎, 문형(門荊), 사간(射干), 익지(益智), 익지인(益智仁), 익모초(益母草), 야교등(夜交藤), 시차실(矢車實), 일엽초, 웅담(熊膽), 바위취, 양엽(讓葉), 백합근(白合根), 백합(白合), 율무, 쑥, 애엽(艾葉), 뇌환(雷丸), 래자(萊子), 라포자(羅葡姿), 라한과(羅漢果), 나포자(羅葡姿), 이근피(李根皮), 용안육(龍眼肉), 류기노(劉寄奴), 용골(龍骨), 황산마그네슘, 용담(龍膽), 양강(良姜), 고량강(高良姜), 녹두(綠豆), 영지(靈芝), 연교(連翹), 연전초(連錢草), 원통(垣通), 연육(蓮肉), 연실(蓮實), 녹용(鹿茸), 노봉방(露蜂房), 노로통(路路通), 화강활(和羌活), 홍화(紅花), 우룡황(牛龍黃), 녹용대보환(鹿茸大補丸), 자운고(紫雲膏), 우치다[회사명]의 생약 플라스타, 우치다의 욕제(浴劑), 운남귀정(雲南貴精), 운남편옥금(雲南片玉金), 운남전칠(雲南田七), 전칠인삼(田七人蔘), 영지(靈芝), 영지(靈芝) 엑기스, 아가리쿠스(agaricus) 가공식품, 우치다의 귀진(貴珍) 키토산, 치다의 신(新)카이호 이온화 칼슘, 아스리부(athleab), 봉밀(蜂蜜), 율무 가공식품, 보이차(普珥茶), 볶은 감나무의 잎, 두중차(杜仲茶), 목약목차(目藥木茶) 등.
또한, 이하의 학명의 천연 약물도 들 수 있다 :
Prunella vulgaris L., Prunella hispida Benth., Ophioglossum pedunculosum Desv., Ophioglossum thermale Kom., Ophioglossum reticulatun L., O. petiolatum Hook., Cirrhopetalum henryi Rolfe, Stephania graciliflora Yamamoto, Securinega suffruticosa(Pall.)Rehad., Lepisorus contortus(Christ)Ching, Senecio dianthus Franch., Erigeron annuus(L.)Pers., Tetrastigma delavayi Gagn., Veronica spuria L., Achillea alpina L. Achillea wilsoniana(Heim.)Heim., Indigofera pseudotinctoria Matsun., Indigofera parkesii Craib, Anotis ingrata(Wall.)Hook. f., Begonia wilsonii Gagn., Ligularia nelumbifolia(Bur. et Franch.)Hand.-Mazz., Parochetus co㎜unis Ham., Kyllinga monocephala Rotth., Pittosporum glabratun Lindl., Solidago virga-aurea L. var. leiocarpa(Benth.)A. Gray, Indigofera pseudotinctoria Matsum., Maianthemum bifolium F. W. Schm., Schisandra bicolor Cheng, Limonium bicolor(Bge.)O. Ktze., Piper boehmeriaefolium Wall. var. tomkinense C. DC., Rosa multiflora(Thunb.)var. platyphylla Thory, Mahonia bealer(Fort.)Carr., Mahonia fortunei(Lindl.)Fedde Mahonia japonica(Thunb.)DC., Syzygium cromaticum(L.)Merr. Et perry, Erycibe obtusifolia Benth., Syzygium aromaticum(L.)Merr. et Perry, Zornia diphylla Pers., Cornus macrophylla Wall., Syzygium aromaticum(L.)Merr. Et Perry, Zornia diphylla Pers., Gynoste㎜a pentaphyllum(Thunb.)Mak., Schefflera arboricola Hayata, Schefflera venulosa(Wight et Arn.)Harms, Buddleia lindleyana Fort., Macropanax rosthornii(Harms)C.Y. Wu ex Hoo, Mosla cavaleriei Levl., Actinodaphne obovata Bl., Alocasia cucullata(Lour.)Schott., Akebia quinata(Thunb.)Decne., Akebia trifoliate(Thunb.)Koidz., Akebia trifoliate(Thunb.)Koidz. var. australis(Diels)Rehd. Holboellia latifolia Wall., H.angustifolia Wall., Lampetra japonica(Martens), Hydrangea macrophylla(Thunb.)Ser., Galium aparine L. Galium asperifolium Wall., Cacalia ainsliaeflora(Franch.)Hand.-Mazz., Dysosma pleiantha(Hance)Woods., Dysosma veitchii(Hemsl. et Wils.)Fu, Alangium chinense(Lour.)Harms, Alangium platanifolium, Harms Alangium lamarckii, Illicium verum Hook. f., Illicium lanceolatum A. C. smith, Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., Herminium monorchis(L.)R. Br., Panax ginseny C. A. Mey, Dracontomelon dao(Blanco)Merr. et. Rolf, Dracontomelon dao(Blanco)Merr. et. Rolf, Zanthoxylum nitidum(Roxb.)DC., Helminthostachys zeylanica(L.)Hook., Euphorbia hylonoma Hand.-Mazz., Cayratia corniculata(Benth.)Gagn., Sarcandra glabra(Thunb.)Nakai, Bauhinia championi(Benth.)Benth., Thesium longifolium Turcz., Thesium himalense Royke, Silene tenuis Willd., Silene tenuis Willd. var. rubescens Franch., Murraya paniculata(L.)Jack., Polygonum rude Meissn., Aspongopus chinensis Dallas, Asplenium varians Wall., Anemone altaica Fisch., Cyperus alternifolius L. subsp. flabelliformis(Rottb.Kukenth.), Bauhinia championi(Benth.)Benth., Murraya paniculata(L.)Jack., Calanthe discolor Lindl., Calanthe tricarinata Lindl., Euphorbia hylonoma Hand.-Mazz., Peristrophe japonica(Thunb.)Brem., Canavalia gladiata(Jacq.)DC., Ainsliaea triflora(Buch.-Ham.), Canavalia gladiata(Jacq.)DC., Wikstroemia indica(L.)C. A. Mey., Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall. var. notoginseny(Burkill)Hoo&Tseng, Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall. var. elegantior(Burkill)Hoo&Tseng, Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall. var. wangianus(Sun)Hoo&Tseng, Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall. var. bipinnatifidus(Seem.)Li, Sparganium stoloniferum Buch.-Ham, Sparganium simplex Huds., Sparganium stoloniferum Maxim., Gynura segetum(Lour.)Merr., Campylotropis cavaleriei(Levl.)C. Y. Wu, Ribes tenue Jancz. Var. viridi. Florum Cheng, Scopolia acutangula C. Y. Wu et C. Chen, Saururus chinensis(Lour.)Baill., Viola tricolor L., Oxalis griffithii Edgew. Et Hook.f., Parthenocissus heterophylla(Bl.)Merr., Chlorophytum laxum R. Br., Pachysandra stylosa Dunn, Cinnamomum tamala(Ham.)Nees et Eberm., Lysimachia insignis Hemsl., Anaphalis bicolor(Franch.)Diels, Neocinnamomum delavayi H. Liou, Cimicifuga acerima(Sieb. Et Zucc.)Tanaka., Lindera obtusiloba Bl., Vicia unijuga A. Br., Trifolium repens L., Cyperus iria L., Berberis sargentiana Schneid., Berberis brachypoda Maxim., Berberis dictyophylla Franch. Var. epruinosa Schneid., Berberis diaphana Maxim., Tylophora ovata(Lindl.)Hook. et Steud., Tylophora crebriflora, Evodia tepta(Spr.)Merr., Evodia lepta(Spr.)Merr., Saururus chinensis(Lour.)Baill., Clerodendron serratum(L.)Spr., Clerodendron serratum(L.)Spr. Var. amplexifolium Moldenke, Potentilla freyniana Bornm., Potentilla freyniana Bornm. Var. sinica Migo, Scleria elata Thw., Potentilla freyniana Bornm., Enteromorpha clathrata(Roth)Grev., Enteromorpha prolifera(Mull)J. Ag., E. cinoressa(L.)Grev., E. intestinalis(L.)Link., Zingiber officinale Rose., Rhus verniciflua Stokes, Brassica chinensis L., Rehmannia glutinosa(Gaertn.)Libosch., Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch., F. hueichingensis(Chao et Schih)Hsiao, Corydalis tomentella Franch., Ipomoea hungaiensis Lingelsh. Et Borza., Odontobutis obscura(T. et S.), Discolia vittifrons Sch., Evolvulus alsinoides L., Illicium henryi Diels, Illicium yunnanensis Franch., Talinum paniculatum(Jacq.)Gaertn., Senecio Chrysanthemoides DC., Rumex madaio Mak., SInula helenium L., Equisetum debile Roxb., Roscoea intermedia Gagn., Bolboste㎜a paniculatum(Maxim.)Franquet, Achyranthes bidentata Bl., Acyranthes longifolia Mak., Achyranthes aspera L., Stanlianthus thorelii gagn., Platanthera chlorantha Cust. Ex Rehb., Melothria indica Lour., Melothria heterophylla(Lour.)Cogn., Arisaema intermedium Bl., Asparagus filicinus Ham. ex D. Don, Asparagus meioclados Levl., Aralia cordata Thunb., Angelica gigas Nakai, Lysimachia insignis Hemsl., Hypericum bellum L., Hymenodictyon excelsum(Roxb.)Wall., Unio sp., Hedychium coronarium Koen., Hedychium spicatum Ham., Clerodendron trichotomum Thunb., Odontobutis obscura(T. et S.), Pseudolarix kaempferi Gord., Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Smilax glabra Roxb., Smilax lanceaefolia Foxb. var. opaca A. DC., S. mairei Levl., S. menispermoiden DC., Alpinia japonica Miq., Cephalotaxus sinesis(Rehd. et Wils.), Cephalotaxus harringtonia(Forkes)K. Koch var. harringtonia C. V. Fastigiata, Origanum vulgare L., Canpanumoea javanica Bl., Berberis julianae Schneid., Berberis gagnepainii Schneid, Hudrangea strigosa Rehd., Hydrangea umbellate Rehd., Hydrangea paniculata Sieb., Discolia vittifrons Sch., Apios fortunei Maxim., Wikstroemia dolichantha Diels, Collocalia inopina Thayer et Bangs., Achilea wilsoniana(Heim.)Heim., Talinum paniculatum(Jacq.)Gaertn., Rumex madaio Mak., Vaccinium fragile Franch., Euphorbia prolifera buch.-Ham., Hymenodictyon excelsum(Roxb.)Wall., Lonicera confusa DC., Vaccinium fragile Franch., Gouania leptostachya DC., Hordeum vulgare L., Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. inermis(Bge.)Rehd., Rheum palmatum L., Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Reg., Rheum officuinale Baill., Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr., Knoxia valerianoides Thorel, Euphorbia soongarica Boiss., Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr. var. japonensis Mak., Euphorbia pontica Prokh, Allium sativum L, Allium scorodoprasum L., Cirsium japonicum DC., Alisma canaliculatum A. Br. et Bouche, Leibnitzia anandria(L.)Nakai, Bauhinia faberi Oliv., Rubus multibracteatus Levl. & Vant., Hydnocarpus anthelmintica Pier., Colysis henryi(Bak.)Ching., Marsdenia griffithii Hook. f., Adenosma indanum(Lour.)Merr., Gryllus testaceus walker., Wisteria venusta Rehd. et Wils., Sargentodoxa cuneata(Oliv.)Rehd. et Wils., Myrsine africana L., Hordeum vulgare L., Schisandra micrantha A. C. Smith, Alpinia galanga(L.)Swartz, Heliotropium indicum L., Adhatoda vasica Nees, Clerodendron cyrtophyllum Turcz., Polygonum tinctorium Ait., Isatis tinctoria L., I. indigotica Fort., Baphicacanthus cusia(Nees)Bremek., Hygrophila salicifolia(Vahl)Nees, Clerodendron cyrtophyllum Turcz., Neolepisorus ovatus(Bedd.)Ching, Schefflera delavayi(Franch.)Harms., Ulmus tonkinensis Gagn., Alpinia speciosa K. Schum., Girardinia palmate(Forsk.)Gaud., Mussaenda erosa Champ., Euphorbia nematocypha Hand.-Mazz., Pistia stratiotes L., Rheum palmatum L., R. tanguticum Maxim. ex Reg., R. officinale Baill., Heteropanax fragrans(Roxb.)Seem., Dolichos falcatus Klein, Pouzolzia sanguinea(Bl.)Merr., Parthenocissus laetevirens Rehd., Vicia sativa L., Inula pterocaula Franch., Blumea densiflora(Heyne)DC., Areca catechu L., Musa paradisiacal L. var. sapientum O. Ktze., Indigofera tinctoria L., Lycoris aurea Herb., Didissandra sesquifolia C. B. Clarke, Lippia nodiflora Rich. var. sarmentosa Schou., Stylophorum lasiocarpum(Oliv.)Fedde, Ampelocissus artemisiaefolia Planch., Dobinea delavayi(Baill.)Engl., Euphorbia hirta L., Pterospermum grande Craib, Rubus setchuenensis Bur. et Franch., Anemone tomentosa(Maxim.)Pei, Caesalpinia magnifoliolata Metcalf., Pteris nervosa Thunb., Zanthoxylum dissitum Hemsl., Uncaria macrophylla Wall., Mosla dianthera(Ham.)Maxim, Eucalyptus robusta Sm., Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl., Machilus leptophylla Hand.-Mazz., Senecio orgzetorum Diels, Senecio vulgaris L., Hypericum przewalskii Maxim., Cayratia oligocarpa(Levl. et Vant.)Gagn., Cruculigo capitulata(Lour.)O. Ktze., Lysimachia phullocephala Hand.-Mazz., Cirsium eriophoroideum(Hook. f.)Petrak., Solanum spirale Roxb., Chrysosplenium hydrocotylifolium Levl. et Van., Polygala chinensis L., Polytrichum co㎜une Hedw., Melastoma normale D. Don, Lysimachia christinae Hance, Lonicera similes Hemsl. var. delavayi(Franch.)Rehd., Setaria faberii Herrm., Sanicula lamellijera Hance, Sanicula stapfiana wolff, Hosta sieboldiana Engl., Bauhinia pernervosa L. Chen, Schefflera delavayi(Franch.)Harms., Endospermum chinense Benth., Gelsemium elegans Benth., Mariscus umbellatus Vahl, Pollia aclisia Hassk., Ligularia lapathifolia(Franch.)Hand.-Mazz., Vaccinium dunaliamum Wight. var. urophyllum Rehd. et Wils., Gaultheria forrestii Diels, Polistes mandarinus Sauss., Torricellia angulata Oliv. var. intermedia(Harms)Hu, Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. var. chinensis Dunn ex Shan et Liou, Rhynchoglossum obliquum Bl., Elsholtzia penduliflora W. W. Smith, Stellaria paniculigera Mak., Mallotus barbatus(Wall.)Muell.-Arg., Thalictrum faberi Ulbr., Anaphalis margaritacea(L.)Benth. et Hook. f., Stenoloma chusanum(L.)Ching, Ophiopogon dracaenoides(Bak.)Hook. f., Uncaria macrophylla Wall., Indigofera teysmannii Miq., Isodon nervosus(Hemsl.)Kudo, Euonymus grandiflorus Wall., Bauhinia pernervosa L. Chen, Chonemorpha megacalyx Pier., Clematis argentilucida(Levl. et Vant.)W. T. Wang, Moghania macrophylla(Willd.)O. Ktze., Zanthoxylum dissitum Hemsl., Indigofera teysmannii Miq., Moghania bracteata(Roxb.)Li, Crepis lignea(Van.)Babc., Lycopodium pulcherrimum Wall., Tagetes erecta L., Tagetes minuta(T. glanduliflora), Rohdea japonica Roth, Crepis lignea(Van.)Babc., Viola diamantiaca Nakai, Clinopodium megalanthum(Diels)C. Y. Wu et Hsuan, Ampelopsis bodinieri(Levl. et Vant.)Rehd., Lepidogra㎜itis rostrata(Bedd.)Ching, Lilium concolor Salisb., Gallus gallus jabouillei Delacour et Kinnear, Dioscorea opposita Thunb., Dioscorea japonica Thunb., D. deltoidea Wall., Kaempferia galanga L., Allium japonicum Reg., Alpinia japonica Miq., Crataegus pinnatifida Bge., Crataegus cuneata Sieb. et Zucc., Crataegus pinnatifida Bge., C. hupensis Sarg., C. sanguinea Pall., C. scabrifolia(Franch.)Rehd., Crataegus oxyacantha, C. curvisepalaz, C. monogyna, Allium nipponicum Fr. et Sav., Piper hancei Maxim., Melodinus suaveolens champ. ex Benth., Geastrum hygrometricum Pers., Psychotria rubra(Lour.)Poir., Papaver nudicaule L. subsp. Amurense N. A. Busch, Rheum franzenbachii Munt., Glycosmis citrifolia(Willd.)Lindl., Desmodium racemosum(Thunb.)DC., Clematis finetiana Levl. et Vant., Lilium concolor Salisb., Mussaenda pubescens Ait. f., Mussaenda parviflora Miq., Aster ageratoides Turcz., Indigofera szechuenensis Craib., Helicteres angustifolia L., Asparagus lycopodineus Wall. ex Beker, Cinnamomum obtusifolium(Roxb.)Nees, Garcinia multiflora Champ., Naemorhedus goral Hardwicke, Salix tetradenia Hand.-Mazz., Sophora subprostrata Chun et T. Chen, Menispermum daurteum DC., Indigofera fortunei Craib, I. amblyantha Craib, I. ichangensis Craib, I. carlesii Craib, I. potaninii Craib, I. kirilowii Maxim. et Palib., Dunbaria circinalis(Benth.)Bak., Beesia calthaefolia(Maxim.)Ulbr., Osyris wightiana Wall. ex Wight, Pyrus pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Argyreia seguinii(Levl.)Vaniot, Michelia yunnanensis Franch., Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz. var. typical Anthony, Capricornis sumatraensis Bechstein, Pittosporum glabratum Lindl., Ilex franchetiana Loes., Juniperus taiwaniana Hayata, Rosa sericea Lindl., Ixeris chinensis(Thunb.)Nakai, Lactuca elata Hemsl., Symplocos caudate Wall., Symplocos racemosa Roxb., Celastrus stylosus Wall. ssp. glaber D. Hou, Trema dielsiana Hand.-Mazz., Trema angustifolia Bl., Hieracium krameri Fr. et Sav., Lindera glauca(Sieb. et Zucc.)Bl., Carlesia sinensis Dunn, Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc., Camellia japonica L., Dioscorea opposita Thunb., Allium bulleyanum Diels, Isodon pubescens(Hemsl.)C. Y. Wu et Hsuan, Alpinia japonica Miq., Cassia mimosoides L., Polygala wattersii Hance, Mallotus nepalensis Muell.-Arg., Carya cathayensis Sarg., Millettia speciosa Champ., Lactuca indica L., Begonia yunnanensis Levl., Codonopsis lanceolata Benth. et Hook., Lobelia sessilifolia Lamb., Tricyrtis pilosa Wall., Clausena excavata Burm. f., Dianella ensifolia(L.)DC., Alchornea davidi Franch., Psilopeganum sinense Hemsl., Zingiber mioga Rose., Pellionia minima Mak., Zanthoxylum dissitum Hemsl., Clitoria hanceana Hemsl., Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N. E. Br., C. cuneata Sieb. et Zucc., Crataegus oxyacantha, C. monoguna, Carex baccans Nees, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa(Ait.)Hassk., Cremastra variabilis(Bl.)Nakai, Pleione yunnanensis(Rolfe)Rolfe, Oreorchis patens(Lindl.)Lindl., O. foliosa Lindl., Orthosiphon wulfenioides(Diels)Hand.-Mazz., Rhus delavayi Franch., Prunus tomentosa Thunb., Fortunella hindsi(Champ.)Swingle, Dracocephalum moldavicum L., Lindera reflexa Hemsl., Teucrium viscidum Bl., Teucrium scorodonia, Gutzlaffia aprica Hance, Psychotria rubra(Lour.)Poir., Vigna vexillata(L.)Benth. var. yunnanensis Franch., Vigna vexillata Benth., Viburnum foetidum Wall. var. ceanothoides(C. H. Wright)Hand.-Mazz., Fimbristylis fusca(Nees)Benth., Sapium discolor(Champ.)Muell.-Arg., Mussaenda pubescens Ait. f., Musa paradisiacal L. subsp. Seminifera(Lour.)K. Schum., Evodia trichotoma(Lour.)Pier., Ilex franchetiana Loes., Acronychia pedunculata(L.)Miq., Lindera glauce(Sieb. et Zucc.)Bl., Cudrania cochinchinensis(Lour.)Kudo et Masam., Cassia mimosoides L., Pleomele cambodiana(Gagn.)Merr. et Chun, Cardiocrinum giganteum(Wall.)Mak., Rhynchosia dielsii Harms, Vicia amoena Fisch., Vicia cracca L., V. pseudo-orobus Fisch. et Mey., Artemisia cina Berg., Cremastra variabilis(Bl.)Nakai, Pleione bulbocodioides(Franch.)Rolfe, Prunus tomentosa Thunb., Swertia punicea Hemsl., Vitis amurensis Rupr., Acronychia pedunculata(L.)Miq., Philadelphus sericanthus Koehne, Gomphrena globosa L., Moghania philppinensis(Merr. et Rolfe)Li, Lindera chunii Merr., Homalomena occulta(Lour.)Schott, Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham., Lycopodium serratum Thunb., Lycopodium serratum Thunb. var. thunbergii, Euphorbia lathyris L., E. amygdaloides, Eupatorium fortunei Turcz., Stephania japonica(Thunb.)Miers, Lythrum salicaria L., Lythrum anceps Mak., Tinospora crispa(L.)Miers, Stellaria yunnanensis Franch., Semiaquilegia adoxoides(DC.)Mak., Ligusticum wallichii Franch., Cnidium officinala Mak., Clematis armandi Franch., Clematis Montana Buch.-Ham., Clematis apiifolia DC., C. henryi Oliv., C. pavoliniana Pamp., C. lesehenaultiana DC., C. armandi Franch. var. biondiana(Paval.)Rehd., C. gouriana Roxb. Var. finetii Rehd. et Wils., Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don, Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don var. ecirrhosa Franch., Fritillaria delavayi Franch., Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim, Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim., Fritillaria pallidiflora Schreb., Fritillaria maximowiczii Freyn, Fritillaria roylei Hook., Cyathula officinalis Kuan, Cyathula capitata(Wall.)Moq., Aconitum carmichaeli Debx., Aconitum japonicum Nakai, Ligusticum brachylobum Franch., Cheilanthes chusana Hook., Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc., Melia azedarach L., Chloranthus serratus(Thunb.)Roem. et Schult., Serratula chinensis S. Moore, Eupatorium chinense L., Desmodium styracifolium(Osbeck)Merr., Clematis apiifolia DC., Aster fastigiatus Fisch., Rhamnus heterophylla Oliv., Ligustrum lucidum Ait., Melandrium apricum(Turcz.)Rohrb., Berchemia yunnanensis Franch., Triticum aestivum L., Lysimachia deltoidea Wight var. cinerascems Franch., Polygala tenuifolia Willd., Allium scorodoprasum L., Cephalanoplos segetum(Bge.)Kitam., Cephalanoplos setosum(Bieb.)Kitam., Berberis amurensis Rupr., Berberis poiretii Schneid., Berberis thunbergii DC., Berberis wilsonae Hemsl., B. sibirica Pall., B. anhweiensis Ahrendt., B. subacuminata C. K. Schneid., B. vulgaris L., Polygala sibirica L. var. megalopha Fr., Codonopsis cardiophylla Diels, Veratrum mengtzeanum Loesen. f., Clematis lasiandra Maxim., Millettia pulchra Kurz var. typical f. laxior Dunn., Leontopodium japonicum Miq., Pyrrosia assimilis(Bak.)Ching, Salix hypoleuca Seem., Morus australis Poir., Aconitum bullatifolium Levl., Aconitum pulchellum Hand.-Mazz., Tylophora yunnanensis Schltr., Lindernia mumularifolia(D. Don)Wettst., Asparagus officinalis L., Pittosporum floribundum Wight et Arn., Schisandra propinqua(Wall.)Baill. var. sinensis Oliv., Actinidia purpurea Rehd., Euphrasia regelii Wettst., Lyonia ovalifolia(Wall.)Drude, Polygonum chinense L. var. hispidum Hook. f., Salvia coccinea L., Rubia yunnanensis(Franch.)Diels, Parthenocissus himalayanaa(Royle)Planch., Triticum aestuvum L., Micromelum integerrimum(Ham.)Roem., Hypericum erectum Thunb., Ardisia punctata Lindl., Populus pseudo-simonii Kitag., Inula cappa DC., Rosa cymosa Tratt., Jasminum floridum Bge., Breynia patens(Roxb.)Benth., Leptadina retticulata, Delphinium yunnanense Franch., Delphinium delavayi Franch., Crotalaria szemoensis Gagn., Stachyurus himalaicus Hook. f. et Thoms., Stachyurus chinensis Franch., S. yunnanensis Franch., S. obovatus(Rehd.)Li, S. retusus Yang, S. szechuanense Fang, S. salicifolius Franch., Spilanthes callimorpha A. H. Moore, Vicia hirsute(L.)S. F. Gray, Polygonum plebeium R. Br., Cladonia verticillata Hoffm., Sanicula astrantifolic Wolff ex Kreschmer, Aleuritopteris kuhnii(Milde)Ching, Sedum bulbiferum Mak., Haloragis micrantha R. Br., Tetrastigma obtectum(Wall.)Pl. var. glabrum Gagn., Berberis wilsonae Homsl., Sinocrassula sp., Euphorbia thymifolia L., Arenaria serpyllifolia L., Rubus parkeri Hance, Asplenium pekinense Hance, Gentiana rhodantha Franch., Photinia parvifolia(Pritz.)Schneid, Rhododendron capitatum Maxim., Rhododendron anthopogonoides Maxim., Agapetes mannii Hemsl., Morus australis Poir., Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam., Striga masuria(Buch.-Ham.)Benth., Selaginella davidii Franch., Lysimachia congestifloa Hemsl., Gardneria angustifolia Wall., Boehmeria spicata(Thunb.)Thunb., Sopubia trifida buch.-Ham., Cyclea racemosa Oliv., Eragrostis Poaeoides Beauv., Veronica javanica Bl., Oreocharis flavida Merr., Dichondra repens Forst., Rosa cymosa Tratt., Aletris spicata(Thunb.)Franch., Aletris glabra Bureau et Franch., Breynia patens(Roxb.)Benth., Cucubalus baccifer L., Lespedeza tomentosa(Thunb.)Sieb., Lespedeza capitata, Ampelopsis humulifolia Bge, Lycopodium selago L., Iris collettii Hook. f., Tripterospermum coeruleum(Hand.-Mazz. ex H. Sm.)H. Sm., Clematis gouriama Roxb. var. finetii Rehd. et Wils., Croton lachnocarpus Benth., Dasiphora parvifolia(Fisch.)Juz., Onychium japonicum(Thunb.)Kunze, Isodon amethystoides(Benth.)C.Y. Wu et Hsuen, Carpinus cordata Bl. Var. chinensis Franch., Cardiospermum halicacabum L. var. microcarpum(Kunth)Bl., Dryoathyrium okuboanum(Mak.)Ching, Carduus crispus L., Carduus acanthoides L., Eupatorium odoratum L., Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight, Consolida ajacis(L.)Schur, Delphinium elatum, Pothos repens(Lour.)Merr., Cyathea spinulosa Wall., Toddalia asiatica(L.)Lam., Stellaria dichotoma L., Equus caballus(L.), Kalimeris indica(L.)Schulz-Bip., Equus caballus(L.), Prospirobolus joannsi(Brolemann), Equus caballus(L.), Lasiosphaera fenzlii Reich., Calvatia gigantean(Batsch ex Pers.)Lloyd, Calvatia lilacina(Mont.& Berk.)Lloyd, Lycoperdon ge㎜atum Batsch., Setaria plicata(Lamk.)T Cooke, Equus caballus(L.), Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop., Equus caballus(L.), Solen gouldii Conrad, Nothapodytes pittosporoides(Oliv.)Sleum., Calanthe fimbriata Franch., Pedicularis resupinata L., Thalictrum foliolosum DC., Thalictrum baicalense Turcz, Thalictrum foetidum L., T. cultratum Wall., T. chaotungensis W. T. Wang et S. H. Wang, T. baicalense Turcz. Var. megalostigma Boivin, Hydrocharis asiatica Miq., Sambucus buergeriana Bl., Portulaca oleracea L., Embelia oblongifolia Hemsl., Strychnos nux-vomica L., Strychnos pierriana A. W. Hill, Coriaria sinica Maxim., Aristolochia contorta Bge., Melothria indica Lour., Butea suberecta(Dunn)Blatter, Butea suberba, B. frondosa, Nephrolepis cordifolia(L.)Presl, Capparis pterocarpa Chun, Capparis masaikai Levl., Capparis versicolor Griff, Iris pallasii Fisch. var. chinensis Fisch., Iris halophila Pall., Rhododendron delavayi Franch., Ipomoea pes-caprae(L.)Sweet, Cotoneaster amoena Wils., Caltha palustris L., Caltha scaposa Hook. f. et Thoms., Equus caballus(L.), Caltha palustris L. var. membranacea Turcz., Angiopteris fokiensis Hieron., Verbena officinalis L., Camptosorus sibiricus Rupr., Equus caballus(L.), Sedum emarginatum Migo, Sedum makinoi Maxim., Hydrangea davidii Franch., Smilax nipponica Miq., Portulaca oleracea L., Coriaria sinica Maxim., Ipomoea pes-caprae(L.)Sweet, Saussurea cordifolia Hemsl., Lycopodium sieboldii Miq., Trichosanthes cucumeroides(Ser.)Maxim., Trichosanthes cucumeroides Maxim., Thladiantha dubia Bge., Paris tetraphylla A. Gray, Trichosanthes cucumeroides(Ser.)Maxim., Vacaria segetalis(Neck.)Garcke, Melandrium apricum(Turcz.)Rohrb., Vaccaria segetalis(Neck.)Garcke., Pteris laeta(Wall.)Ching, Anoplophora chinensis(Forster), Apriona germari(Hope), Allium funckiaefolium Hand.-Mazz., Gastrodia etata Bl., Semiaquilegia adoxoides(DC.)Mak., Asparagus cochinchinensis(Lour.)Merr., Asparagus filicinus ex D. Don Ham., A. meioclados Levl., A. spinasissimus Wang et S.C. Chen, Asparagus racemosus, Triosteum pinnatifidum Maxim., Spilanthes acmella(L.)Murr., Diuranthera minor(C. H. Wright)Hemsl., Hyoscyamus niger L., Hygrophila salicifolia(Vahl)Nees, Aristolochia debilis Sieb. et Zucc., Aristolochia contorta Bge., Carpesium abrotanoides L., Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim., Solanum indicum L., Physalis minima L., Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam., Arisaema consanguineum Schott, Arisaema amurense Maxim., Arisaema Heterophyllum Bl., Arisaema ambiguum Engl., Arisaema peninsulae Nakai, Arisaema thunbergii Bl., Arisaema verrucosum Schott, Arisaema lobatum Engl. Var. rosthornianum Engl., Arisaema elephas S. Buchet, Osbeckia chinensis L., Metaplexis japonica(Thunb.)Mak., Luffa cylindrical(L.)Roem., Aucuba chinensis Benth., Gastrodia elata Bl., Semiaquilegia adoxoides(DC.)Mak., Stellaria alsine Gri㎜., Sorbus tianschanica Rupr., Triosteum pinnatifidum Maxim., Gnaphalium hypoleucum DC., Magnolia amoena Cheng, Magnolia cylindrical Wils., Gnaphalium japonicum Thunb., Fagopyrum cymosum Meisn., Aucuba chinensis Benth., Gastrodia elata Bl., Triosteum pinnatifidum Maxim., Litsea auriculata Chien et Cheng, Cassytha filiformis L., Pistacia vera L., Pyrolusite, Ficus carica L., Ampelopsis cantoniensis(Hook. et Arn.)Planch., Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn., Phoenix dactylifera L., Pistacia vera L., Ficus carica L., Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn., Prunus brachypoda Batal. var. eglandulosa Cheng, Scutellaria indica. L. var. humilis Mak., Hypericum sampsonii Hance, Musxovite, Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb., Caesalpinia bonducella, Achyranthes aspera L. var. rubrafusca(Wight)Hook., Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb., elphinium giraldii Diels, Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb., Rubia yunnanensis(Franch.)Diels, Asbestus, Chaenomeles lagenaria(Loisel.)Koidz., Chaenomeles sinensis(Thouin)Koehne, C. lagenaria(Loisel.)Koidz. var. Cathayensis Rehd., C. lagenaria(Loisel.)Koidz. var. wilsonii Rehd., C. thibetica YU, Auricularia auricula(L. ex Hook.)Underw., Cajanus cajan(L.)Millsp., Saussurea lappa Clarke, Vladimiria denticulata Ling, Vladimiria souliei(Franch.)Ling, Vladimiria muliensis(Hand.-Mazz.)Ling, V. edulis(Franch.)Ling, Schima superba Gardn. et Champ., Equisetum Hiemale L., E. arvense L., Akebia trifoliata(Thunb.)Koidz. var. custralis(Diels)Rehd., Akebia trifoliata(Thunb.)Koidz., Akebia quinata(Thunb.)Decne., Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom., Clematis armandi Franch., C. montana Buch.-Ham., Aristolochia kaempferi Willd., A. moupinensis Franch., Akebia quinata(Thunb.)Decne., Akebia longeracemosa Matsum, Indigofera tinctoria L., Actinidia polygama(Sieb. et Zucc.)Miq., Chaenomeles lagenaria(Loisel.)Koidz., Magnolia liliflora Desr., Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb., Garcinia oblongifolia Champ., Cajanus cajan(L.)Millsp., Litsea pungens Hemsl., Litsea cubeba(Lour.)Pers., L. euosma W. W. Smith, Elsholtzia cypriani(Pamp.)C. Y. Wu et S. Chow., Manglietia fordiana(Hemsl.)Oliv., Akebia quinata(Thunb.)Decne., A. trifoliata(Thunb.)Koidz., A. trifoliata(Thunb.)Koidz. var. australis(Diels)Rehd., Mahonia shenii Chun, Mahonia schochii Schneid. ex Hand.-Mazz., M. subimbricata Chun et F. Chun, M. taronensis Hand.-Mazz., Litsea pungens Hemsl., Gomphoste㎜a microdon Dunn, Gossampinus malabarica(DC.)Merr., Ficus pumila L., Hibiscus syriacus L., Oroxylum indicum(L.)Vent., Momordica cochinchinensis(Lour.)Spr., Actinidia polygama(Sieb. et Zucc.)Miq., Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb., Garcinia oblongifolia Champ., Hibiscus mutabilis L., Litsea pungens Hemsl., Viburnum macrocephalum Fort., Viburnum opulus, V. prunifolium, Oroxylum indicum(L.)Vent., Lespedeza buergeri Miq., Pseudostellaria heterophylla(Miq.)Pax ex Pax et Hoffm., Pseudostellaria Maximowicziana(Franch. et Savat.)Pax ex Pax et Hoffm., Rubus pacificus Hance, Tanacetum variifolium(Chang)Ling, Cladonia alpestris(L.)Rabht., Pedicularis davidii Franch., Pedicularis rudis Maxim., Pedicularis dunniana Bonati, Peicularis decora Franch., Aster flaccidus Bge., Plagiopus oederi(Brid.)Limpr., Tetraplodon bryoides(Zoeg.)Lindb., Tongoloa dunnii(Boiss.)Wolff, Fritillaria taipaiensis P. Y. Li, Cladonia gracilis(L.)Willd., Cremanthodium hookerii Clarke, Rubus blinii Levl., Ipomoea cairica(L.)Sweet, Antidesma bunius(L.)Spr., Anaphalis hancockii Maxim., Ficus simplicissima Lour. var. hirta(Vahl.)Migo, Rubus cochinchinensis Tratt., Acanthopanax gracilistylus W. W. Smith, A. sessiliflorus(Rupr. et Maxim.)Seem., A. senticosus(Rupr. et Maxim.)Harms., Acanthopanax henryi(Oliv.)Harms, Acanthopanax verticillatus Hoo, Acanthopanax giraldii Harms, A. trifoliatus(L.)Merr., A. evodiaefolium Franch. var. ferrugineus W. w. Smith, A. setchuenensis Harms, A. leucorrhizus(Oliv.)Harms, Periploca sepium Bge., Lantana camara L., Chrysomyia megacephala(Fab.), Trogopterus xanthipes Milne-Edwards, Triosteum fargesii Franch., Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill., Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils., Corydalis stenantha Franch., Echinopsilon divaricatum Kar. et Kir., Mosla soochouensis Matsuda, Schisandra propinqua(Wall.)Bail. var. intermedia A. C. Smith, Evodia trichotoma(Lour.)Pier., Rhus chinensis Mill., R. potaninii Maxim., R. punjabensis Stew. var. sinica(Diels)Rehd. et Wils., Melaphis chinensis(Bell), Melaphis paitan Tsai et Tang, Tetrastigma hypoglaucum Planch., Lantana camara L., Acer sinense Pax, Acer sinopurpurascens Cheng, A. henryi Pax, A. palmatum Thunb., Abelmoschus sagittifolius(Kurz)Merr., Kadsura longipedunculata Finet, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils., Kadsura coccinea(Lem.)A. C. Smith, Schisandra propinqua(Wall.)Hook f. et Thoms, Rhus chinensis Mill., Loranthus pentapetalus Roxb., Geum aleppicum Jacq., Ipomoea cairica(L.)Sweet, Pedicularis rex C. B. Clarke ex Maxim., Vitis quinquangularis Rehd., Ficus simplicissima Lour., Melaphis chinensis(Bell), M. paitan Tsai et Tang, Choerospondias axillaries(Roxb.)Burtt et Hill, Meconopsis quintuplinervia Reg., Lepisorus thunbergianus(Kaulf.)Ching, Orostachys fimbriatus(Turcz.)Berger, Orostachys erudescens(Maxim.)Ohwi, Orostachys spinosus(L.)C. A. Mey., Melandryun viscidulum(Franch.)Hand.-Mazz. var. szechuanense(Wills.)Hand.-Mazz., Arca inflata Reeve, A. granosa L., A. subcrenala Lischke, Plantago asiatica L., Plantago depressa Willd., Plantago major L., Plantago ovata, Dodonaea viscose(L.)Jacq., Oldenlandia uncinella(Hook. et Arn.)O. Ktze. var. scabrida(Franch.)Chun, Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forsk., Gynura sagittata DC., Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall., Fimbristylis miliacea(L.)Vahl, Monetaria moneta(L.), Monetaria annulus(L.), Coelogyne corymbosa Lindl., Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum Hensl. var. spinifolium Rehd. et Wils., Liparis nervosa(Thunb.)Lindl., Anaphalis bulleyana(J.F.Jaffr.)Hand.-Mazz., Bos taurus domesticus Gmelin, Bubalus bubalis L., Aconitum ochranthum Mey., Achyranthes bidentata Bl., Mucuna sempervirens Hemsl., Oreas martiana(Hopp. et Hornsch.)Brid., Heleocharis yokoscensis(Franch. et Savat.)Tang et Wang, Oldenlandia hedyotidea(DC.)Hand.-Mazz., Elaeagnus umbellate Thunb., Ficus hispida L. f., Ficus beecheyana Hook. et Arn., Rumex patientia L., Didymocarpus eburneus(Hance)Levl., Boea hygrometrica(Bge.)R. Br., Sonchus arvensis L., Rumex dentatus L., Sida retusa L., Lygodium flexuosum(L.)Sw., Dodartia orientalis L., Rubus ichangensis Hemsl. et O. Ktze., Smilax riparia A. DC., Circaea cordata Royle, Alnus lanata Duthie, Eleusine indica(L.)Gaertn., Arctium lappa L., Fortunearia sinensis Rehd. et Wils., Cerbera manghas L., Oldenlandia hedyotidea(DC.)Hand.-Mazz., Ficus hispida L.f., Ficus beecheyana Hook. et Arn., Rumex crispus L., Rumex nepalensis Spr., Daphniphyllum calycinum Benth., Arctium lappa L., Saurauia lantsangensis Hu, Saurauia napaulensis DC., Achyranthes bidentata Bl., Rumex crispus L., Aleurites fordii Hemsl., Gymnadenia conopsea R. Br., Gymnadenia crassinervis Finet, Coeloglossum viride(L.)Hartm. var. bracteatum(Willd.)Richter, Ranunculus japonicus Thunb., Lycianthes biflora(Lour.)Bitter, Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex H. de Lehaie, Melastoma sanguineum Sims, Polygonum barbatum L., Dioscorea alata L., Clematis argentilucida(Levl. et Vant.)W. T. Wang, Populus tomentosa Carr., Actinidia eriantha Benth., Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn., Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn. var. glabra Chang, Picris hieracioides L. subsp. fuscipilosa Hand.-Mazz., Ardisia pusilla DC., Dryopteris championi(Benth.)C. Chr. ex Ching, Adonis szechuenensis Franch., Verbascum thapsus L., Adenosma glutinosum(L.)Druce, Dysosma hispida(Hao)Chun, Gerbera piloselloides Cass., Philadelphus henryi Koehne, Croton caudatus Geisel. var. tomentosus Hook., Nanocnide pilosa Migo, Cornus walteri Wanger., Desmodium elegans(Lour.)Benth., Gerbera piloselloides Cass., Lindera caudate(Wall.)Benth., Photinia villosa(Thunb.)DC., Meconopsis quintuplinervia Reg., Leptodermis pilosa(Franch.)Diels, Geranium eriostemon Fisch., Cimicifuga foetida L., Cimicifuga dahurica(Turcz.)Maxim., Cimicifuga heracleifolia Kom., Serratula chinensis S. Moore, Aruncus Sylvester Kostel., Anhydrite, Lepisorus psedonudus Ching, Arundina chinensis Bl., Seseli giraldii Diels., Catharanthus roseus(L.)G. Don., Catharanthus roseus(L.)G. Don var. albus(Sweet)G. Don, C. roseus(L.)G. Don var. flavus(Tsiang)Metcalf, Vinca minor L., Vinca erecta Rgl. et Schmach, Platanthera japonica(Thunb.)Lindl., Callicarpa loureiri Hook. et Arn., Helicteres elongata Wall., Pedicularis longiflora Rudolph. var. tubiformis(Klotz.)Tsoong, Clerodendron indicum(L.)O. Ktze., Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Melasma arvense(Benth.)Hand.-Mazz., Crotalaria tetragona Roxb., Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck var. tomentosa Hort., Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck, Platycarya strobilacea Sieb. et Zucc., Platycarya longipes Wu, Schizothorax yunnanensis Norman, Juglans regia L., Lindera strychnifolia(Sieb. et Zucc.)Villar, Corvus macrorhynchus Wagler, Prunus mume(Sieb.)Sieb. et Zucc., Zaocys dhumnades(Cantor), Canarium pimela Koenig, Tarenna mollissima(Hook. et Arn.)Robins., Diospyros ebenum Koen., Sophora mairei Pamp., Vaccinium fragile Franch., Swertia heterantha Ling, Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune, Sepia esculenta Hoyle, Salix microstachya Turcz., Lindera strychnifolia(Sieb. et Zucc.)Villar, Clerodendron yunnanense Hu ex Hand.-Mazz., Corvus macrorhynchus Wagler, Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson, Fissistigma glaucescens(Hance)Merr., Sapium sebiferum(L.)Roxb., Periploca calophylla(Wight)Falc., Canarium pimela Koenig, Cayratia japonica(Thunb.)Gagn., Cayratia japonica(Thunb.)Gagn. var. pubifolia Merr. et Chun, Viola vaginata Maxim., Rubus tephrodes Hance, Gentiana urnula H. Sm., Corvus macrorhynchus Wagler, Sepiella maindronide Rochebrune, Sepia Esculenta Hoyle, Oenothera erythrosepala borb., Rosa chinensis Jacq., Laurus nobilis L., Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., Salvia przewalskii Maxim., S. przewalskii Maxim. var. mandarinorum(Diels)Stib., S. yunnanensis C. H. Wight, Ficus martini Levl. et Vant., Dioscorea japonica Thunb., Hiptage benghalensis(L.)Kurz, Adenoste㎜a lavenia(L.)O. Ktze., Rorippa palustris(Leyss.)Bess., Clinopodium chinense(Benth.)O. Ktze., Cephalanthus occidentalis L., Clematis chrysocoma Franch., Impatiens balsamina L., Rhodiola dumulosa(Franch.), Pedicularis henryi Maxim., Pedicularis longicaulis Franch. et Maxim., Pteris multifida Poir., Elsholtzia bodinieri Van't, Pteris ensiformis Burm., Sterculia nobilis Smith, Ailanthus altissima(Mill.)Swingle, Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson, Polystichum acanthophyllum(Fr.)Bedd., Cycas revolute Thunb., Sterculia nobilis Smith., Asplenium yunnanense Franch., Arthromeris mairei(Brause)Ching, Caryopteris terniflora Maxim., Viburnum propinquum Hemsl., Rhododendrom molle(Bl)G. Don, Iris speculatrix Hance, Eupatorium chinense L., Asparagus plumosus Bak., Meretrix meretrix L., Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bge., Cypsilurus agoo(Te㎜. et Schl.), Crinum asiaticum L. var. sinicum Bak, Calcite, Sus scrofa domestica Brisson, Helicteres isora L., Euphorbia antiquorum L., Cannabis sativa L., Aconitum sungpanense Hand.-Mazz., Polygonum chinense L., P. chinense var. thunbergianum, Streptocaulon griffithii Hook. f., Euphorbia antiquorum L., Tupistra pachymena Wang et Tang, Epilobium pyrricholophum Franch. et Sav., Viburnum cordifolium Wall. et DC., Croton tiglium L., Solanum indicum L., Miscanthus floridulus(Labill.)Warb., Morinda officinalis How, Morinda citrifolia, M. tictoria, Morinda lucida, Prunus amygdalus Batsch., Prunus amygdalus Batsch var. dulcis Schneider, P. amygdalus Batsch var. amara Schneider, Triplostegia grandiflora Gagn., Habenaria dentate(SW.)Schltr., Microtis taiwaniana Schltr., Bauhinia hupehana Craib, Aubskuaea carduiophylla Franch., Elsholtzia fruticosa(D. Don)Rehd., Ceropegia dolichophylla Schltr., Christia vespertilionin(L. f.)Bahn. F., Asplenium sarelii Hook., Tagetes patula L., Oenanthe javanica(Bl.)DC., Stachys baicalensis Fisch., Stachys recta L., Stachys neglecta Klok., Stachys betonicaeflora, Codium fragile(Sur.)Har., Solanum torvum Sw., Hydrotrechus remigator Hor., Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var. grandiflora Nakai, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var. radicans Mak., Enhydris chinensis(Gray), Cinnabar, Mercury, Scirpus validus Vahl, Hirudo nipponia Whitman, Whitmania Pigra(Whitman), Whitmania acranulata(Whitman), Whitmania edentula(Whitman), Polygonum hydropiper L., Ceratopteris thalictroides(L.)Brongn., Ludwigia prostrata Roxb., Begonia pedatifida Levl., Mnium cuspidatum Hedw., Bubalus bubalis L., Polypodium niponicum Mett., Polypodium vulgare L., P. pseudoamoenum Ching, Tacca plantaginea(Hance)Prenth., Tacca chantrieri Andre, Boehmeria grandifolia Wedd., Narcissus tazetta L. var. chinensis Roem., Jussiaea suffruticosa L., Narcissus papyraceus Ker-Gaw, Ligustrum quihoui Carr., Ligustrum sinense Lour. var. nitidum Rehd., Cardiocrinum cathayanum(Wils.)Mak., Adina pilulifera(Lam.)Franch., Murdannia triguetra(Wall.)BrUckn., Lysimachia stenosepala Hemsl., Lysimachia circaeoides Hemsl., Homonoia riparia Lour., Salix purpurea L., Geum japonicum Thunb., Adina rubella(Sieb. et Zucc.)Hance, Limnophila aromatica(Lam.)Merr., Rotala rotundifolia(Buch.-Ham.)Koehne, A㎜annia baccifera L., Oenanthe benghalensis(Roxb.)Kurz, Stachys baicalensis Fisch., Gymontheca involucrata Pei, Cassia nomame(Sieb.)Kitagawa, Saurauia tristyla DC., Glyptostrobus pensilis(Lamb.)K. Koch, Veronica anagallis-aquatica L., Impatiens uliginosa Franch., Penthorum chinense Pursh, Oldenlandia corymbosa L., Myricaria germanica(L.)Desv., Clerodendron inerme(L.)Gaertn., Limnophila rugosa(Roth)Merr., Nitella expansa Allen, Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne., Cyperus glomeratus L., Cleistocalyx operculatus(Roxb.)Merr. et Perry, Pongamia pinnata(L.)Merr., Potamogeton natans L., Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var. grandiflora Nakai, Actinidia callosa Lindl. var. henryi Maxim., Polygonum thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc., Pilea notata C. H. Wright, Oreocnide frutescens(Thunb.)Miq., Anemone hupehenis Lem. f. alba W. T. Wang, Inula helianthus-aquatilis C. Y. Wu ex Ling, Eichhornia crassipes Solms, Lactuca raddeana Maxim. var. elata(Hemsl.)Kitam., Monotropa uniflora L., Chloranthus fortunei(A.Gray)Solms, Neosalanx tankankei taihuensis Chen, Sorbus alnifolia(Sieb. et Zucc.)K. Koch, Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb., Wendlandia uvariifolia Hance, Sagittaria aginashi Mak., Apluda mutica L., Polygonum hydropiper L., Ficus stenophylla Hemsl., Ligularia sp., Isodon adenanthus(Diels)Kudo, Tacca plantaginea(Hance)Prenth., Polygonum orientale L., P. lapathifolium L., P. lapathifolium L. var. salicifolium Sibth., Salix purpurea L., Geum japonicum Thunb., Adina rubella(Sieb. et Zucc.)Hance, Phragmites karka(Retz.)Trin., Adina pilulifera(Lam.)Franch., Cassia nomame(Sieb.)Kitagawa, Saurauia tristyla DC., Veronica anagallis-aquatica L., Clerodendron inerme(L.)Gaertn., Lindernia antipoda(L.)Alston, Hymenocallis americana Roem., Hymenocallis speciosa, Polygala caudate Rehd. et Wils., Epilobium hirsutum L., Torenia glabra Osbeck, Inula helianthus-aquatilis C. Y. Wu ex Ling, Cacalia tangutica(Maxim.)Hand.-Mazz., Halerpestes sarmentosa(Adams)Kom., Cardamine lyrata Bge., Ligustrum quihoui Carr., Salix purpurea L., Veronica anagallis-aquatica L., Impatiens uliginosa Franch., Epilobium palustre L., Vittaria flexuosa Fee, Polygonatum odoratum(Mill.)Druce var. pluriflorum(Miq.)Ohwi, Polygonatum macropodium Turcz., Polygonatum involucratum Maxim., Polygonatum inflatum Komar., Lycopodium obscurum L., Nepherite, Stachytarpheta jamaicensis(L.)Vahl, Magnolia denudata desr., Zea mays L., Opuntia dillenii Haw, Pedilanthus tithymaloides(L.)Poit., Hosta plantaginea(Lam.)Aschers., Solanum pseudo-capsicum L., Mahonia bealei(Fort.)Carr., M. fortunei(Lindl.)Fedde, M. japonica(Thunb.)DC., Blumea balsamifera DC., Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant., Artemisia vulgaris L., Artemisia taurica, Blumea balsamifera DC., Benincasa hispida(Thunb.)Cogn. var. chichpua How, Alternanthera sessilis(L.)DC., Arcangelisia loureiri(Pier.)Diels, Streptocaulon griffithii Hook. f., Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. et Schult., Cryptolepis sanguinolenta Schlechter, Solanum nigrum L. var. pauciflorum Liou, Montmorillonite, Fullers earth, Nardostachys chinensis Batal., Nardostachys jatamanse DC., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Glycyrrhiza kansuensis Chang et Peng, Glycyrrhiza inflata Batal., Euphorbia kansui Liou, Euphorbia sieboldiana, E. sieboldiana Morr. et Decne., Brassica oleracea L. var. capiata L., B. oleracea L., Saccharum sinensis Roxb., Dioscorea esculenta(Lour.)Burkill, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Musa paradisiaca L. var. sapientum(L.)O. Ktze., Oxytropis kansuensis Bge., Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Arachniodes amabilis(Blume)Tindale, Pyrrosia lingua(Thunb.)Farw., Pyrrosia sheareri(Bak.)Ching, Pyrrosia drakeana(Franch.)Ching, Pyrrosia petiolosa(Christ)Ching, Pyrrosia davidii(Gies.)Ching, Pyrrosia gralla(Gies.)Ching, Umbilicaria esculenta(Miyoshi)Minks, Limestone, Gorgonia flabellum L., Parmelia saxatilis Ach., Parmelia saxatilis var. omphalodes, Bulbophyllum radiatum Lindl., Phryganea japonica㎖., Ulva lactuca L., Ulva pertusa Kjellm., endrobium nobile Lindl., Dendrobium linawianum Reichb. f., Dendrobium officinale K. Kimura et Migo, Dendrobium moniliforme(L.)Sw., Dendrobium hercoglossum Reichb. f, Dendrobium aduncum Wall. et Lindl., Dendrobium wilsonii Rolfe, Dendrobium hancockii Rolfe, Dendrobium lohohense Tang et Wang, Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe, Dendrobium bellatulum Rolfe, P590,,, Lycoris radiata(L'Her.)Herb., Lycoris squamigera Maxim., Mitella mitella(L.), Cypsum, Cladonia rangiferina Web., Sarcocheilichthys sinensis Bleeker, Cyrtiospirifer sinensis(Graban.), Mycoblastus alpinus(Fr.)Kernst., Telphusa sp., Chiton sp., Ludisia discolor(Ker-Gawl.)A. Rich., Pyrrosia lingua(Thunb.)Farw., Salvia chinensis Benth., Goodyera procera(Ker-Gawl.)Hook., Eumeces chinensis(Gray), Eumeces elegans Boulenger, Sphenomorphus indicus(Gray), Juncus effuses L. var. decipiens Buchen. f. utilis Mak., Ranunculus sceleratus L., Gontiana squarrosa Ledeb., Pholidota chinensis Lindl., Lysionotus pauciflora Maxim., Haliotis diversicolor Reeve, Haliotis gigantea discus Reeve, Elatostema laevigatum(Bl.)Hassk., Peucedanum terebinthaceum(Fisch.)Fisch. ex Turcz., Eucheuma gelatinae(Esp.)J. Ag., Chlamydoboea sinensis(Oliv.)Stapf, Lycopodium clavatum L., Lycopodium obscurum L., L. complanatum L., L. alpinum L., L. annotinum L., Pilea cavaleriei Levl., Psilotum nudum(L.)Griseb., Pothos chinensis(Raf.)Merr., Photinia serrulata Lindl., Rhododendron metternichii S. et Z., Hoya lyi Levl., Mosla scabra(Thunb.)C. Y. Wu. et H. W. Li, Sedum sarmentosum Bge., Mosla chinensis Maxim., Corallodiscus flabellata(Franch.)B. L. Burtt, Pseudosciaena crocea(Rich.), Pseudosciaena polyactis Bleeker, Lepisorus eilophyllus(Diels)Ching, Polygonum capitatum Ham. ex D. Don, Aleurites moluccana(L.)Willd., Petroleum, Acorus gramineus Soland., Acorus gramineus Soland. var. pusillus Engl., Anemone altaica Fisch., Berchemia hypochrysa Schneid., Dendrobium nobile Lindl., Stereocaulon paschale Hoffm., Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa Levl., Ficus sarmentosa Buch-Ham. ex J. E. Sm. var. henryi(King)Corner, Sulphur, Pilea plataniflora C. H. Wright, Pelargonium hortorum Bailey, Zacco platypus(Schl.), Punica granatum L., Peperomia dindigulensis Miq., Sedum mingjinianum Fu, Sedum tetractinum Frod., Sinocrassula indica(Decne.)Berger, Juncus effuses L. var. decipiens Buchen. f. utilis Mak., Ranunculus sceleratus L., Vaccinium saxicolum Chun ex Sleumer, Pseudosciaena crocea(Rich.), P. polyactis Bleeker, Lindera setchuenensis Gamble, Acorus gramineus Soland., Vitex quinata(Lour.)F. N. Williams, Uraria crinita Desv. var. macrostachya Wall., olystichum braunii(Spenn.)Fee, P624-2, Cybister tripunctatus orientalis Gschew., P625, Gentiana scabra Bge., Gentiana triflora Pall., Gentiana manshurica Kitag., Gentiana rigescens Franch., G. rigescens Franch. var. stictantha Marquand, Gentianopsis paludosa(Munro)Ma, G. lutea L., G punctata L., Tubocapsicum anomalum(Franch. et Sav.)Mak., Solanum nigrum L., Solanum auriculatum, S. xanthocarpum, Ottelia alismoides(L.)Pers., Cypripedium henryi Rolfe, Sauropus rostratus Miq., Nuphar bornetii Levl. et Vant., Physaliastrum heterophyllum(Hemsl.)Mak., Juncus setchuensis Buchen. var. effusoides Buchen., Poa sphondylodes Trin., Gracilaria verrucosa(Huds.)Papenf., Physeter catodon L., Tubocapsicum anomalum(Franch et Sav.)Mak., Passiflora foetida L., Euphoria longan(Lour.)Stend., Ixora chinensis Lam., Solanum nigrum L., Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. var. japonica(Miq.)Nakai, Sauropus rostratus Miq., Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. f., Rubus sieboldi Blume., Potamogeton pectinatus L., Anaphalis nepalensis(Spr.)Hand-Mazz., Porana racemosa Roxb., Anemone hupehensis Lem., Aster dubius(Thunb.)Onno, Aster scaber Thunb., Scopolia japonica Maxim., Agriophyllum arenarium Bieb., Aster scaber Thunb., Atalantia buxifolia(Poir.)Oliv., Woodwardia orientalis Sm., Artemisia finita Kitag., Blechnum orientale L., Glehnia littoralis F. Schmidt ex Miq., Nitraria sibirica Pall., Ainsliaea pertyoides Franch. var. albotomentosa Beauverd, Helwingia japonica(Thunb.)Dietr., Helwingia himalaica Clarke, Helwingia chinensis Batal., Bougainvillea glabra Choisy, Bougainvillea glabra var. sandericna, Euphorbia heterophylla L., Tilia tuan Szysz., Helwingia japonica(Thunb.)Dietr., H. himalaica Clarke, H. chinensis Batal., Pleonomus canaliculatus Faldermann, Agriotes fuscicollis Miwa, Melanotus caudex Lewis., Mecopoda elongata L., Philydrum lanuginosum Banks, Cipangopaludina chinensis(Gray), Convolvulus arvensis L., Smithia sensitiva Ait., Turbo cornutus Solander, Arisaema ringens(Thunb.)Schott, Veronicastrum cauloptera(Hance)Yamazaki, Cissus pteroclada Hayata, Galium bungei Stend., Galium gracilens(A. Gray)Mak., Chloranthus henryi Hemsl., Lysimachia paridiformis Franch., Lysimachia trientaloides Hemsl., Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb., Anagallis arvensis L., Japalura flaviceps Barbour et Dunn, Chloranthus multistachys Pei., Schnabelia oligophylla Hand.-Mazz., Liriodendron chinensis(Hemsl.)Sarg., Cucumis melo L. var. flexuosus Naud., C. melo L. var. conomon Mak., Zingiber officinale Rosc., Rhus verniciflua Stokcs, Stelmatocrypton khasianum(Benth.)H. Baill., Tylorrhynchus heterochaeta Quatrefages, Eria graminifolia Lindl., Hematite, Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., Phyllostachys nigra(Lodd.)Munro var. henonis(Mitf.)Stapf ex Rendle, Pleioblastus amarus(Keng)Keng f., sEchinopsis multiplex Zucc., Opuntia dillenii Haw., Opuntia monacantha Haw., P664, Scorzonera albicaulis Bge., Pyrus hondoensis Nakai et Kikuchi, Opuntia dillenii Haw., Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. var. japonica(Miq.)Nakai, Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. var. viscidula Kom., A. pilosa Ledeb. var. nepalensis(D. Don)Nakai, A. pilosa Ledeb., A. pilosa Ledeb. var. coreana(Nakai)Liou et Cheng, A. pilosa Ledeb. f. davurica Nakai, A. asiatica Juz., Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. var. japonica(Miq.)Nakai, Bletilla striata(Thunb.)Reichb. f., Micromelum falcatum(Lour.)Tanaka, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Euonymus tengyuehensis W. W. Smith, Vigna cylindrica(L.)Skeels, Lactuca sativa L., Angelica dahurica(Fisch. ex Hoffm.)Benth. et Hook. f. ex Franch. et Sav., Angelica anomala Lallem., Angelica taiwaniana Boiss., Heracleum scabridum Franch., Amaranthus viridis L., Brassica alba(L.)Boiss., Alunite, Gin㎏o biloba L., Erythroculter ilishaeformis(Bleeker), Chalk, P686, Cynanchum stauntoni(Decne.)Schltr. ex Levl., Cynanchum glaucescens(Decne.)Hand.-Mazz., Prunus mume(Sieb.)Sieb. et Zucc., Acorus calamus L., Acorus calamus L. var. angustatus, Lophura nycthemera nycthemera(L.), Artemisia sieversiana Ehrh. ex Willd., Ampelopsis japonica(Thunb.)Mak., Ampelopsis meliaefolia, Cynanchum atratum Bge., Cynanchum versicolor Bge., Millettia bonatiana Pamp., Passer montanus saturatus Stejneger, Passer rutilans rutilans(Te㎜inck), Rhodiola henryi(Diels)Fu, Ledum palustre L. var. angustum E. Busch, Melaleuca leucadendra L., Serissa serissoides(DC.)Druce, Serissa foetida Co㎜., Tremella fuciformis Berk., Quercus acutissima Carr., Q. aliena Bl., Inula cappa DC., Cucubalus baccifer L., Arnebia saxatilis Benth. et Hook., Solanum lyratum Thunb., Solanum dulcamara L., Delphinium pogonanthum Hand.-Mazz., Quartz, P702, Lactuca indica L., Michelia alba DC., Pulsatilla chinensis(Bge.)Reg., Oyksatukka dagyrruca(Fisch.)Spr., Pulsatilla koreana Nakai, Pulsatilla turczaninovii Krylov et Serg., Pulsatilla ambigua Turcz. ex Pritz., Potentilla chinensis Ser., P. discolor Bge., Anemone vitifolia Buch.-Ham., A. hupehensis Lem., A. tomentosa(Maxim.)Pei, Pulsatilla nigricans, Anemone cernua, Pulsatilla nigricans, Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Populus davidiana Dode, Populus bonatii Levl., Amomum cardamomum L., Elettaria cardamomum White et Maton, Angelica dahurica(Fisch. ex Hoffm.)Benth. et Hook. f. ex Franch. et Sav., A. anomala Lallem., A. taiwaniana Boiss., Plumbago zeylanica L., Ternstroemia gymnanthera(Wight et Arn.)Sprague, Cleome gynandra L., Agkistrodon acutus(Gunther), Bungarus multicinctus Blyth, Elaphe moellendorffi(Boettger), Clematis maximowicziana Franch., Brassica alba(L.)Boiss., Perilla frutescens(L.)Britt., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Saccharum Sinensis Roxb., Salvia scapiformis Hance, Pinus bungeana Zucc., Pinus massoniana Lamb., Fraxinus malacophylla Hemsl., Sophora viciifolia Hance, Imperata cylindrica(L.)P. Beauv. Var. major(Nees)C. E. Hubb., Gin㎏o biloba L., Acanthopanax trifoliatus(L.)Merr., Parnassia foliosa Hook. f. et Thoms. var. nu㎜ularia Nakai, P. wightiana Wall., Buddleia asiatica Lour., Tilia omeiensis Fang, Chelidonium majus L., Chelidonium majus L. var. grandiflorum DC., P727, Coluber spinalis(Peters), Beesia calthaefolia(Maxim.)Ulbr., Quercus fabri Hance, Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlocht., Stephania cepharantha Hayata, Dioscorea panthaica Prain et Burkill, Pteroxygonum giraldii Da㎜er et Diels, Mallotus apelta(Lour.)Muell.-Arg., Lindera gambleana Allen, Populus alba L., Cynanchum bungei Decne., Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight, C. wilfordi(Maxim.)Hemsl., Betula pendula Roth, Anas domestica L., Sesamum indicum DC., Liquidambar taiwaniana Hance, Prunus mume(Sieb.)Sieb. et Zucc., Smilax lunglingensis Wang et Tang, Asystasiella neesiana(Wall.)Lindau, Mussaenda parviflora Miq., Mussaenda divaricata Hutch., Elaeagnus viridus Serv. var. delavayi Lecte., Anser domestica Geese, Canarium album(Lour.)Raeusch., Setaria italica(L.)Beauv., Ampelopsis japonica(Thunb.)Mak., Fraxinus chinensis Roxb., Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., Dictamnus angustifolius G. Don, D. albus var. caucasicus, Bombyx mori L., Beauveria bassiana(Bals.)Vuill., Argyreia acuta Lour., Argyreia lilliflora C. Y. Wu, Dioscorea hispida Dennst., Symplocos paniculata(Thunb.)Miq., Rhodiola henryi(Diels)Fu, Viola arcuata Bl., Melaleuca leucadendra L., Equus caballus(L.), Serissa serissoides(DC.)Druce, S. foetida Co㎜., Heracleum rapula Franch., Solanum lyratum Thunb., Punica granatum L. var. albescens DC., Punica granatum L. var. multiplex Sw., Senecio nagensium C. B. Clarke, Elaeagnus oldhamii Maxim., Pulsatilla chinensis(Bge.)Reg., Gerbera delavayi Franch., Populus davidiana Dode, Amomum cardamomum L., Styrax dasyantha Perk., Gentiana algida Pall., G. algida Pall. var. przewalskii(Maxim.)Kusnez., Iris dichotoma Pall., Cleome gynandra L., Agkistrodon acutus(GUnther), Fluggea virosa(Willd.)Baill., Isodon sculponieatus(Vant.)Kudo, Paederia scandens(Lour.)Merr. var. tomentosa(Bl.)Hand.-Mazz., Sophora viciifolia Hance, Gin㎏o biloba L., Aristolochia championii Merr. et Chun, Buddleia asiatica Lour., Chelidonium majus L., Gynura divaricata(L.)DC., Mallotus apelta(Lour.)Muell.-Arg., Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., Fraxinus chinensis Roxb., Rhinacanthus nasuta(L.)Kurz, Argyreia acuta Lour., Bellamya quadrata(Benson), Ajuga decumbens Thunb., Pulsatilla chinensis(Bge.)Reg., Populus davidiana Dode, Rhododendron mucronatum G. Don, Dracocephalum heterophyllum Benth., Agkistrodon acutus(GUnther), Oldenlandia diffusa(Willd.)Roxb., Oldenlandia corymbosa L., O. tenellifora(Bl.)O. Ktze., O. pinifolia(Wall.)K. Schum., Sophora glauca Lesch. var. albescens Rehd. et Wils., Gynura divaricata(L.)DC., Cucumis melo L., Polygala japonica Houtt., Fissistigma oldhamii(Hemsl.)Merr, Polygonum caespitosum Bl., Ficus comata Hand.-Mazz., Ficus religiosa L., Benincasa hispida(Thunb.)Cogn., Debregeasia edulis(Sieb. et Zucc.)Wedd., Ilex chinensis Sims, Malva verticillata L., Abutilon theophrasti Medic., Malva verticillata L., Hepialus armoricanus OberthUr, Cordyceps sinensis(Berk.)Sacc., Kalopanax septe㎖obus(Thunb.)Koidz., Aralia chinensis L., P769, Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl., S. grossheimi, S. nodosa, P771, P772, Lancea tibetica Hook. f. et Thoms., Wahlenbergia marginata(Thunb.)A. DC., Caryopteris incana(Thunb.)Miq., Lancea thibetica Hook. f. et Thoms., Cypripedium margaritaceum Franch., Pinellia ternate(Thunb.)Breit., Pinellia pedatisecta Schott, Portulaca grandiflora Hook., Elsholtzia ciliata(Thunb.)Hyland, Lobelia chinensis Lour., Christia obcordata(Poir.)Bahn. f., Pteris semipinnata L., Scutellaria barbata D. Don, Perularia ussuriensis(Reg.)Schltr., P784, Passiflora wilsonii Hemsl., Pterospermum heterophyllum Hance, Semiliquidambar cathayensis H. Y. Chang, Dendropanax proteus(Champ.)Benth., Sassafras tsumu Hemsl., Artocarpus hypargyraea Hance, Alectoria asiatica Du Rietz, Deutzia ningpoensis Rehd, Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim., Ficus taiwanicola Maxim. var. angustifolia(Cheng)Migo, Ficus heteromorpha Hemsl., Crepis phoenix Dunn, Cudrania cochinchinensis(Lour.)Kudo et Masam., Sapindus delavayi(Franch.)Radlk., Vernonia andersonii Clarke, Pteracanthus alatus(Wall. et Nees)Brem., Cassia alata L., Ceropegia pubescens Wall., Cynanchum hancockianum(Maxim.)Al. Iljinski, Satyrium nepalense D. Don, Passiflora cupiformis Mast., Polystichum tsus-simense(Hook.)J. Sm., Callicarpa rubella Lindl., Viburnum ichangensis Rehd., Chloranthus serratus(Thunb.)Roem. et Schult., Nanocnide japonica Bl.,
Quercus liaotungensis Koidz., Luffa cylindrica(L.)Roem., Luffa acutangula roxb., P792, Drymotaenium miyoshianum(Mak.)Mak., Euonymus bungeanus Maxim., Lindernia crustacea(L.)F. Mucll., Matricaria chamomilla L., Syzygium aromaticum(L.)Merr. et Perry, Cayratia carnosa Gagn., Arisaema purpureo-galeatum Engl., Halite, Viola yedoensis Mak., Viola japonica Langsd., Gueldenstaedtia multiflora Bge., Gueldenstaedtia pauciflora(Pall.)Fisch., Gentiana loureiri(D. Don)Griseb., Viola inconspicua Bl., V. patrinii DC., V. oxycentra Juz., Corydalis bungeana Turcz., Anemone flaccida Fr. Schmidt, Pachyrhizus erosus(L.)Urban, Burmannia coelestis D. Don, Meloe coarctatus Motsch., Lycopus lucidus Turcz., P803, Melastoma dodecandrum Lour., Thymus serpyllum L., Thymus mongolicus Ronn., Heteropogon contortus(L.)Beauv., Sanguisorba officinalis L., Sanguisorba parviflora(Maxim.)Takeda, S. tenuifolia Fisch. et Link, S. grandiflora(Maxim.)Mak., S. longifolia Bertol., Parthenocissus tricuspidata(Sieb. et Zucc.)Planch., Astragalus bhotanensis Bak., Stephania delavayi Diels, Lithospermum zollingeri DC., Lithospermum arvense L., Viola diffusa Ging., Pachyrhizus erosus(L.)Urban, Ficus tikoua Bur., Ruellia drymophila(Deils)Hand-Mazz., Hypericum japonicum Thunb., Kadsura heteroclita(Roxb.)Craib, Lotus corniculatus L., Luzula capitata(Miq.)Miq., L. multiflora(Ehrh.)Lej., Polygala crotalarioides Buch.-Ham., Abacopteris penangiana(Hook.)Ching, Pratia begonifolia(Wall.)Lindl., Kochia scoparia(L.)Schrad., Kochia scoparia(L.)Schrad. f. trichophila Schinz et Thell., K. sieversiana(Pall.)C. A. Mey., Chenopodium album L., Asplenium incisum Thunb., Selaginella moellendorfii Hieron., Viola philippica Cav. subsp. malesica W. Beck., Lycium chinense Mill., Myrmeleon micans Mac Lachlan, Drosera spathulata Labill., Urena lobata L., Viola collina Bess., Rubus xanthocarpus Bur. et Franch., Veronica serpyllifolia L., Cynanchum thesioides(Freyn)K. Schum., Marchantia polymorpha L., Melastoma dodecandrum Lour., Rehmannia glutinosa(Gaertn.)Libosch., Viola grypoceras A. Gray, Munronia henryi Harms, Rehmannia glutinosa(Gaertn.)Libosch., Mollugo pentaphylla L., Euphorbia humifusa Willd., Euphorbia pilulifera, Chamaerhodos erecta(L.)Bge., Raphanus sativus L., Gnaphalium adnatum Wall. ex DC., Stellaria saxatilis Buch.-Ham.Rubus iremaeus Focke, Ficus tikoua Bur., Kadsura heteroclita(Roxb.)Craib, Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. var. perpusilla Schneid., Ophiorrhiza succirubra King ex Hook. f., Musella lasiocarpa(Franch.)C. Y. Wu, P831, Abies sutchuenensis(Franch.)Rehd. et Wils., Celtis sinensis Pers., Colocasia esculenta(L.)Schott, Trillium tschonoskii Maxim., Trillium camtschaticum Pall., Achnatherum splendens(Trin.)Nevski, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss., Mirabilite, Hypericum patulum thunb., Dicranopteris dichotoma(Thunb.)Bernh., Euphrasia maximowiczii Wettst., Sesamum indicum DC., Reineckea carnea Kunth, Lobaria pulmonaria(L.)Hoffm., Bauhinia variegata L., Leontopodium leontopdioides(Wils.)Beauv., Cynanchum inamoenum(Maxim.)Loes., Rubus pinfaensis Levl. et Vant., Polygonatum cirrhifolium(Wall.)Royle, Diospyros rhombifolia Hemsl., Callicarpa bodinieri Levl. var. giraldii(Rehd.)Rehd., Thladiantha verrucosa Cogn. ex Oliv., Medicago lupulina L., Capparis spinosa L., Berchemia lineata(L.)DC., Ilex pernyi Franch., Acanthus ilicifolius L., Erodium stephanianum Willd., Geranium wilfordii Maxim., Geranium nepalense Sweet, Geranium sibiricum L., Geranium carolinianum L., G. dahuricum DC., G. dahuricum DC. var. alpinum Bar. et Skv., Amaranthus caudatus L., Mucuna wangii Hu, Mucuna macrocarpa Wall., Brucea javanica(L.)Merr., Sabia yunnanensis Franch., Epaltes australis Less., Bauhinia variegata L., Phryma leptostachya L., Citrullus vulgaris Schrad., P850, Mactra antiquata Spengler, Panax quinquefolium L., Passiflora caerulea L., Nasturtium officinale R. Br., Linum usitatissimum L., Oryza sativa L., Orobanche caerulescens Steph., Orobanche pycnostachya Hance, Orobanche asiatica Kirschl., O. rapum-genistae Thuill., Tephrosia purpurea(L.)Pers., Chenopodium serotinum L., Polystichum deltodon(Bak.)Diels, Cotoneaster acutifolius Turcz., Lilium brownii F. E. Browm var. colchesteri Wils., Lilium pumilum DC., Lilium longiflorum Thunb., Lilium dahuricum Ker-Gawl., L. concolor Salisb., L. cernuum Kom., L. concolor Salisb. var. buschianum Bak., L. distichum Nakai, L. davidii Duch., L. martagon L., Stemona japonica(Bl.)Miq., Stemona sessilifolia(Miq.)Franch. et Sav., Stemona tuberosa Lour., Stemona parviflora Wright, S. vagula W. W. Smith., Asparagus filicinus Ham. ex D. Don, A. officinalis L., Turdus merula mandarinus Bonaparte, Ardisia crispa(Thunb.)A. DC., Aridisia brevicaulis Diels, Marsdenia longipes W. T. Wang, Disporum sessile(Thunb.)D. Don var. flavens(Kitag.)Y. C. Tang, Disporum cantoniense(Lour.)Merr., Aletris lanuginosa Bur. et Franch., P864, P865, Lotus corniculatus L., Morinda parvifolia Bartl., Thesium chinense Turcz., Ardisia crispa(Thunb.)A. DC., Gymnotheca chinensis Decne., Neottianthe cucullata(L.)Schltr., Nerium indicum Mill., Cyclemys sp., Cyclemys trifasciata Bell, Polygonum perfoliatum L., Cynanchum officinale(Hemsl.)Tsiang et Zhang, Seseli seseloides(Fisch. et Mey. ex Turcz.)Hiroe, Ampelopsis aconitifolia Bge., Reinwardtia trigyna(Roxb.)Planch., Lycopodium complanatum L., Lycopodium casuarinoides Spring, Adiantum flabellulatum L., Jussiaea repens L., Embelia pauciflora var. blinii(Levl.)Walker, Bauhinia championi(Benth.)Benth., Callicarpa longissima(Hemsl.)Merr., Cyrtomium caryotideum(Wall.)Presl, Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels, Angelica acutiloba(Sieb. et Zucc.)Kitag., Ligusticum glaucescens Franch., Levisticum officinale Koch, Angelica acutiloba var. sugiyama Hikino, Embelia parviflora Wall., Pyrrosia clavata(Bak.)Ching, P880, Tulipaedulis Bak., Tulipailiensis Reg., Croton laevigatus Vahl, Stachys palustris L., Trema cannabina Lour., Sedum drymarioides Hance, Bullacta exarata(Philippi), Pellionia repens(Lour.)Merr., Strychnos ignatii Berg., Mallotus philippinensis(Lam.)Muell.-Arg., Celastrus angulata Maxim., Viburnum cylindricum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Zebrina pendula Schnizl., Ceropegia christenseniana Hand.-Mazz., Rubus innominatus S. Moore var. Kuntzeanus(Hemsl.)Bailey, Rhodobryum roseum Limpr., Cicer arietinum L., Ranunculus chinensis Bge., Atylosia mollis(Willd.)Benth., Sanguisorba filiformis(Hook. f.)Hand.-Mazz., Phyllostachys nigra(Lodd.)Munro var. henonis(Mitf.)Stapf ex Rendle, Isodon ternifolius(D. Don)Kudo, Fraxinus chinensis Roxb., Ligustrum lucidum Ait., Exicerus pela(Chavannes), Cinnamomum cassia Presl, Myristica fragrans Houtt., Cistanche salsa(C. A. Mey.)G. Beck, Cistanche ambigua(Bge.)G. Beck, Impatiens microcentra Hand.-Mazz., Cinnamomum cassia Presl, Myristica fragrans Houtt., Phyllostachys nigra(Lodd.)Munro var. henonis(Mitf.)Stapf ex Rendle, Phyllostachys sulphurea(Carr.)A. et C. Riv., Bambusicola thoraica thoraciac(Te㎜.), Labeo decorus Peters, P900, Bambusa textiles Mc-Clure, Shiraia bambusicola Henn., Xylocopa dissimilis(Lep.), P903, Tupistra ensifolia Wang et Tang, Co㎜elina diffusa Burm. f., Homalocladium platycladum(F. Muell.)Bailey, Murdannia divergens(C. B. Clarke)BrUckn., Disporum cantoniense(Lour.)Merr., Pollia japonica Thunb., Co㎜elina benghalensis L., Zanthoxylum planispinum Sieb. et Zucc., Conax Cannaeformis(Forst.)Schum., Tecomaria capensis(Thunb.)Spach, Streptopus simplex D. Don, Lingnania chungi McClure, Sinocalamus affinis(Rendle)McClure, Tupistra chinensis Bak., Rhizomys sinensis Gray, Lyctus brunneus Steph., Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall. var. japonicus(C. A. Mey.)Hoo & Tseng, Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall. var. bipinnatifidus(Seem.)Li, P. pseudo-ginseng Wall. var. angustifolius(Burkill)Li, Anemone raddeana Reg., Lathyrus palustris L. var. linearifolius Ser., Lathyrus sativus, Seseli mairei Wolff, Seseli yunnanense Franch., Zanthoxylum planispinum Sieb. et Zucc., Rhizomys sinensis Gray, Lyctus brunneus Steph., Claoxylon polot(Burm. f.)Merr., Erythrina arborescens Roxb., Callicarpa arborea Roxb., Cinnabar, Salvia cavaleriei Levl., Ardisia crenata Sims, Aristolochia kaempferi Willd., Damnacanthus indicus Gaertn. f., P915, Vernonia cinerea(L.)Less., Symplocos chinensis(Lour.)Druce, Physochlaina infundibularis Kuang, Impatiens chinensis L., Combretum alfredii Hance, Chrysosplenium sinicum Maxim., Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang, Corydalis ambigua Cham. Et Schlecht. var. amurensis Maxim., C. ambigua Cham. et Schlecht., C. remota Fisch. ex Maxim., Corydalis hamosa Migo, Corydalis remota Fisch var. lineariloba Maxim, Corydalis remota Fisch var. pectinata Kom, Ranunculus cantoniensis DC., Crotalaria assamica Benth., Pyrite, P925, Wedelia wallichii Less., Taxus mairei(Lemee et Levl.)S. Y. Hu, Daemonorops draco Bl., Pleomele cambodiana(Pier. ex Gagn.)Merr. et Chun, Schisandra henryi Clarke, Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils., Lespedeza buergeri Miq., Chenopodium hybridum L., Ventilago leiocarpa Benth., Sambucus adnata Wall., Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Sesbania cannabina(Retz.)Pers., Helianthus annuus L., Pheropsophus jessoensis Mor., Buthus martensi Karsch, Androctonus australis, Dracocephalum integrifolium Bge., Rubus amphidasys Focke, Aeschymomene indica L., Actinoste㎜a lobatum(Maxim.)Maxim., Albizzia julibrissin Durazz., Albizzia chinensis, Albizzia kalkora(Roxb.)Prain, A. gu㎜ifera, Albizzia julibrissin Durazz., Aeschynomene indica L., Polygala lateriflora Y. K. Yang et al., Cynanchum amplexicaule Hemsl., Polygonum polystachyum Wall., Zanthoxylum multijugum Franch., Balanophora polyandra Griff., Clinopodium polycephalum(Van.)C. Y. Wu et Hsuan, Dysosma auranticocaulis(Hand.-Mazz.)Hu, Melastoma polyanthum Bl., Meconopsis horridula Hook. f. et Thoms., Vicia multicaulis Ledeb., Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd., Alnus tinctoria Sarg., Anas platyrhynchos L., Artemisia anomala S. Moore, Siphonostegia chinensis Benth., Artemisia selengensis Turcz., Lepisma saccharina L., Equisetum arvense L., Arctia caja L., Juncus effusus L. var. decipiens Buchen., Juncus leschenaultii Gay., J. setchuensis Buchen. var. effusoides Buchen., Ribes mandschuricum(Maxim.)Kom., Physalis peruviana L., Juncus effusus L. var. decipiens Buchen., Erigeron breviscapus(Vant.)Hand.-Mazz., Erigeron bonariensis, Cassia tora L., P951, Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. f., Blumea balsamifera DC., P953, Aneurolepidium dasystachys(Trin.)Nevski, Pinna pectinata L., Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. var. batrachium(Hance)Hand.-Mazz., Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam., Stephania hernandifolia Walp., Campylotropis macrocarpa(Bge.)Rehd., Styrax benzoin Dryand., Styrax tonkinensis(Pier.)Craib, Styrax hypoglauca Perk., S. macrothyrsus Perk., S. subnivea Merr. et Chun, Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom., Aconitum coreanum(Levl.)Raipaics, Capra hircus L., Ovis aries L., Rumex japonicus Houtt., Rumex nepalensi Spr., Rumex confertus Willd., Rumex japonicus Houtt., Rumex nepalensis Spr., Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum Hemsl., Liparis japonica(Miq.)Maxim., Strophanthus divaricatus(Lour.)Hook. et Arn., Polygonatum verticillatum(L.)All., Polygonatum roseum(Ledeb.)Kunth, Lindernia angustifolia(Benth.)Wettst., Morinda umbellata L., Osmanthus matsumuranus Hayata, Rumex japonicus Houtt., R. nepalensis Spr., Emilia sonchifolia(L.)DC., Laggera alata(Buch.-Ham.)Sch.-Bip., Buddleia officinalis Maxim., Strophanthus divaricantus(Lour.)Hook. et Arn., Carex lanceolata Boott, Viburnum utile Hemsl., Rhododendron molle(Bl.)G. Don, Passiflora altebilobata Hemsl., P973, P974, Aglaia odorata Lour., Oryza sativa L., P975, Eurya chinensis R. Br., Vaccinium sprengelii(G. Don)Sleumer, Erigeron canadensis L., Allophylus viridis radlk., Cyperus difformis L., Aristolochia mollissima Hance, Averrhoa carambola L., Actinolite, Actinolite asbestus, Actinolitum brevifibrum, Caragana franchetiana Kom., Platysternon megacephalum Gray, Botrychium ternatum(Thunb.)Sw., Cinnamomum burmannii(Nees)Bl., Stephania tetrandra S. Moore, Aristolochia fangchi Wu, Cocculus trilobus(Thunb.)DC., Aristolochia heterophylla Hemsl., Sinomenium acutum(Thunb.)Rehd. et Wils., Menispermum dauricum DC., Aristolochia moupinensis Franch., A. kaempferi Willd., Saposhnikovia divaricata(Turcz.)Schischk., Ligusticum brachylobum Franch., Seseli mairei Wolff, Seseli yunnanense Franch., Seseli iliense(Reg. Et Sclmalh.)Lipsky, Saposhnikovia divaricala(Turcz.)Schischk., Anisomeles indica(L.)O. Ktze., Gynura bicolor DC., Microsorium dilatatum(Bedd.)Sledge, Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl., Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall. var. bipinnatifidus(Seem.)Li, Gnetum parvifolium(Warb.)C. Y. Cheng, Styrax suberifolia Hook. et Arn., Remusatia vivipara(lodd.)Schott., Monascus purpureus Went, Ormosia hosiei Hemsl. et Wils., Carthamus tinctorius L., Arisaema balansae Engl., Solanum septe㎖obum Bge., Polygonum suffultum Maxim., Desmodium szechuenense(Craib)Schindl., Orchis salina Turcz., Pyracantha fortuneana(Maxim.)Li, Begonia fimbristipulata Hance, Begonia membranifera Chun et F. Chun, Carrierea calycina Franch., Iresine herbstii Hook. f., Kadsura longipedunculata Finet et Gagn., Tetrastigma obovatum(Laws.)Gagn., Leontice robustum(Maxim.)Diels, Centropus sinensis(Stephens), C. bengalensis(Gmelin), Murdannia malabaricum(L.)BrUckn., Eupatorium heterophyllum DC., Umbilicaria hypococcina(Jatta)Llano, Gyrophora tornata Ach., Dermatocarpon miniatum(L.)Mann., Blumea lacera(Burm. f.)DC., Peristrophe roxburghiana(Schult.)Brem., Larix potaninii Batal., Alpinia galanga(L.)Swartz, Carthamus tinctorius L., Astragalus sinicus L., Hypericum ascyron L., Actinodaphne cupularis(Hemsl.)Gamble, Strobilanthes japonicus(Thunb.)Miq., Laportea macrostachya(Maxim.)Ohwi, Polygonum ciliinerve(Nakai)Ohwi, Alchornea trewioides(Benth.)Muell.-Arg., Salvia plectranthoides Griff., Anneslea fragrans Wall., Dalbergia hancei Benth., Begonia laciniata Roxb., Huechys sanguinea De Geer., Rhus punjabensis Stew. var. sinica(Diels)Rehd. et Wils., Smilax glabra Robx., S. glauco-china Warb., Smilax mairei Levl., Rubus rufo-lanatus H. T. Chang, Ulmus pumila L. var. pilosa Rehd., Callicarpa rubella Lindl., Mallotus barbatus(Wall.)Muell.-arg., Rhodiola sacra(Prain ex Hamet)Fu, Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc., Aralia echinocaulis Hand.-Mazz., Cyathocline purpurea(Ham.)O. Ktze., Chamaenerion angustifolium(L.)Scop., Polygonum flaccidum Meissn., Polygonum blumei Meissn., Persicaria longiseta, Desmodium szechuenense(Craib)Schindl., Oxyria sinensis Hemsl., Hydrocotyle nepalensis Hook., Trifolium pratense L., Eupatorium heterophyllum DC., Alternanthera versicolor Reg., Begonia crassirostris Irmsch., Blumea mollis(D. Don)Merr., Viburnum ovatifolium Rehd., Desmodium gangeticum(L.)DC., Rhododendron arboreum Smith f. roseum Sweet, R. campylocarpum Hook. f., Clematis brevicaudata DC., Elaeagnus henryi Warb., Swertia erythrosticta Maxim., Ipomoea batatas Lam., Ilex sp., Illicium lanceolatum A. C. Smith, Ecdysanthera rosea Hook. et Arn., Rubus mallodes Focke, Begonia sinensis A. DC., Castanopsis hickelii A. Camus, Erigeron elongatus Ledeb., Alstonia yunnanensis Diels, Acanthopanax giraldii Harms, Ardisia mamillata Hance, Meconopsis punicea Maxim., Caragana rosea Turcz., Chamaenerion angustifolium(L.)Scop., Veronica ciliata Fisch., Agate, Ustilago nuda(Jens.)Rostr., Ustilago hordei(Pers.)Lagerh., Hordeum dislichon, Claviceps purpurea(Fr.)Tulasne, Secale cereale L., Claviceps microcephala Tulasne, C. purpurea(Fr.)Tulasne, Claviceps microcephala Ce-3, Bulbophyllum inconspicuum Maxim., Ophiopogon japonicus Ker-Gawl., Ophiopogon intermedius D. Don, Liriope spicata Lour., L. minor(Maxim.)Mak., L. kansuensis(Batal.)C. H. Wright, Ophiopogon japonicus Ker-Gawl. var. genuinus Maxim., Silene conoidea L., Boehmeria gracilis C. H. Wright, Dalbergia mimosoides Franch., Mappianthus iodoides Hand.-Mazz., Polygala tenuifolia Willd., Indigofera neopolygaloides Hu, Phlomis tuberosa L., Quercus liaotungensis Koidz., Mallotus repandus(Willd.)Muell.-Arg., Euco㎜ia ulmoides Oliv., Cuculus poliocephalus Latham, Asarum forbesii Maxim., Juniperus rigida Sieb. et Zucc., Maesa japonica(Thunb.)Moritzi, Rhododendron simsii Planch., Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook., Hippuris vulgaris L., Mangifera indica L., Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc., Weigela japonica Thunb., Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham., Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc., Glycine max(L.)Merr., Campylotropis delavayi(Franch.)Schindl., Iris sanguinea Hornem., Litsea cubeba(Lour.)Pers., L. pungens Hemsl., L. euosma W. W. Smith, Amomum cardamomum L., Peperomia reflexa(L. f.)A. Dietr., P1045~1046, Helicia erratica Hook. f., Papaver rhoeas L., Polycarpaea corymbosa(L.)Lam., Crossostephium chinense(L.)Mak. ex Cham. et Schltr., Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc., Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn., Ulmus macrocarpa Hance, Brassica rapa L., Brassica campestris L. var. oleifera DC., Cymbopogon distans(Nees)A. Camus, Sonchus brachyotus DC., Amaranthus mangostanus L., Percocypris pingi(Tchang), Polemonium liniflorum V. Vassil., Polemonium coeruleum L., Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim., Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc., Zanthoxylum simulans Hance, Z. planispinum Sieb. et Zucc., Z. avicennac(Lam.)DC., Z. simulans Hance var. podocarpum(Hemsl.)Huang, Z. piperitum DC., Sorbus pohuashanensis(Hance)Hedl., Halenia corniculata(L.)Cornaz., Clematis pseudopogonandra Finet et Gagn., Malus asiatica Nakai, Trigonella ruthenica L., Paederus densipennis Bernh., Lysimachia lobelioides Wall., Cissus discolor Bl., Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim., Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc., Begonia cathayana Hemsl., Ophicalcite, Pottsia laxiflora(Bl.)O. Ktze., Asarum maximum Hemsl., Polygonum runcinatum Buch.-Ham., P. runcinatum Buch.-Ham. var. sinense Hemsl., Dryopteris laeta(Kom.)C. Chr., Barleria lupulina Lindl., Barleria prionitis L., Munronia sinica Diels, Oenanthe javanica(Bl.)DC., Brassica juncea(L.)Czern. et Coss., Atractylodes lancea(Thunb.)DC., Atractylodes chinensis Koidz., Atractylodes japonica Koidz. ex Kitam., A. chinensis Koidz. var. simplicifolia Kitag., A. chinensis var. quinqueloba, A. chinensis var. liaotungensis, Xanthium sibiricum Patr. ex Widd., Indigofera hancockii Craib, Saxiglossum angustissimum(Gies.)Ching, Diploclisia glaucescens(Bl.)Diels, Euryale ferox Salisb., Phragmites co㎜unis Trin., Aloe vera L., Aloe ferox Mill., Aloe vera L. var. chinensis(Haw.)Berger, Piper boehmeriaefolium Wall., Arundo donax L., Ruellia repens L., Musa basjoo Sieb. et Zucc., Caesalpinia sappan L., Perilla frutescens(L.)Britt. Var. crispa(Thunb.)Hand.-Mazz., P. frutescens(L.)Britt. Var. acuta(Thunb.)Kudo, P. frutescens(L.)Britt., Indiogofera carlesii Carib, Liquidambar orientalis Mill., Malva neglecta Wallr., Blumea laciniata(Roxb.)DC., Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf, Viola acuminata Ledeb., Tetrastigma obtectum(Wall.)Planch., Salvia substolonifera Stib., Pellionia radicans(sieb. et Zucc.)Wedd., Alnus japonica Sieb. et Zucc., Thladiantha dubia Bge., Syzygium buxifolium Hook. et Arn., Phaseolus calcaratus Roxb., Phaseolus angularis Wight, Halloysite, Geranium strictipes R. Kunth, Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Paeonia obovata Maxim., Paeonia veitchii Lynch, Paeonia anomala L., P. mairei Levl., P. obovata Maxim. var. willmottiae(Stapf)Stern, P. hybrida Pall., Pyracantha fortuneana(Maxim.)Li, Saccharum sinensis Roxb., Poria cocos(Schw.)Wolf, Polygonum runcinatum Buch.-Ham., Polygonum runcinatum Buch.-Ham. var. sinense Hemsl., Vespa simillima Smith., Dinodon rufozonatum(Cantor), Elatostema umbellatum Bl. Var. majus Maxim., Calystegia soldanella R. Br., Prunus armeniaca L., P. armeniaca L. var. ansu Maxim., Prunus sibirica L., P. mandshurica Koehne, Pimpinella candolleana Wight et Arn., Pimpinella anisum, Prunus salicina Lindl., Maesa indica Wall., Polygonum amphibium L., Crepis elongata babc., Rhodiola yunnanensis(Franch.)Fu, Delphinium anthriscifolium Hance, Sedum verticillatum L., Pedicularis rex C. B. Clarke ex Maxim., Euonymus fortunei(Turcz.)Hand.-Mazz., Hibiscus rosa?sinensis L., Amelanchier sinica(Schneid.)Chun, Amelanchier asiatica Engl., Cyperus michelianus(L.)Link, Corydalis suaveolens Hance, Heterocodon brevipes(Hemsl.)Hand.-Mazz. et Nannf., Jasminum amplexicaule Buch.-Ham., Oxalis stricta L., Primula vittata Bur. et Franch., P. sikkimensis Hook., Forsythia suspense(Thunb.)Vahl, Forsythia koreana, F. intermedia, Cercidiphyllum japonicum Sieb. et Zucc. var. sinense Rehd. et Wils., P1114, Wedelia prostrata(Hook. et Arn.)Hemsl., W. prostrata(Hook. et Arn.)Hemsl. var. robusta Mak., Salomonia cantoniensis Lour., Kadsura oblongifolia Merr., Spiraea japonica L. f. var. acuminata Franch., Evodia rutaecarpa(Juss.)Benth., Evodia rutaecarpa(Juss.)Benth. var. officinalis(Dode)Huang, E. rutaecarpa(Juss.)Benth. var. bodinieri(Dode)Huang, Evodia xanthoxyloides F. Muell., E. xanthoxyloides, Baeckea frutescens L, Ilex asprella(Hook. et Arn.)Champ. ex Benth., Apium graveolens L. var. dulce DC., Salix matsudana Koidz., Tropaeolum majus L., Zephyranthes grandiflora Lindl., Ostrea rivularis Gould, Ostrea gigas Thunb., Ostrea talienwhanensis Crosse, Artemisia japonica Thunb., A. japonica Thunb. f. resedifolia Takeda, Paeonia suffruticosa Andr., Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. var. spontanea Rehd., P. papaveracea Andr., P. lutea Franch., P. delavayi Franch., P. potanini Kom., P. szechuanica Fang, P. thalictrumifolia C. Ho et S. Y. Chen, P. lutea Franch., P. yunnanensis Fang, Paeonia emodi, P. officinalis, Clematis heracleifolia DC., Vitex negundo L. var. cannabifolia(Sieb. et Zucc.)Hand.-Mazz., Ostrea rivularis Gould, Artemisia japonica Thunb., Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, Laportea sinensis C. H. Wright, Canis familiaris L., P1134, Dicranostigma leptopodum(Maxim.)Fedde, Bredia amoena Diels, Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., Cynanchum bungei Decne., C. auriculatum Royle ex Wight, Lycopodium obscurum L., L. cernnum L., Tixospora sinensis(Lour.)Merr., Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl., Polygonum coriaceum Samuels., Lycianthes lysimachioides(Wall.)Bitt., Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis(Noot.)Swingle, Sedum lineare Thunb., Briggsia chingii(Merr.)Chun, Sedum multicaule Wall., Aquilaria agallocha Roxb., A. sinensis(Lour.)Gilg, Kalanchoe laciniata(L.)DC., Gleditsia sinensis Lam., Salix wallichiana Anderss., Gleditsia horrida Mak., Mimosa pudica L., Oryza sativa L., Setaria italica(L.)Beauv., Circaea quadrisulcata(Maxim.)Franch. et Sav., Eriocaulon buergerianum Koern., Eriocaulon sieboldtianum Sieb. et Zucc. ex Stend., E. nudicuspe Maxim., E. sexangulare L., E. australe R. Br., Kadsura coccinea(Lem.)A. C. Smith, Zephyranthes candida Herb., Triplostegia glandulifera Wall., Ligularia laesicotal Kitam., L. tsangchanensis(Franch.)Hand.-Mazz., Coelogyne occultata Hook. f., Incarvillea sinensis Lam., Incarvillea younghusbandii Sprague, Hypecoum erectum L., Chinemys reevesii(Gray), Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz., Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl., Magnolia liliflora Desr., Magnolia denudata Desr., Magnolia fargesii Cheng, M. campbellii Hook. f. et Thoms., Rubus sachalinensis Levl., Viola dissecta Ledeb., Machilus yunnanensis Lec. var. duclouxii Lec., Rhamnus globosus Bge., Saruma henryi Oliv., Abies delavayi Franch., Viburnum foetidum Wall., Viola serpens Wall., Pugionium cornutum(L.)Gaertn., Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Salix cheilophila Schneid., A㎜opiptanthus mongolicus(Maxim.)Cheng f., Astragalus complanatus R. Br., Astragalus chinensis L., Astragalus adsurgens Pall., Calligonum mongolicum Turcz., Ferula borealis Kuan, Oxytropis psa㎜ocharis Hance, Acronychia pedunculata(L.)Miq., Artemisia halodendron Turcz., Echinops gmelinii Turcz., Oldenlandia capitellata(Wall.)O. Ktze., Ferula borealis Kuan, Inula salsoloides(Trucz.)Ostenf., Co㎜iphora myrrha Engl., Balsamodendron ehrenbergianum Berg., Quercus infectoria Olivier, Cynips gallae-tinctoriae Olivier, Aquilaria agallocha Roxb., Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Gilg, P1172, Notopterygium incisum Ting, Notopterygium forbesii Boiss., Notopterygium franchetii Boiss., Batrachuperus pinchonii(David), Terminalia chebula Retz., Terminalia chebula Retz. var. gangetica Roxb., Limonium gmelinii(Willd.)O. Ktze., Psoralea corylifolia L., Nothopanax delavayi(Franch.)Harms, Channa asiaticus(L.), Ganoderma japonicum(Fr.)Lloyd, Ganoderma lucidum(Leyss. ex Fr.)Karst., Meliosma cuneifolia Franch., Viverra zibetha L., Viverricula indica Desmarest, Swainsonia salsula Taub., Pithecellobium lucidum Benth., Pithecellobium saman, Pithecellobine, Diospyros lotus L., Sambucus javanica Reinw., Equus asinus L., Ferula assafoetida L., Ferula caspica Marsh.-Bieb., Ferula conocaula Eug., Fomes officinalis(Vill. et Fr.)Ames, Alyxia sinensis Champ. ex Benth., Trachyspermum a㎜i(L.)Sprague, Heteropappus altaicus(Willd.)Novopokr., P1189, P1190, Lagenaria siceraria(Molina)Standl. var. depressa Ser., L. siceraria(Molina)Standl. var. gourda Ser., Aconitum carmichaeli Debx., Trigonotis peduncularis(Trev.)Benth., Millingtonia hortensis L. f., Lonicera japonica Thunb., Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson, Collybia albuminosa(Berk.)Petch, Rhodotypos scandens(Thunb.)Mak., Jurinea mongolica Maxim., Randia sinensis(Lour.)Roem. et Schult., Calathodes oxycarpa Sprague, Viburnum setigerum Hance, Incarvillea delavayi Bur. et Franch., Polygonum amplexicaule D. Don var. sinense Forb. et Hemsl., Prunus simonii Carr., Spatholobus suberectus Dunn, Mucuna birdwoodiana Tutcher, Millettia dielsiana Harms, Millettia nitida Benth., Sargentodoxa cuneata(Oliv.)Rehd. et Wils., Mucuna sempervirens Hemsl., Millettia reticulata Benth., Chrysopogon aciculatus(Retz.)Trin., Elsholtzia blanda(Benth.)Benth., Habenaria delavayi Finet, Habenaria densa Wall., Parnassia wightiana Wall., Viburnum sargentii Koehne, Abrus fruticulosus Wall. ex Wight et Arn., Groton crassifolius Geisel., Dipelta ventricosa Hemsl., Celosia cristata L., Potentilla bifurca L., Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson, Paederia scandens(Lour.)Merr., Dioscorea cirrhosa Lour., Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f., Boehmeria nivea(L.)Gaud., Plumbagella micrantha(Ledeb.)Spach, Ku㎜erowia striata(Thunb.)Schindl., Ku㎜erowia stipulacea(Maxim.)Mak., Oxytropis myriophylla(Pall.)DC., Berberis chingii Cheng, Plumeria rubra L. var. acutifolia(Poir.)Bailey, Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz, Cornus capitata Wall., Desmos cochinchinensis Lour., Stellaria neglecta Weihe, Euphorbia esula L., Viburnum sargentii Koehne, Pogostemon glaber Benth., Paederia scandens(Lour.)Merr., Epipactis papillosa Franch., Gendarussa vulgaris Nees, Psychotria siamica(Craib)Hutch., Equus asinus L., Crepis turczaninowii C. A. Mey., Dendrobium moniliforme(L.)Sw., Rosa rugosa Thunb., Citrus tangerina Hort. et Tanaka, C. erythrosa Tanaka, Citrus sinensis(L.)Osbeck, C. wilsonii Tanaka, C. chachiensis Hort., Mylopharyngodon piceus(Richardson), Aster faberi Franch., Celosia argentea L., Rana nigromaculata Hallowell, Rana plancyi Lataste, Allium sativum L., Artemisia apiacea Hance, Artemisia annua L., Artemisia capillaris Thunb., A. scoparia Waldst. et Kitaib., Artemisia japonica Thunb., Avena nuda L., Clinacanthus nutans(Burm. f.)Lindau, Baphicacanthus cusia(Nees)Brem., Indigofera tinctoria L., Isatis tinctoria L., I. indigotica Fort., Polygonum tinctorium Ait., Nervilia fordii(Hance)Schltr., Aristolochia debilis Sieb. et Zucc., Aristolochia contorta Bge., Aristolochia kaempferi Willd., A. chuii C. Y. Wu, Vladimiria berardioides(Franch.)Ling, Vladimiria forrestii(Diels)Ling, Vladimiria edulis(Franch.)Ling, Sinomenium acutum(Thunb.)Rehd. et Wils., Diploclisia chinensis Merr., Sabia japonica Maxim., Cocculus trilobus(Thunb.)DC., Paederia scandens(Lour.)Merr., Hedera nepalensis K. Koch var. sinensis(Tobl.)Rehd., Swertia vacillans(Hance)Maxim., Swertia pulchella(D. Don)Buch.-Ham., S. nervosa Wall., Lycopodium hamiltonii Spr., Hypoestes purpurea(L.)Soland., Rhaphidophora hongkongensis Schott, Trimeresurus stejnegeri Schmidt, Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid., Quercus variabilis Bl., Quercus semicarpifolia Smith, Prinsepia utilis Royle, Mylopharyngodon piceus(Richardson), Aristolochia calcicola C. Y. Wu, Desmodium caudatun(Thunb.)DC., Lytta caraganae Pallas, Celosia argentea L., Rana nigromaculata Hallowell, R. plancyi Lataste, Artemisia apiacea Hance, A. annua L., Setaria italica(L.)Beauv., Cocculus trilobus(Thunb.)DC., Lysionotus serratus D. Don, Ainsliaea rubrinervis Chang, Tripterospermum japonicum(Sieb. et Zucc.)Maxim., Cordia dichotoma Forst. F., P1244, Desmodium caudatum(Thunb.)DC., Rhus potanini Maxim., Rhus chinensis Mill., P1244, Aster lasiocladus Hayata, Pileostegia viburnoides Hook. f. et Thoms., Saxifraga przewalskii Engl., Gymnema sylvestre(Retz.)Schult., Malus asiatica Nakai, Rhus succedanea L., Lespedeza davurica(Laxm.)Schindl., Cyathula prostrata(L.)Bl., Eriobotrya japonica(Thunb.)Lindl., Xylanche himalaica G. Beck, Isatis tinctoria L., Isatis indigotica Fort., Baphicacanthus cusia(Nees)Brem., Pinus tabulaeformis Carr., Pinus massoniana Lamb., Pinus yunnanensis Franch., Usnea longissima Ach., Usnea diffracta Vain., Phtheiros permum japonicum(Thunb.)Kanitz, Sciurus vulgaris L., Armillaria matsutake Ito et Imai, Picris hieracioides L. subsp. japonica Krylov, Pterocarya stenoptera DC., Dendropanax chevalieri(Vig.)Merr., Liquidambar taiwaniana Hance, Viscum articulatum Burm. f., Broussonetia kazinoki Sieb. et Zucc., Lindera umbellata Thunb., Ribes alpestre Wall. ex Decne., Morina delavayi Franch., Trapa incisa Sieb. et Zucc. var quadricaudata Gluck, Rubus hirsutus Thunb., Rosa roxburghii Tratt. F. normalis Rehd. et Wils., Hemiptelea davidii(Hance)Planch, Alhagi pseudalhagi Desv., Chenopodium aristatum L., Oplopanax elatus Nakai, Acanthopanax trifoliatus(L.)Merr., Solanum khasianum C.B. Clarke, Rosa omeiensis Rolfe, Aralia elata(Miq.)Seem., Bambusa sinospinosa McClure, Salsola ruthenica Iljin, Rosa davurica Pall., Erythrina variegata L. var. orientalis(L.)Merr., Rosa graciliflora Rehd. et Wils., Smilax ferox Wall. ex Kunth, Berberis soulieana Schneid., Mahonia gracilipes(Oliv.)Fedde, Mahonia ganpinensis(Levl.)Fedde, Mahonia fortunei(Lindl.)Fedde, Berberis anhweiensis Ahrendt, Cirsium belingschanicum Petr., Erinaceus europaeus L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Tribulus terrestris L., Smilax nana Wang, Euonymus wilsonii sprague, Caesalpinia crista L., Celastrus flagellaris Rupr., Kalopanax septe㎖obus(Thunb.)Koidz., Morina coulteriana Royle, Eragrostis pilosa(L.)Beauv., Scutellaria orthocalyx Hand.-Mazz., Jasminum sambac(L.)Ait., Lactuca taiwaniana Maxim., Momordica charantia L., Lactuca versicolor(Fisch.)Sch.-Bip., Cirsium chinense Gardn. et Champ., Solanum dulcamara L., Sophoraflavescens Ait., Vallisneria spiralis L., Synedrella nodiflora(L.)Gaertn., Sonchus oleraceus L., Centaurea picris Pall., Physalis pubescens L., Ilex cornuta Lindl., Ilex latifolia Thunb., Ligustrum pedunculare Rehd., L. japonicum Thunb. var. pubescens Koidz., Sophora alopecuroides L., Caesalpinia minax Hance, Corydalis bungeana Turcz., Elephantopus scaber L., Elephantopus tomentosus L., Pleioblastus amarus(Keng)Keng f., Sophora alopecuroides L., Astragalus melilotoides Pall., Picrasma quassioides(D. Don)Benn., Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn., Ligustrum japonicum thunb. var. pubescens Koidz., Ixeris denticulata(Houtt.)Stebb., Lagenaria siceraria(Molina)Standl. var. gourda Ser., Pueraria omeiensis Wang et Tang, Melia azedarach L., Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc., Ixeris sonchifolia(Bge.)Hance, I. sonchifolia(Bge.)Hance var. serotina(Maxim.)Kitag., Millettia pachycarpa Benth., Scorzonera divaricata turcz., Loranthus chinensis DC., Brassica caulorapa Pasq., Marsilea quadrifolia L., Malus pumila Mill., Medicago sativa L., Medicago hispida Gaertn., Medicago hispida Gaertn. Var. denticulata, M. hispida Gaertn. var. denticulata, Clematis glauva Willd., Abutilon theophrasti Medic., Rosa bracteato Wendl., Boehmeria nivea(L.)Gaud., Asarum insigne Diels, Solanum melongena L., P1311, Castanea seguinii Dode, Roegneria serotina Keng, Hierochloe odoranta(L.)Beauv., Castanea henryi(Skan)Rehd. et Wils., Drosera peltata Smith var. lunata(Buch.-Ham.)C. B. Clarke, Monochoria korsakowii Reg. Et Maack, Curcuma aromatica Salisb., Curcuma zedoaria(Berg.)Rosc., Prunus japonica Thunb., Prunus humilis Bge., Prunus japonica Thunb. var. nakaii(Levl.)Rehd., Tulipa gesneriana L., Delphinium monanthum Hand.-Mazz., Pittosporum oligocarpum Hayata, Sida szechuensis Matsuda, Lagerstroemia subcostata Koehne, Drymoglossum piloselloides(L.)Presl, Clematis clarkeana Levl. et Van't., Veratrum taliense Loes. F., Ainsliaea lancifolia Franch., Senecio argunensis Turcz., Veronicastrum sibirica(L.)Pennell, Veronicastrum sibirica(L.)Pennell. var. japonicum, Oxytropis chiliophylla Royle, Actinidia arguta(Sieb. et Zucc.)Planch., Atriplex sibirica L., Thalictrum ramosum Boivin, Arsenopyrite, Iris tectorum Maxim., Milvus korschun lineatus(Gray), Odontites serotina Reich., Eritrichium rupestre(Pall.)Bge., Lindernia ciliata(Colsm.)Pennell, Schizophragma integrifolium Oliv. f. denticulatum(Rehd.)Chun, Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc., Damnacanthus indicus Gaertn. f., Panthera tigris L., Anectochilus taiwanensis Hayata, Chrysosplenium macrophyllum Oliv., Saxifraga stolonifera(L.)Meerb., Sansevieria trifasciata Prain, Sansevieria trifasciata Prain var. laurentii N. E. Br., Uraria crinita Desv, Delphinium tatsienense Franch. aff., Anemone rivularis Buch.-Ham., Corallodiscus cordatulus(Craib)B. L. Burtt, Nephrolepis cordifolia(L.)Presl, Veronica persica Poir., Ainsliaea spicata Vant. var. obovata(Franch.)C. Y. Wu, Pandanus furcatus Roxb., Patrinia villosa Juss., Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch., Sonchus brachyotus DC., Thlaspi arvense L., Changium smyrnioides Wolff, Moghania fluminalis(C. B. Clarke)Li, Rodgersia sambucifolia Hemsl., Rodgersia pinnata Franch., Sedum leucocarpum Franch., Sinocrassula indica(Decne.)Berger, Thunia alba(Lindl.)Reichb f., Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. var. villosum Huang, Oberonia myosurus(Forst.)Lindl., Artemisia brachyloba Franch., Codonopsis purpurea Wall., Melodinus henryi Craib, Dichocarpum dalzielii(Dru㎜. et Hutch.)W. T. Wang et Hsiao, Bergenia purpurascens(Hook. f. et Thoms.)Engl., Bergenia crassifolia(L.)Fritsch, Boea crassifolia Hemsl.Thalictrum ichangense Lecoy. ex Oliv., Rhodobryum giganteum(Hook.)Par., Dracocephalum rupestre Hance, Patrinia rupestris Juss., Ophiorrhiza japonica Bl. var. leiocalyx Hand.-Mazz., Lysionotus carnosa Hemsl., Briggsia fritschii(Levl. et Vant.)Craib, Bergenia purpurascens(Hook. f. et Thoms.)Engl., Corydalis thalictrifolia Franch., Boenninghausenia albiflora(Hook.)Meissn., B. sessilicarpa Levl., Boeninghausenia albiflora Meissn. var. japonica S. Suzuki, Berneuxia thibetica Decne., Vaccinium delavayi Franch., Campanula colorata Wall., Millettia kweichowensis Hu, Impatiens davidii Franch., Epiphyllum oxypetalum Haw., Laminaria japonica Aresch., Ecklonia kurome Okam., Undaria pinnatifida(Harv.)Sur., Aconitum vilmorinianum Kom., Millettia reticulata Benth., Berberis kunmingensis C. Y. Wu, Berberis pruinosa Franch., Ocimum basilicum L., Apocynum venetum L., Momordica grosvenori Swingle, Hemsleya macrosperma C. Y. Wu, Hemsleya amabilis Diels, Hemsleya chinensis Cogn., Thladiantha hookeri C. B. Clarke, Crinum asiaticum L.var. sinicum Bak., Podocarpus macrophyllus(Thunb.)D. Don var. maki(Sieb.)Endl., P. macrophyllus(Thunb.)D. Don, Podocarpus forrestii Craib et W. W. Smith, Bulbophyllum odoratissimum(J. E. Smith)Lindl., Bos grunniens L., Thermopsis lanceolata R. Br., Chlorophytum capense(L.)Ktze., Neillia sinensis Oliv., Veronicastrum axillare(Sieb. et Zucc.)Yamazaki subsp. venosum(Hemsl.)Hong, Veronicastrum axillare(Sieb. et Zucc.)Yamazaki subsp. latifolium(Hemsl.)Hong, Veronicastrum axillare(Sieb. et Zucc.)Yamazaki subsp. stenostachyum(Hemsl.)Hong, Lindera umbellate Thunb., Luisia morsei Rolfe, Waltheria americana L., Lespedeza davidii Franch., Cucubalus baccifer L. var. japonicus Miq., Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f., Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge., Excoecaria acerifolia F. Didr., Potentilla chinensis Ser., Amaranthus spinosus L., Lasia spinosa(L.)Thw., Euonymus oxyphylla Miq., Malus halliana Koehne, Arabis pendula L., Quisqualis indica L., Biota orientalis(L.)Endl., Cupressus torulosa D. Don, Sabina recurva(Buch.-Ham.)Antoine, Eupatorium fortunei Turcz., Eupatorium cannabinum L., Begonia cavalerei Levl., Rhaphidophora decursiva(Roxb.)Schott, Campylotropis trigonoclada(Franch.)Schindl., Boswellia carterii Birdw., Boswellia bhaw-dajiana Birdw., B. neglecta M. Moore, P1381, Anaphalis lactea Maxim., Anaphalis lacteal Maxim. f. rosa Lang, Viola philippica Cav., Carassius auratus(L.), Paraphlomis rugosa(Benth.)Prain var. coronata(Van't.)C. Y. Wu, Native gold, Fortunella margarita(Lour.)Swingle, Fortunella crassifolia Swingle, Fortunella japonica(Thunb.)Swingle, Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun, Stephania sinica Diels, Aconitum taipeicum Hand.-Mazz., Polygala telephioides Willd., Astilbe myriantha Diels, Lysimachia gra㎜ica Hance, Quamoclit pennata(Lam.)Boj., Craibiodendron yunnanense W. W. Smith, Dischidia chinensis Champ. ex Benth., Dischidia australis Tsiang, Alectoria virens Tayl., Melica scabrosa Trin., Hypericum chinense L., Trichosanthes obtusiloba C. Y. Wu, Asarum longepedunculatum O. C. Schmidt, Coleus pumilus Blanco, Smilax scobinicaulis c. H. Wright, Smilax glauco-china Warb., Ampelopsis delavayana(Franch.)Planch., Smilax bockii Warb., Lotus tenuis Kitag., Pteris dactylina Hook., Cinchona succirubra Pav., Cinchona ledgeriana Moens., C. calisaya wedd., C. officinalis L., Triumfetta pilosa Roth, Kyllinga triceps Rottb., Bungarus fasciatus(Schneider), Tinospora capillipes gagn., Tinospora imbricata S. Y. Hu, Potentilla reptans L. var. sericophylla Franch., Inula britannica L. var. chinensis(Rupr.)Reg., I. linariaefolia Turcz., I. britannica L., Cladonia fallax Abbayes, Percocypris grahami(Regan), Antenoron filiforme(Thunb.)Roberty et Vautier, Antenoron neofiliforme(Nakai)Hara, Carpesium divaricatum Sieb. et Zucc., Phymatopsis griffithiana(Hook.)J. Sm., Calendula arvensis L., Calendula officinalis L., Trollius chinensis Bge., Trollius asiaticus L., Glechoma longituba(Nakai)Kupr., Lysimachia christinae Hance, Psa㎜osilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu, Clematis huchouensis Tamura, Caragana sinica(Buc'hoz)Rehd., L. dasystyla Rehd., L. similis Hemsl., L. fuchsioides Hemsl., L. henryi Hemsl., L. lanceolata Wall., Hyla chinensis Gunther, Hyla regilla, Wikstroemia nutans Champ., Vermiculite, Rosa laevigata Michx., Rosa bella Rehd. et Wils., R. odorata Sweet var. gigantea Rehd. et Wils., R. macrophylla Lindl., Ainsliaea fragrans Champ., Clematis loureiriana DC. var. subpeltata(Wall.)Hand.-Mazz., Euonymus yunnanensis Franch., Parameria laevigata(Juss.)Moldenke, Pittosporum glabratum Lindl. var. neriifolium Rehd. et Wils., Smilax glauco-china Warb., Amphicome arguta(Royle)Lindl., Bidens pilosa L., Bidens biternata(Lour.)Merr. et Sherff, Limonium aureum(L.)Hill, Paliurus hemsleyanus Rehd., Lonicera japonica Thunb., Agave americana L. var. marginata Hort., Agave americana L., Agave schottii, Rhododendron przewalskii Maxim., Chrysosplenium grayanum Maxim., Macrothelypteris oligophlebia(Bak.)Ching, Macrothelypteris oligophlebia(Bak.)Ching var. elegans(Koidz.)Ching, Phegopteris decursive-pinnata Fee, Vulpes vulpes L., Uraria lagopodioides(L.)Desv., Canis familiaris L., Cibotium baromets(L.)J. Sm., Woodwardia japonica(L. f.)Sm., Huolirion montana(Da㎜er)Wang et Tang, Stizolobium cochinchinensis(Lour.)Tang et Wang, Machilus bracteata Lecomte, Senecio integrifolius(L.)Clairvill var. fauriei(Levl. et Vant.)Kitam., Dicliptera chinensis(L.)Nees, Desmodium heterocarpum(L.)DC., Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv., Setaria glauca(L.)Beauv., Calystegia japonica Choisy, Sericocalyx chinensis(Nees)Brem., Cynoglossum amabile Stapf et Dru㎜., Phyllanthus cochinchinensis Spr., Disporum calcaratum D. Don., Craibiodendron stellatum(Pier.)W. W. Smith, Vaccinium laetum Diels, P1429, Parnassia delavayi Franch., Crawfurdia fasciculate Wall., Crawfurdia chinensis Migo, Gymnocladus chinensis Baill., Senecio oldhamianus Maxim., Lepus tolai Pallas, Lepus mandschuricus Radde, Lepus oiostolus Hodgson, Lepus sinensis Gray, Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus(Gmelin), Ainsliaea glabra Hemsl., Syneilesis aconitifolia Maxim., Tanacetum sibiricum L., Pecteilis susannae(L.)Raf., Alcedo atthis bengalensis Gmelin, Chara fragilis Desv, Derris trifoliata Lour., Ichthyoxenus tchangi Yu, Mentha rotundifolia(L.)Huds., Swertia davidi Franch., Dichrocephala benthamii C. B. Clarke, Dichrocephala chrysanthemifolia(Bl.)DC., Houttuynia cordata Thunb., Lepidogra㎜itis drymoglossoides(Bak.)Ching, Cyrtomium fortunei J. Sm., Ajuga lupulina Maxim., Magnolia coco(Lour.)DC., Lespedeza cuneata(Dum. Cours.)G. Don, Hypserpa nitida Miers, Selaginella involvens(Sw.)Spring, P1447, Rhododendron molle(Bl.)G. Don, Rhododendron hunnewellianum, R. japonicum Suringer, Alstonia mairei Levl., Smithsonite, Fugu ocellatus(Osbeck), Fugu vermicularis(Te㎜inck & schlegel), Fugu obscurus(Abe), Pseudogyrinocheilus procheilus(Sauvage et Dabry), Leptochloa chinensis(L.)Nees, Aleurites fordii Hemsl., Aleurites montana, P1455, Symplocos laurina(Retz.)Wall., Oxytropis oxyphylla DC., Leycesteria taiwanensis Wall. var. glandulosissima Airy-Shaw, Physochlaina physaloides(L.)G. Don, Catalpa fargesii Bur., Misgurnus anguillicaudatus(Cantor), Hemistepta carthamoides(Buch.-Ham.)O. Ktze., Misgurnus anguillicaudatus(Cantor), Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall., Lycopus lucidus Turcz., Lycopus lucidus Turcz. var. hirtus Reg., L. lucidus Turcz. var. taiwanensis Hayata, L. parviflorus Maxim., L. maackianus(Maxim.)Mak., L. coreanus Levl., L. europaeus L., Alisma plantago-aquatica L. var. orientale Samuels, Euphorbia helioscopia L., Lysidice rhodostegia Hance, Lysimachia candida Lindl., Ervatamia hainaensis Tsiang, Aster turbinatus S. Moore, Salvia cavaleriei Levl. var. simplicifolia Stib., Lamium amplexicaule L., Angiopteris officinalis Ching, Lindernia anagallis(Burm. f.)Pennell, Trichosanthes himalensis C. B. Clarke, Azurite, Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.)Griseb., Maesa perlarius(Lour.)Merr., Spiraea salicifolia L., Crepis hookeriana C. B. Clarke, Selaginella tamariscina(Beauv.)Spring, Selaginella pulvinata(Hook. et Grev.)Maxim., Corallodiscus kinginus(Craib)B. L. Burtt, Epilobium himalayense Hausskn., Cymbidium ensifolium(L.)Sw., Cymbidium virescens Lindl., C. pumilum Rolfe, P1474, Hemiboea subcapitat c. B. Clarke, Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen, Acronychia pedunculata(L.)Miq., Pulicaria insignis Dru㎜., Cirsium lineare(Thunb.)Sch.-Bip. var. pallidum(Kitam.)Ling, Cirsium lineare Sch.-Bip., Coreopsis lanceolata L., Asarum heterotropoides F. Schm. var. mandshuricum(Maxim.)Kitag., Asarum sieboldii Miq., Asarum forbesii Maxim., A. maximum Hemsl., A. geophilum Hemsl., A. caudigerum Hance, A. himalaicum Hook. f. et Thoms., A. caulescens Maxim., A. longiflorum C. Y. Cheng et C. S. Yang, A. insigne Diels, A. longipedunculatum O. C. Schmidt, A. sieboldii var. seoulensis Nakai, A. sieboldii var. cineoliferum, Asarum europaeum, Ceratophyllum demersum L., Allium schoenoprasum L., Euphorbia esula L. var. cyparissoides Boiss., Eucalyptus tereticornis Smith, Murdannia simplex(Vahl)Brenan, Teucrium pernyi Franch., Justicia leptostachya Hemsl., Lespedeza chinensis G. Don, Hypecoum leptocarpum Hook. f. et Thoms., Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai, Lunathyrium acrostichoides(Sw.)Ching, Matteuccia struthiopteris(L.)Todaro, Osmunda japonica Thunb., Blechnum orientale L., Brainia insignis(Hook.)J. Sm., Woodwardia japonica(L. f.)Sm., Dryopteris peninsulae Kitag., Woodwardia unige㎜ata(Mak.)Nakai, Polystichum squarrosum Fee, Dryopteris filixmas(L.)Schott, Cyrtomium fortunei J. Smith, Hypericum perforatum L., Mactra sulcataria Deshayes, Corallium japonicum Kishinouye, Spatholirion longifolium(Gagn.)Dunn, Eretmochelys imbricata(L.), Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl., Pteria margaritifera(L.), Pteria martensii(Dunker), Callicarapa bodinieri Levl., Ardisia maculosa Mez, Phyllanthus urinaria L., Thalictrum trichopus Franch., Sorbaria arborea Schneid., Sorbaria sorbifolia(L.)A. Br., Lysimachia clethroides Duby, Cyanotis arachnoidea C. B. Clarke, Cicuta virosa L., Millettia lasiopetala(Hayata)Merr., Botrychium virginianum(L.)Sw., Rhaphiolepis indica(L.)Lindl., Lespedeza dunnii Schindl., Citrus chachiensis Hort., Citrus suavissima Tanaka, Citrus suhoiensis Tanaka, C. poonensis Tanaka, C. tankan Hayata, Lithocarpus glaber(Thunb.)Nakai, Kopsia officinalis Tsiang et P. T. Li, Cudrania tricuspidata(Carr.)Bur., Abrus precatorius L., Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck, Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck var. wentanyu Hort., C. grandis(L.)Osbeck var. shatinyu Hort., C. grandis(L.)Oseck var. Pinshanyu Hort., C. grandis(L.)Osbeck var. szechipow Hort., C. grandis(L.)Osbeck var. tahungpow Hort., Viscum orientale Willd., Citrus aurantium L., Citrus sinensis(L.)Osbeck, C. medica L..
천연식물, 또는 동물류, 또는 광물류로부터 제조한 한방 제제나 엑기스, 또는 과립제로서는, 특히 이들로 한정되지 않지만, 예를 들면, 이하의 종류를 들 수 있다 ; 쓰무라[회사명]탕(湯), 쓰무라탕(湯) 가천신이(加川辛夷), 을자탕(乙字湯), 안중산(安中散), 십미패독탕(十味敗毒湯), 팔미지황환(八味地黃丸), 대시호탕(大柴胡湯), 소시호탕(小柴胡湯), 시호계지탕(柴胡桂枝湯), 시호계지건강탕(柴胡桂枝乾姜湯), 시호가용골모려탕(柴胡加龍骨牡蠣湯), 반하사심탕(半夏瀉心湯), 황련해독탕(黃連解毒湯), 반하후박탕(半夏厚朴湯), 오령산(五笭散), 계지가출부탕(桂枝加朮附湯), 소청룡탕(小靑龍湯), 방기황기탕(防己黃耆湯), 소반하가복령탕(小半夏加茯笭湯), 소풍산(消風散), 당귀작약산(當歸芍藥散), 가미소요산(加味逍遙散), 계피복령환(桂皮茯笭丸), 계지가용골모려탕(桂枝加龍骨牡蠣湯), 마황탕(麻黃湯), 월비가출탕(越婢加朮湯), 맥문동탕(麥門冬湯), 진무탕(眞武湯), 오수유탕(吳茱萸湯), 인삼탕(人蔘湯), 대황목단피탕(大黃牧丹皮湯), 백호가인삼탕(白虎加人蔘湯), 사역산(四逆散), 목방기탕(木防己湯), 반하백출천마탕(半夏白朮天麻湯), 당귀사역가오수유생강탕(當歸四逆加吳茱萸生姜湯), 령계출감탕(笭桂朮甘湯), 저령탕(猪笭湯), 보중익기탕(補中益氣湯), 륙군자탕(六君子湯), 계지탕(桂枝湯), 칠물강하탕(七物降下湯), 조등산(釣藤散), 십전대보탕(十全大補湯), 형개련교탕(荊芥連翹湯), 윤장탕(潤腸湯), 의이인탕(薏苡仁湯), 소경활혈탕(疎經活血湯), 억간산(抑肝散), 마행감석탕(麻杏甘石湯), 오림산(五淋散), 온청음(溫淸飮), 청상방풍탕(淸上防風湯), 치두창일방(治頭瘡一方), 계지가작약탕(桂枝加芍藥湯), 도핵승기탕(桃核承氣湯), 방풍통성산(防風通聖散), 오적산(五積散), 자감초탕(炙甘草湯), 귀비탕(歸脾湯), 삼소음(參蘇飮), 여신산(女神散), 작약감초탕(芍藥甘草湯), 복령음(茯笭飮), 향소산(香蘇散), 사물탕(四物湯), 감맥대조탕(甘麥大棗湯), 시함탕(柴陷湯), 조위승기탕 (調胃承氣湯), 사군자탕(四君子湯), 용담사간탕(龍膽瀉肝湯), 당귀교애탕(當歸膠艾湯), 마행감탕(麻杏甘湯), 평위산(平胃散), 시호청간탕(柴胡淸肝湯), 이진탕(二陳湯), 계지인삼탕(桂枝人蔘湯), 억간산가진피반하(抑肝散加陳皮半厦), 대황감초탕(大黃甘草湯), 신비탕(神秘湯), 당귀음자(當歸飮子), 륙미환(六味丸), 이출탕(二朮湯), 치타박일방(治打撲一方), 청폐탕(淸肺湯), 온담탕(溫膽湯), 자음지보탕(滋陰芝寶湯), 자음강화탕(滋陰降火湯), 오호탕(五虎湯), 시박탕(柴朴湯), 대방풍탕(大防風湯), 황기건중탕(黃耆建中湯), 소건중탕(小建中湯), 대건중탕(大建中湯), 승마탕(升麻湯), 당귀탕(當歸湯), 산조인탕(酸棗仁湯), 신이청폐탕(辛夷淸肺湯), 통도산(通導散), 온경탕(溫經湯), 우차신기환(牛車腎氣丸), 인삼양영탕(人蔘養榮湯), 소시호탕가길경석고(小柴胡湯加桔梗石膏), 립효산(立效散), 청심연자음(淸心蓮子飮), 저령탕합사물탕(猪笭湯合四物湯), 삼황사심탕(三黃瀉心湯), 시령탕(柴笭湯), 위령탕(胃笭湯), 복령음합반하후박탕(茯笭飮合半夏厚朴湯), 오령산(五笭散), 령강출감탕(笭姜朮甘湯), 령감강미신하인탕(笭甘姜味辛夏仁湯), 황련탕(黃連湯), 삼물황령탕(三物黃笭湯), 배농산급탕(排膿散及湯), 당귀건중탕(當歸建中湯), 천다조산(川茶調散), 계지복령환가(桂枝茯笭丸加), 마자인환(麻子仁丸), 마황부자세신탕(麻黃附子細辛湯), 계비탕(啓脾湯), 대승기탕(大承氣湯), 계지가대황탕(桂枝加大黃湯), 인진호탕(茵陳蒿湯), 청서익기탕(淸暑益氣湯), 가미귀비탕(加味歸脾湯), 길경탕(桔梗湯), 자운고(紫雲膏), 생약홍삼(生藥紅蔘), 생약수치부자(生藥修治附子), 및, 메탈라이트(metalite), 아스타트(ASTAT; 상표) 크림, 아스타트 액(液), 아스타트 연고(軟膏), 신페이즈[상품명], 토근(吐根) 시럽, 평위산료(平胃散料), 온청음 (溫淸飮), 오령산료(五笭散料), 신이청폐탕(辛夷淸肺湯), 방기황기탕(防己黃耆湯), 시호가용골모려탕(柴胡加龍骨牡蠣湯), 신비탕(神秘湯), 방풍통성산료(防風通聖散料), 황련탕(黃連湯), 시호계지건강탕(柴胡桂枝乾姜湯), 소경활혈탕(疎經活血湯), 시호계지탕(柴胡桂枝湯), 대시호탕(大柴胡湯), 마행감석탕(麻杏甘石湯), 갈근탕(葛根湯), 시호청간탕(柴胡淸肝湯), 조등산료(釣藤散料), 마행감탕(麻杏甘湯), 갈근탕가천신이(葛根湯加川辛夷), 삼황사심탕(三黃瀉心湯), 저령탕(猪笭蕩), 목방기탕(木防己湯), 당귀사역가오수유생강탕(當歸四逆加五茱萸生姜湯), 억간산가진피반하(抑肝散加陳皮半夏), 당귀작약산료(當歸芍藥散料), 육군자탕(六君子湯), 계지가용골모려탕(桂枝加龍骨牡蠣湯), 십미패독탕(十味敗毒湯), 반하후박탕(半夏厚朴湯), 용담사간탕(龍膽瀉肝湯), 온중지통탕(溫中止痛湯), 온청음(溫淸飮), 황련탕(黃連湯), 소풍정통탕(疎風幀痛湯), 억간산가진피반하탕(抑肝散加陳皮半夏湯), 순혈온보탕(順血溫補湯), 용담사간탕(龍膽瀉肝湯), 태양상비탕(太陽爽鼻湯), 사약온혈탕(四藥溫血湯), 해근지통탕(解筋止痛湯), 온중지통정(溫中止痛錠), 계지탕(桂枝湯), 소소양정(小少陽錠), 표습청징정(表濕淸澄錠), 온청음(溫淸飮), 혜려안순정(惠麗安順錠), 소청룡탕(小靑龍湯), 공비성건정(攻肥聖健錠), 황련탕(黃連湯), 오미이수정(五味利水錠), 보중회귀정(保中回歸錠), 청열사화정(淸熱瀉火錠), 황련해독탕(黃連解毒湯), 용화순청정(龍化順淸錠), 쌍구순기정(雙金+勾順氣錠), 강역수기정(降逆水氣錠), 천지통창정(天地通暢錠), 반리회양정(半裏回陽錠), 하초통수정(下焦通水錠), 해표서근정(解表舒筋錠), 산조인탕(酸棗仁湯), 부덕안윤정(婦德安潤錠), 태양상비탕(太陽爽鼻湯), 갈근탕가천신이(葛根 湯加川辛夷), 사약온혈탕(四藥溫血湯), 사물탕(四 物湯), 맥문동탕(麥門冬湯), 명화순심정(明華順心錠), 작약감초탕(芍藥 甘草湯), 리기리심정(理氣利心鋌), 반하후박탕(半夏厚朴湯), 형개련교탕(荊芥連翹湯), 표해여용정(表解麗容錠), 중초건화정(中焦健和錠), 반하사심탕(半夏瀉心湯), 황해환가대황(黃解丸加大黃), 황련해독환(黃連解毒丸), 건강인삼반하환(乾姜人蔘半夏丸), 구혈환(驅血丸), 계지복령환(桂枝茯笭丸), 계령가대황환(桂笭加大黃丸), 삼황환(三黃丸), 대감환(大甘丸), 도핵승기환(桃核承氣丸), 마자인환(麻子仁丸), 이중환(理中丸), 육미환(六味丸), 팔미환(八味丸), 안중산(安中散), 가미소요산(加味逍遙散), 소풍산(消風散), 통도산(通導散), 당귀작약산(當歸芍藥散), 배농산(排膿散), 평위산(平胃散), 인삼양영탕(人蔘養榮湯), 대황감초탕(大黃甘草湯), 가미귀비탕(加味歸脾湯), 당귀작약산(當歸芍藥散), 보중익기탕(補中益氣湯), 팔미지황환(八味地黃丸), 소시호탕(小柴胡湯), 십전대보탕(十全大補湯), 시령탕(柴笭湯), 시호계지탕(柴胡桂枝湯), 오령산(五笭散), 계지복령환(桂枝茯笭丸), 계지가출부탕(桂枝加朮附湯), 가미소요산(加味逍遙散), 갈근탕(葛根湯), 황련해독탕(黃連解毒湯) 등.
서양약으로서는, 일본의 후생성에 있어서 사용 인가되어 있는 모든 약을 들 수 있다.
육모제의
유효 성분의 배합 조성
가공반숙 대두 및 그 추출물, 가공 하수오 및 그 추출물, 가공 대근우피소 및 그 추출물, 용안핵 및 그 추출물은, 각각 육모 작용을 갖는다.
그러나, 본 발명의 육모제에서는, 상기 가공반숙 대두 및/또는 가공반숙 대 두 추출물과, 가공 하수오, 가공 하수오 추출물, 가공 대근우피소, 및 가공 대근우피소 추출물로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 1종을 조합시켜서 사용함에 의해, 상승적인 육모 효과를 얻을 수 있다.
본 발명에서의 가공 하수오, 가공 대근우피소, 용안핵은 모두, 가공반숙 대두에의 첨가량이 소량라도, 육모 작용에 대한 현저한 효과를 발현할 수 있다. 가공반숙 대두와, 가공 하수오, 가공 대근우피소, 용안핵 등을 조합시켜서 사용하는 경우의 배합 비율은 특히 한정되는 것이 아니고, 성분의 조합 방법이나 육모 물질의 양태 등에 응하여 적절히 조정하는 것이 가능하다. 이하의 바람직한 범위는 본 발명의 한 양태이고, 본 발명은 이들의 범위로 한정되는 것은 아니다.
본 발명의 육모제는 통상, 가공반숙 대두 및/또는 가공반숙 대두 추출물과, 가공 하수오, 가공 하수오 추출물, 가공 대근우피소, 또는 가공 대근우피소 추출물로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택되는 적어도 1종을 유효 성분으로서 함유한다.
이 양태의 육모제에 있어서, 가공반숙 대두 a중량부 및 가공반숙 대두 b중량부의 추출물(여기서, a 및 b는 a+b=100의 관계를 충족시키는 0 이상의 수)에 대해, 가공 하수오 c중량부, 가공 하수오 d중량부의 추출물, 가공 대근우피소 e중량부, 및 가공 대근우피소 f중량부의 추출물(여기서, c, d, e 및 f는, 3≤c+d+e+f≤100, 바람직하게는 20≤c+d+e+f≤60, 예를 들면 c+d+e+f=40의 관계를 충족시키는 0 이상의 수)의 비율로 배합되는 것이, 육모 작용에서의 충분한 상승 효과를 얻을 수 있는 등의 점에서 바람직하다.
또한, 보다 바람직한 양태의 본 발명의 육모제는, 상기 성분에 더하여, 또한 용안핵 및/또는 용안핵 추출물을 유효 성분으로서 함유한다.
이 양태의 육모제에 있어서, 가공반숙 대두 a중량부 및 가공반숙 대두 b중량부의 추출물(여기서, a 및 b는 a+b=100의 관계를 충족시키는 0 이상의 수) 및 가공 하수오 c중량부, 가공 하수오 d중량부의 추출물, 가공 대근우피소 e중량부, 및 가공 대근우피소 f중량부의 추출물 (여기서, c, d, e 및 f는, 3≤c+d+e+f≤100, 바람직하게는 20≤c+d+e+f≤60, 예를 들면 c+d+e+f=40의 관계를 충족시키는 0 이상의 수)에 대해,
용안핵 g중량부 및 용안핵 h중량부의 추출물(여기서, g 및 h는, 2≤g+h≤30, 바람직하게는 4≤g+h≤12, 예를 들면 g+h=8의 관계를 충족시키는 0 이상의 수)의 비율로 배합되는 것이, 육모 작용(특히 모발의 윤기의 향상)에 대한 충분한 상승 효과를 얻을 수 있는 등의 점에서 바람직하다.
육모제의
양태
본 발명의 육모제는, 육모에 대한 효과 등의 점에서, 경구 섭취에 의한 내복 형태로 사용하는 것이 알맞다. 예를 들면, 분말상 또는 액상(추출물)의 육모제를, 필요에 응하여 감미료 등의 첨가물을 첨가하여 섭취할 수 있다.
이와 같은 육모제로서는, 예를 들면 경구 제제를 들 수 있다. 경구 제제로서는, 예를 들면, 액제(液劑), 시럽제, 드링크제, 정제, 캡슐제, 산제(散劑), 세립제, 과립제 등을 들 수 있다. 이와 같은 경구 제제로 하는 경우는, 본 발명의 육모 물질과 함께, 결합제, 부형제, 팽화제, 활택제, 감미제, 향미제 등, 종래 공지의 경구 제제에 사용되고 있는 각종 성분을 사용할 수 있다. 여기서, 정제는, 셸락 또는 설탕으로 피복할 수도 있다. 또한, 캡슐제는, 상기한 재료에 또한 유지 등의 액체 담체를 함유시킬 수 있다. 시럽제 및 드링크제에는, 감미제, 방부제, 색소 향미제 등을 함유시켜도 좋다.
또한, 본 발명의 육모제를, 쿠키류 등의 양과자류 ; 전병, 양갱, 도미 모양으로 구운 과자 등의 일본풍 과자류 ; 월병, 교자 등의 중화 과자 혹은 중화 음식 재료류 ; 빵류, 면류, 주먹밥 등의 일상 식품류 ; 그 밖에 각종의 음식 재료, 엿이나 쥬스 등의 음식품에 첨가하여 섭취할 수도 있다. 첨가의 방법은 특히 제한되지 않고, 종래의 음식품 분야에서의 각종의 방법을 이용하여 첨가할 수 있다. 또한, 본 발명의 육모제의 첨가량은, 음식품의 양태에 응하여 적절히 조정할 수 있다.
본 발명의 육모제를 경구로 사용하는 경우, 섭취 회수 및 섭취량은 적절히 바람직한 양을 조정할 수 있고, 특히 제한되는 것이 아니다. 예를 들면, 1일 2회, 이른 아침 공복시와 밤의 취침 전에 복용하는 등, 1일에 1회 내지 수회 경구 섭취하면 좋다. 또한, 육모제의 섭취량은, 예를 들면 가공반숙 대두가 0.08 내지 0.5g/㎏체중/day 섭취되는 정도의 양으로 함에 의해, 육모 효과를 얻을 수 있다. 또한, 일본 후생 노동성이 추천하는 1일당의 대두의 섭취량은, 76g부터 100g이다(일본 후생성 : 「21세기에 있어서의 국민 건강 만들기 운동(건강 일본 21)」,2000). 본 발명의 육모제는, 예를 들면 6 내지 12주간이라는 짧은 기간의 섭취라도, 현저하게 모발을 성장시키는 것이 가능하다.
또한, 본 발명의 육모제는, 외용의 육모제로 하는 것도 가능하다. 외용의 육 모제로서는, 헤어토닉, 샴푸, 린스, 헤어 컨디셔너, 헤어 트리트먼트, 헤어 로션, 헤어 크림, 헤어 오일, 헤어 젤, 연고제, 분말제, 과립제 등, 공지의 여러가지의 양태로 제공할 수 있다.
또한, 이와 같은 외용의 육모제에서는, 본 발명의 유효 성분 외에, 통상 의약품, 의약부외품, 피부 화장료, 종래의 육모제에 배합되는 각종 성분(예를 들면, 보습제, 계면활성제, 유화제, 분체, 색소, 가용화제, 세정제, 자외선 흡수제, 증점제, 약제, 항료, pH 조정제, 수지, 방균제, 방미제, 알코올류, 에스테르류, 탄화수소류, 왁스류, 유지류, 지방산류) 등을 적절히 배합할 수 있다. 또한, 본 발명의 효과를 손상시키지 않는 범위에서, 육모 작용을 갖는 다른 화합물이나 다른 식물 추출물과 병용하여도 좋다.
본 발명에 의한 외용 육모제는, 1일에 1회 내지 수회 환부에 사용하는 것이 바람직하다.
실시예
이하, 실시예에 의거하여 본 발명을 더욱 구체적으로 설명하지만, 본 발명은 이들의 실시예로 한정되는 것이 아니다.
[가공반숙 대두의 조제]
가스 곤로에서 프라이팬을 예열하고 나서, 1킬로그램의 건조한 황대두를 넣고, 중불로 가열을 계속하면서 교반하고, 3분 후에 불을 껐다. 얻어진 「가공반숙 대두」는, 황대두의 생미가 가셔져 있지만, 과도한 가열에 의한 분말화에는 이르고 있지 않았다.
[가공 하수오의 조제]
재료 : 흑대두 1킬로그램. 황주(상품명 「복주노주」, 복주주조창, 중국 복주시) 2.5리터. 생 하수오 10킬로그램(중국 산동성산, 중국 평화현 현립 병원에 의해 조달).
순서 1 : 흑대두 1킬로그램에 물 5리터를 더하여, 약한 불로 3시간을 삶고, 열수 추출액 1리터를 얻었다. 같은 방법으로 2회째의 추출을 행하고, 또한 1.5리터의 열수 추출액을 얻었다.
순서 2 : 순서 1에서 얻어진 열수 추출액 2.5리터와 2.5리터의 황주를 혼합하고, 10킬로그램의 생 하수오에 가하고, 중탕법으로 약 10시간 가열하고, 흑대두의 추출액과 황주를 전부 하수오에 함침시켰다.
순서 3 : 순서 2에서 얻어진 가열한 하수오를 자연 건조법에 의해 건조하였다.
[가공 대근우피소의 조제]
재료 : 흑대두 1킬로그램. 황주(상품명 「복주노주」, 복주주조창, 중국 복주시) 2.5리터. 생 대근우피소 10킬로그램(중국 산동성산, 중국 평화현 현립 병원에 의해 조달).
순서 1 : 흑대두 1킬로그램에 물 5리터를 가하고, 약한 불로 3시간을 삶고, 열수 추출액 1리터 를 얻었다. 같은 방법으로 2회째의 추출을 행하고, 또한 1.5리터의 열수 추출액을 얻었다.
순서 2 : 순서 1에서 얻어진 열수 추출액 2.5리터와 2.5리터의 황주를 혼합하고, 10킬로그램의 생 대근우피소에 가하여, 중탕법으로 약 10시간 가열하고, 흑대두의 추출액과 황주를 전부 대근우피소에 함침시켰다.
순서 3 : 순서 2에서 얻어진 가열한 대근우피소를 자연 건조법에 의해 건조하였다.
[가공 용안핵의 조제]
재료 : 흑대두 1킬로그램. 황주(상품명 「복주노주」, 복주주조창, 중국 복주시) 2.5리터. 생 용안핵 10킬로그램(중국 평화현산, 중국 평화현 현립 병원에 의해 조달).
순서 1 : 흑대두 1킬로그램에 물 5리터를 가하고, 약한 불로 3시간을 삶고, 열수 추출액 1리터를 얻었다. 같은 방법으로 2회째의 추출을 행하고, 또한 1.5리터의 열수 추출액을 얻었다.
순서 2 : 순서 1에서 얻어진 열수 추출액 2.5리터와 2.5리터의 황주를 혼합하고, 10킬로그램의 용안핵에 가하고, 중탕법으로 약 10시간 가열하고, 흑대두의 추출액과 황주를 전부 용안핵에 함침시켰다.
순서 3 : 순서 2에서 얻어진 가열한 용안핵을 자연 건조법에 의해 건조하였다.
(실험 참가자)
본 실험에 참가한 것은, 29세부터 53세까지의 70명의 건강한 대상자(남성 59명, 여성 11명. 평균 연령은 40.1±5.8세)이다. 참가자 전원에 대해, 본 연구에 참 가하는 경우에 있어서의 메리트와 리스크를 설명하고, 승낙을 얻었다. 이들의 참가자는, 모두 탈모나 박모의 고민을 안고 있다.
(군(群) 분류 및 육모 재료)
이들의 참가자를 5인/군, 합계 14군으로 나누었다. 이 14군의 참가자는, 각각, 분쇄 처리에 의해 가루 상태로 한 이하의 육모 재료 또는 조성물을 섭취하였다.
1 생 황대두군(群) : 생 황대두분(粉)(100%)을 경구 섭취하였다.
2 가공반숙 대두군 : 가공반숙 대두분(100%)을 경구 섭취하였다.
3 숙 황대두군 : 2시간 이상 찌고 완전히 숙성시켜진 황대두분(100%)을 경구 섭취하였다.
4 자(煮) 흑대두군 : 자 흑대두분(100%)을 경구 섭취하였다.
5 생 하수오군 : 건조한 미가공 처리의 하수오분(100%)을 경구 섭취하였다.
6 가공 하수오군 : 가공 하수오분(100%)을 경구 섭취하였다.
7 생 대근우피소군 : 건조한 미가공 처리 대근우피소분(100%)을 경구 섭취하였다.
8 가공 대근우피소군 : 가공 대근우피소분(100%)을 경구 섭취하였다.
9 황주군 : 황주를 경구 섭취하였다.
10 용안핵군 : 건조한 미가공 처리 용안핵분(100%)을 경구 섭취하였다.
11 가공 용안핵군 : 건조한 가공 용안핵분(100%)을 경구 섭취하였다.
12 조성물 1군 : 가공반숙 대두분과 가공 하수오분와의 혼합물의 가루를 경 구 섭취하였다(가공반숙 대두 : 가공 하수오 = 2.5 : 1.0(w:w)).
13 조성물 2군 : 가공반숙 대두분과 가공 대근우피소의 혼합물의 가루를 경구 섭취하였다(가공반숙 대두 : 가공 대근우피소 = 2.5 : 1.0(w:w)).
14 조성물 3군 : 가공반숙 대두분과 가공 하수오와 용안핵분의 혼합물의 가루를 경구 섭취하였다(가공반숙 대두 : 가공 하수오 : 용안핵 = 12.5 : 5 : 1(w:w:w)).
(투여량 및 투여 빈도)
생 황대두분, 가공반숙 대두분, 숙 황대두분, 또는 자 흑대두분은, 각각, 야간 취침 전의 1회와, 이른 아침 식전의 1회로, 1일 합계 2회를 복용하였다. 8g/회, 2회/일, 합계 16g/일이였다.
생 하수오, 가공 하수오분, 생 대근우피소분, 가공 대근우피소분, 용안핵분, 또는 가공 용안핵분은, 각각, 야간 취침 전의 1회와, 이른 아침 식전의 1회로, 1일 합계 2회를 복용하였다. 4g/회, 2회/일, 합계 8g/일이였다.
황주는, 200㎖/회, 1회/일. 야간 취침 전의 1회 복용으로 하였다.
조성물 1, 조성물 2, 또는 조성물 3은, 각각, 야간 취침 전의 1회와, 이른 아침 식전의 1회로, 1일 합계 2회를 복용하였다. 12g/회, 2회/일, 합계 24g/일이였다.
(모발의 상태의 평가)
탈모의 또는 박모 면적의 평가 방법으로서는, 공지의 방법을 채용할 수 있다. 즉, 탈모의 면적을 6단계로 나누고, 정상인 경우는 0, 앞이마부와 머리 상부의 머리카락이 전혀 나와 있지 않은 경우는 5로 하였다. 그 중간 상태를 가벼운 쪽부터 1, 2, 3, 4단계로 나누어 평가하였다. 단계의 구분이 곤란한 경우, 그 중간 상태로서 「0.5」를 사용하여의 표현을 가능하게 하였다.
또한, 머리카락을 잡아당긴 때에 느꼈던 통증의 정도도 지표로 하여, 3단계 평가 방법에 의해 평가하였다. 즉, 통증을 그다지 느끼지 않는 경우는 「1」로 하고, 느끼는 경우 「2」, 강하게 느끼는 경우 「3」으로 하였다.
이와 같이 하여 얻은 데이터는, Student's t 검정법을 이용하여 통계 검정을 행하였다. 검정 연산 처리는 Microsoft Excel 2003dm로 행하였다. 위험률은 5%이하에 의해서 유의(有意)로 하였다.
또한, 동의를 얻은 실험 참가자에 대해, 사진 촬영을 행하였다. 촬영은, 같은 카메라(MZ 50형), 같은 조명 조건하에서 행하였다. 실험 참가자의 머리카락의 길이를 일률적으로 20㎜로 컷트하였다(단, 이 조건에 관해서는, 실험 참가자의 고유 생활환경에의 심리적인 배려를 최대한으로 존중하고, 그 결과, 20㎜로 컷트하지 않는 실험 참가자가 있다. 이 경우에는, 평소의 헤어스타일로 촬영 비교를 행하였다).
(평가 시점)
실험을 시작한 날과, 실험 시작 6주간째, 12주간째의 시점에서 데이터를 수집하고, 평가를 행하였지만, 본 원서에서는, 실험 시작하는 날의 데이터와 12주째의 데이터를 사용하여 비교하였다.
(결과)
실험에서의 탈모 면적의 결과는 도 1에 도시하였다. 도 1로부터, 생 황대두, 숙 황대두, 황주, 생 하수오, 또는 생 대근우피소를 각각 단품(單品) 섭취한 경우는, 탈모 면적의 개선이 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서, 이들의 육모 재료는, 단독으로 사용하는 경우, 육모 효과가 없는 것이 본 실시예에서는 나타났다.
또한, 가공반숙 대두, 자(煮) 흑대두, 가공 하수오, 가공 대근우피소, 용안핵, 또는 가공 용안핵을 각각 단품 섭취한 경우는, 탈모 면적에 있어서의 육안적 판단으로는 조금의 개선이 보여졌지만, 그러나, 이들의 변화는 통계학적으로 유의하게 인정되지 않았다(각각, p>0.05, 도 1). 따라서, 이들의 육모 재료는, 단독으로 사용하는 경우, 현저한 육모 효과(발모)가 반드시는 인정된다고는 할 수 없지만, 육모 효과를 갖을 가능성이 있는 것이 본 실시예에서는 나타났다.
그리고, 조성물 1, 조성물 2, 또는 조성물 3을 각각 섭취한 경우는, 탈모 면적에 있어서의 현저한 개선이 보여지고, 단독 사용에서는 관찰되지 않았던 정도의 효과가 발현하였다. 게다가, 각 성분의 효과를 가산하고 예상되는 것보다도 우수한, 상승적인 육모 효과가 발휘되었다. 이들의 변화는, 통계학적으로 어느것이나 유의하게 인정되어 있다(각각, p<0.05, 도 1).
도 2는, 조성물 1을 섭취한 실험 참가자의 사진 데이터이다. 조성물 1은 현저한 육모 효과(발모)를 갖고 있는 것이 입증되었다.
도 3은, 조성물 2를 섭취한 실험 참가자의 사진 데이터이다. 조성물 2는 현저한 육모 효과(발모)를 갖고 있는 것이 입증되었다.
도 4는, 조성물 3을 섭취한 실험 참가자의 사진 데이터이다. 이 실험 참가자 는, 박모와 백발의 개선을 목적으로 응모하여 왔다. 조성물 3을 섭취한 12주간째의 결과에서는, 박모의 개선이 보여지고, 게다가 백발의 반수 이상이 검게 되었다. 이 효과는, 조성물 1 또는 2의 성분에 또한 용안핵을 배합한 것에 근거하는 것이다. 또한, Area 1과 Area 2는, 약 25년전에 이미 탈모하고 있었다. 이 2개소에서도 발모를 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서, 조성물 3은 현저한 육모 효과를 갖고 있는 것이 입증되었다.
이상과 같이, 본 발명에 의한 조성물은, 극히 높은 육모 효과가 있는 것이 판명되어졌다.
도 5는, 모근부의 통증의 변화를 도시하였다. 육모 재료를 단품으로 섭취하는 경우, 머리카락을 손으로 잡아당겨도, 모근부에는 통증을 그다지 느끼지 않았다. 이에 대해, 조성물 1, 조성물 2 또는 조성물 3을 섭취한 경우, 각각, 손으로 머리카락을 잡아당기면, 모근부에 통증이 느끼게 되었다.
탈모에는, 모근의 위축 현상을 수반하고 있는 것은 주지이다. 지금까지의 육모제는, 주로 혈액 순환을 촉진하거나, 영양을 보급하거나 하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있지만, 상술한 바와 같은 통증에 관해서는 보고되어 있지 않다. 본 발명자는, 탈모증을 갖는 사람의 머리카락을 잡아당긴 때, 모근의 통증을 그다지 느껴지지 않는 것을 발견하고, 육모에 있어서의 하나의 지표가 될 수 있다고 생각하였다. 본 발명의 육모제를 복용함에 의해 모근부에 통증을 느끼게 된 것은, 본 발명의 육모제가 모근 및 모발을 건강화 하고 있고, 또는 모근부의 신경의 기능이 개선된 효과에 의한 것이라고 생각된다.
그 밖에, 데이터로서 제시하지 않는 것이지만, 연구 현장에서는, 육모 효과를 발현한 전원은, 모발의 광택의 현저한 개선이 관찰되었다.
또한, 본 실시예는, 12주째의 시점에서의 결과를 이용하였지만, 실험을 계속함으로써, 더한층의 육모 효과가 발현한다고 생각하고 있다.
또한, 본 발명에 의한 조성물을 복용하고 있는 기간중, 부작용이 전혀 관찰되지 않았다. 생각하여 보면, 대두(황대두와 흑대두)는, 낫토와 두부를 위시하여, 일본의 식문화에 있어서 긴 식용 역사가 있고, 그 안전성이 충분히 증명되어 있다. 황주도 중국에서는 3000년 이상, 일본에서는 200년 이상의 음용(飮用) 역사가 있고, 적량의 음용은 건강에 좋은 영향을 주는 것도 상당히 증명되어 있다. 하수오와 대근우피소는, 중국에서는 「보익약(補益藥)」(몸에 잘맞는 강장약의 일본한약에서 전문 용어)로서, 1000년 이상의 식용 역사가 있고, 부작용은 관찰되지 않았다. 근래, 하수오의 혈청 콜레스테롤 강하 작용이 발견되고, 성인병의 치료 및 예방의 목적으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 일본의 후생성도 숙 하수오의 약용 가치를 인정하고, 「일본약국방」에 수록하고, 일본에서의 한방약으로서의 사용을 인가하고 있다. 여기서는, 데이터를 나타내지 않지만, 조성물을 섭취하고 있는 일부의 실험 참가자에 대해, 혈액 일반항목과 간 기능과 신(腎) 기능의 검사를 행하였다. 그 결과, 복용 전후에서는, 부작용과 같은 데이터가 전혀 관찰되지 않았다. 일부의 실험 참가자의 데이터는, 복용 전보다, 보다 정상적이고, 보다 깨끗하게 되었다. 따라서, 본 발명에 의한 조성물은 안전성인 것이 판명되었다.
이상의 결과에 의해, 조성물 1, 조성물 2, 또는 조성물 3은, 단기간에 현저 한 육모 작용을 갖고 있는 것이 분명해졌다. 또한, 어느 조성물도 안전한 것이 판명되었다.
또한, 현저한 육모 작용을 갖으면서, 맛있은 식품의 형태로 가공할 수 있는 것이여서, 본 발명에 의한 조성물은, 종래의 육모제에 없는 가치를 갖는다고 수 있다.
본 발명에서의 육모제는, 그대로의 양태로 복용하는 약제로 하여도 좋고, 음식품에 첨가시키도록 가공하여 사용할 수도 있다. 또한, 실온하에서 중장기(반년 내지 2년) 보존할 수도 있다. 그 원재료도 유통 시장으로부터 조달할 수 있다. 따라서, 산업상의 이용 가능하다.
Claims (5)
- 가공반숙 대두 및/또는 가공반숙 대두 추출물과,가공 하수오, 가공 하수오 추출물, 가공 대근우피소, 또는 가공 대근우피소 추출물로 이루어지는 군으로부터 선택된 적어도 1종을 유효 성분으로서 함유하고,상기 가공반숙 대두는, 대두의 생미(生味)를 지워 없애고, 과도한 가열에 의한 분말화에는 이르지 않은 범위에서 가열 처리하여 얻어지는 것이고, 상기 가공 하수오 또한 가공 대근우피소는, 흑대두의 추출물과 주류를, 생 하수오 또는 생 대근우피소에 함침시켜서 얻어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 육모제.
- 제 1항에 있어서,가공반숙 대두 a중량부 및 가공반숙 대두 b중량부의 추출물(여기서, a 및 b는 a+b=100의 관계를 충족시키는 0 이상의 수)에 대해,가공 하수오 c중량부, 가공 하수오 d중량부의 추출물, 가공 대근우피소 e중량부, 및 가공 대근우피소 f중량부의 추출물(여기서, c, d, e 및 f는, 3≤c+d+e+f≤100의 관계를 충족시키는 0 이상의 수)의 비율로 배합되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 육모제.
- 제 1항에 있어서,또한 용안핵 및/또는 용안핵 추출물을 유효 성분으로서 함유하는 것을 특징 으로 하는 육모제.
- 제 3항에 있어서,가공반숙 대두 a중량부 및 가공반숙 대두 b중량부의 추출물(여기서, a 및 b는 a+b=100의 관계를 충족시키는 0 이상의 수) 및 가공 하수오 c중량부, 가공 하수오 d중량부의 추출물, 가공 대근우피소 e중량부, 및 가공 대근우피소 f중량부의 추출물(여기서, c, d, e 및 f는, 3≤c+d+e+f≤100의 관계를 충족시키는 0 이상의 수)에 대해,용안핵 g중량부 및 용안핵 h중량부의 추출물(여기서, g 및 h는, 2≤g+h≤30의 관계를 충족시키는 0 이상의 수)의 비율로 배합되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 육모제.
- 제 1항 내지 제 4항중 어느 한 항에 있어서,경구 제제형인 것을 특징으로 하는 육모제.
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2006
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- 2006-06-30 US US12/063,611 patent/US20090104295A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-06-30 WO PCT/JP2006/313146 patent/WO2007020755A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2006-06-30 KR KR1020087002330A patent/KR20080032127A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP3830960B1 (ja) | 2006-10-11 |
EP1915997A4 (en) | 2009-07-29 |
JP2007070336A (ja) | 2007-03-22 |
US20090104295A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
EP1915997A1 (en) | 2008-04-30 |
WO2007020755A1 (ja) | 2007-02-22 |
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