KR102238283B1 - Vegetation Mat and Ecological Restoration using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a vegetation mat for forming a vegetation base for damaged areas of rivers and forests, which can be applied by dividing the structure and vegetation mix of the vegetation mat according to the characteristics of each site to be restored, so that it is possible to implement ecological restoration for early cover and long-term use according to the purpose and goal of the restoration project by using various plants.

Description

Vegetation Mat and Ecological Restoration using the same}

The present invention relates to a vegetation mat for forming a vegetation base of a damaged area of a river and a forest, and in detail, a vegetation mat and a construction method to prevent and stabilize the erosion of the damaged area of a forest, a bank of a river, or a high water site. It is about.

In the industrial society, if the damaged areas such as artificially damaged areas such as road construction and golf course construction due to high growth and natural disasters such as heavy rain, and damaged areas such as rivers, erosion areas, and reservoirs are left as they are, soil and sand due to erosion There is a risk of loss and collapse, and various greening methods are being developed to prevent and improve this.

In addition, as interest in environmental issues increases, various attempts to regenerate and restore artificially or ecologically damaged environments are being made.

As part of this greening method, various vegetation mats to be applied to damaged areas are being introduced, but in general, when mats for vegetation are installed in damaged areas such as rivers and forests, the ground is very barren and nutrients are very scarce, making it difficult to grow plants. In addition, there is a disadvantage in that the vegetation mat itself has a low germination rate of seeds, which makes it difficult to effectively grow plants, so that the desired results cannot be achieved.

In addition, the conventional vegetation mat is mainly foreign species, considering only the landscape aspect of a single species and plant combination, and thus, it is a problem in terms of the quality and stability of the vegetation mat, such as loss of the ground and the ground due to the weakening of the plant root layer.

In addition, conventional vegetation mats for greening are mainly applied to riversides, and are aimed at early greening by lawns, and have a difficult problem in creating an ecological forest due to the permanence of applied plants or vegetation transition.

Korean Registered Patent Publication No. 10-2089980 Korean Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1789675

The present invention was conceived to solve the above-described problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide an ecological restoration method using vegetation mats that can prevent and stabilize the erosion of the restoration target areas such as rivers and forests. The vegetation mat structure and vegetation combination can be classified and applied according to the characteristics of each target site, and a vegetation mat capable of implementing early cover and long-term ecological restoration according to the purpose and purpose of the restoration project using various plants is applied. It is to provide a method of ecological restoration.

As a means for solving the above-described problems, in the embodiment of the present invention, the target area to be applied as a restoration project is classified into any one of a river type (ERS), a road type (ERR), and a mountain type (ERF), and the restoration target And the first step of determining the target timing for vegetation completion and the vegetation mixing ratio; After the first step, a second step of determining the design configuration of the vegetation mat as either a seed-attached type or a finished type in consideration of the field conditions of the target area; A third step of manufacturing by stacking vegetation mats meeting the determination conditions according to steps 1 and 2 in a multi-layered structure; A fourth step of burying a root-based induction type vegetation block formed of an organic material in the lower part of the application site, and arranging a vegetation mat on the upper soil surface of the target site in which the vegetation block is buried; including, a vegetation mat for ecological restoration. Make it possible to provide the used construction method.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide an ecological restoration method using a vegetation mat that can prevent and stabilize the erosion of a restoration target site such as a damaged area of a river or forest, and the structure and vegetation of the vegetation mat according to the characteristics of each restoration target site. By making it possible to separate and apply the combination, there is an effect of realizing early cover and long-term ecological restoration according to the purpose and goal of the restoration project by using a variety of plants.

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, in the formulation of plants constituting the vegetation mat, the ground adhesion and stability due to the strengthening of the root growth of the plant are strengthened by applying the strengthening of the root layer and rooting promotion treatment, and the organic vegetation block. In addition, there is an effect that can maximize the quality of ecological restoration.

Furthermore, the vegetation mat in the embodiment of the present invention has the effect of improving field applicability by allowing the thickness, material, and structure to be provided with the optimum conditions suitable for the field environment of the target site.

In addition, the vegetation mat according to the present invention is applied by separating the structure and vegetation combination of the vegetation mat according to the characteristics of the restoration target site according to the application target area such as the damaged area of rivers and forests, thereby ensuring the permanence of the applied plants, and The effect of creating an ecological forest can be maximized. In addition, the vegetation mat according to the present invention is applied by separating the structure and vegetation combination of the vegetation mat according to the characteristics of the restoration target site according to the application target site such as the damaged area of rivers and forests, thereby ensuring the permanence of the applied plants, and The effect of creating an ecological forest can be maximized.

1 is a process diagram showing a construction method using a vegetation mat for ecological restoration according to the present invention.
Figure 2 shows an example of the layered structure of the vegetation mat according to the present invention.
3 is an image illustrating the stacked structure of the vegetation mat according to the present invention.
4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a construction method according to the present invention.
5 shows an experimental example of the implementation of the vegetation mat according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Advantages and features of the present invention, and a method of achieving them will become apparent with reference to the embodiments described below in detail together with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be embodied in other forms. Rather, the embodiments introduced herein are provided so that the disclosed content may be thorough and complete, and the spirit of the present invention may be sufficiently conveyed to those skilled in the art.

The terms used in the present application are only used to describe specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In the present application, terms such as "comprise" or "have" are intended to designate the presence of features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification, but one or more other features. It is to be understood that the presence or addition of elements or numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof, does not preclude in advance the possibility of the presence or addition.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. Terms such as those defined in a commonly used dictionary should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the meaning of the related technology, and should not be interpreted as an ideal or excessively formal meaning unless explicitly defined in the present application. Does not.

1 is a flow chart illustrating a construction method (hereinafter referred to as'the present invention') using a vegetation mat for ecological restoration according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, the present invention divides the target area of the restoration project into one of a river type (ERS), a road type (ERR), and a mountain type (ERF), and the restoration target, the target time for vegetation completion, and the vegetation combination. According to the first step of determining the ratio, and after the first step, the second step of determining the design configuration of the vegetation mat as either a seed-attached type or a finished type, in consideration of the field conditions of the target site. The third step of manufacturing a vegetation mat that meets the determination conditions in a multi-layered structure, a root-based induction type vegetation block formed of organic material is buried under the target site, and the vegetation block is buried on the upper soil surface of the target site. It can be configured including four steps of arranging the vegetation mat.

1. Step 1_Restoration target setting step

Specifically, in the first step of the present invention, the target area to be applied as the target of the restoration project is classified into any one of river type (ERS), road type (ERR), and mountainous area type (ERF), and the restoration goal and vegetation completion target time and vegetation Allows the process of determining the blending ratio to be carried out.

That is, according to the present invention, it is possible to set various plant combination methods according to the purpose and goal of the restoration project, and in this case, the targets to which the vegetation mat can be applied are very diverse, such as the slope of the river, the damaged area of the mountain, and the like. Appropriate vegetation mats should be applied according to the conditions of

For this purpose, the target area can be divided into rivers, roads, and mountain areas, and it is desirable to differentiate the restoration target, vegetation completion target time, and vegetation mixing ratio according to each condition. For example, depending on the purpose and goal of restoration, in the case of rivers, early greening is aimed at the herbaceous type, and the vegetation layer is formed by combining herbs and shrubs on the slopes of roads. In addition, in order to return to the forest in the long term, it is necessary to use a combination of vegetation so that a multi-layered forest can be formed by mixing herbs, shrubs, and trees.

2 and Table 1 are examples of the layered structure of the vegetation mat applied in the first step.In the present invention, the restoration target can be classified into any one of a river type (ERS), a road type (ERR), and a mountain type (ERF). do.

{Table 1: Characteristics and Application Method by Application Area}

For river slopes (ERS), herbaceous species are mainly selected for early greening, and vegetation completion is aimed at within 6 months, and the ratio of the density of trees per unit area of the restoration site is herbaceous: shrubs: trees = 100: 0: 0 Formulated with. In the case of river slopes, there are usually many slopes of gentle slope, and in this case, resistance to withstand erosion by running water is required. It is mainly composed of herbs so that, and the growth height is set in the range of 0.3m to 0.6m, the rate of root system formation of the herb is high, and the growth degree is also good, and it is preferable.

For the slope of the road (ERR), plants and shrubs are mainly selected for mid-term greening, and the density ratio of trees per unit area of the restoration target site is selected for the purpose of completing vegetation within one month. Herbal: Shrub: Arboretum = 50~70: 30-50: Blend as 0. The characteristic of the road slope is mainly a gentle slope or a steep slope, and it is desirable to construct a vegetation mat having characteristics that can prevent damage caused by drying in the road environment. In order to restore the cut slopes of steep slopes while preventing such dry damage, it is desirable to combine vegetation and shrubs, and the ratio of vegetation to prevent dry damage to the cut surface is formed higher than that of shrubs. It is desirable to make it possible. In the present invention, herbaceous: shrub: arbor = 50 to 70: 30 to 50: 0. In addition, the growth height should have a growth height of 0.5 to 2.0 m, and in terms of including shrubs, the efficiency of preventing dry damage after initial growth is further increased.

For mountain slopes (ERF), plants, shrubs, and arboreal trees are mainly selected for long-term greening, and the ratio of the density of trees per unit area of the restoration target area is selected for the purpose of vegetation completion after 2 years or more. Herbal: Shrub: Trees = 10~30: 40~60: 20~40. In the case of mountain slopes, the slopes of gentle or steep slopes appear variously according to the characteristics of the mountain, and vegetation mats that have properties that prevent damage to drying should be considered. In particular, in the case of mountain areas, it is desirable to implement greening including trees other than vegetation and shrubs from the viewpoint of long-term greening.

2. Stage 2 and Stage 3_Design and production stage of vegetation mat

Thereafter, the present invention takes into account the field conditions of the application site, the second step of determining the design configuration of the vegetation mat as either a seed-attached type or a finished type, and a vegetation mat that meets the determination conditions according to the first and second steps. The three steps of manufacturing by laminating in a multilayer structure can be performed.

In particular, in the present invention, the vegetation layer is formed by germination of seeds due to the characteristics of the construction target site, and the vegetation layer is differentially applied so that the vegetation layer can be formed immediately after construction, such as at the time of completion. To this end, the method of attaching seeds and using a thin mat, and the method of directly installing the completed mat by separately planting vegetation on a thick mat containing soil components can be applied differentially.

In other words, the structural design of the match can be performed so that vegetation mats can be applied in various ways according to the site conditions and restoration goals. The seed-attached type is composed of a thin layer, and a core net is attached to the top and bottom of the seed layer, and the finished type includes the vegetation base layer, and the plant is formed after the seed layer is attached and the vegetation base layer is formed. It can be diversified by additional combinations.

{Table 2}

Specifically, the seed-attached type is classified into S1, S2, and S3 types according to the total thickness of the vegetation mat, and the lamination structure of the core net layer, paper pulp layer, seed layer, and paper pulp layer is the basic structure. It allows the base layer or the core layer to be selectively applied. 3 illustrates the layered structure of the mat composition layer of Table 2, of which the plant layer corresponds to a layer to be planted separately.

Referring to Table 2 above, the S1 type is a laminated structure of a core net layer, a paper pulp layer, a seed layer, and a paper pulp layer, and is in a thickness range of 0.5 cm to 1 cm, and the S 2 type is a core net layer, It is a laminated structure of a paper pulp layer, a seed layer, a paper pulp layer, and a core net layer, and the thickness ranges from 1 cm to 2 cm, and the S 3 type is a core net layer, a paper pulp layer, a seed layer, a vegetation base layer, and a paper pulp. It is a laminated structure of a layer and a core net layer, and can be implemented as a laminated structure to have a thickness range of 1cm to 3cm.

The finished type is classified into P1, P2, and P3 types according to the total thickness of the vegetation mat, and has a lamination structure of the first core net layer, vegetation base layer, paper pulp layer, and the second core net layer as the basic structure, and paper pulp. At least one of a layer, a seed layer, a plant layer, and a jutenet layer may be selectively applied to form a composition.

The P1 type is a laminated structure of a core net layer, a paper pulp layer, a seed layer, a vegetation base layer, a paper pulp layer, and a core net layer, and is in a thickness range of 1 cm to 2 cm, and the P2 type is a core net layer, a seed Layer, plant layer, vegetation base layer, paper pulp layer, jute net layer, and core net layer are laminated in a thickness range of 2 cm to 4 cm, and the P3 type is a core net layer, plant layer, vegetation base layer, paper It is a laminated structure of a pulp layer, a jute net layer, and a core net layer, and can be implemented to have a thickness range of 3 cm to 5 cm.

When applying S3 or P1~3 type in a thick format, it is produced by filling the vegetation base layer inside the paper pulp layer and putting seeds or plants. At this time, the form of filling the vegetation base layer can be used in parallel with the form of a cushion-shaped unit seedling according to the type of plant to be applied. If you use a cushion-shaped seedling, the roots of the plant are already spread out and grown, so it has the advantage of controlling the weeds coming up from the lower part and allowing the root layer to grow deep and wide at the initial stage in the application site.

[Example]

5 illustrates an example of applying the vegetation mat according to the embodiment of the present invention to the field in the form of a cushion seedling structure. For the field application of the present invention, vegetation mats S1 type and S3 type were manufactured, and a certain area (5m*5m) was applied to a closed forest restoration site. The S1 type is a state of putting only seeds inside the paper pulp, and the S3 type is produced in a cushion-shaped mat type by mixing the vegetation base layer and seeds together inside the paper pulp layer. The internal material thus formed was attached to the core and applied to a closed site. At the same time, the control was applied to the same area (5m*5m) of the same site where the above vegetation mat was applied, and the seeds included in S1 (the first control group) were sown in the open field, and the seeds in the same area (5m*5m) in S3 (2nd control group) was sown in the open field.

As a result of checking the growth results after 2 months, the rate of weed generation in the target area was reduced by up to 90% or more compared to the open field condition (the first control group and the second control group), and the root system survival efficiency of the seeds was also planted in the same area (the first control group). It increased by more than 80% compared to the control group and the second control group).

In the case of steps 1 to 3 described above, it is a process that can be applied sequentially or simultaneously, and in this case, it can be applied in various combinations depending on the characteristics of the target site and the structure of the mat. ERS-S2~3 is applied when promoting early reforestation by seeds for the guardianan, and ERF-P3 is applied when applying the method of planting only plants in mountainous areas)

Since the vegetation mat of the laminated structure according to the present invention is composed of a combination of various layers, an adhesive is required for bonding between each material, and the paper pulp layer on the seed layer uses a biodegradable adhesive made of potato starch, and the outer skin PVA (polyvinyl acetate) adhesive is applied to the jute net and the core net layer to be bonded.

In addition, in the case of the seed layer in the above-described structure, it corresponds to a layer having seeds, and the reinforced feature compared to the existing mat of the present invention is to quickly induce the root growth of plants to form a stable root layer within the slope. I have to.

In the case of using seeds, maintenance, such as irrigation, is required for a certain period of time until the seeds germinate. However, since proper management may be difficult due to field conditions, it is necessary to provide favorable conditions for seed germination in the mat itself. Therefore, it is necessary to use a material with excellent moisturizing power around the seed layer and to be able to help seed germination and establishment through treatment with a germination accelerator that can help seed germination.

To this end, in the present invention, a treatment method for promoting seed germination is applied, but is characterized in that the seed is not directly treated, but the paper layer is accelerated.

Materials used to promote rooting of seeds are generally Luton or Oxybern, and these materials are generally treated directly on the seeds. However, if the seed is treated in advance, the effect decreases as the period of application to the field increases even if the product is made.

Therefore, it is important not to treat the seeds directly, but to apply them to the field so that the effect comes out when the seeds germinate. To this end, IAA (β-indoleacetic acid, heterooxine) is treated at a level of 1,000 to 3,000 ppm on the paper layer surrounding the seeds, and then coated with an adhesive of potato starch material.

When the coated material gradually melts and disappears after 2-3 days by water in the field, it has a direct effect on the seeds from 2-3 days when the seeds germinate. Therefore, in the case of the present invention, there is an advantage that the vegetation mat can be manufactured and stored in advance.

3. Step 4_Vegetable mat construction step

Thereafter, in the present invention, a'root-derived vegetation block' (hereinafter referred to as a'vegetation block') formed of organic material is buried under the target site, and the vegetation block is buried on the upper soil surface of the target site Allows four steps of placing the vegetation mat to be carried out.

Since the existing vegetation mat is mainly used for herbaceous plants, the root layer of the plant is spread thinly on the surface layer. However, under slope conditions, it is advantageous to prevent erosion when plant roots go down deep into the soil to form a root layer. For this, a method of inducing plant roots to grow downward is needed.

In the present invention, such a vegetation block can be implemented into a three-dimensional structure by compression molding a material including wood chips, coco peat, and coffee meal. The vegetation block serves as a source of organic matter and has the advantage of retaining moisture in the block itself. The size of the vegetation block can be manufactured to have a cube shape having a length ratio of 1:1:1 in width×length×height of the unit vegetation block, and as a preferred example, it can be manufactured in a size of 2cm×2cm×2cm.

4 is a vegetation block 300 is arranged in a structure in which a hole is dug using a reinforcing bar so that it can be located at a depth of about 30 cm below the soil layer of the construction target site 200 where the vegetation mat 100 is placed, and the vegetation block is buried therein. To be able to do it.

After the vegetation block is buried and the ground is cleared, a vegetation mat is installed on the top. When installing the vegetation mat, it is fixed with a rebar pack.

In this case, it is desirable to fill in the quantity of vegetation blocks on the basis of 1-2 pieces/m2. The existence of these vegetation blocks is not a growth form in which the roots of plants spread widely to the surface of the poor soil layer and seeks nutrients, but expands to the bottom by searching for organic matter provided from the vegetation block below, leading to deep growth of the plant roots into the basement. You can do it.

As described above, the technical idea of the present invention has been described in detail in the preferred embodiment, but the preferred embodiment is for the purpose of explanation and not limitation. As such, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various embodiments are possible through a combination of the embodiments of the present invention within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.

100: vegetation mat
200: restoration destination
300: root system induction type vegetation block

Claims (9)

Step 1 of dividing the target area of the restoration project into one of river type (ERS), road type (ERR), and mountain terrain type (ERF), and determining the restoration target, vegetation completion target timing, and vegetation mixing ratio; After the first step, a second step of determining the design configuration of the vegetation mat as either a seed-attached type or a finished type, in consideration of the field conditions of the target area; A third step of manufacturing by stacking vegetation mats meeting the determination conditions according to steps 1 and 2 in a multi-layered structure; Including; a fourth step of burying a root-based induction type vegetation block formed of an organic material in the lower part of the application site, and placing the vegetation mat on the upper soil surface of the target site in which the vegetation block is buried
In the first step, the river type (ERS) sets the restoration target to early greening, and the vegetation mixing ratio is mixed with herbaceous: shrub: arbor = 100: 0: 0, and the road type (ERR) sets the restoration target to mid-term greening. Herbal plants: shrubs: trees = 50~70: 30~50: 0, and the above mountain type (ERF) aims for long-term rehabilitation, and plants: shrubs: trees = 10~30: 40~60 : In the step of blending 20 to 40,
Construction method using vegetation mats for ecological restoration. delete The method according to claim 1,
The seed attachment type of the second step,
The vegetation mat is classified into S1, S2, S3 types,
Including a laminated structure of a core net layer, a paper pulp layer, a seed layer, and a paper pulp layer,
Construction method using vegetation mats for ecological restoration. The method of claim 3,
Of step 2 above
The S1 type is a laminated structure of a core net layer, a paper pulp layer, a seed layer, and a paper pulp layer, and has a thickness in the range of 0.5 cm to 1 cm,
The S2 type is a laminated structure of a core net layer, a paper pulp layer, a seed layer, a paper pulp layer, and a core net layer, and is in a thickness range of 1 cm to 2 cm,
The S3 type is a laminated structure of a core net layer, a paper pulp layer, a seed layer, a vegetation base layer, a paper pulp layer, and a core net layer, and has a thickness range of 1 cm to 3 cm,
Construction method using vegetation mats for ecological restoration. The method of claim 4,
The second step,
The finished type is classified into P1, P2, P3 types according to the total thickness of the vegetation mat,
The basic structure of the laminated structure of the core net layer, vegetation base layer, paper pulp layer, and core net layer
Construction method using vegetation mats for ecological restoration. The method of claim 5,
The P1 type is a laminated structure of a core net layer, a paper pulp layer, a seed layer, a vegetation base layer, a paper pulp layer, and a core net layer, and has a thickness in the range of 1 cm to 2 cm,
The P2 type is a laminated structure of a core net layer, a seed layer, a plant layer, a vegetation base layer, a paper pulp layer, a jute net layer, and a core net layer, and has a thickness in the range of 2 cm to 4 cm,
The P3 type is a laminated structure of a core net layer, a plant layer, a vegetation base layer, a paper pulp layer, a jute net layer, and a core net layer, and has a thickness range of 3 cm to 5 cm,
Construction method using vegetation mats for ecological restoration. The method of claim 6,
Seeds contained in the seed layer,
1000ppm ~ 3000ppm IAA treatment on the paper layer surrounding the seeds,
Applying the treatment of coating the outer shell of the seed with an adhesive of a starch material,
Construction method using vegetation mats for ecological restoration. The method of claim 7,
Step 4 above,
The vegetation block is composed of a three-dimensional structure obtained by compression molding organic materials including wood chips, coco peat, and coffee meal materials,
Reclaimed at a rate ^{of 1 to 2/m 3 at} a depth of 20 to 30 cm below the soil layer of the construction target site,
Construction method using vegetation mats for ecological restoration. Vegetation mat for ecological restoration, applied to the construction method of claim 1.

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