KR102227309B1 - 음극 활물질, 상기 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극, 및 상기 음극을 포함하는 이차 전지 - Google Patents
음극 활물질, 상기 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극, 및 상기 음극을 포함하는 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102227309B1 KR102227309B1 KR1020170068981A KR20170068981A KR102227309B1 KR 102227309 B1 KR102227309 B1 KR 102227309B1 KR 1020170068981 A KR1020170068981 A KR 1020170068981A KR 20170068981 A KR20170068981 A KR 20170068981A KR 102227309 B1 KR102227309 B1 KR 102227309B1
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- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXNKCKFDLBMOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxol-3-one Chemical compound O=C1C=COO1 BXNKCKFDLBMOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZUNGGJHBMLMRFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-O ethoxy-hydroxy-oxophosphanium Chemical compound CCO[P+](O)=O ZUNGGJHBMLMRFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011357 graphitized carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002946 graphitized mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CASZBAVUIZZLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium iron(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[Fe+2].[Li+] CASZBAVUIZZLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2].[Li+] QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VROAXDSNYPAOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)nickel Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Ni]=O VROAXDSNYPAOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
전지 | 0.2C(%) | 1.0C(%) | 2.0C(%) | 3.0C(%) |
실시예 1(SiO + LiF포함 탄소 코팅층) | 84.19 | 69.94 | 36.32 | 6.07 |
실시예 2(Mg도핑 SiO + LiF포함 탄소 코팅층) | 84,59 | 69.96 | 36.63 | 6.12 |
실시예 3(Li도핑 SiO + LiF포함 탄소 코팅층) | 85.15 | 70.05 | 36.99 | 6.23 |
실시예 4(2차입자의 SiO + LiF포함 탄소 코팅층) | 85.80 | 72.05 | 37.85 | 8.04 |
실시예 5(Mg도핑된 2차입자의 SiO + LiF포함 탄소 코팅층) | 85.93 | 72.34 | 37.90 | 8.13 |
실시예 6(Li도핑된 2차입자의 SiO + LiF포함 탄소 코팅층) | 86.00 | 72.57 | 37.92 | 8.14 |
실시예 7(SiO + LiF포함 고분자 코팅층) | 80.01 | 62.34 | 25.36 | 5.82 |
실시예 8(2차입자의 SiO + LiF포함 고분자 코팅층) | 81.02 | 63.73 | 26.78 | 6.89 |
비교예 1(SiO + LiF불포함 탄소 코팅층) | 77.37 | 53.05 | 18.07 | 2.94 |
비교예 2(Mg도핑 SiO + LiF불포함 탄소 코팅층) | 77.71 | 51.67 | 15.99 | 2.83 |
비교예 3(Li도핑 SiO + LiF불포함 탄소 코팅층) | 77.82 | 54.33 | 18.69 | 2.94 |
비교예 4(2차입자의SiO + LiF불포함 탄소 코팅층) | 78.65 | 54.71 | 19.82 | 3.12 |
비교예 5(Mg도핑된 2차입자의SiO + LiF불포함 탄소 코팅층) | 78.66 | 55.01 | 20.41 | 3.25 |
비교예 6(Li도핑된 2차입자의SiO + LiF불포함 탄소 코팅층) | 79.55 | 56.78 | 21.44 | 3.58 |
비교예 7(SiO + LiF불포함 고분자 코팅층) | 64.34 | 38.22 | 13.45 | 2.01 |
비교예 8(2차입자의 SiO + LiF불포함 고분자 코팅층) | 65.07 | 39.08 | 14.81 | 3.06 |
전지 | 0.2C(%) | 1.0C(%) | 3.0C(%) | 5.0C(%) |
실시예 1(SiO + LiF포함 탄소 코팅층) | 100 | 97.52 | 86.77 | 76.37 |
실시예 2(Mg도핑 SiO + LiF포함 탄소 코팅층) | 100 | 97.56 | 86.81 | 76.48 |
실시예 3(Li도핑 SiO + LiF포함 탄소 코팅층) | 100 | 97.60 | 87.14 | 76.83 |
실시예 4(2차입자의 SiO + LiF포함 탄소 코팅층) | 100 | 99.01 | 94.25 | 83.58 |
실시예 5(Mg도핑된 2차입자의 SiO + LiF포함 탄소 코팅층) | 100 | 99.02 | 94.27 | 83.65 |
실시예 6(Li도핑된 2차입자의 SiO + LiF포함 탄소 코팅층) | 100 | 99.01 | 94.31 | 84.00 |
실시예 7(SiO + LiF포함 고분자 코팅층) | 100 | 95.34 | 81.70 | 68.43 |
실시예 8(2차입자의 SiO + LiF포함 고분자 코팅층) | 100 | 96.01 | 82.78 | 69.34 |
비교예 1(SiO + LiF불포함 탄소 코팅층) | 100 | 95.09 | 82.74 | 72.53 |
비교예 2(Mg도핑 SiO + LiF불포함 탄소 코팅층) | 100 | 95.13 | 82.82 | 72.56 |
비교예 3(Li도핑 SiO + LiF불포함 탄소 코팅층) | 100 | 95.20 | 83.00 | 72.57 |
비교예 4(2차입자의SiO + LiF불포함 탄소 코팅층) | 100 | 96.23 | 84.55 | 75.26 |
비교예 5(Mg도핑된 2차입자의SiO + LiF불포함 탄소 코팅층) | 100 | 96.26 | 84.59 | 75.30 |
비교예 6(Li도핑된 2차입자의SiO + LiF불포함 탄소 코팅층) | 100 | 96.35 | 84.62 | 75.32 |
비교예 7(SiO + LiF불포함 고분자 코팅층) | 100 | 85.36 | 71.83 | 59.26 |
비교예 8(2차입자의 SiO + LiF불포함 고분자 코팅층) | 100 | 86.79 | 74.22 | 62.66 |
Claims (17)
- SiOx(0≤x<2)를 포함하는 코어 및 상기 코어 상에 배치되는 코팅층을 포함하는 실리콘계 활물질 입자를 포함하며,
상기 코팅층은 탄소 코팅층 또는 고분자 코팅층 중 어느 하나이며,
상기 코팅층은 알칼리 금속 또는 알칼리 토금속 중 적어도 어느 하나를 포함하는 플루오린화물을 포함하며,
상기 플루오린화물은 상기 코팅층 전체 중량을 기준으로 0.1중량% 내지 20중량%로 포함되는 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 플루오린화물은 LiF, NaF 및 MgF2 중 적어도 어느 하나를 포함하는 음극 활물질.
- 삭제
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 플루오린화물 중 적어도 일부는 상기 코어와 이격된 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 실리콘계 활물질 입자는 단일 입자 형태이며,
상기 실리콘계 활물질 입자의 평균 입경(D50)은 0.1㎛ 내지 50㎛인 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 실리콘계 활물질 입자는 1차 입자 형태이며, 서로 응집하여 2차 입자를 이루는 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 6에 있어서,
상기 실리콘계 활물질 입자의 평균 입경(D50)은 0.5㎛ 내지 20㎛인 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 코어는 금속 화합물을 더 포함하며,
상기 금속 화합물은 금속 산화물 및 금속 실리케이트 중 적어도 어느 하나를 포함하는 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,
상기 금속 산화물은 Li, Mg, Al, Ca 및 Ti으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 금속의 산화물을 포함하는 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,
상기 금속 실리케이트는 Li, Mg, Al, Ca 및 Ti으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상의 금속의 실리케이트를 포함하는 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,
상기 금속 화합물은 상기 코어의 총 중량에 대하여 1중량% 내지 60중량%으로 포함되는 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 실리콘계 활물질 입자는 1차 입자 형태이며, 서로 응집하여 2차 입자를 이루며,
상기 코어는 금속 화합물을 더 포함하며,
상기 금속 화합물은 금속 산화물 및 금속 실리케이트 중 적어도 어느 하나를 포함하는 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 코팅층을 상기 실리콘계 활물질 입자 전체 중량을 기준으로 0.1중량% 내지 50중량%로 포함하는 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 탄소 코팅층은 비정질 탄소 및 결정질 탄소 중 적어도 어느 하나를 포함하는 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
탄소계 활물질 입자를 더 포함하는 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1, 2, 및 4 내지 15 중 어느 한 항에 따른 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극.
- 청구항 16의 음극;
양극;
상기 양극과 상기 음극 사이에 개재된 분리막; 및
전해질을 포함하는 이차 전지.
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PCT/KR2018/001011 WO2018221827A1 (ko) | 2017-06-02 | 2018-01-23 | 음극 활물질, 상기 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극, 및 상기 음극을 포함하는 이차 전지 |
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