KR101594233B1 - 연료 전지용 촉매재 - Google Patents
연료 전지용 촉매재 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101594233B1 KR101594233B1 KR1020137027382A KR20137027382A KR101594233B1 KR 101594233 B1 KR101594233 B1 KR 101594233B1 KR 1020137027382 A KR1020137027382 A KR 1020137027382A KR 20137027382 A KR20137027382 A KR 20137027382A KR 101594233 B1 KR101594233 B1 KR 101594233B1
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 14
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 air Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(O)=O JYYOBHFYCIDXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011263 electroactive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/18—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0242—Coating followed by impregnation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8817—Treatment of supports before application of the catalytic active composition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8846—Impregnation
- H01M4/885—Impregnation followed by reduction of the catalyst salt precursor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
도 1은 예시적인 연료 전지 장치를 도시한다.
도 2는 표적 증착 공정에서 촉매재를 형성하는 예시적인 방법을 도시한다.
도 3은 종래 기술의 이오노머 전극 재료를 도시한다.
도 4는 본 개시에 따른 예시적인 이오노머 전극 재료를 도시한다.
Claims (15)
- 촉매재의 형성 방법이며,
촉매 담지 입자 응집체를 이오노머 재료로 코팅하는 단계와,
촉매 담지 입자 응집체를 이오노머 재료로 코팅하는 단계 후에, 화학적 함침에 의해 촉매 담지 입자 응집체의 주연면에 촉매 금속 전구체를 증착하는 단계와,
촉매 담지 입자 응집체의 주연면에 촉매 금속을 형성하기 위해 촉매 금속 전구체를 화학적으로 환원하는 단계를 포함하고,
상기 촉매재는 상기 이오노머 재료와 촉매 담지 입자 응집체와 촉매 금속을 포함하는 촉매재의 형성 방법. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 촉매 담지 입자 응집체를 이오노머 재료로 코팅하는 단계는 상기 촉매 담지 입자와 이오노머 재료를 중탄산나트륨과 혼합하는 단계를 포함하는 촉매재의 형성 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 8.5 내지 9.0의 소정 범위 이내가 되도록 상기 혼합물의 pH를 제어하는 단계를 포함하는 촉매재의 형성 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 증착 단계는 코팅된 촉매 담지 입자 응집체를 염화백금산과 혼합하는 단계와 5.75 내지 6.25의 pH를 수립하는 단계를 포함하는 촉매재의 형성 방법.
- 제4항에 있어서, 상기 증착 단계는 5.75 내지 6.25의 pH를 수립하는 단계 후에, 코팅된 촉매 담지 입자 응집체와 염화백금산의 혼합물에 일산화탄소 가스로 버블링하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는 촉매재의 형성 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 증착 단계는 코팅된 촉매 담지 입자 응집체를 염화백금산과 혼합하는 단계와 상기 혼합물의 pH 레벨을 소정 범위 이내로 수립하는 단계를 포함하는 촉매재의 형성 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 촉매 담지 입자 응집체를 코팅하는 단계는 상기 촉매 담지 입자, 이오노머 재료 및 중탄산나트륨을 혼합하는 단계와 상기 혼합물의 제1 소정 pH 레벨을 수립하는 단계를 포함하고, 상기 증착 단계는 코팅된 촉매 담지 입자 응집체와 염화백금산을 혼합하는 단계와 상기 제1 소정 pH 레벨 대 제2 소정 pH 레벨의 비율이 0.5와 3 사이가 되도록 제2 소정 pH 레벨을 수립하는 단계를 포함하는 촉매재의 형성 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 비율은 1.3과 1.6 사이인 촉매재의 형성 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 화학적 환원 단계는 포름알데히드를 사용하는 단계와 환원 중에 5.5 내지 6.0의 pH 레벨을 수립하는 단계를 포함하는 촉매재의 형성 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 촉매 담지 입자 응집체를 코팅하는 단계는 상기 이오노머를 나트륨으로 도핑하기 위해 상기 촉매 담지 입자와 이오노머 재료를 중탄산나트륨과 혼합하는 단계를 포함하는 촉매재의 형성 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서, 상기 화학적 환원 단계 후에 상기 촉매재를 건조하는 단계와 150℃/302℉보다 높은 온도에서 상기 촉매재를 가열하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는 촉매재의 형성 방법.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 촉매재를 가열하는 단계 후에, 상기 나트륨을 제거하기 위해 산으로 상기 촉매재를 세척하는 단계를 추가로 포함하는 촉매재의 형성 방법.
- 제1항 내지 제12항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 방법에 의해 형성되는 촉매재를 촉매 담지 입자 응집체로서 포함하는 연료 전지 장치이며,
전해질층과,
상기 전해질층의 대향하는 양면에 배열되는 제1 촉매층과 제2 촉매층을 포함하고, 상기 제1 촉매층과 제2 촉매층 중 적어도 하나는 이오노머 재료 내에 분산되는 촉매 담지 입자 응집체와, 상기 촉매 담지 입자 응집체의 주연면에 증착되는 촉매 금속을 포함하고, 촉매 금속은 상기 응집체 내부의 비주연면에 증착되지 않는 연료 전지 장치. - 제13항에 있어서, 상기 촉매 금속은 백금을 포함하며 상기 촉매 담지 입자는 탄소인 연료 전지 장치.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 이오노머 재료는 플루오로폴리머인 연료 전지 장치.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2011/033747 WO2012148376A1 (en) | 2011-04-25 | 2011-04-25 | Catalyst material for fuel cell |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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KR20140000715A KR20140000715A (ko) | 2014-01-03 |
KR101594233B1 true KR101594233B1 (ko) | 2016-02-16 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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KR1020137027382A Expired - Fee Related KR101594233B1 (ko) | 2011-04-25 | 2011-04-25 | 연료 전지용 촉매재 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9755245B2 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP2702625B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP5766349B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR101594233B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN103608954B (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2012148376A1 (ko) |
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---|---|---|---|---|
US9391336B2 (en) | 2010-08-23 | 2016-07-12 | Audi Ag | Mixed-ionomer electrode |
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- 2011-04-25 KR KR1020137027382A patent/KR101594233B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-04-25 JP JP2014508320A patent/JP5766349B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-04-25 EP EP11864594.4A patent/EP2702625B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-04-25 US US14/113,223 patent/US9755245B2/en active Active
- 2011-04-25 CN CN201180070382.XA patent/CN103608954B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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EP2702625A4 (en) | 2014-10-01 |
EP2702625A1 (en) | 2014-03-05 |
US9755245B2 (en) | 2017-09-05 |
KR20140000715A (ko) | 2014-01-03 |
JP5766349B2 (ja) | 2015-08-19 |
CN103608954B (zh) | 2018-03-30 |
JP2014517985A (ja) | 2014-07-24 |
WO2012148376A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 |
EP2702625B1 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
US20140051008A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
CN103608954A (zh) | 2014-02-26 |
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