KR101492118B1 - 고체산화물 연료전지 및 그의 제조방법 - Google Patents
고체산화물 연료전지 및 그의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
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- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910004631 Ce(NO3)3.6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021116 Sm(NO3)3.6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010344 co-firing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QBYHSJRFOXINMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Sr].[La] Chemical compound [Co].[Sr].[La] QBYHSJRFOXINMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002554 Fe(NO3)3·9H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GICLSALZHXCILJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ctk5a5089 Chemical compound NCC(O)=O.NCC(O)=O GICLSALZHXCILJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 15
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- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910002492 Ce(NO3)3·6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002852 Sm(NO3)3·6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
- H01M8/1226—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material characterised by the supporting layer
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- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
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- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
- H01M8/1253—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides the electrolyte containing zirconium oxide
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- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
- H01M8/126—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides the electrolyte containing cerium oxide
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Abstract
Description
도 3 내지 도 8은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 고체산화물 연료전지의 제조공정순서도들이고,
도 9 및 도 10은 본 발명의 다른 실시예에 따른 평판형 고체산화물 연료전지의 구조를 나타낸 도면들이고,
도 11은 종래의 고체산화물 연료전지와 본 발명에 따른 고체산화물 연료전지의 파단면 미세구조에 대한 전자현미경 사진들이다.
130 : 음극층 140 : 전해질층
150 : 양극층
Claims (19)
- 고체산화물 연료전지(SOFC)에 있어서:
다공성 세라믹 지지체와;
상기 세라믹 지지체 상에 형성된 집전체층과;
상기 집전체층의 단부들 또는 가장자리 부분들을 노출시키는 상태로 상기 집전체층 상에 형성된 음극층과;
상기 음극층 상에 형성된 전해질층과;
상기 전해질층 상에 형성된 양극층을 구비하되,
상기 전해질층은 1.0 ~ 30 ㎛ 두께의 YSZ 후막 및 1.0 ~ 30 ㎛ 두께의 SDC 후막의 이중층 구조를 가짐을 특징으로 하는 고체산화물 연료전지. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 고체산화물 연료전지는 튜브형 또는 평판형 구조를 가짐을 특징으로 하는 고체산화물 연료전지. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 다공성 세라믹 지지체는, YSZ(yttria stabilized zirconia), 안정화 ZrO2(Zirconia), 알루미나(Al2O3), 뮬라이트(Mullite 3Al2O3·2SiO2), 및 코디어라이트(Cordierite, 2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2) 중에서 선택된 적어도 하나의 재질을 가지며, 0.1 ~ 5.0 mm의 두께를 가짐을 특징으로 하는 고체산화물 연료전지. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 집전체층은 NiO 후막 또는 금속 합금 재질의 후막 구조를 가지며, 1.0 ~ 50 ㎛ 의 두께를 가짐을 특징으로 하는 고체산화물 연료전지. - 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 음극층은 NiO-SDC(samaria-doped ceria) 복합체 후막 또는 NiO-YSZ 복합체 후막을 재질로 하며, 1.0 ~ 50 ㎛ 의 두께를 가짐을 특징으로 하는 고체산화물 연료전지. - 삭제
- 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 양극층은 LSCF(Lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite) 후막을 재질로 하며, 1.0 ~ 50 ㎛ 의 두께를 가짐을 특징으로 하는 고체산화물 연료전지. - 삭제
- 삭제
- 삭제
- 고체산화물 연료전지의 제조방법에 있어서:
평판형 또는 튜브형 구조의 다공성 세라믹 지지체를 제조하는 제1단계와;
상기 다공성 세라믹 지지체 상에 집전체층용 후막, 음극층용 후막, 및 전해질층용 후막을 순차적으로 코팅하고 동시소성(co-firing)하여 집전체층, 음극층 및 전해질층을 제조하는 제2단계와;
상기 전해질층 상에 양극층용 후막을 코팅하고 소성하여 양극층을 제조하는 제3단계를 구비하되,
상기 제2단계는,
NiO 분말 또는 금속합금 분말을 800~1200℃에서 하소하여 슬러리(slurry)를 제조하고, 스프레이 코팅, 스핀코팅 및 딥 코팅(dip-coating)법 중에서 선택된 어느 하나의 코팅법을 이용하여 상기 집전체층용 후막을 형성하는 단계와;
NiO-SDC(samaria-doped ceria) 분말 또는 NiO-YSZ 분말을 합성하고, 합성된 분말을 800~1200℃에서 하소하고 코팅용 슬러리를 제조하여, 스프레이 코팅, 스핀코팅 및 딥 코팅(dip-coating)법 중에서 선택된 어느 하나의 코팅법을 이용하여 상기 음극층용 후막을 형성하는 단계와;
YSZ 분말을 이용하여 코팅용 YSZ 슬러리를 제조하여, 스프레이 코팅, 스핀코팅 및 딥 코팅(dip-coating)법 중에서 선택된 어느 하나의 코팅법을 이용하여, 상기 음극층용 후막 상에 상기 전해질층용 후막 중 제1전해질층용 후막을 형성하는 단계와;
SDC 분말을 합성하고, 합성된 분말을 800~1200℃에서 하소하여 코팅용 SDC 슬러리를 제조하여, 스프레이 코팅, 스핀코팅 및 딥 코팅(dip-coating)법 중에서 선택된 어느 하나의 코팅법을 이용하여 상기 전해질층용 후막 중 제2전해질층용 후막을 상기 제1전해질층용 후막 상에 형성하는 단계와;
상기 집전체층용 후막, 상기 음극층용 후막, 및 상기 전해질층용 후막을 1200~1600℃에서 동시소성(co-firing)하여 상기 집전체층, 상기 음극층 및 상기 전해질층을 제조하는 단계를 구비하고,
상기 NiO-SDC 분말은, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, Sm(NO3)3·6H2O, 및 Ce(NO3)3·6H2O 을 조성에 맞게 증류수에 용해한 용액에 우레아(urea)를 첨가하여 혼합하고, 가열 연소시키는 연소법으로 형성되며,
상기 SDC 분말은, Sm(NO3)3·6H2O 및 Ce(NO3)3·6H2O를 조성에 맞게 증류수에 용해한 용액에 우레아(urea)를 첨가하여 혼합하고, 가열 연소시키는 연소법으로 형성됨을 특징으로 하는 고체산화물 연료전지의 제조방법. - 청구항 11에 있어서,
상기 제2단계에서, 상기 집전체층용 후막 코팅후에, 상기 집전체층용 후막의 가장자리 부분들을 노출시키는 상태로, 상기 음극층용 후막 및 상기 전해질층용 후막이 상기 집전체층용 후막 상에 코팅됨을 특징으로 하는 고체산화물 연료전지의 제조방법. - 청구항 12에 있어서,
상기 다공성 세라믹 지지체는, YSZ(yttria stabilized zirconia), 안정화 ZrO2(Zirconia), 알루미나(Al2O3), 뮬라이트(Mullite 3Al2O3·2SiO2), 및 코디어라이트(Cordierite, 2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2) 중에서 선택된 적어도 하나의 분말을, 압출성형, 냉간 정수압 성형(CIP), 사출성형, 건식가압 성형 중에서 선택된 적어도 하나의 성형법을 이용하여 튜브형 또는 평판형 구조로 성형하고, 900~1200℃에서 하소(calcine)하여, 0.1 ~ 5.0 mm의 두께를 가지도록 제조됨을 특징으로 하는 고체산화물 연료전지의 제조방법. - 삭제
- 청구항 12에 있어서,
상기 집전체층은 1.0 ~ 50 ㎛ 의 두께를 가지며, 상기 음극층은 1.0 ~ 50 ㎛ 의 두께를 가지고, 상기 전해질층은 1.0 ~ 30 ㎛ 두께 및 1.0 ~ 30 ㎛ 두께의 이중층 구조를 가짐을 특징으로 하는 고체산화물 연료전지의 제조방법. - 삭제
- 삭제
- 청구항 12에 있어서, 상기 제3단계는,
LSCF(Lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite) 분말을 합성하고, 합성된 분말을 800~1200℃에서 하소하여 코팅용 LSCF 슬러리를 제조하여, 스프레이 코팅, 스핀코팅 및 딥 코팅(dip-coating)법 중에서 선택된 어느 하나의 코팅법을 이용하여 상기 양극층용 후막을 형성하는 단계와;
상기 양극층용 후막을 800~1000℃에서 소성하여 1.0 ~ 50 ㎛ 두께의 상기 양극층을 형성하는 단계를 구비함을 특징으로 하는 고체산화물 연료전지의 제조방법. - 청구항 18에 있어서,
상기 LSCF 분말은, La(NO3)3·xH2O, Co(NO3)2·6H2O, Sr(NO3)2 및 Fe(NO3)3·9H2O를 La0 .6Sr0 .4Co0 .2Fe0 .8O3 -δ(LSCF)의 조성에 맞도록 증류수에 용해한 용액에 글라이신(glycine)을 첨가하여 혼합하고, 가열 연소시키는 연소법으로 형성됨을 특징으로 하는 고체산화물 연료전지의 제조방법.
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