KR101276956B1 - Controlling inductive power transfer systems - Google Patents

Abstract

The inductive power transfer system 1 is a main unit 10 operable to generate an electromagnetic field, and at least one auxiliary device 30 detachable from the main unit, the main unit without direct electrical inductive contact with the main unit. And at least one auxiliary device 30 adapted to couple with the electromagnetic field when in proximity to the main unit to inductively receive power from the unit. The system detects whether there is a significant difference between the power drawn from the main unit on the one hand and the power required by the auxiliary device on the other hand, or whether there is one or more auxiliary devices. The auxiliary devices require a combined power. After such detection, the system limits or stops the induction power supply from the main unit. Such a system can reliably detect the presence of unwanted parasitic loads in the vicinity of the main unit.

Description

CONTROLLING INDUCTIVE POWER TRANSFER SYSTEMS

The present invention relates to the control of inductive power transfer systems used, for example, to power portable electrical or electronic devices.

This application claims priority on the basis of the applicant GB 0410503.7, filed May 11, 2004 and GB 0502775.0, filed February 10, 2005, with which the applicant is pending.

Inductive power transfer systems suitable for powering portable devices may consist of two parts:

교류 전류를 구동하는데 사용되는 적어도 하나의 주 코일을 갖고 있고 시변 자속을 발생하는 주 유닛.

A main unit having at least one main coil used to drive alternating current and generating time varying magnetic flux.

주 유닛으로부터 분리가능하고 보조 코일을 포함하는 보조 디바이스. 보조 코일이 주 코일에 의해 발생되는 시변 자속에 근접 배치될 때, 가변 자속은 보조 코일에 교류 전류를 유도하며, 따라서 전력이 주 유닛으로부터 보조 디바이스로 유도적으로 전송될 수 있다.

Auxiliary device detachable from the main unit and comprising an auxiliary coil. When the auxiliary coil is placed close to the time varying magnetic flux generated by the main coil, the variable magnetic flux induces an alternating current in the auxiliary coil, so that power can be inductively transmitted from the main unit to the auxiliary device.

In general, the auxiliary device supplies the transmitted power to an external load, which can be carried to a host object containing the load. For example, the host object may be a portable electrical or electronic device with a rechargeable battery or cell. In this case, the load may be a battery charger circuit for charging a battery or cell. Alternatively, the auxiliary device can be integrated into such a rechargeable cell or battery with a suitable battery charger circuit.

One such kind of inductive power transfer system is described in Applicant's GB-A-2388716. The salient feature of this kind of systems is that the physical "open" nature of the main system's magnetic system, i.e., an important part of the magnetic path is through the air. This is necessary for the main unit to be able to power auxiliary devices with different shapes and sizes and to multiple auxiliary devices simultaneously. Another example of such an "open" system is described in GB-A-2389720.

Such systems can have several problems. The first problem is that the main unit cannot be 100% efficient. For example, switching losses in the electronic circuit and I ² R losses in the main coil consume power even when there is no auxiliary device present or when the auxiliary devices present do not require charging. This wastes energy. Preferably, in this situation the main unit should enter the low power "standby mode".

A second problem with such systems is that foreign matter cannot be mechanically prevented from being placed in close proximity to the main coil so that it is combined with the main coil. Foreign metals will induce eddy currents in the main coil. These eddy currents tend to block the magnetic flux, but because the material has a resistance, there are losses of I ² R in the flowing eddy current, which will heat the foreign material.

There are two special cases where this fever can be important:

금속의 저항이 높은 경우, 예컨대 금속이 불순물을 포함하거나 얇은 경우.*

When the resistance of the metal is high, for example when the metal contains impurities or is thin.

상기 물질이 강자성, 예컨대 강철인 경우. 이와 같은 물질들은 높은 투자율을 가지고 있어 물질 내에서 높은 자속 밀도를 제공함으로써, 큰 와전류, 따라서 큰 I²R 손실을 일으킨다.

If the material is ferromagnetic, such as steel. Such materials have a high permeability and provide high magnetic flux densities in the material, resulting in large eddy currents and thus large I ² R losses.

In this application, such foreign matters causing power leakage are referred to as "parasitic loads". Preferably, when there are parasitic loads, the main unit should enter the "blocking mode" to prevent the parasitic loads from generating heat.

Various approaches to solve these two problems have been proposed in the past.

Solutions to the first problem of not wasting power when the secondary device does not require charging include:

EP0533247 및 US6118249에서, 보조 디바이스는 충전 동안에 자신의 유도 부하를 변조하여 주 유닛으로부터의 전력을 대응되게 변동시킨다. 이는 주 유닛이 대기 상태에서 벗어나 있어야 함을 주 유닛에 지시한다.

In EP0533247 and US6118249, the auxiliary device modulates its inductive load during charging to correspondingly vary the power from the main unit. This indicates to the main unit that the main unit should be out of standby.

EP1022840에서, 주 유닛은 자신의 구동 신호의 주파수, 따라서 동조된 보조 유닛에 대한 결합 인자를 변화시킨다. 보조 유닛이 전력을 받고 있지 않은 경우에는, 상기 주파수가 변함에 따라 받는 전력에도 차이가 없고, 따라서 주 유닛은 대기 상태로 들어간다.

In EP1022840, the main unit changes the frequency of its drive signal and thus the coupling factor for the tuned auxiliary unit. If the auxiliary unit is not receiving power, there is no difference in the received power as the frequency changes, so the main unit enters the standby state.

US5536979에서, 주 유닛은 주 코일에 흐르는 전력을 간단히 측정하여 임계값 아래인 경우 펄스공급 대기 상태로 들어간다.

In US5536979, the main unit simply measures the power flowing to the main coil and enters the pulsed standby state when below the threshold.

US5896278에서, 주 유닛은 검출 코일들을 포함하고, 검출 코일들은 보조 디바이스의 위치에 따라 전력이 다시 검출 코일들에 연결되게 한다. 디바이스가 존재하지 않으면 주 유닛은 대기 모드로 들어간다.

In US5896278, the main unit comprises detection coils, which cause the power to be connected back to the detection coils according to the position of the auxiliary device. If the device does not exist, the main unit enters standby mode.

US5952814에서, 보조 디바이스는 주 유닛의 슬롯에 맞는 기계적 돌기를 가지고 있어 주 유닛을 활성화한다.

In US5952814, the auxiliary device has a mechanical protrusion that fits into the slot of the main unit to activate the main unit.

US6028413에서, 주 유닛은 두 개의 코일들을 구동하고, 보조 유닛에는 대응하는 두 개의 전력 수신 보조 코일들이 있다. 주 유닛은 각각의 주 코일로부터 전달되는 전력을 측정하여 임계값 아래인 경우 대기 모드로 들어간다.

In US6028413, the main unit drives two coils, and the auxiliary unit has two corresponding power receiving auxiliary coils. The main unit measures the power delivered from each main coil and enters standby mode when below the threshold.

The solution to the second problem of parasitic loads is:

위에서 언급한 바와 같이, EP1022840에서는, 주 유닛이 자신의 구동 신호의 주파수를 변화시킨다. 이 시스템에서는, 보조 디바이스가 동조되며, 따라서 상기 주파수 변화는 주 유닛으로부터의 전력을 변화시킬 것이다. 부하가 금속 조각인 경우, 주파수의 변화는 사실상 효과가 없으며, 주 유닛은 차단 상태로 들어갈 것이다.

As mentioned above, in EP1022840, the main unit changes the frequency of its drive signal. In this system, the auxiliary device is tuned so that the frequency change will change the power from the main unit. If the load is a piece of metal, the change in frequency is virtually ineffective, and the main unit will go into a blocking state.

위에서 언급한 바와 같이, US5952814에서는, 보조 디바이스에서의 키(key)가 주 유닛을 활성화한다. 보조 디바이스가 존재하면, 이는 이물질들을 물리적으로 차단하는 것으로 가정한다.

As mentioned above, in US5952814, a key on the secondary device activates the main unit. If an auxiliary device is present, it is assumed that it physically blocks foreign objects.

위에서 언급한 바와 같이, US6028413에서는, 주 유닛이 두 개의 주 코일들을 구동함으로써 전력을 보조 디바이스에 공급한다. 두 개의 코일들에 의해 공급되는 전력의 양이 상이하면, 주 유닛은 부하가 유효한 보조 디바이스가 아닌 것으로 가정하고 차단 모드로 들어간다.

As mentioned above, in US6028413, the main unit supplies power to the auxiliary device by driving two main coils. If the amount of power supplied by the two coils is different, the main unit assumes that the load is not a valid secondary device and enters the shutdown mode.

All of these approaches assume a 1: 1 relationship between the main unit and the secondary device. Therefore, in the case of systems such as those described in GB-A-2388716, where there may be more than one secondary device at a time, this assumption is not sufficient. For example, the above approaches do not function when there are two auxiliary devices, one requiring charging and the other not requiring charging.

Some of these approaches also assume that the presence of a valid auxiliary device physically or electrically means that all foreign matter is physically blocked by the auxiliary device. This assumption is not necessarily correct, especially when auxiliary devices can be arbitrarily located relative to the main unit as described in GB-A-2388716.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a main unit operable to generate an electromagnetic field, and at least one auxiliary device detachable from the main unit, inducing power from the main unit without direct electrical inductive contact with the main unit. 15. A method of controlling inductive power transfer in an inductive power transfer system having said at least one auxiliary device adapted to couple with said electromagnetic field when in proximity to said main unit to enable reception. Setting to a no-load state wherein substantially no supply of power to the actual load inductively received by the auxiliary device is substantially prevented; And at the main unit, measuring power drawn from the main unit when the or each auxiliary device is set to the no-load state, and limiting or stopping the supply of induced power from the main unit according to the measured power. An induction power transmission control method of an induction power transmission system including a step is provided.

Since the auxiliary device (s) are set to no load during power measurement, it is easy to detect whether there is a significant parasitic load from the measured power. If there is a parasitic load, the main unit can enter the shutdown mode. For example, if the measured power is greater than the threshold in the no-load state, the power supply may be limited or stopped.

This method is convenient because auxiliary devices do not have to communicate their power requirements to the main unit, or the main unit does not need to perform summation of the power requirements. That is, since the auxiliary devices are at no load, it is known that the combined power requirement is at least a small value affected by the parasitic load imposed on the main unit by zero or by the auxiliary devices themselves.

According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a main unit operable to generate an electromagnetic field, and at least one auxiliary device detachable from the main unit, inducing power from the main unit without direct electrical inductive contact with the main unit. A method of controlling inductive power transfer in an inductive power transfer system having said at least one auxiliary device adapted to couple with said electromagnetic field when in proximity to said main unit for reception, wherein at said main unit, a power request is made. Receiving information regarding power requirements of the auxiliary device from the or each auxiliary device in a state; And measure, at the main unit, power drawn from the main unit when power is being supplied to the or each auxiliary device in the power request state, and according to the measured power and the received power requirement information. Provided is a method of controlling inductive power transfer of an inductive power transfer system comprising limiting or stopping inductive power transfer from a main unit.

In this case, the induction power supply from the main unit may be limited or stopped depending on the difference between the sum of the measured power and the respective power requirements of the auxiliary devices in the power request state. For example, if the measured power exceeds the sum by more than a threshold, the induction power supply can be limited or stopped.

Compared to the method of the first aspect, this method has the advantage that it is not necessary to set the auxiliary devices to no load during power measurement. Thus, power can be continuously supplied to the actual loads of the auxiliary devices.

Of course, in the method of the first aspect, the power measurement period may be very short, so that the interruption of the power supply to the load may not be noticeable. If interruption of the load is a problem, it is possible to provide energy storage means, such as capacitors, to the auxiliary device to maintain the power supply to the actual load during the power measurement period.

In the method of the second aspect, a communication method suitable for conveying power requirement information from each auxiliary device to the main unit can be used. One preferred method for the or each auxiliary device to communicate its power requirement information to the main unit is the RFID method. Alternatively, the or each secondary device can transmit its power requirement information to the primary unit by varying the load imposed on the primary unit by the secondary device.

The method for implementing the first and second aspects of the invention detects whether there is a significant difference between the power drawn from the main unit on the one hand and the power required by the auxiliary device on the other hand, or whether there is one or more auxiliary devices present. Providing different ways, the auxiliary devices require a combined power. After such detection, the induction power supply from the main unit can be limited or stopped.

In the methods of the first and second aspects, it is possible to vary the load imposed on the main unit by the auxiliary device for transferring signals or information from the auxiliary device to the main unit. For example, the power requirement information needed in the second aspect can be sent in this manner.

The advantage of communication using load variation is that more than one or possibly all secondary devices can supply each item of information to the main unit at the same time. For example, some auxiliary devices can change their load if they require power. If the main unit does not detect anything or significant overall load variation, then no secondary device requires power, so it can be concluded that it enters standby mode. Similarly, the main unit will detect the sum of the load variations. If the load variation from each individual auxiliary device is proportional to the analog amount to be delivered to the main unit, such as the power requirement or the parasitic load of the auxiliary device, the sum of the respective analog amounts will be detected by the main unit in the power measurement. This means that the sum can be obtained directly without the need for additional processing at the main unit, which can be time consuming and costly to implement.

It may also be desirable to detect conditions for entering the standby mode in addition to detecting when to enter the shutdown mode. For example, in the method of the first aspect, it is possible to limit or stop the induction power supply if the measured power is less than the standby threshold (different from the above-mentioned shutoff threshold). In addition, the or each auxiliary device may be configured such that the auxiliary device is in a non-power request state in which the actual load of the auxiliary device is not currently requesting power from the main unit or the active load is currently requesting power from the main unit. It is possible to report to the main unit status information indicating that there is a power request state. The main unit limits or stops the induction power supply from the main unit according to the state information reported by the or each auxiliary device. For example, if the state information reported by at least one auxiliary device does not indicate that the auxiliary device is in the power request state, the main unit may limit or stop the inductive power transmission. Preferably, for response speed, two or more auxiliary devices report their respective status information to the main unit at the same time. As mentioned above, one convenient possibility is that the or each auxiliary device reports its power requirement information by changing the load imposed on the main unit by the auxiliary device.

In general, it is possible to make two or more measurements of the power drawn from the main unit in different measurement periods. The secondary devices may behave differently in one measurement period when synchronized with the main unit, so that the main unit may detect two or more different conditions where power limitation or interruption is appropriate.

One preferred embodiment has three measurement periods. In the first period, each auxiliary device turns off the dummy load. In the second period, each auxiliary device requiring power turns on its dummy load. Other auxiliary devices turn off their dummy loads. In the third period, each auxiliary device turns on its dummy load. The main unit can detect from the comparison of the power measurements in the three periods whether there is a significant parasitic load requiring shutdown or no device requesting power for the standby state to be adequate.

It is also possible to vary the load during the measurement period. For example, the amplitude of the load change can be fixed, but the duration can be changed for information supply.

The main unit may register power requirements of at least one of the auxiliary devices therein. In this case, the power requirement information sent from the auxiliary device may simply be information identifying the auxiliary device. The main unit may use the identification information to retrieve the registered power requirement for the device. The identification information may be a code or type, model or serial number assigned to the auxiliary device. This can reduce the amount of information to be sent to the main unit and can also improve response speed and reliability.

In the method of the second aspect, each auxiliary device in the power receiving state is transmitting power requirement information to the main unit, but if the or each of the auxiliary devices that are not in the power request state also desires the same power requirement information. Can be sent to. One possibility is that the power requirement information sent by the or each auxiliary device not in the power request state indicates a parasitic load imposed by the auxiliary device on the main unit. This can be used to make blocking detection more reliable. In addition, the power requirement information may be the sum of the actual load's power requirement and the auxiliary device's parasitic load when in the power request state, and may only be the power requirement of the parasitic load when not in the power request state.

In general, the detection of conditions for limiting or stopping the induction power supply preferably takes into account losses in the main unit and the auxiliary devices. There are many ways to do this.

One way is to use the first compensation information relating to the loss when performing the detection, to compensate for the loss in the main unit itself. When the main unit is in effective electromagnetic isolation, it is possible to derive some or all of the first compensation information from the measurement taken by the main unit. The first compensation information may be stored in the calibration unit of the main unit.

Another way is to use the second compensation information about the parasitic load imposed on the main unit by the or each auxiliary device to compensate for the parasitic load of the or each auxiliary device when performing the detection. The or each auxiliary device directly delivers the second compensation information to the main unit or other information from which the main unit derives the second compensation information to the main unit. The auxiliary device may convey the second compensation information or the other information to the main unit by changing the load imposed on the main unit by the auxiliary device as mentioned above.

A particularly convenient and efficient way is to have a dummy load representing the parasitic load imposed on the main unit by the or each auxiliary device to change the load imposed on the main unit by the auxiliary device.

Some or all of the first compensation information and / or some or all of the second compensation information may be information stored in the main unit during manufacture and / or testing of the main unit.

It may be advantageous to change one or both of the first and second compensation information when one or more operating conditions (eg, temperature) of the main unit change. The auxiliary device may be used alone or in combination with another object. For example, the auxiliary device can be removed from the host object. When power can be supplied when removed or installed on a host object, the device only parasitic load can be very different from the device and host object parasitic loads. To handle this situation, the second compensation information can be changed depending on whether the device is used alone or in combination with other objects.

In many implementations, auxiliary devices must operate in synchronization with the main unit. Therefore, in order to synchronize the operation of the main unit and the or each auxiliary device, the synchronization signal is transmitted from the main unit to the or each auxiliary device or from the or each auxiliary device to the main unit. It is preferable. This is conveniently done by modulating the drive signal applied to the main coil of the main unit. Frequency, amplitude or phase modulation, or a combination thereof may be used.

Many different techniques can be used to measure the power drawn by the auxiliary devices from the main unit. In one technique, the electromagnetic field is generated by a main coil driven by an electric drive unit, the electric power of the drive unit being supplied from the power supply of the main unit to the power input of the drive unit. Power drawn from the main unit is measured by temporarily disconnecting the power supply and detecting a change in the power input during the disconnection. The change may be voltage attenuation. The advantage of this technique is that there is no series resistance through which the current for the drive unit passes. Such series resistors consume significant power.

It is desirable to store energy in an energy storage unit such as a capacitor connected to the power input such that power can continue to be supplied to the power input while the power supply is disconnected.

Another way of measuring power may be available when the electric drive unit has a feedback circuit to control the current or power of the drive signal input to the main coil. In this case, the feedback signal in the feedback circuit can provide a measured value of the power being drawn without needing to add to the power measuring unit at all.

Another way of measuring power is the circuit during the measurement period under non-driven resonance conditions in which application of drive signals to the main coil is stopped such that energy stored in the circuit including the main coil is attenuated over the course of the measurement period. Operating the step. One or more measurements of this energy attenuation are obtained during the period and the one or more measurements are used to measure the power drawn from the main unit.

Two or more power measurements can be obtained under the same conditions, and the results can be averaged to improve accuracy.

In operation, it may be desirable to set the magnitude of the electromagnetic field to a value lower than the maximum value even in the operation mode. In the method of the second aspect, the main unit has power requirement information from each auxiliary device, and according to the power required by the auxiliary device or in the case of one or more auxiliary devices, the combined needs of the auxiliary devices. The magnetic field size can be easily set according to the power. In this way, a minimum power output for powering auxiliary devices can be obtained. However, there are other ways to achieve similar results. For example, a secondary device that is not getting enough power can modulate its load in some way. The main unit begins to operate at full power and may reduce power until load modulation is detected from at least one secondary device. Thus, the minimum power can be determined simply and quickly.

According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a main unit operable to generate an electromagnetic field, and at least one auxiliary device detachable from the main unit, inducing power from the main unit without direct electrical inductive contact with the main unit. The at least one auxiliary device adapted to be coupled with the electromagnetic field when in proximity to the main unit to be capable of receiving; Means for detecting whether there is a significant difference between the power drawn from the main unit on the one hand and the power required by the auxiliary device on the other hand, or whether there is one or more auxiliary devices, wherein the auxiliary devices require combined power Way; And means for operable to limit or stop the induction power supply from the main unit after such detection.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the main unit used in the inductive power transfer system having at least one auxiliary device detachable from the main unit, the auxiliary device may be connected to the main unit without direct electrical inductive contact with the main unit. Means for generating an electromagnetic field coupled with the at least one auxiliary device when in proximity to the main unit to inductively receive power from the main unit; Means for detecting whether there is a significant difference between the power drawn from the main unit on the one hand and the power required by the auxiliary device on the other hand, or whether there is one or more auxiliary devices, wherein the auxiliary devices require combined power Way; And a means operable to limit or stop the induction power supply from the main unit after such detection.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an auxiliary device for use in an inductive power transfer system having a main unit generating an electromagnetic field, wherein the auxiliary device is configured to draw power from the main unit without direct electrical inductive contact with the main unit. An auxiliary coil adapted to be coupled to an electromagnetic field generated by the main unit when the auxiliary device is in proximity to the main unit to inductively receive a power supply; Load connection means connected to the auxiliary coil and to a load that requires power from the main unit when the auxiliary device is in use, thereby supplying such inductively received power to the load; Detection means for detecting a synchronization signal transmitted by the main unit; And control means for responsive to the detection of the synchronization signal, setting the auxiliary device to a no-load state in which supply of the inductively received power by the load connecting means to the load is substantially prevented. A device is provided.

This may provide an auxiliary device adapted for use in a method of implementing the first aspect of the invention described above.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an auxiliary device for use in an inductive power transfer system having a main unit for generating an electromagnetic field, wherein the auxiliary device receives power from the main unit without direct electrical inductive contact with the main unit. An auxiliary coil adapted to be coupled to an electromagnetic field generated by the main unit when the auxiliary device is in proximity to the main unit to inductively receive a power supply; Load connection means connected to the auxiliary coil and to a load that requires power from the main unit when the auxiliary device is in use, thereby supplying such inductively received power to the load; And RFID communication means operable to supply information on the power requirement of the auxiliary device to the main unit using an RFID communication method.

This can provide an auxiliary device adapted for use in the method of implementing the second aspect of the invention described above. In this case, the load connecting means do not disconnect the actual load during the power measurement.

According to a seventh aspect of the invention, there is provided a main unit operable to generate an electromagnetic field, and at least one auxiliary device detachable from the main unit, inducing power from the main unit without direct electrical inductive contact with the main unit. A method of controlling inductive power transfer in an inductive power transfer system having said at least one auxiliary device adapted to be coupled with said electromagnetic field when approaching said main unit for receiving, wherein in an information supply step, two Or causing each of the above auxiliary devices to simultaneously supply information about the corresponding auxiliary devices to the main unit, respectively; And interpreting the information supplied at the same time in the main unit, and determining whether to limit or stop the supply of induction power from the main unit based on the interpreted information. do.

This method may enable a high speed supply of information or signals from auxiliary devices such that a restriction or interruption of the power supply can be made at high speed.

In one embodiment, the information supplied from each secondary device indicates whether the secondary device is in a power request state where the actual load of the secondary device requires power from the primary unit, wherein the primary unit is the secondary devices. If the information supplied in the information supply step by at least one of the above does not indicate that the auxiliary device is in the power receiving state, it is determined that the induction power supply should be limited or stopped.

Information supplied from each auxiliary device may indicate an analog amount of the corresponding auxiliary device. In this case, the main unit can directly derive the sum of the respective analog quantities of the auxiliary devices from the information supplied at the same time.

The analog amount can represent the parasitic load imposed on the main unit by the auxiliary device itself.

The analog amount can represent the power requirements of the actual load of the secondary device.

The analog amount can represent the total load imposed on the main unit by the auxiliary device, wherein the total load includes the actual load of the auxiliary device and the parasitic load imposed on the main unit by the auxiliary device itself.

In one embodiment, each said auxiliary device supplies its said information by varying the load imposed on said main unit by said auxiliary device. For example, the or each auxiliary device may have a dummy load selectively imposed on the main unit during the information provision step. The dummy load preferably represents the analog amount. Different dummy loads may be used to represent different analog quantities, such as power requirements and parasitic loads.

In one embodiment, each said auxiliary device has its own information provision step at a time determined by the main unit.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a main unit operable to generate an electromagnetic field, and at least one auxiliary device detachable from the main unit, inducing power from the main unit without direct electrical inductive contact with the main unit. 10. A method of controlling inductive power transfer in an inductive power transfer system having said at least one auxiliary device adapted to couple with said electromagnetic field when in proximity to said main unit for receiving, said or each auxiliary device comprising: The auxiliary device may include information indicating that a real load of the auxiliary device is not currently requesting power from the main unit, or a non-power request state at which the active load is currently requesting power from the main unit. Report to the main unit, Units are the inductive power transfer control of the inductive power transfer system for determining whether to be limiting or stop the inductive power supply in accordance with the information reported by the or each secondary device to see how in the step is provided.

Advantageously, said or each said auxiliary device has its own reporting step at a time determined by a main unit.

In one embodiment, there are at least two secondary devices, each of which has its own reporting step at the same time.

The or each auxiliary device may report its own information by varying the load imposed on the main unit by the auxiliary device. For example, the or each auxiliary device may have a dummy load selectively imposed on the main unit during the reporting step.

In one embodiment, the or each auxiliary device in the power request state imposes its dummy load during the reporting step and the or each auxiliary device in the non-power request state is in the reporting step. Do not impose their dummy load on their own.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an auxiliary device for use in an inductive power transfer system having a main unit for generating an electromagnetic field, wherein the auxiliary device is powered from the main unit without direct electrical inductive contact with the main unit. An auxiliary coil adapted to be coupled to an electromagnetic field generated by the main unit when the auxiliary device is in proximity to the main unit to inductively receive a power supply; Load connection means connected to the auxiliary coil and to a load that requires power from the main unit when the auxiliary device is in use, thereby supplying such inductively received power to the load; And an operable device for delivering to the main unit information about parasitic loads imposed on the main unit by the auxiliary device.

This auxiliary device transfers its parasitic loads to the main unit so that the main unit can use it to compensate for that parasitic load. For example, the delivered parasitic load can be used when detecting conditions for limiting or stopping the induced power transfer from the main unit.

Any communication method can be used, and this method is not limited to load fluctuations. For example, infrared or ultrasonic communication may be used. RFID can also be used.

In one embodiment, the communication means is operable to convey the information by imposing a dummy load on the main unit. The communication means may be operable to impose a first dummy load at a first time on the main unit and a second dummy load that is different from the first dummy load at a second time, and between the first and second dummy loads. The difference is set according to the parasitic load. One of the first and second dummy loads may be zero.

According to a tenth aspect of the invention, there is provided an apparatus, comprising: a load that at least occasionally requires power from the main unit; And an auxiliary device implementing said fifth, sixth or ninth aspect of the invention, wherein said load connecting means of said auxiliary device is such inductively received power. Is connected to the load to supply the load at the time.

According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a main unit having a main coil to which electric drive signals are applied for generating an electromagnetic field, the at least one auxiliary device being detachable from the main unit, the direct electrical communication with the main unit. Induction power in an inductive power transfer system having said at least one auxiliary device having an auxiliary coil adapted to couple with said electromagnetic field when in proximity to said main unit to enable inductive reception of power from said main unit without inductive contact A method for controlling transmission, the circuit during the measurement period in a non-driven resonance condition in which application of drive signals to the main coil is stopped such that energy stored in the circuit including the main coil is attenuated over the course of the measurement period. Operating a; Taking one or more measurements of such energy attenuation during the period and using the one or more measurements to measure the power drawn from the main unit; A method of controlling induction power transfer of an induction power transfer system is provided that includes limiting or stopping supply of induction power from the main unit in accordance with the one or more energy attenuation measurements.

By using this method, either or both of parasitic load and atmospheric detection can be achieved in a strong and cost effective manner. The method is particularly advantageous for systems in which parasitic objects are connected to the main coil due to open magnetic properties and / or having multiple auxiliary devices.

1 is a block diagram showing portions of an inductive power transfer system utilizing the present invention.
2 is a flow chart used when explaining a first method of detecting a blocking condition in accordance with the present invention.
3 is a flow chart used in explaining the first method of detecting a waiting condition in accordance with the present invention.
4 is a block diagram showing portions of an induction power transfer system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a waveform diagram used when explaining the operation of the system of FIG.
FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram illustrating timing of various signals in the system of FIG. 4, FIG. 6A is a diagram showing a frequency of an AC voltage signal applied to a main coil, and FIG. 6B is a diagram showing power drawn from a main unit. 6c shows the state of the switch of the main unit, and FIG. 6d shows the voltage across the switch of the main unit.
7 shows the drawn load during three different measurement operations.
FIG. 8 shows different modes of operation in the system of FIG. 4. FIG.
9 is a block diagram showing portions of a main unit of a power transfer system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing how the current flowing through the main coil changes in the steady state, the split state and the attenuated state occurring during the power measurement in FIG. 9; FIG.
11 is a flow chart used when explaining a second method of detecting a blocking condition in accordance with the present invention.
12 is a block diagram showing portions of a power transfer system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

1 illustrates portions of an inductive power transfer system utilizing the present invention. The system 1 has a main unit 10 and at least one auxiliary device 30. The main unit 10 has a main coil 12 and an electric drive unit 14 connected to the main coil 12 for applying electric drive signals to the main coil to generate an electromagnetic field. The control unit 16 is connected to the electric drive unit 14. This control unit generates an AC voltage signal 106. The electric drive unit receives the AC voltage signal 106 and converts it into an AC current signal at the main coil 12 to generate an induced electromagnetic field in the vicinity of the main coil 12.

The main unit 10 can have any suitable form, but one preferred form is a flat platform with a power transfer surface, on which each auxiliary device 30 can be placed. In this case, the electromagnetic field can be distributed over the power transfer area of the surface as described in GB-A-2388716.

The auxiliary device 30 is detachable from the main unit 10 and is coupled to the electromagnetic field generated by the main unit 10 when the auxiliary device 30 is in the vicinity of the main unit 10. Has In this way, power can be transferred inductively from the main unit 10 to the auxiliary device 30 without direct conductive contact.

The main coil 12 and the auxiliary coils 32 may have any suitable shapes, but may be copper wire wound around a high permeability formation, such as, for example, ferrite or amorphous metal.

The auxiliary device 30 is usually connected to an external load (not shown, also referred to herein as the actual load of the auxiliary device) to supply the external load with inductively received power. Auxiliary device 30 may be carried to a portable electrical or electronic device or to an object that requires power, such as a rechargeable battery or battery. In addition, information regarding the design of the auxiliary device 30 and the objects that can be powered using the auxiliary devices 30 can be found in GB-A-2388716.

The main unit 10 of the system of FIG. 1 also has a power measurement unit 100 connected to the control unit 16. The power measurement unit 100 performs the measurement of the power derived by the electric drive unit 14 upon reception of the signal provided by the control unit 16. The power measuring unit 100 provides the control unit 16 with an output representative of the power drawn by the electric drive unit 14. The power drawn by the electric drive unit 14 represents the sum of the power drawn by the main coil 12 and thus also the power drawn by all the auxiliary devices 30 and other losses.

In the system of FIG. 1, it is desirable to detect certain conditions and to limit or stop the induction power supply from the main unit under these conditions.

One such condition is the presence of significant parasitic loads in the vicinity of the main unit. In this case, the control unit 16 can enter the interruption mode in which the driving of the main coil 12 is reduced or stopped to prevent the heating of the parasitic load.

Another such condition is when the auxiliary device 30 of the system is not near the main unit 10. Another such condition is when there is at least one auxiliary device 30 but none of them currently has a load requiring power. For example, when turned off or in the case of a rechargeable battery or cell, the load does not require power. Under these two conditions, the control unit 16 can enter a standby mode in which the driving of the main coil 12 is reduced or stopped, thereby preventing unnecessary power consumption in the main unit 10.

2 is a flow chart used when describing the first method for detecting whether a significant parasitic load is present in the vicinity of the main unit in accordance with the present invention.

In this first method, when using the system of FIG. 1, sometimes all of the auxiliary devices in the vicinity of the main unit are intentionally set to no load. In this no-load state, the power inductively received by the auxiliary device is prevented from being supplied to the actual load (the external load mentioned above).

In step S2, when the auxiliary devices are all in a no-load state, the power measuring unit 100 of the main unit measures the power drawn by the auxiliary devices from the main unit. In step S3, the control unit 16 of the main unit determines whether to limit or stop the induction power supply from the main unit according to the power measured in step S2.

In the simplest case, in step S3 the control unit 16 simply compares the measured power with a predetermined cutoff threshold. If the measured power exceeds the cutoff threshold, the control unit 16 determines that the induction power supply from the main unit should be limited or stopped. However, as will be discussed in more detail below, it is desirable to consider losses inevitably occurring in a power transfer system. In particular, these losses include losses in the main unit itself and / or auxiliary devices / host objects present. These losses include inefficiencies in the main coil itself and other components associated with the main coil, such as the electrical drive unit, such as I ² R losses in the copper of the coil or the effective series resistance of the resonant capacitor. The losses also include magnetic loss in the main unit and the auxiliary devices, such as magnetic hysteresis loop loss in the coils associated with the main unit and / or the auxiliary devices. Thus, the control unit 16 may use the first compensation information regarding the loss of the main unit itself, in addition to the measured power, to compensate for these losses in step S3. Alternatively or additionally, control unit 16 relates to the parasitic load imposed on the main unit by the or each auxiliary device, in addition to the measured power to compensate for the parasitic load of each auxiliary device in step S3. Second compensation information may be used.

If it is determined in step S3 that the power supply should be limited or stopped, then in step S4 the control unit 16 places the main unit in the interruption mode in which the induction power supply from the main unit is restricted or stopped.

The main unit will remain in shutdown mode until reset in some way. Such a reset may be initiated manually by the user of the main unit, or alternatively, the control unit 16 periodically starts supplying inductive power again and steps to determine whether it is in the interruption mode. (S1-S3) can be repeated.

In step S3, if the control unit 16 determines that the power supply does not need to be limited or stopped, in step S6, the auxiliary devices requesting power resume power reception from the main unit. Next, the process returns to step S1 again, for example after a predetermined interval.

Next, a first method of detecting conditions for entering the standby mode will be described with reference to FIG. 3.

In FIG. 3, as shown in step S11, each auxiliary device (if any) present in the vicinity of the main unit 10 sometimes has a reporting step. All of the existing secondary devices can enter the reporting phase at the same time. Alternatively, each auxiliary device may enter the reporting step individually. In either case, in the reporting step, each secondary device reports status information to the main unit indicating whether it is in a non-power request state or a power request state. In the non-power request state, the actual load of the secondary device is not currently demanding power from the main unit. On the other hand, in the power demand state, the actual load is currently demanding power from the main unit.

In step S12, the control unit 16 of the main unit determines whether the induction power supply should be limited or stopped in accordance with the status information reported in step S11. In particular, if at least one auxiliary device does not report to the main unit that it is in the power request state at the reporting stage, the control unit 16 determines that the induction power supply should be limited or stopped, and the process proceeds to step S13 where the main unit It is set to the standby state. Of course, if nothing exists in step S11, that is, there is no auxiliary device near the main unit at all and the main unit does not receive the valid status information, the control unit 16 also sets the main unit to the standby mode.

As described above in connection with step S5 of the method of FIG. 2, once the main unit is set to the standby state, the main unit may be set back to the operational mode automatically or by manual intervention from the user.

In step S12, when the control unit 16 determines that the induction power supply should be limited or stopped based on the reported state information, for example, after the predetermined interval, the process returns to step S11. In this way, each auxiliary device present has a reporting step that periodically reports its status information to the main unit.

The methods of FIGS. 2 and 3 may be executed independently of each other. However, it is preferable that the control unit 16 of the main unit be able to detect when to enter the shutdown mode and when to enter the standby state. This may be accomplished by a combination of the methods of FIGS. 2 and 3 now described with reference to FIG. 4.

4 shows portions of an inductive power transfer system according to a first embodiment of the invention. The system 1 has a main unit 10 and an auxiliary device 30. 4 also shows the parasitic load 500 on the main unit, for example caused by foreign matter in the vicinity of the main unit 10. In this case the auxiliary device 30 is assumed to be carried to a host object such as a portable electrical or electronic device. As previously described, the auxiliary device 30 and / or the host object also inevitably impose a "friendly" parasitic load 501 on the main unit 10.

As previously described with reference to FIG. 1, the main unit 10 includes a main coil 12, an electric drive unit 14, a control unit 16, and a power measurement unit 100. The electric drive unit 14 has an input connected to the output of the control unit 16 which supplies the AC voltage signal 106. Output nodes of the electric drive unit 14 are connected to the main coil 12. The electric drive unit is connected to the power supply 105 via the power measurement unit 100. The power supply 105 supplies a direct current to the electric drive unit 14. The electric drive unit 14 provides a high input impedance to the AC voltage signal 106, thereby allowing all of the original load current to be drawn from the power supply 105.

In this embodiment, the control unit 16 is a microprocessor. The microprocessor has a built-in digital-to-analog converter (not shown) to drive the output that supplies the AC voltage signal 106. Alternatively, the ASIC can be used to implement some or all of the control unit 16 as well as other circuit elements of the main unit.

In this embodiment the control unit 16 is adapted to modulate the AC voltage signal 106 for transmitting the synchronization signal to the auxiliary device. The modulation is frequency modulation of the AC voltage signal. Other modulation techniques such as amplitude modulation or phase modulation may be used. The control unit 16 is adapted to send a synchronization signal to the existing auxiliary devices 30. The secondary devices 30 change their load conditions in response to the synchronization signal. This information is used to detect conditions for entering the shutdown mode and the standby mode.

The power measuring unit 100 preferably operates without the need to disconnect the supply of electricity to the main coil 12, which means that the supply to the auxiliary device 30 is not interrupted and electromagnetic interference scattered in the surrounding environment is reduced. . This is attractive because it is noisy and the measurement is required in a short time.

The power measurement unit 100 has a switch 102 between the 0 V supply of the power supply 105 and the ground terminal of the electric drive unit 14. The switch 102 is controlled by the control unit 16. The power measurement unit also has a capacitor 101 connected between the positive terminal and the ground terminal of the electric drive unit 14. The capacitor functions as an energy storage unit. There is a differential amplifier 103 with inputs on either side of the switch 102 having an output connected to the analog-to-digital converter 104. The analog-to-digital converter output is connected to the control unit 16.

When the switch 102 is closed, the power measurement unit 100 does not operate, and power is directly connected from the power supply 105 to the electric drive unit 14. Power measurements are performed when switch 102 is open. The capacitor 101 is now separated from the 0V rail of the power supply 105 but still maintains its charge. On the other hand, the electric drive unit 14 continues to draw current to discharge the capacitor 101. In doing so, the voltage across the capacitor 101 decreases slightly, so that the voltage at the point between the capacitor 101 and the switch 102 rises slightly above 0V. The storage capacitor 107 ensures that the positive supply voltage remains constant. The differential amplifier 103 measures the voltage across the switch 102 and the resulting measured value is converted into a digital signal by the analog-to-digital converter 104 and transmitted to the control unit 16. The small temporary voltage drop across the electric drive unit 14 does not significantly affect the power transfer to the auxiliary devices 30.

While the switch 102 is open, two separate measurements are received at times t ₁ and t ₂ , respectively, measurements V ₁ and V _{2 shown in} FIG. 5. There is a delay t ₁ after the switch is opened to stabilize the transient effect. The power P is given by

Here, it is assumed that V ⁺ is the supply voltage and that V1 and V2 << V ⁺ . It is desirable to sample the voltage level at the same point in the cycle so that periodic variations in voltage are eliminated (also shown in FIG. 5). The switch 102 is then closed so that the power supply 105 is reconnected to the electric drive unit 14.

In addition, an inductor may be used as the energy storage unit instead of the capacitor 101. In this case, the change measured by the circuit during disconnection of the power supply may be a change in current, for example measured as the voltage drop across the series resistor.

The main unit 10 further comprises a calibration unit 29 in this embodiment. The calibration unit 29 stores compensation information regarding losses (eg, electrical or magnetic losses) in the main unit. By design, during manufacture and / or periodically thereafter, the losses in the main unit can be calibrated and stored in the calibration unit 29. The calibration unit 29 supplies the stored information to the control unit 16 so that the control unit 16 can subtract the losses from the total measured value, so that only the numerical values of the losses due to parasitic loads are calculated. This calibration unit 29 may change the compensation information to cope with variable losses in the main unit, for example, losses that vary with temperature.

The auxiliary device 30 includes an auxiliary coil 32, a rectifier 34, an auxiliary control unit 36, a dummy load switch 38, a dummy load 40, a load switch 42, a storage unit 44, and With an actual load 46. The dummy load switch 38 and the load switch 42 may each be a FET, for example. The dummy load 40 may be a resistor, for example. The storage unit 44 may in this embodiment be a capacitor or an inductor instead.

The actual load 46 is outside of the auxiliary device 30 in this embodiment and is part of the host object. The actual load may be a battery charge controller of a lithium ion battery.

There is also a detection unit 200 for detecting modulation imposed on the received AC signal. To detect the frequency modulated signal, the detection unit 200 may be a zero crossing detector that delivers a signal to the control unit whenever the AC signal crosses zero volts. The control unit 36 may have internal clock and counter circuits (not shown). The internal clock and counter circuit can be used to measure the time interval between successive zero crossings to derive the frequency of the AC signal 106 imposed by the control unit 16 of the main unit. Thus, the auxiliary unit can detect the change in frequency and respond by adjusting the switches 42, 38 to change its load conditions.

Another type of load detection circuit 200 may include a threshold detector for digital amplitude modulation or an analog-to-digital converter for multi-level amplitude modulation or a phase detector for phase modulation or a combination thereof.

The operation of the system will be described.

In the “operation mode” of the system, the host object including the auxiliary device 30 lies on or near the main unit 10. The switch 102 is closed. The control unit 16 applies the AC voltage signal 106 to the electric drive unit 14. The electric drive unit 14 measures the DC power from the power supply 105 and amplifies the AC voltage signal 106 and applies it to the main coil 12.

In this mode of operation, the main coil 12 generates an electromagnetic field in the vicinity of the main unit 10. An auxiliary coil 32 is connected to this electromagnetic field and an alternating current is induced in the coil by the electromagnetic field. The dummy load switch 38 is opened and the load switch 42 is closed. The alternating current induced in the auxiliary coil 32 is rectified by the rectifier 34, and the rectified current is supplied to the storage unit 44 and the actual load 46 via the load switch 42. In this way, power is inductively transmitted from the main unit 10 to the auxiliary device 30 and to the load 46. The storage unit 44 stores energy in the mode of operation.

In this operating mode, the control unit 16 of the main unit 10 sometimes initiates the measurement. The measurement begins by the main unit 10 applying an instantaneous frequency change to the AC drive voltage signal 106 and sending a synchronization signal to the auxiliary unit 30. The auxiliary devices 30 receive the AC voltage signal, and the detection unit 200 together with the control unit 36 at each receiving auxiliary device determines when the synchronization signal has occurred. In response to the synchronization signal, the existing auxiliary units change their load conditions for a set time period, and the main unit 10 measures the total load (drawed power) within this time period.

The secondary device 30 uses the storage unit 44 to store energy from the main unit 10 during normal operation. During the measurement, switch 42 is opened to disconnect the actual load 46. As energy is delivered to the load, the energy stored in the storage unit 44 of the auxiliary device is gradually attenuated. If the storage unit has sufficient capacity and is sufficiently well charged before the measurement is initiated, the storage unit can deliver continuous power to the secondary device load throughout the measurement, so the actual load 46 is not interrupted.

In this embodiment, the main unit 10 determines whether 1) there is a parasitic metal to enter the shutdown mode to prevent overheating, and 2) the main unit can enter standby mode because there are no devices requiring power. Initiate a series of three power measurements to determine. The behavior of the main unit 10 and the auxiliary device 30 differs slightly in the three series of measurements above.

During the first measurement, the auxiliary control unit 36 opens the dummy load switch 38 so that the dummy load 40 is not connected to the auxiliary coil 32. As a result, the first measurement is imposed by parasitic load 500 from foreign objects in the vicinity of the main unit, and losses in the auxiliary device and / or its host object, and losses in the main unit itself. Measurement of the power delivered to the parasitic load 501. Thus, the operation during the first measurement corresponds to the steps S1 to S3 in FIG. 2 above.

During the second measurement, the auxiliary control unit 36 optionally closes the dummy load switch 38. The auxiliary control unit 36 determines whether the dummy load switch 38 should be opened or closed during the second measurement based on the power requirements of the actual load 46. If load 46 does not require current power, for example because it currently has a fully charged rechargeable battery, dummy load switch 38 remains open during the second measurement. On the other hand, if the load 46 requires current power, the dummy load switch 38 is closed to connect the dummy load 40 to the main coil 32.

The control unit 16 makes another measurement of the power load during the second measurement. If the second power measurement is substantially different from the first power measurement, the control unit 16 detects that an auxiliary device requiring power is in the vicinity of the main unit. Thus, the operation during the second measurement corresponds to the steps S11 and S12 of FIG. 3 above.

During the third measurement, the auxiliary control unit 36 always closes the dummy load switch 38 to connect the dummy load 40 to the auxiliary coil 32.

Another power measurement is performed by the control unit 16 of the main unit. In this case, the measurement is the sum of the parasitic load 500, the parasitic load 501 of the auxiliary device and / or host object, the main unit losses, and the dummy load 40. Based on the difference between the first power measurement and the third power measurement, the control unit calculates the total value of the dummy loads 40 of all auxiliary devices present in the vicinity of the main unit.

The timing of the various signals and the measured value is illustrated in FIG. 6 (with no constant proportion). FIG. 6A shows the frequency of the drive signal applied to the main coil 12, FIG. 6B shows the load provided by the auxiliary device 30, and FIG. 6C shows the state of the switch 102 of the main unit 10. 6D shows the voltage across the switch 102.

At the start of each measurement, the main unit 10 first changes the frequency of the drive signal supplied to the main coils 510, 511, 512 for the first, second and third measurements first. Each auxiliary device 30 separates its actual loads 513, 514, 515 and introduces dummy loads 514, 515, depending on the environment. Within this time frame, the switch 102 of the main unit is open (516, 517, 518). Within the window of the switch opening, the voltage across switch 106 rises (519, 520, 521). This voltage is sampled at various points in the window to measure power. In the first measurement, there is no dummy load 513, in the second measurement each device only connects the dummy load when its actual load requires power (514), and in the third measurement the dummy load. The load is always connected (515).

The auxiliary device 30 knows which measurement is by the order in which the measurements occur. If there is a long gap of a few ms after the last sync signal, the auxiliary device knows that it is the first measurement. The secondary device can count the number of periods of alternating current received to determine this. The synchronization signals of the second and third measurements naturally follow their order within a set number of cycles. To get more accurate measurements, each measurement can be averaged over multiple sequences.

Each dummy load 40 of the auxiliary device 30 in the system of this embodiment is set to a special value (either during manufacture or during calibration or testing), which value is parasitic imposed by the corresponding auxiliary device and / or host object. The load 501 is shown.

Thus, the total dummy load of all existing auxiliary devices, calculated by control unit 16, is used by control unit 16 as second compensation information to compensate for parasitic loads 501 of existing auxiliary devices. Can be. For example, if the control unit 16 detects that a significant parasitic load 500 is in the vicinity of the main unit when the measured power exceeds a certain threshold, the threshold is the total parasitic of all the auxiliary devices present. It can be increased by an amount according to the load 501 so that detection of the parasitic load 500 from foreign matter is not affected by the number of auxiliary devices present.

Figure 7 shows the drawn out load for the three measurements. The drawn load includes losses 543 associated with the main coil of the main unit (pad), parasitic load 542 associated with external metal objects, a 'beneficial parasite' of metal associated with the host object (portable device) to be powered ( 541, the sum of the current load 540 associated with all auxiliary devices. The first measurement 530 has all of these elements except for the load 540. If the devices do not require power, the second measurement 531 will be the same as the first measurement 530 and thus the main unit can be placed in the standby mode (step S4 of FIG. 3). However, if at least one device requires power, the second measurement 531 will be larger than the first measurement 530 and power is required. In the third measurement, each auxiliary device 30 connects its dummy load. The dummy load of each device 40 is equal to the 'beneficial parasite' of that device. By subtracting the first measurement from the third measurement, the result is a 'beneficial parasite' 541. Main unit loss 543 is known (stored in calibration unit 29). The calculated 'beneficial parasite' 541 and known main unit loss 543 may be subtracted from the first measurement 530 to produce a measurement of the total parasitic load 542 present. If this value is equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold value, the unit can be placed in the blocking mode (step S4 in FIG. 2).

The system using the present invention can measure the loads imposed on the main unit sensitively, for example up to 50 mW. With this sensitivity it can be ensured that very little power is connected to the parasitic load 500 such as foreign matter.

8 is a diagram illustrating different modes of operation of the system of FIG. 4 and conditions for switching between these different modes. The three modes of operation are the operation mode, the shutdown mode, and the standby mode.

In this mode of operation, the main unit makes a steady state (driving condition) for most of the time, but periodically makes the sequence of three measurements described above. As a result of performing the measurement sequence, if the auxiliary device does not require power, the main unit goes to standby. As a result of the measurement sequence, if there is a significant parasitic load 500, the main unit goes into shutdown mode.

In the standby mode, the electric drive unit 14 is interrupted most of the time, and therefore less power is consumed. After the main unit periodically enters the normal mode, a series of measurements are taken during each inspection period to check whether it should enter the operating mode or the shut down mode. Otherwise, it stays in standby mode.

The blocking mode is functionally identical to the standby mode. However, the two modes can be distinguished by a user interface configuration, such as an LED to inform the user that the significant parasitic load 500 will be removed.

In addition to the first embodiment of the present invention, there are many other possible embodiments and combinations of configurations that can be advantageously utilized.

Instead of having a single main coil 12, there are other inductive power transfer systems having a plurality of coils as described, for example, in GB-A-2398176. In such a system, there may be two sets of coils arranged orthogonally to each other. They can each be driven with the same AC voltage signal, but they can be driven in quadrature (ie 90 ° out of phase) so that the induction field rotates over time. Accordingly, the secondary device 30 can be in any orientation and still receive power. The present invention can be used directly in such a configuration. The electric drive unit 14 supplies AC current to the second coil as well as the first coil. The transmitted sync signals will be present on both coils. In addition, since the current measurement is performed by determining the current drawn from the power supply, the power measurement will be the sum of all loads drawn, regardless of the rate drawn by each coil. In such a two channel rotation system, the orientation of the auxiliary device 30 is arbitrary. Therefore, the secondary device 30 will show a +/- 180 phase difference with respect to the main unit. Therefore, the auxiliary devices 30 must each increase their load for at least half a cycle on each side of the measuring period of the main unit.

In addition to the three measurements described above, a fourth measurement may be made. This measurement is initiated by the control unit 16 of the main unit 10 so that the power measuring unit 100 performs power measurement, but there is no synchronization signal sent to the main coil 12. The auxiliary units 30 do not change their load conditions, so this is a measure of power in the operating state. This measurement can be performed at a time other than the measurement sequence of the first three measurements. This fourth measurement is used to determine if the total load drawn is greater than the device's power specification and to put the main unit in an 'overload' state. The 'overload' state is functionally identical to the 'blocking state' but can be distinguished by a user interface configuration such as an LED.

Another possibility is that the electric drive unit 14 modifies the magnitude of its output current input to the main coil to change the magnitude of the magnetic field of the generated magnetic field. Thus, the magnetic field size can be reduced at small loads, so that power is conserved. The implementation of this configuration is to use the first and second measurements in different ways, not only to detect if the devices require power, but also to set the required magnetic field magnitude. Instead of switching in the dummy load 40 during the second measurement if power is needed, the auxiliary device can switch at its dummy load if it is not getting enough power. The difference between the first measurement and the second measurement can be accepted by the main unit as an "insufficient power" signal. The main unit 10 periodically increases the magnetic field to a maximum magnitude, and then gradually decreases it until the difference between the first measurement value and the second measurement value is larger than a certain threshold value (“insufficient power” signal). In this way, the main unit always operates at the minimum magnetic field size.

In another embodiment, the auxiliary devices are adapted to dynamically change the size of their dummy load. This can be achieved, for example, by incorporating loads whose values can be changed by the control means. A simple example can be a resistor ladder with an array of switches that can be arranged in binary increments. The load can be adapted to have a continuously varying size by using transistor circuits or by incorporating other nonlinear elements. Another way to dynamically change the load is to modulate the switch 40 connecting the load so that the effective load changes when the power measurements are averaged over the measurement time interval. The pulse width or duty cycle can be changed to change the effective load size.

The ability to dynamically change dummy loads is useful for devices where 'beneficial parasitic' loads can vary. For example, a self-charging battery may have a different 'beneficial parasitic' load when charged alone compared to when it is charged while connected to a mobile phone. The control unit 36 can detect whether the telephone is attached and can therefore correct the dummy load. Alternatively, the phone can deliver its 'beneficial parasite' to the battery. Other removable attachments that contribute to additional 'beneficial parasitics' can be detected, so the dummy load can be modified. These include, but are not limited to, for example, removable camera attachments, cases, and speakers.

In addition to providing information about the load requirements and parasitic information of the auxiliary device 30, the method can be used to enable the main unit 10 to derive other information about the auxiliary device 30. For example, the main unit 10 may receive serial number, model number, information about power requirements or other information stored in the auxiliary device. To achieve this, the load can be changed dynamically either synchronously or asynchronously. Amplitude modulation or pulse width modulation may be used. Multiple 'bits' or 'symbols' can be used where 'symbol' represents a plurality of amplitude levels or pulse width periods, thus more than 1 'bit'.

In another embodiment, the main unit 10 may deliver information other than the synchronization signal to the auxiliary device 30 by modulating the AC voltage signal 106 applied to the electric drive unit. This information includes information about the main unit 10, such as charging cost, power capability, codes; Information about the location of the main unit, such as adjacent facilities; And other information such as advertisement material, but is not limited thereto. The auxiliary device 30 can receive such information by the detection element 200 and the control unit 36.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that both of these configurations need not be implemented simultaneously in order to benefit. For example, using only the first and second measurements, an atmospheric detection configuration can be implemented. Similarly, by using only the first and third measurements, a parasitic detection arrangement can be implemented. By using only the fourth measurement value, an overload detection configuration can be implemented. Information about auxiliary device 30 may be derived by the main unit without implementing other configurations. Similarly, information can be sent from the main unit to the secondary device without implementing other configurations. In addition, the measurements can be used to implement additional configurations. It should be understood that the label of each measurement is for identification only and that the measurements can be performed in any order.

In addition to the above-described method of sending a synchronization signal before each measurement and identifying each measurement by the order in which the measurements occur, there are other ways of identifying each measurement. These methods include sending different sync signals before each measurement so that the sync signals differ in frequency offset, amplitude, or phase; Or deriving the timing of other measurement values by a counter or internal clock that sends only the first synchronization signal and counts cycles of the received signal in each auxiliary device, but is not limited thereto. It is also possible to carry out the measurements continuously without a substantial gap between them. Alternatively, the measurements can be initiated by an auxiliary device that is not the main unit. The secondary device can initiate a 'preamble' dynamic load modulation that the main unit detects and synchronizes so that the power measurement matches the timing at which the secondary device adapts to its load conditions. In the case of main units capable of simultaneously supplying power to one or more auxiliary devices, the 'preamble' may include the use of a unique identifier, so that each auxiliary device may receive a signal independently. The 'preamble' may be used in communication from the primary unit to the secondary device to address each device independently.

As described above, the dummy load can be used to represent a 'beneficial parasitic' load of the host device. Of course, the ratio between the dummy load value to be delivered and the beneficial parasitic load is not limited to a particular value. For example, the dummy load may be two or three times the 'beneficial parasitic' value, or may be a non-integer multiple of the value. The main unit can derive the overall 'beneficial parasitic load' as long as it knows the ratio. In addition, if the device does not have a significant 'beneficial parasitic' load, it may be desirable to assign a special value and make it available to indicate whether the device requires charging. It may be desirable to use one or more dummy loads. The first dummy load can be used for the second measurement and the second dummy load can be used for the third measurement. The first dummy load is used for atmospheric detection and the second dummy load represents a 'beneficial parasite'. This is particularly advantageous if the auxiliary devices have parasitic loads that vary widely. The first dummy load can also be used to determine power requirements of auxiliary devices that require charging, instead of making a standby determination. The dummy load value is intended to represent the power requirements of that particular device. The first and second dummy loads may be implemented by a single dynamically varying dummy load described above, or fixed loads may be used, or a combination of the two.

In addition to the power measurement method and apparatus described above, it will be appreciated that there are many methods that can be used to detect a load on the main coil or coils. The simplest power measurement may include inserting a series resistor on one supply rail. Voltage can be measured across the resistor and power can be derived from the observed voltage and known resistor values. In this way it may be desirable to include the switch across the resistor and to allow the resistor to short for periods other than the measurement time so that there is no unnecessary power loss in the resistor.

Another method of power measurement is to measure power in an electric drive unit. For example, the electrical drive to the coil or coils is preferably controlled by a feedback circuit. The feedback signal can be used to derive power measurements.

Also, for example, sending synchronization signals and power measurements within a single device as described in Applicant's pending application GB 0410503.7, filed May 11, 2004, used by this application to claim priority. It is possible to combine the functions. In this system, the power measurement includes the separation of the power supplied to the main coils and the detection of attenuation in the non-driven resonant circuit. The separation operation of the power supplied to the main coil 12 has the effect of modulating the signal at the main coil and consequently the signal received at the auxiliary device 30.

9 shows a second embodiment of a power transfer system according to the invention. This embodiment differs primarily from the first embodiment of FIG. 4 in which the power measurements are performed. The main unit 110 has a main coil 112, an electric drive unit 114, a control unit 116, and an attenuation measurement unit 118. In this embodiment, the electric drive unit 114 has a first switch 120 connected between the first power supply line of the main unit and the output node of the electric drive unit, and the second switch 121 connects the output node and the It has a conventional half-wave bridge configuration that is connected between the second power supply lines of the main unit. The first and second switches 120 and 121 may be, for example, field effect transistors (FETs).

The electric drive unit 114 also includes a drive controller 119 that supplies control signals to the switches 121, 122 to turn the switches 121, 122 on and off. The drive controller 119 has a control input connected to the output of the control unit 116. The output node of the electric drive unit 114 is connected to one side of the main coil 112 via a capacitor 117.

The control unit 116 is a microprocessor in this embodiment. Alternatively, an ASIC may be used to implement the control unit 116 as well as some or all of the other circuit elements of the main unit.

The attenuation measurement unit 118 has a resistor 125 having a first node connected to one side of the switch 128 and a second node connected to the second power supply line. Resistor 125 is a low value resistor. The attenuation measuring unit 118 further includes an operational amplifier 126 having an input connected to the first node of the resistor 125. The attenuation measurement unit 118 also has an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 127 connected to the output of the operational amplifier 126. The output of the ADC 127 is connected to the measurement input of the control unit 116.

The other side of the switch 128 is connected to the other side of the main coil 112. Snubber unit 122 is connected in parallel with switch 128. The snubber unit 122 includes a capacitor 123 and a resistor 124 connected in series with each other. The calibration unit 129 is identical to the calibration unit 29 of FIG. 4.

Each auxiliary device in this embodiment may be substantially the same as the auxiliary device 30 of FIG. 4, so that description thereof is omitted here and the auxiliary device is not illustrated in FIG. 9.

The operation of the system of FIG. 9 will now be described with reference to FIG. 10.

Initially, the system has a steady state, in which the control unit 116 causes the electric drive unit 114 to apply drive signals to the main coil 112 so that the main coil 112 oscillates. In the operating mode, it will be understood that the system is almost always in this state. The switch 128 is closed and the circuit comprising the capacitor 117 and the main coil 112 forms a resonant tank.

The next state is the "snub" state. The application of the drive signals to the main coil 112 by the electric drive unit 114 is stopped under the control of the control unit 116. The drive controller 119 closes the switch 121. The control unit 116 also opens the switch 128 when most of the energy in the resonant tank is in the capacitor 117. Opening of the switch 128 causes the snubber unit 122 to be in series with the resonant tank. The snubber unit 122 consumes the energy remaining in the main coil 112 at high speed and stops resonance, for example, within one cycle. Most of the energy stored in the resonant tank remains in the capacitor 117. Sudden interruption of cycles is detected by the detection unit 200 and the auxiliary control unit 36 of the auxiliary device 30. The auxiliary control unit 36 opens the load switch 42. In addition, it will be appreciated that the detection unit 200 of FIG. 4 should be modified in this embodiment to detect sudden interruption of the cycle in the flipped state. The threshold detector (as mentioned above) can be used as the detection unit in this embodiment.

Therefore, in this embodiment, while other forms (eg, frequency or phase modulation) may be used, the split state is used as the synchronization signal of the auxiliary device. It is not always necessary to have a sync signal prior to all the measurements described above.

Next, the system enters the damped state from the flipped state. The control unit 116 closes the switch 128 to remove the snubber unit 122 from the resonant tank so that the energy in the capacitor 117 flows back within the resonant tank. In the attenuated state, the resonant tank operates under non-driven resonant conditions. The energy stored in the resonant tank is attenuated over time in the attenuated state. In this embodiment, the attenuation measuring unit 118 measures energy attenuation in the resonant tank by measuring the current flowing through the main coil 112. The same current flows through the resistor 125 and generates a voltage at the first node of the resistor. This voltage is buffered by the operational amplifier 126 and converted into a digital signal by the ADC 127. The resulting digital signal is applied to the measurement input of the control unit 116.

FIG. 10 shows how the current flowing through the main coil 12 changes in steady state, split state, and attenuation state that occurs during power measurement. In this embodiment, digital signals representing the current flowing in the main coil within the measurement period are received and processed in the control unit 16 to calculate the measurement of the rate of energy attenuation in the resonant tank.

The equation describing the energy stored in the resonant tank during resonance is

은 피크 전류이고, C는 커패시턴스이며,

는 피크 전압이다.Where E is energy, L is inductance,

Is the peak current, C is the capacitance,

Is the peak voltage.

Therefore, the energy stored in the resonant tank of the main unit at any given moment can be calculated when inductance and peak current are known, or when capacitance and peak voltage are known, or in combination. In general, capacitance is known by design, peak current and voltage can be measured by a suitable circuit, and inductance can be derived by observing the natural resonant frequency during the measurement and applying the following equation:

The power measurement P is given by the rate of energy attenuation from the resonant tank (and thus loss) and can be calculated by measuring E ₁ at time T ₁ and measuring E ₂ at another time T ₂ .

Since the voltage and current in the resonant tank are 90 degrees out of phase with each other when resonating, a convenient way to read one peak voltage is to trigger a measurement at the other zero crossing.

A second method of detecting the blocking condition according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. This method can be used in the system of FIG.

When the system of FIG. 1 is in use, each auxiliary device, which is sometimes in a power request state, supplies the main unit with information about its power requirements. The power requirement information can have many different forms. For example, the information may include a binary portion used to indicate "no power required" or "power required". In this case, when the binary portion is "power required", supplemental information for indicating the required amount of power may be provided by the auxiliary device. Alternatively, the power requirement information may simply indicate the required amount of power, or "0" may be sent if the device does not require power at all. In addition, the power requirements of the auxiliary device can be known to the main unit in advance. For example, it may be known that all auxiliary devices of a certain type have special power requirements. In this case, the power requirement information may simply be a code (or other identifying information) indicating the type of auxiliary device.

All auxiliary devices can supply power requirement information to the main unit simultaneously. Alternatively, each auxiliary device may separately supply its power requirement information to the main unit.

Power requirement information supplied by each secondary device in the power request state is received by the main unit.

In step S22, the control unit 16 of the main unit causes the power measuring unit 100 to measure the power drawn by the auxiliary devices from the main unit as previously described. In practice, the measured power will also reflect the loss in the system.

In step S23, the control unit 16 determines whether the induction power supply from the main unit should be limited or stopped according to the measured power in step S22 and the power requirement information received in step S21. For example, the control unit 16 calculates the sum of the respective power requirements of all the auxiliary devices that are in the power request state. This sum is compared with the measured power found in step S22. If the measured power exceeds the sum of the power requirements by more than a threshold, the control unit determines that a significant parasitic load is in the vicinity of the main unit. In that case, the process proceeds to step S24 where the main unit enters the shutdown mode, and the supply of induced power from the main unit is limited or stopped. As previously described in connection with the method of FIG. 2, the system may be reset manually or automatically at step S25.

In step S23, when the control unit 16 determines that the power supply does not need to be restricted or stopped, the process returns to step S21, for example, after a predetermined time interval.

In order to compensate for losses in the main unit and / or auxiliary devices, the cutoff threshold value used in step S23 can be adjusted. One way to do this is for each secondary device (whether or not in a power request) to also supply the main unit with information about its "beneficial parasitic" load. Likewise, losses such as in the main unit can be described using the calibration unit as described with reference to FIG. 4.

12 shows parts of a power transfer system according to a third embodiment of the present invention. This system implements the blocking detection method of FIG. 11 using the RFID communication method.

The system of FIG. 12 has a plurality of auxiliary devices 600 ₁ , 600 ₂ ,..., 600 _n . The system of FIG. 12 also includes a main unit 700. The main unit 700 includes an RFID unit 710, a control unit 720, and a power measurement unit 730. The control unit 720 generally corresponds to the control unit 16 previously described with reference to FIG. 1, and the power measurement unit 730 generally corresponds to the power measurement unit 100 described with reference to FIG. 1. do.

The features of the auxiliary device 600 are generally the same as the features of the auxiliary device 30 of FIG. 4 except that the elements 38, 40, 42, 44, 200 can be omitted. Instead of these elements, each auxiliary device 600 has its own load measurement unit 610 and RFID unit 620. The load measuring unit 610 measures the power supplied to the actual load (46 in FIG. 4) of the auxiliary device. For example, the load measuring unit 610 may measure the current and / or voltage supplied to the actual load 46, and may integrate these measured values over time to obtain an average value. For example, the averaging period may be 10 seconds.

The RFID unit 620 of each auxiliary device may communicate with the RFID unit 710 of the main unit 700 using the RFID link 630. The load measurement value generated by the load measuring unit 610 of each auxiliary device is supplied to the RFID unit 620 of the device and then transmitted to the RFID unit 710 of the main unit via the corresponding RFID link 630. do. For example, the RFID unit 710 may sometimes poll the RFID unit 610 of each of the auxiliary devices. In response, the polled RFID unit 620 may transmit its load measurement. This load measurement value corresponds to the power requirement information in step S21 of FIG.

The power measuring unit 730 of the main unit also measures the power drawn by the auxiliary devices from the main unit as in step S22 of FIG. 11. Next, the control unit 720 determines whether the power supply to the auxiliary devices should be limited or stopped, in accordance with the sum of the measured power and the received load measurements from the auxiliary devices. In particular, if the measured power from the power measurement unit 730 exceeds the sum of the load measurements from the auxiliary devices by more than the cutoff threshold value, then the control unit 720 causes a significant parasitic load as in step S24 of FIG. Concludes that the main unit needs to be in shutdown mode.

In addition, the load measurements generated by each secondary device may represent the total load from the secondary device, including the actual load and the amount of power required by any beneficial parasitic load of the secondary device / host object. If the actual load does not require power, the load measurement can be changed to indicate only beneficial parasitic loads.

Some collision avoidance or collision avoidance techniques are needed in the embodiment of FIG. 12. In one known collision avoidance technique, every RFID unit 620 has a unique code (or something that is statistically unique in nature). The RFID unit 710 of the main unit transmits a signal requesting that all RFID units 620 within a certain range respond. The RFID units 620 send their responses to a code (eg, a Manchester code) so that the RFID unit 710 can know if one or more devices have responded. The main unit gradually narrows down until it can uniquely identify the code of each device present. In general, the main unit can halve the range of codes at high speed on each iteration up to home.

It will be appreciated that any suitable communication link may be used in place of RFID so that each auxiliary device can communicate its power requirement information to the main unit. For example, infrared or ultrasonic communication may be used. Alternatively, each auxiliary device can change the load imposed on the main unit to convey power requirement information. For example, each secondary device can impose a dummy load that represents the amount of power required by the actual load. In this technique, all auxiliary devices in the power request state can impose their respective dummy loads simultaneously, so the main unit can directly derive the sum of the power requirements of all the auxiliary devices in one measurement. Alternatively, the dummy load may represent the total load from the auxiliary device, including the amount of power needed by the actual load and the beneficial parasitic load of the / host object.

The invention is applicable, for example, to inductive power transfer systems used for powering portable electrical or electronic devices, in particular in systems with a number of auxiliary devices and in which parasitic objects are connected to the main coil. It is advantageous.

Claims (34)

A main unit operable to generate an electromagnetic field, and detached from the main unit and employed to be coupled with the electromagnetic field when in proximity to the main unit, thereby inducing power from the main unit without direct electrical conductive contact with the main unit A method of controlling inductive power transmission in an inductive power transmission system comprising at least one auxiliary device, which can be received in a row,
Measuring, at the auxiliary device or auxiliary devices, a characteristic of the auxiliary power supplied to the load of the auxiliary device;
Receiving, at the main unit, power requirement information of the auxiliary device or auxiliary devices including information related to the measured characteristic of the auxiliary power;
Determining, at the main unit, the power supplied to the auxiliary device or, if there is one or more auxiliary devices, the combined power supplied to the auxiliary devices according to the power requirement information of the auxiliary device;
Measuring power drawn from the main unit and determining whether there is a substantial difference between the measured power on the one hand and the supplied power on the other hand; And
Following the determination of the substantial difference, limiting or stopping the induction power supply occurring from said main unit,
And the auxiliary device transmits the power requirement information to the main unit by changing a load imposed on the main unit by the auxiliary device. The method of claim 1,
The auxiliary power is characterized in that at least one of the current and voltage supplied to the load induction power transmission control method of the induction power transmission system. The method of claim 1,
And the power requirement information is represented by the amount of power used by the auxiliary device or devices. The method of claim 1,
The induction power supply is limited or stopped when the measured main power is greater than a threshold value. The method of claim 1,
Limiting or stopping the induction power supply when the measured main power is less than a standby threshold. The method of claim 1,
The induction power transmission control method of the induction power transmission system of the induction power supply system from the main unit is limited or stopped depending on the difference between the measured main power and the power supplied to the auxiliary device or devices. The method according to claim 6,
The induction power supply control method of the induction power transmission system of the induction power transmission system is limited or stopped when the measured main power exceeds the power supplied by a threshold value or more. delete delete The method of claim 1,
The varying load is controlled by an amplitude modulation or pulse width modulation of the transmission of the power requirement information to the main unit. The method of claim 10,
And the power requirement information is transmitted as a series of bits or symbols. The method of claim 1,
A method of controlling inductive power transmission of an inductive power transmission system in which a varying load is a dummy load. The method of claim 1,
And wherein the transmitted power requirement information includes information related to a parasitic load imposed on the main unit by the auxiliary device. The method of claim 1,
And the power requirement information generated from at least one auxiliary device is represented by the sum of the amount of power supplied to the auxiliary device and the parasitic load imposed on the main unit by the auxiliary device. A main unit operable to generate an electromagnetic field;
At least one that is separated from the main unit and is adapted to be coupled with an electromagnetic field when in proximity to the main unit to inductively receive power from the main unit without direct electrical conductive contact with the main unit Auxiliary device;
A load measuring unit for determining information related to power requirements of the auxiliary device or devices;
At the main unit, communication circuitry for receiving information related to the power requirement of the auxiliary device or devices;
Power measurement circuit; And
A control operable to determine whether there is a substantial difference between the measured power on the one hand and the power requirement on the other hand and to make a determination on the substantial difference to divide or stop the induction power supply occurring in the main unit A unit;
The at least one auxiliary device is adapted to transmit the power requirement information by modulating a load imposed on the main unit. 16. The method of claim 15,
The information related to the power requirement is a voltage or current supplied to the load of the auxiliary device or devices. 16. The method of claim 15,
The power requirement is indicative of the amount of power supplied to the auxiliary device or devices. 16. The method of claim 15,
The power measuring circuit is operable to measure power drawn from the main unit. delete 16. The method of claim 15,
Amplitude modulation or pulse width modulation is used to transmit the power requirement information to the main unit. 21. The method of claim 20,
The power requirement information is transmitted as a series of bits or symbols. A main unit for use in an inductive power transfer system and having at least one detachable auxiliary device,
A primary coil that generates an electromagnetic field, wherein the electromagnetic field is coupled with at least one auxiliary device when in proximity to the main unit, thereby providing power from the main unit without direct electrical conductive contact with the main unit by the auxiliary device. This inductively received primary coil;
Communication circuitry receiving information related to power requirements of the auxiliary device or devices;
A power acquisition circuit for obtaining power drawn from the main unit;
According to the received information, the power supplied to the auxiliary device, or the combined power supplied to the auxiliary devices if there is one or more auxiliary devices, is determined on the one hand and on the other hand A control unit for determining whether there is a substantial difference between the supplied powers, and for limiting or stopping the induction power supply occurring from the main unit with the determination of the substantial difference;
The communication circuitry is adapted to receive the power requirement from the auxiliary device based on a varying load in the main unit. The method of claim 22,
And a limit or stop circuit operable to limit or stop the induction power supply when the obtained power is less than a standby threshold. delete delete The method of claim 22,
The communication circuit is adapted to receive an amplitude modulated communication or a pulse width modulated communication from the auxiliary device. The method of claim 26,
A main unit in which an amplitude modulated communication or the pulse width modulated communication is transmitted as a series of bits or symbols. The method of claim 22,
The power requirement information received from the at least one auxiliary device by the communication circuit represents a sum of the power supplied to the actual load of the auxiliary device and the parasitic load imposed on the main unit by the auxiliary device. An auxiliary unit for use in an inductive power transfer system comprising a main unit,
A secondary coil in combination with a field generated when in proximity to the main unit to receive power by the auxiliary unit without direct electrical conductive contact;
A load measuring unit for determining information related to power requirements of the auxiliary unit; And
Communication circuitry for varying the load to transmit the power requirement to the main unit and to communicate the power requirement to the main unit;
The main unit includes a control unit configured to determine power to supply the auxiliary unit based on the power requirement,
The control unit determines whether there is a substantial difference between the power measured and the power supplied to the main unit, and limits or stops the induction power supply occurring from the main unit with the determination of the substantial difference. 30. The method of claim 29,
The information related to the power requirement of the auxiliary unit comprises at least one of a current and a voltage supplied from the main unit to the auxiliary unit. 30. The method of claim 29,
The communication circuitry employs a dummy load to communicate the power requirements to the main unit. 30. The method of claim 29,
The power requirement comprises a parasitic load of the auxiliary unit imposed on the main unit. 33. The method of claim 32,
The communication circuitry uses amplitude modulation or pulse width modulation to communicate the power requirement to the main unit. 34. The method of claim 33,
The power requirement is communicated as a series of bits or symbols.

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