KR100483528B1 - Compensation film and wide viewing angle liquid crystal display device using it - Google Patents
Compensation film and wide viewing angle liquid crystal display device using it Download PDFInfo
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- KR100483528B1 KR100483528B1 KR1019970038660A KR19970038660A KR100483528B1 KR 100483528 B1 KR100483528 B1 KR 100483528B1 KR 1019970038660 A KR1019970038660 A KR 1019970038660A KR 19970038660 A KR19970038660 A KR 19970038660A KR 100483528 B1 KR100483528 B1 KR 100483528B1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
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- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133632—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation with refractive index ellipsoid inclined relative to the LC-layer surface
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133634—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation the refractive index Nz perpendicular to the element surface being different from in-plane refractive indices Nx and Ny, e.g. biaxial or with normal optical axis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
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Abstract
원반 모양의(discotic) 분자 구조를 갖는 일축성 광학 이방체들을 분자의 광축이 액정 표시 장치의 기판의 법선에 대해 순차적으로 점점 큰 각도를 갖도록(hybrid) 배열하고, 광축의 방위각을 액정 표시 장치의 기판의 법선을 중심으로 셀 내의 액정 분자의 비틀림 방향과 반대 방향으로 비틀리도록(twist) 배열한 비틀린 하이브리드층으로 이루어진 보상 필름을 이용함으로써 액정 분자에 의한 빛의 지연(retardation)을 보상한다. 액정 셀의 각 영역에서 다르게 배열되어 있는 액정 분자들에 의한 지연을 보상해 주기 위하여 보상 필름은 두 개의 부분, 즉 분자들이 수직으로 배열되어 있는 액정 셀의 가운데 부분을 보상하기 위한 음의 일축성 광학 이방체인 물질로 이루어진 층과 기판 부근 영역을 보상하기 위하여 이 층 위에 코팅된 비틀린 하이브리드층으로 이루어질 수 있다. 이렇게 하면, 노멀리 화이트 모드의 비틀린 네마틱 액정 표시 장치에 전압이 인가된 경우, 즉 검은 상태의 빛샘을 모든 방향에서 최소한으로 만들어줌으로써 대비비가 높은 영역을 넓힐 수 있다.The uniaxial optically anisotropic bodies having discotic molecular structures are arranged such that the optical axis of the molecules is gradually hybridized with the progressively larger angle with respect to the normal of the substrate of the liquid crystal display device, and the azimuth angle of the optical axis is the substrate of the liquid crystal display device. Compensation for the retardation of light by the liquid crystal molecules is achieved by using a compensation film composed of a twisted hybrid layer arranged to twist in a direction opposite to the twist direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the cell with respect to the normal line of. In order to compensate for the delay caused by the liquid crystal molecules arranged differently in each area of the liquid crystal cell, the compensation film is provided with negative uniaxial optics for compensating two parts, the center of the liquid crystal cell in which the molecules are arranged vertically. It may consist of a layer of anisotropic material and a twisted hybrid layer coated over this layer to compensate for the region near the substrate. In this way, when a voltage is applied to the twisted nematic liquid crystal display of the normally white mode, that is, by minimizing the light leakage in the black state in all directions, a region having a high contrast ratio can be widened.
Description
본 발명은 광시야각 액정 표시 장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a wide viewing angle liquid crystal display device.
일반적으로 액정 표시 장치는 두 장의 기판 사이에 액정을 주입하고, 여기에 가하는 전장의 세기를 조절하여 광 투과량을 조절하는 구조로 되어 있다. In general, a liquid crystal display device has a structure in which a liquid crystal is injected between two substrates, and the amount of light transmitted is controlled by adjusting the intensity of the electric field applied thereto.
비틀린 네마틱(twisted-nematic : TN) 방식의 액정 표시 장치는, 전압을 인가하지 않은 상태에서는 두 기판 사이에 채워진 액정 분자의 장축이 기판에 평행하며 일정한 피치(pitch)를 가지고 나선상으로 꼬여 액정 분자의 장축의 방향이 연속적으로 변화되는 비틀린 구조를 가지며, 전압이 인가되면 액정 분자들은 기판에 대해 수직으로 일어서게 된다. Twisted-nematic (TN) type liquid crystal display devices have a long axis of liquid crystal molecules filled between two substrates in a state in which no voltage is applied, and the liquid crystal molecules are twisted in a spiral with a constant pitch. It has a twisted structure in which the direction of its major axis changes continuously, and when voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules rise perpendicular to the substrate.
액정 물질은 분자의 장축 방향과 단축 방향으로의 굴절률이 서로 다른 복굴절성을 갖는데, 이 복굴절성에 의해 액정 표시 장치를 보는 위치에 따라 빛이 느끼는 굴절률이 차이가 생긴다. 따라서, 선편광된 빛이 액정을 통과하면서 편광 상태가 바뀌는 비율에 차이가 생겨 정면에서 벗어난 위치에서 볼 때의 빛의 양과 색특성이 정면에서 볼 경우와는 달라진다. 이로 인하여 비틀린 네마틱 구조를 갖는 액정 표시 장치는 시야각에 따라 대비비(contrast ratio)의 변화, 색상 변이(color shift), 계조 반전(gray inversion) 등의 현상이 발생한다. The liquid crystal material has birefringence in which the refractive indices in the major and minor directions of the molecules are different from each other. The birefringence causes a difference in the refractive index felt by light depending on the position of the liquid crystal display. Therefore, a difference occurs in the rate at which the polarized light is changed while the linearly polarized light passes through the liquid crystal, and thus the amount and color characteristics of the light when viewed from the front side are different from those seen from the front. As a result, a liquid crystal display having a twisted nematic structure may cause changes in contrast ratio, color shift, gray inversion, and the like depending on the viewing angle.
이와 같이 액정 셀에서 생기는 위상차를 보상해 주기 위하여 위상차 보상 필름을 사용한 TN LCD의 기술이 개발되었다. 이는 액정 내부에서의 빛의 위상의 변화를 위상차 보상 필름에서 반대 방향으로 보상해 줌으로써 시야각 문제를 해결하는 것이다. 비틀린 네마틱 액정 표시 장치의 경우 양의 복굴절성을 가지므로, 음의 복굴절성을 갖는 보상 필름을 이용하여 이를 보상할 수 있다. 보상 필름으로는 일축성, 이축성 또는 하이브리드 구조를 갖는 것 등이 소개되어 있는데 이 중 하이브리드 구조를 갖는 FUJI FILM사의 WV 필름은 원반 형태(discotic)의 분자 구조를 갖는 화합물을 이용하여 이 원반 형태의 분자들의 광축이 액정 표시 장치 기판의 법선에 대해 순차적으로 점점 큰 각도를 갖도록 배열한 것이다. WV 필름을 사용한 경우 일축성 또는 이축성 필름을 사용한 경우에 비해 보상 효과가 뛰어나지만, 여기서도 상하측 계조 반전 특성이 좋지 않으며, 노란색 쪽으로의 색상 전이(color shift)가 일어난다는 문제점이 있다. In order to compensate for the phase difference generated in the liquid crystal cell, a technology of a TN LCD using a phase difference compensation film has been developed. This solves the viewing angle problem by compensating for the change in the phase of the light inside the liquid crystal in the opposite direction in the retardation compensation film. Since the twisted nematic liquid crystal display device has positive birefringence, it may be compensated by using a compensation film having negative birefringence. Compensation films include uniaxial, biaxial, or hybrid structures. Among them, FUJI FILM's WV film, which has a hybrid structure, uses a compound having a molecular structure of discotic, The optical axes of the molecules are arranged so as to have an increasingly larger angle sequentially with respect to the normal of the liquid crystal display substrate. In the case of using the WV film, the compensation effect is superior to that in the case of using the uniaxial or biaxial film. However, there is also a problem in that the upper and lower gray level inversion characteristics are not good, and a color shift occurs toward the yellow side.
본 발명의 과제는 액정 표시 장치의 시야각을 넓히고 시야각 특성을 개선하고자 하는 것이다.An object of the present invention is to widen the viewing angle of a liquid crystal display and to improve viewing angle characteristics.
본 발명에 따른 액정 표시 장치에서는 광학적 이방성을 가진 물질로 구성되며, 분자의 광축이 기판 근처의 비틀린 네마틱 액정 표시 장치의 액정 분자의 배열과 유사하게 액정 표시 장치의 기판의 법선에 대해 순차적으로 점점 큰 각도를 갖도록(hybrid) 배열하고, 광축의 방위각을 액정 표시 장치의 기판의 법선을 중심으로 셀 내의 액정 분자의 비틀림 방향과 반대 방향으로 비틀리도록(twist) 배열한 보상 필름을 이용함으로써 액정 분자에 의한 빛의 지연을 보상한다.The liquid crystal display according to the present invention is composed of a material having optical anisotropy, and the optical axis of the molecules is gradually increased with respect to the normal of the substrate of the liquid crystal display, similar to the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules of the twisted nematic liquid crystal display near the substrate. By using a compensation film arranged to have a large angle (hybrid) and to twist the azimuth angle of the optical axis to the direction opposite to the twist direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the cell around the normal of the substrate of the liquid crystal display device Compensate for the delay of light caused by
이러한 보상 필름은 원반 모양의(discotic) 분자 구조를 갖는 음의 일축성 광학 이방체인 물질로 만들어질 수 있다.Such a compensation film may be made of a material which is a negative uniaxial optically anisotropic body having a discotic molecular structure.
또한, 이러한 보상 필름은 분자가 한 방향으로 배열되어 있는 음의 일축성 광학 이방체인 물질로 이루어진 층과 이 층 위에 코팅된 비틀린 하이브리드 (twist-hybrid)층으로 이루어질 수 있다. 전자에 의해 액정 셀의 가운데 부분의 수직으로 배열된 액정 분자들에 의한 빛의 지연을 보상할 수 있고, 후자에 의해 기판 표면 부근의 기판과 평행한 액정 분자에 의한 빛의 지연이 보상된다. In addition, such a compensation film may consist of a layer of a material which is a negative uniaxial optically anisotropic body in which molecules are arranged in one direction and a twist-hybrid layer coated on the layer. The former can compensate for the delay of light by the vertically arranged liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal cell, and the latter compensate for the delay of the light by the liquid crystal molecules parallel to the substrate near the substrate surface.
이제 첨부한 도면을 참고로 하여 본 발명에 따른 액정 표시 장치의 실시예를 상세히 설명한다.An embodiment of the liquid crystal display according to the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
도 1은 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 액정 표시 장치의 단면도이다. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
도 1에 나타난 바와 같이, 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 액정 표시 장치는 안쪽면에 배향막(210, 220)이 도포되어 있는 한 쌍의 투명 기판(110, 120), 두 투명 기판(110, 120) 사이의 액정 물질(300), 각각의 투명 기판의 바깥쪽에 부착되어 있는 보상 필름(410, 420) 및 각각의 보상 필름(410, 420)의 바깥면에 부착되어 빛을 편광시키는 두 장의 편광판(510, 520)으로 구성된다.As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a pair of transparent substrates 110 and 120 and two transparent substrates 110 and 120 having alignment layers 210 and 220 coated on an inner surface thereof. The liquid crystal material 300 therebetween, the compensation films 410 and 420 attached to the outside of each transparent substrate, and the two polarizing plates 510 attached to the outside of the respective compensation films 410 and 420 to polarize light. , 520).
비틀린 네마틱 액정 표시 장치에 전압을 인가하게 되면, 도 1에 나타난 바와 같이 액정 셀의 중앙부(310)에서는 액정 분자들이 수직으로 서 있지만, 충분한 전압을 인가하더라도 기판 근처(321, 322)의 액정 분자들은 기판에 도포된 배향막(210, 220)의 배향 규제력으로 인해 액정 분자들이 러빙 방향쪽으로 비틀리며 기판에 대해 경사지게 늘어서 있다. 따라서 이 경우 셀의 중앙부(310)에서는 광축이 기판의 법선 방향에 있는 양의 일축성 광학 이방체라고 할 수 있지만, 기판 부근(321, 322)에서는 기판에 대해 경사져 있고 또 비틀려 있으므로 광축이 기판의 법선 방향에 대해 경사진 양의 일축성 광학 이방체들이 비틀린 형태라고 할 수 있다. 따라서, 이 경우 음의 일축성 광학 이방체로 이루어진 보상 필름을 사용해서는 완전한 보상이 이루어지지 않는다. 이것들을 광학적으로 보상하기 위해서는 각각의 양의 일축성 광학 이방체들의 광축과 같은 방향의 광축을 갖는 음의 일축성 광학 이방체들을 사용하여야 한다.When a voltage is applied to the twisted nematic liquid crystal display, as shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal molecules stand vertically at the central portion 310 of the liquid crystal cell, but the liquid crystal molecules near the substrates 321 and 322 are applied even if a sufficient voltage is applied. The liquid crystal molecules are twisted toward the rubbing direction and are inclined with respect to the substrate due to the alignment control force of the alignment layers 210 and 220 applied to the substrate. Therefore, in this case, the optical axis is positive uniaxial optically anisotropic body in the normal direction of the substrate in the center portion 310 of the cell, but in the vicinity of the substrate 321 and 322, the optical axis is inclined and twisted with respect to the substrate. It can be said that the positive uniaxial optical anisotropes inclined with respect to the normal direction are twisted. Thus, in this case, full compensation is not achieved by using a compensation film made of negative uniaxial optically anisotropic body. To compensate for these optically, negative uniaxial optically anisotropic bodies having optical axes in the same direction as the optical axes of the respective positive uniaxial optically anisotropic bodies should be used.
본 발명의 실시예에 따른 보상 필름에서는 음의 일축성 광학 이방체인 물질의 원반 모양의 분자들을 분자의 광축이 액정 표시 장치의 기판의 법선에 대해 순차적으로 점점 큰 각도를 갖도록(hybrid) 배열하고, 광축의 방위각은 액정 표시 장치의 기판의 법선을 중심으로 셀 내의 액정 분자의 비틀림 방향과 반대 방향으로 비틀리도록(twist) 한다. 이러한 형태의 분자 구조를 갖는 보상 필름을 비틀린 하이브리드(twist-hybrid) 보상 필름이라고 하기로 한다.In the compensation film according to the embodiment of the present invention, the disk-shaped molecules of the material, which are negative uniaxial optically anisotropic bodies, are arranged such that the optical axis of the molecules is gradually larger and larger with respect to the normal of the substrate of the liquid crystal display device. The azimuth angle of the optical axis is twisted in a direction opposite to the twisting direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the cell about the normal of the substrate of the liquid crystal display. A compensation film having this type of molecular structure will be referred to as a twist-hybrid compensation film.
액정 셀의 각 영역에서 다르게 배열되어 있는 액정 분자들에 의한 빛의 지연(retardation)을 보상하기 위하여, 보상 필름(410, 420)은 두 부분으로 이루어져 있다. 즉, 음의 일축성 광학 이방체인 물질로 이루어진 층(411, 421) 위에 비틀린 하이브리드 배열을 갖는 층(412, 422)이 코팅되어 있다. 이렇게 하면, 일축성 층(411, 421)에 의해 액정 셀의 가운데 부분(310)이 보상되고, 비틀린 하이브리드 배열을 갖는 코팅층(412, 422)에 의해 기판 부근(321, 322)이 보상된다. 그리고, 이러한 보상 필름(410, 420)은 투명 기판(110, 120)의 양측에 부착되어 상측 기판(120)에 부착된 필름(420)은 셀의 중앙부로부터 상측 부분을 보상하고, 하측 기판(110)에 부착된 필름(410)은 셀의 중앙부로부터 하측 부분을 보상한다.In order to compensate for retardation of light caused by liquid crystal molecules arranged differently in each region of the liquid crystal cell, the compensation films 410 and 420 have two parts. That is, layers 412 and 422 having a twisted hybrid arrangement are coated on the layers 411 and 421 made of a material that is a negative uniaxial optically anisotropic body. This compensates for the central portion 310 of the liquid crystal cell by the uniaxial layers 411 and 421, and the vicinity of the substrate 321 and 322 by the coating layers 412 and 422 having a twisted hybrid arrangement. The compensation films 410 and 420 are attached to both sides of the transparent substrates 110 and 120 so that the film 420 attached to the upper substrate 120 compensates for the upper portion from the center of the cell and the lower substrate 110. The film 410 attached to) compensates for the lower portion from the center of the cell.
본 발명에 따른 비틀린 하이브리드 보상 필름을 이용한 액정 표시 장치에서는 액정 셀의 모든 부분에서 일어나는 빛의 지연을 정확히 보상하여 줄 수 있으므로 넓은 시야각과 높은 대비비를 얻을 수 있다.In the liquid crystal display device using the twisted hybrid compensation film according to the present invention, it is possible to accurately compensate for the delay of light occurring in all parts of the liquid crystal cell, thereby obtaining a wide viewing angle and high contrast ratio.
도 1은 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 액정 표시 장치의 단면도이다.1 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
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| KR100488935B1 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 2005-10-21 | 비오이 하이디스 테크놀로지 주식회사 | LCD display device of HSN mode |
| US6181400B1 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2001-01-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Discotic-type twist-film compensated single-domain or two-domain twisted nematic liquid crystal displays |
| KR100623986B1 (en) * | 2000-04-17 | 2006-09-13 | 삼성전자주식회사 | a liquid crystal display |
| KR100951128B1 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2010-04-07 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | Liquid crystal display device |
| JP2005201960A (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2005-07-28 | Seiko Epson Corp | Liquid crystal device and projection display device |
| JP4285350B2 (en) | 2004-02-26 | 2009-06-24 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Viewing angle control element and manufacturing method thereof, liquid crystal display device, electronic device |
| KR101632925B1 (en) | 2009-09-21 | 2016-07-04 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Display apparatus and method of manufacturing the same |
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| JPH0850206A (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1996-02-20 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Optical compensation sheet, liquid crystal display device and color liquid crystal display device |
| JPH0933896A (en) * | 1995-07-14 | 1997-02-07 | Nec Corp | Liquid crystal display device |
| JPH09146086A (en) * | 1995-11-24 | 1997-06-06 | Toshiba Corp | Liquid crystal display element |
| JPH09197397A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1997-07-31 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
| KR970071091A (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 1997-11-07 | 가네꼬 히사시 | Liquid crystal display |
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| JPH0850206A (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1996-02-20 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Optical compensation sheet, liquid crystal display device and color liquid crystal display device |
| JPH0933896A (en) * | 1995-07-14 | 1997-02-07 | Nec Corp | Liquid crystal display device |
| JPH09197397A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1997-07-31 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
| JPH09146086A (en) * | 1995-11-24 | 1997-06-06 | Toshiba Corp | Liquid crystal display element |
| KR970071091A (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 1997-11-07 | 가네꼬 히사시 | Liquid crystal display |
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