JPWO2018037992A1 - 金属焼結接合体、およびダイ接合方法 - Google Patents
金属焼結接合体、およびダイ接合方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2018037992A1 JPWO2018037992A1 JP2017561430A JP2017561430A JPWO2018037992A1 JP WO2018037992 A1 JPWO2018037992 A1 JP WO2018037992A1 JP 2017561430 A JP2017561430 A JP 2017561430A JP 2017561430 A JP2017561430 A JP 2017561430A JP WO2018037992 A1 JPWO2018037992 A1 JP WO2018037992A1
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- die
- paste
- porosity
- joined body
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
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- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
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- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
- B22F7/064—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts using an intermediate powder layer
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- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
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- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
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Abstract
Description
(1)基板とダイを接合する金属焼結接合体であって、金属焼結接合体がダイと対向する矩形状領域の少なくとも中央部および角部は、矩形状領域の平均気孔率より低い低気孔率領域を有し、低気孔率領域は、矩形状領域の対角線を中心線とする帯状領域内に位置することを特徴とする金属焼結接合体。
1.金属焼結接合体
(1)基板およびダイ
本発明に係る金属焼結接合体(以下、適宜、「接合体」と称する。)は、基板とダイとを接合する。本発明において、「ダイ」は例えばSiなどの通常用いられている材質である。電子部品である。「基板」としてはその表面に後述するペーストを塗布することが可能であれば特に限定されない。例えば酸化アルミニウム、窒化アルミニウム、酸化ジルコニウム、窒化ジルコニウム、酸化チタン、窒化チタンまたはこれらの混合物を含むセラミック基板、Cu、Fe、Ni、Cr、Al、Ag、Au、Tiを含む金属基板、ガラスエポキシ基板、BTレジン基板、ガラス基板、樹脂基板、紙等が挙げられる。
本発明に係る金属焼結接合体は、後述するように、ダイと対向する矩形状領域において特徴を有する。これは、ダイの形状が通常矩形状であり、金属焼結接合体のダイに対向する領域でヒートサイクル耐性および放熱性を示す必要があるためである。本発明では、角部が面取りされているような場合や、角度が90°から若干ずれていてもよい。また、本発明において、「矩形」とは平面視で長方形および正方形を包含する。
本発明では、低気孔率領域の気孔率が低いほど、ヒートサイクル耐性および放熱性が向上するため、気孔率が低いほど好ましい。低気孔率領域の気孔率の上限は好ましくは20%以下であり、より好ましくは15%以下であり、特に好ましくは12%以下である。一方、低気孔率領域の気孔率を0%にすることは現実的には困難である。低気孔率領域の気孔率の下限は、好ましくは1%以上であり、より好ましくは3%以上である。
金属焼結接合体は、単に低気孔率領域を有するのみでは本発明の効果を発揮することができない。ヒートサイクル耐性は、低気孔率領域が一方に偏っていると向上せず、矩形状領域の全体に均一に分散して存在しても向上しない。効率的にヒートサイクル耐性を向上させるためには、低気孔率領域が金属焼結接合体の対称な領域に位置する必要がある。これによって、一対の低気孔率領域が、各々少なくとも2つの対称な角に存在することになるため、高いヒートサイクル耐性を示すことができる。そこで、本発明では、低気孔率領域は接合体の対角線を中心線とする帯状領域内に位置することを要件とする。
本発明の金属焼結接合体は、金属ナノ粒子で構成されていてもよく、マイクロ粒子とナノ粒子とのハイブリッド粒子でもよく、また、フレーク状マイクロ粒子とナノ粒子とのハイブリッド粒子のいずれを用いてもよい。ペーストの流動性を確保する観点から、金属粒子の粒径は、接合体の厚さの1/6以下であることが望ましい。
金属焼結接合体の厚さは、接合強度を確保し、また、塗布時の均一性を担保するため、20〜200μmであることが望ましい。なお、ダイと基板が傾斜している場合も十分に考えられるため、本発明における接合体の厚さは、接合体の中心での厚さとする。
本発明に係る金属焼結接合体は、例えば以下のように製造することができる。製造方法の一例を、図1を用いて説明する。図1は、本発明の金属焼結接合体を用いたダイボンディングを行う工程の概略工程図であり、図1(A)はダイをダイマウンターでAgペースト上に載置する工程であり、図1(B)はダイでAgペーストを加圧する工程であり、図1(C)はダイに重りを置いて接合圧力を加えながらホットプレート上でAgペーストを焼結する工程である。
まず、金属マイクロ粒子、または金属ナノ粒子、もしくは金属ナノ粒子と金属マイクロ粒子とのハイブリッド粒子を準備する。そして、本発明の金属焼結接合体を形成するためのペーストを製造する。このペーストは、上記金属粒子もしくはハイブリッド粒子とアルコールを攪拌、混合して製造する。
ペーストを基板上に塗布する工程では、基板の塗布面においてダイと対向する矩形状領域にペーストを塗布する。ペーストを塗布する面積は、ダイの面積と同程度であることが望ましい。ペーストの塗布面積がダイの面積より大幅に広すぎると、ダイに対応する面からはみ出たペーストが、ペーストを加圧する際にペーストの流動を阻害し、帯状領域を形成することができない。一方、ペーストの塗布面積が狭すぎるとペーストを加圧してもペーストがダイ全面に広がらず、ダイの角部に金属焼結接合体が形成されない。そこで、ペーストの塗布面積は、ダイの面積の±0.4%以下であることが好ましく、ダイの面積の±0.3%以下であることがより好ましく、ダイの面積の±0.1%であることがさらに好ましく、ダイの面積と略同一であることが特に好ましい。
図1(A)に示すように、ダイマウンターでダイを吸着し、ペースト上に載置する。この工程では、ダイをペースト上に載置する前に、ダイマウンターのクリアランスを制御する設備を用いてダイと基板の平坦度を向上させてもよい。具体的には、基板に対するダイの傾斜角度が1°以下であることが好ましく、0.8°以下であることがより好ましく、0.5°以下であることが特に好ましい。ダイが傾斜した状態でペーストを加圧すると、本発明に係る金属焼結接合体のように矩形状領域の中央部および角部に低気孔率領域を形成することができない。理由としては、以下のことが推察される。ダイが傾斜していると、ペーストが等方的ではなく一方向に流動し、低気孔率領域が生じず、もしくは低気孔率領域が生じたとしても接合体の片側にだけ生じて接合体の対称な領域に位置することができない。これに対して、基板とダイの傾斜角度がほとんどなく、極めて平坦度が高い状態でダイがペーストを加圧すると、圧力がペーストに均一に加えられてペーストが等方的に流動し、所定の位置に低気孔率領域が生じる。
次に、図1(B)に示すように、ダイでAgペーストを加圧する。
図1(C)に示すように、ダイに重りを置いて接合圧力を加えながらホットプレート上でAgペーストを焼結する。ダイに載せる重りの質量は、接合圧力が3MPa以下になるように適宜選択する。接合圧力が3MPaを超えると、ICや基板が破損する恐れがある。また、ダイの下で焼結された接合体の板厚が薄くなり、密度分布が低減して所望の低気孔率領域を得ることができない。加熱温度は、180〜350℃の温度域まで加熱し、加熱時間は5〜300分間であることが好ましい。
(ペーストの作製)
本実施例では、厚さが260nmであり平均粒径が8.0μmのAgマイクロフレーク粒子を50gと、平均粒径が0.3μmのサブマイクロ粒子のハイブリッド粒子を50g用いて、Ag粒子を得た。なお、平均粒径は、レーザー方法(大塚電子株式会社製、ダイナミック光散乱光度計DLS−8000)により求めた。この粒子とエチレングリコールを、キーエンス社製のKEYENCEHM−500ハイブリッドミキサーを用いて混合し、粘性が150Pa・sのハイブリッドAgペーストを作製した。このペーストは、Ag粒子がペーストの90質量%であった。
このペーストを、表面にNi−Agメッキ(膜厚:40μm)が施された20mm×20mm×1mmの銅基板に、メタルマスクを用いて4mm×4mm×0.1mmのサイズで塗布した。その後、ダイマウンターを用いて4mm×4mm×0.4mmのSiダイをCu基板に塗布したペースト上に載置した。そして、0.2MPaの荷重圧で、Siダイで10秒間、室温で加圧した。加圧後のペーストの厚みは、0.07mm(塗布時の70%)であった。また、加圧速度は下記表1に示す速度とした。この際、ダイマウンターのクリアランスを制御する設備を用いて、基板とダイとの傾斜角度が1°となるように調整した。
ダイの上に重りを置き0.2MPaの荷重圧を加えながら、ホットプレート上で180℃、5分間加熱し、250℃まで10℃/minの昇温速度で昇温し、30分保持した。その後、室温まで冷却してダイボンディングを終了した。
ペーストと基板もしくはダイとの接合状態を、日立製作所製FS300IIIを用いてSAT(high speed Scanning Acoustic Tomograph)により観察した。この画像は、超音波プローブの走査ピッチを0.01mmとしたものである。また、株式会社東研社製TUX−3200を用いてX線観察を行い、撮影したX線写真から密度分布の有無について目視で観察した。
密度の状態は、接合体のX線平面写真から目視にて観察した。帯状領域に濃い色が確認できる場合には「〇」とし、濃い色が確認できなかった場合には「×」とした。
ヒートサイクル耐性は、−40℃:20分、200℃:40分を1サイクルとする条件で500サイクル試験後にダイの対角線断面を観察し、対角線上のクラック伸展長さを測定し、対角線全体を100%にした場合のクラック伸展長さの占有率を算出し、クラック伸展率とした。
これらの実施例は、実施例1において、各々表1に記載の条件に変更してダイボンディングを行ったものである。
実施例1において、ペーストを基板に塗布した後、中央部(中心)および角部(4角)に同一のペーストを各々0.5mg再塗布した後、実施例1と同様にダイボンディングを行った。なお、実施例3では、角部にペーストを別途塗布し、実施例4では、中央部にペーストを別途塗布した。
実施例1において、メタルマスクを用いて5mm×5mm×0.1mmのサイズで塗布し、ダイマウンターを用いて4mm×4mm×0.4mmのSiダイを、Cu基板に塗布したペースト上に載置したことを除いて、実施例1と同様にダイボンディングを行った。
図2は、実施例1の接合体の平面写真および断面写真であり、図2(a)はX線平面写真(35倍)であり、図2(b)はSAT平面写真であり、図2(c)は図2(a)のX−Y断面のSEM写真(30倍)であり、図2(d)は図2(c)中の左側の破線で囲まれた部分における接合界面拡大断面写真(1200倍)であり、図2(e)は図2(c)中の右側の破線で囲まれた部分における接合界面拡大断面写真(1200倍)である。
Claims (10)
- 基板とダイを接合する金属焼結接合体であって、
前記金属焼結接合体が前記ダイと対向する矩形状領域の少なくとも中央部および角部は、前記矩形状領域の平均気孔率より低い低気孔率領域を有し、
前記低気孔率領域は、前記矩形状領域の対角線を中心線とする帯状領域内に位置する
ことを特徴とする金属焼結接合体。 - 前記帯状領域の幅は、前記ダイの1辺の長さの3〜30%である、請求項1に記載の金属焼結接合体。
- 前記低気孔率領域が主として前記中央部を占有する、請求項1または2に記載の金属焼結接合体。
- 前記低気孔率領域が主として前記角部を占有する、請求項1または2に記載の金属焼結接合体。
- 前記低気孔率領域が前記帯状領域に均一に存在する、請求項1または2に記載の金属焼結接合体。
- 前記矩形状領域の面積に対する前記低気孔率領域の面積率は15%以上である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の金属焼結接合体。
- 前記帯状領域の面積に対する前記低気孔率領域の面積率は60%以上である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の金属焼結接合体。
- 前記低気孔率領域の気孔率は、前記矩形状領域の平均気孔率に対して70%以下である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の金属焼結接合体。
- 基板に請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の金属焼結接合体を介してダイを基板に接合するダイ接合方法において、
前記基板の塗布面であって前記ダイと対向する矩形状領域に、前記ペーストの塗布面積がダイの面積の±0.4%となるように前記ペーストを矩形状に塗布する塗布工程と、
前記ダイを塗布後の前記ペースト上に載置する載置工程と、
塗布後の前記ペーストを、加圧速度が1μm/s以上であり、前記ダイを前記ペーストに押し込む押込量がペーストの塗布厚に対して10〜60%となるように、前記ダイで加圧する加圧工程と、
前記加圧工程後のペーストを3MPa以下の加圧力、および180〜350℃の加熱温度で焼結する焼結工程と
を備えることを特徴とするダイ接合方法。 - 前記塗布工程後であって前記載置工程前に、前記矩形状領域の中央部および角部に更にペーストを上塗りする上塗り塗布工程を備える、請求項9に記載のダイ接合方法。
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