JPWO2016084288A1 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2016084288A1 JPWO2016084288A1 JP2016561220A JP2016561220A JPWO2016084288A1 JP WO2016084288 A1 JPWO2016084288 A1 JP WO2016084288A1 JP 2016561220 A JP2016561220 A JP 2016561220A JP 2016561220 A JP2016561220 A JP 2016561220A JP WO2016084288 A1 JPWO2016084288 A1 JP WO2016084288A1
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- carbonate
- positive electrode
- secondary battery
- nonaqueous electrolyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- -1 carbonic acid compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- PMGBATZKLCISOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(F)(F)F PMGBATZKLCISOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 28
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- JMKJCPUVEMZGEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F JMKJCPUVEMZGEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009783 overcharge test Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPUOAJPGWQQRNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentoxybenzene Chemical compound CCCCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 HPUOAJPGWQQRNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenetole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008053 sultones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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Abstract
Description
正極1は、例えば金属箔等の正極集電体と、正極集電体上に形成された正極活物質層とで構成される。正極集電体には、アルミニウムなどの正極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。
負極2は、例えば金属箔等の負極集電体と、負極集電体上に形成された負極活物質層とを備える。負極集電体には、銅などの負極の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、銅などの負極の電位範囲で安定な金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。負極活物質層は、リチウムイオンを吸蔵・脱離可能な負極活物質の他に、結着剤を含むことが好適である。結着剤としては、正極の場合と同様にPTFE等を用いることもできるが、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体(SBR)又はこの変性体等を用いることが好ましい。結着剤は、CMC等の増粘剤と併用されてもよい。
セパレータ3には、イオン透過性及び絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータの材質としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィンが好適である。
非水電解質は、非水溶媒と、非水溶媒に溶解した電解質塩とを含む。非水溶媒は、フッ素化環状カーボネート及びフッ素化鎖状エステルを含み、フッ素化環状カーボネート及び前記フッ素化鎖状エステルの合計の含有量は、非水溶媒の総体積に対して、50体積%以上である。これにより、充電状態の電池が高温状態で保存されている場合や高温状態で電池の充電が継続される場合等の高温時において、非水溶媒の分解によるフッ酸の生成が抑制されるため、フッ酸と炭酸化合物との反応による炭酸ガス等の発生量が抑制される。
[正極の作製]
LiNi0.35Co0.35Mn0.3O2が95質量%、炭酸リチウムが1質量%、アセチレンブラックが3質量%、ポリフッ化ビニリデンが1質量%となるように混合し、当該混合物をN−メチル−2−ピロリドンと共に混練してスラリー化した。その後、正極集電体であるアルミニウム箔集電体上に当該スラリーを塗布し、乾燥後圧延して正極を作製した。
黒鉛が98質量%、カルボキシメチルセルロースのナトリウム塩が1質量%、スチレンーブタジエン共重合体が1質量%となるように混合し、当該混合物を水と共に混練してスラリー化した。その後、負極集電体である銅箔集電体上に当該スラリーを塗布し、乾燥後圧延して負極を作製した。
4−フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)と、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピオン酸メチル(FMP)とを体積比で15:85となるように調整し、この溶媒にLiPF6を1.2mol/lとなるように加えて非水電解質を作製した。この電解液100重量部に対して、ビニレンカーボネートを0.5重量部、プロペンスルトン1重両部を加えた。
正極にアルミニウム製の正極リードを溶接し、負極にニッケル製の負極リードを溶接した。こののち、正極と負極とセパレータ(厚み30μm)とを捲回して、捲回型の電極体を得た。得られた捲回型の電極体の上下面にそれぞれ絶縁板を配置し、有底円筒形の電池缶内に上記電極体を挿入し、正極リードを封口体に、負極リードを電池缶にそれぞれ溶接した。次いで、上記非水電解質を電池缶内に注液し、封口体を絶縁ガスケットを用いてかしめ固定して、円筒形のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。封口体には、図1に示されるような、防爆弁と電流遮断弁とを設けた。この電流遮断弁は、電池内圧が1.0MPaとなったときに作動して電流を遮断する。こうして、定格容量が2300mAh(1It時)の電池を作製した。実施例1では、非水電解質の注液量を2.24g/Ahとし、非水電解質の注液量/炭酸リチウム量を36.0とした。
非水電解質の注液量を2.54g/Ahとし、非水電解質の注液量/炭酸リチウム量を40.8としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に電池を作製し、実施例1と同様に電池を安定化させた。
非水電解質の注液量を2.64g/Ahとし、非水電解質の注液量/炭酸リチウム量を42.4としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に電池を作製し、実施例1と同様に電池を安定化させた。
非水電解質の注液量を2.77g/Ahとし、非水電解質の注液量/炭酸リチウム量を44.5としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に電池を作製し、実施例1と同様に電池を安定化させた。
電解液として4−フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)と、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピオン酸メチル(FMP)とエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)を体積比で15:40:45となるように調整した以外、非水電解質の注液量/炭酸リチウム量を40.8としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に電池を作製し、実施例1と同様に電池を安定化させた。
正極に炭酸リチウムを添加せず、また、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピオン酸メチル(FMP)に代えてエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に電池を作製し、実施例1と同様に電池を安定化させた。
正極に炭酸リチウムを添加せず、また、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピオン酸メチル(FMP)に代えてエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)を用い、非水電解質の注液量を2.54g/Ahとし、非水電解質の注液量/炭酸リチウム量を40.8としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に電池を作製し、実施例1と同様に電池を安定化させた。
3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピオン酸メチル(FMP)に代えてエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に電池を作製し、実施例1と同様に電池を安定化させた。
3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピオン酸メチル(FMP)に代えてエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)を用い、非水電解質の注液量を2.54g/Ahとし、非水電解質の注液量/炭酸リチウム量を40.8としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に電池を作製し、実施例1と同様に電池を安定化させた。
正極に炭酸リチウムを添加しないこと以外は、実施例1と同様に電池を作製し、実施例1と同様に電池を安定化させた。
正極に炭酸リチウムを添加せず、非水電解質の注液量(非水電解質量/電池容量)を2.54g/Ahとし、非水電解質の注液量/炭酸リチウム量を40.8としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様に電池を作製し、実施例1と同様に電池を安定化させた。
60℃の恒温槽内において、上記安定化させた電池を電圧4.35Vの定電圧で充電し続け、電流遮断弁が作動するまでの時間(トリクル充電時間)を以下の基準で評価した。電流遮断弁が作動するまでのトリクル充電時間が長いほど、高温保存時のガス発生量が抑えられていることを示している。
B:電流遮断弁が作動するまでのトリクル充電時間が100時間以上200時間未満
C:電流遮断弁が作動するまでのトリクル充電時間が100時間未満
<過充電試験>
25℃の環境下で、上記安定化させた電池を2300mAの定電流で充電し、電流遮断弁が作動するか、あるいは電池温度が130℃に達するまで充電を行い、電流遮断弁が作動した時の電池温度を測定した。
<実施例6>
上記正極(30×40mm)及び上記負極(32×42mm)に、それぞれリード端子を取り付けた。次に、正極及び負極がセパレータを介して対向するように電極体を作製し、当該電極体を4−フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)と、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピオン酸メチル(FMP)とを体積比で15:85となるように調整し、この溶媒にLiPF6を1.2mol/Lとなるように加え、この電解液100重量部に対して、ビニレンカーボネート0.5重量部とプロペンスルトン1重量部を加えた非水電解質を共にアルミニウムのラミネート外装体に封入した。こうして、設計容量が50mAhの非水電解質二次電池を作製した。作製した電池を0.5It(25mA)で、電圧が4.35Vになるまで定電流充電を行った。次に、電圧4.35Vの定電圧で電流が0.05It(2.5mA)になるまで充電した後、20分間放置した。その後、0.5It(25mA)で、電圧が2.5Vになるまで定電流放電を行った。この充放電を3サイクル行い、電池を安定化させた。
正極に炭酸リチウムを添加せず、また、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピオン酸メチル(FMP)に代えてエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)を用いたこと以外は、実施例6と同様に電池を作製し、実施例6と同様に電池を安定化させた。
3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピオン酸メチル(FMP)に代えてエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)を用いたこと以外は、実施例6と同様に電池を作製し、実施例6と同様に電池を安定化させた。
正極に炭酸リチウムを添加しないこと以外は、実施例6と同様に電池を作製し、実施例5と同様に電池を安定化させた。
放電容量測定後の電池を60℃にセットし、1C(=It)(50mA)、4.35Vで3日間充電を行った。その後、電池内に発生したガスの定量分析をガスクロマトグラフィーにより測定した。その結果を図2に示す。実施例6の電池のガス発生量は、比較例9の電池のガス発生量と同等であり、また、比較例7及び8の電池のガス発生量より低かった。すなわち、非水溶媒としてFEC/FMPを使用することで、高温保存時における溶媒の分解が抑えられるため、炭酸リチウムとフッ酸等の溶媒分解物との反応も抑制され、ガス発生量が低下したと考えられる。
2 負極
3 セパレータ
5 電池ケース
6 フィルター
6a 貫通孔
7 アウターガスケット
8 正極リード
9 負極リード
10 上部絶縁板
11 端子板
11a 開放部
12 サーミスタ板
13 防爆弁
14 電流遮断弁
15 インナーガスケット
16 下部絶縁板
17 溝部
18 金属板
19 封口板
30 非水電解質二次電池
Claims (6)
- 正極と、負極と、非水溶媒を含む非水電解質と、前記正極、前記負極及び前記非水電解質を収容する外装体と、前記外装体内部の圧力上昇に応じて電流を遮断する電流遮断機構と、を備える非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記正極は炭酸化合物を含み、
前記非水溶媒は、フッ素化環状カーボネートとフッ素化鎖状エステルとを含み、
前記フッ素化環状カーボネート及び前記フッ素化鎖状エステルの合計の含有量は、前記非水溶媒の総体積に対して、50体積%以上であることを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記非水電解質二次電池の電池容量(Ah)に対する前記非水電解質の質量は、2.2g/Ah以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記非水電解質の注液量/前記炭酸化合物量は35以上であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記フッ素化環状カーボネートの含有量は、前記非水溶媒の総体積に対して、3体積%〜20体積%であり、前記フッ素化鎖状エステルの含有量は、前記非水溶媒の総体積に対して、40体積%〜90体積%であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記フッ素化環状カーボネートは4−フルオロエチレンカーボネートを含み、前記フッ素化鎖状エステルは3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピオン酸メチルを含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記炭酸化合物が炭酸リチウムであることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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