JPS5944105A - Device for feeding to antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To feed effectively electricity to only required beams, by alternately connecting hybric couplers of each step of a Butler matrix for forming beams in the directions of row and line from the 1st step. CONSTITUTION:Each of hybrid couplers 12a of the 1st step of a Butler matrix 12 for forming horizontal beam is connected to the output of a flat array antenna 11 under a row-to-row condition and each of hybrid couplers 13a of the 1st step of a Butler matrix 13 for forming vertical beam is connected to the output under a line-to-line condition. When such arrangement is made, a feeding system to an antenna output of (8X8) is separated into four sets of (4X4). Then hybrid couplers 12b and 13b of the 2nd step are connected to the output of a certain set and the feeding system is separated into four sets of (2X2). When a desired antenna beam is fixed, outputs of prescribed sets of each step are combined at a prescribed phase difference at phase shifting and combining circuits 14a...14c.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a highly practical antenna power feeding device with a simple configuration capable of feeding power to a multi-beam planar array antenna with good total efficiency.

[Technical background of the invention and its problems]

Multi-beam planar array antennas play an important role as antennas for multi-function radars, satellites, etc., and technological development has been progressing in the past. Figure 1 shows a typical conventional planar array antenna and its feeding IK device 1.
-ik is a schematic diagram showing a planar play antenna 1 configured as a planar array with a plurality of antenna elements ""'11+1-1s to 1-mnk (M rows and XN columns).
are doing. However, to the output of this planar array antenna l, feeder circuits 2-1゜2-2 to 2-n for horizontal direction (row direction) beam formation are connected, and these feeder circuits 2-1
A power supply device for the multi-beam planar array amplifier 1 is configured by connecting power supply circuits J-1+3-2 to 3-m for vertical direction (column direction) beam formation to the outputs of 12-2 to 2-n. . Each of the above-mentioned feeder circuits 2 and 3 is for feeding power to a multi-beam antenna for so-called linear arrays.
Known configurations include the L-Luns supply circuit, the plus matrix bag supply circuit, and the Patra matrix supply circuit. Among them, the Patora matrix shown in Figure 2? /
@Electric circuits are attracting attention as lossless types.

As shown in FIG. 2, which shows an eight-terminal configuration, the above-mentioned Patora matrix power supply circuit has four hybrids (marked in the figure) having phase characteristics of 90° in the cross direction and 00 in the instantaneous connection direction. The first stage hybrid Kagura is composed of four fixed phase shifters (marked O in the figure) with a phase characteristic of 45°.Two hybrids and two hybrids with a phase characteristic of aπ and -8. configured with two fixed phase shifters
The first and second hybrid couplers 5 of the second stage
J+, 5b, and four third-stage hybrid Kagura 68 to 6d each equipped with a hybrid. A multi-beam full-former/) power supply device is realized by connecting such Patra matrix power supply circuits in a matrix in the horizontal and vertical directions (MxN).

However, in a power supply device constructed by joining baton matrices in a matrix shape, for example, when feeding power to a (NXN)"T" surface ray antenna, N' log2 Incidentally, a power supply device using a bra matrix requires two pJ cups 2 and a phase shifter.Therefore, the 174 components are large-scale and complicated. Although it is not necessarily necessary to use all the beams that fall on the (N
It was necessary to take measures such as matching and terminating unnecessary beam terminals in the feeder circuit. Moreover, matching and terminating unnecessary beam terminals in this way has the problem of poor dry power efficiency since the power supply circuit is also configured for the unnecessary beams. was.

[Purpose of the invention]

The present invention has been made in consideration of these circumstances, and its purpose is to improve power feeding efficiency and simplify the configuration by configuring only the power feeding circuit for the beam that is truly needed. The object of the present invention is to provide a highly practical antenna power feeding device that can provide the following functions.

[Summary of the invention]

The present invention provides a hybrid coupler for each stage of a baton matrix for column direction beam formation and a baton matrix for row direction beam formation for a planar array antenna.
The feed system is configured so that the outputs of a predetermined set of n-th stages are combined with a predetermined phase difference by connecting the stages alternately, and thereby efficiently feeding only the necessary beams. It was designed to do so.

〔Effect of the invention〕

Therefore, according to the present invention, since the outputs of unnecessary beam terminals can be appropriately combined with the necessary beam terminals, unnecessary power supply circuits are not formed, and therefore the configuration can be simplified and the power supply efficiency can be improved. be able to. Furthermore, according to the present invention, when the desired number of beams obtained by a (N
By adjusting the phase difference in output synthesis using the phase difference in the final stage, effects such as beam direction steering become possible can be achieved.

[Embodiments of the invention]

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 3 shows the schematic configuration of the embodiment device 1, in which (8X
A feeding device for a planar array antenna 11 having 61 rows of antenna elements of 8) is shown.

Therefore, the power supply device is constructed using a Patola matrix 12 for horizontal beam formation and a Patola matrix 13 for vertical beam formation, but here, a hybrid of each stage of each Patola matrix 12 and 13 is used. The couplers are connected alternately in order from the first stage.

That is, at the output of the planar array antenna 11, the baton matrix 1201
1 corresponds to the column and 11. The hybrid couplers 13m of the first stage of the Patra matrix 13 are connected to each output of these hybrid couplers 12a in a row-to-row manner. This is υ, the above (8×8)
The feed system for the antenna output of
It is divided into two groups. The hybrid coupler 12b of the second stage of the mJ baton matrix 12 is connected to the exit of the hybrid coupler 13a of the set, and the output of the hybrid coupler 12b is connected to the second stage of the second stage of the other patra matrix 13. A hybrid coupler 13b is connected thereto. As a result, the above set of (4x4) antenna feeding systems are
The antenna feed system is divided into two groups. Furthermore, among these pairs, the hybrid coupler 1 of the group consisting of
The third-stage hybrid coupler 12C of the Patola matrix 12 is connected to the output of 3b, and the third-stage hybrid cup 213c of the other Patola matrix 13 is connected to the output thereof.

Furthermore, for the (8x8) antenna beams that can be fed in the planar array antenna 11 equipped with the (8x8) antenna doublet, the desired antenna beam is 5.
jj 'When one is present, the unavoidable antenna beam feeding t' is stopped according to its specifications.The outputs of the hybrid cup '713a and 13b at each stage of mJ are output from the phase shift synthesis circuit 14a. , 14b, and 14C are each combined with one predetermined phase difference fitting. As a result, power can be efficiently supplied to only one desired antenna beam among the set of antenna beams corresponding to the set, with no freezing loss.

However, the antenna feeding device according to the present invention is different from the conventional one in which all the phase differences are given to the main elements and synthesized at once. As a result, unnecessary bag turtle-type km was created. Therefore, according to the present device having the entire composition system configured in this way, hybrid couplers are connected in cascade according to the desired number of beams K, and a predetermined phase difference is given to the output of a predetermined stage. Since it is only necessary to synthesize the phase shifter and the hybrid 2N
” It is only necessary to use n log2 Noah units, and the configuration can be greatly simplified.Moreover, there is no unnecessary power supply system, and there is no need to match and terminate all the element terminals, so the limited low power can be fully effective. This has many effects, such as making it possible to efficiently feed power to the antenna beam.

Moreover, by fully adjusting the phase difference between the element outputs in the synthesis stage, it is easy to steer the beam direction, and the effect is extremely large. Then, all the antenna beams that are really needed are accurately and
It has great practical effects such as being able to easily obtain VC (
t et al) Lru.

By the way, the baton matrix 12゜1 of the above-mentioned configuration 1
The antenna beam company algorithm according to 3 is given as follows. 4th Prisoner T Yu Antenna Element Evening I
It is assumed that the number of elements is s(N1×N2). Now, the matrix expressing the shape of the desired antenna beam can be expressed as follows: It is assumed that the element aij corresponding to is given as "0". In this case, the composition excluding the useless power supply system at each stage is expressed in the next step.

First, in the first step, if the element j of A is all "0", then the corresponding antenna array output (or hype output) kf:tL is terminated by -1, and the combination becomes a photon. However, if at least one of the elements aIj is represented by "1", the matrix A' is divided into two matrices A' and A'.
f. These matrices A', A' have q of 0.1
．． 2-”/, and then combine and distribute the antenna output or hybrid output for each row.
'= (xnl, Ni1/' +q) Here, to the above, ◯ corresponds to xo, and A' corresponds to X'. That is, the beam indicated by Ao can be synthesized using only the output terminal of Xo, and the beam indicated by A' can be synthesized using the output terminal of X'. In this discussion, the above symbol "+j" originally represents the arrangement of the antenna elements, but since the arrangement of the hybrid blades is also the same, the same symbol is used to indicate it. , the combination for column-wise beams is shown, and when all elements of Aj t are rOJ, its corresponding output Xj
Terminate all terminals of 1 and stop further synthesis.

Then, for the terminals that are not terminated, phase shifters are inserted according to the synthesis algorithm of the Patra matrix in the -dimensional array. The insertion pressure of this phase shifter will be described later. After that, beam combination in the row direction is performed as follows. First, the previously defined matrix AJH = 0.1) is transformed into two matrices ao 3
1. Break it down into A mountains. It is decomposed into two matrices, jt. Then, a hybrid is constructed which synthesizes and distributes these hybrid outputs column by column, and divides the hybrid outputs into two sets xJIt. When jt=00, x"' = [x 1.,] X"' = [xq+NxA, q]ix, jt
Let il, jt. Here, A corresponds to X.

After that, A””’ (i # j = 0.1)
Since ld takes the following three forms, the output terminal is processed depending on the form. First, h"J" = (0) % If all the elements are "0", the corresponding terminal
``'' and cancels the subsequent synthesis!tj. Also, if only one element of A1 is the moon, insert all the specified phase shifters into the corresponding terminals of X''ljl. , all the outputs are combined to obtain the desired antenna beam. However, the phase shift amount of the upper 6Q phase shifter will also be described later together with the phase amount in the beam combination in the column direction described above. In addition, if two or more elements among Ai and l jt are "1", A ke A%X' 1 r J I is imaged as Insert phase shifter. If A is a larger matrix than IXI, the above-described synthesis process is performed from the beginning in the next stage. In this way, beams are combined at each stage, and terminals corresponding to unnecessary antenna beams are combined sequentially at each terminal or with a predetermined phase difference, eliminating wasted power supply system. Prevents all generation.

By the way, the amount of phase shift involved in the above-mentioned beam combination, its transfer matrix, and the number of steering signals can be determined as follows. However, it is basically the same as that given by the Patra matrix for a one-dimensional array.

Now, if we pay attention to the outputs Xnl and n2 of the antenna element, ψ1. The play factor characteristic of the antenna beam steered in the direction ψ is denoted as n2ψ2)). However, the antenna element pitch d
is expressed as d=λ/2, and when f'L, 'P 1 = 2t
r-, cos/? °0°S door ψ2; 2π-cosθ・s
Let it be denoted by inφ λ. Here, the antenna beam is ψ1
．． Assuming that the steering is performed discretely in the ψ2 space, and is expressed as , the above-mentioned factor characteristics are expressed as . However, 1 2π (−) = exp(j −) N N . Therefore, the synthesis in the Patra matrix is
Ambuna boat with Xnt”zk output and 2 to Akl
Since it is possible to form an image with the transmission 11 equality between the beam bow 1 and the i output, it is sufficient to separate the glaze t'12. At each stage of this decomposition, the amount of phase shift between the hybrids mentioned above, the phase difference fcN-
It's better to have K than to give.

As described above, a set in each stage corresponding to the desired antenna is transmitted by inserting a predetermined phase shifter into the f output, and is combined by adding a predetermined phase difference. This makes it possible to configure an efficient power supply system without unnecessary elements. And 1i'j UI of its composition scale
'a' f: It becomes possible to achieve.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment f1j. An example of this is shown in FIG. 2 as a Patora matrix, but it is also possible to use one in which the input and output relationships are reversed. Further, in the embodiment, the final stage of the power supply system synthesizes the outputs of the previous stage by giving a phase difference to them, but unnecessary terminals may be sequentially trimmed using, for example, a Patra matrix. Further, the number of antenna elements, the number of stages of the hybrid coupler, etc. may be determined according to the specifications.

In summary, the present invention can be implemented with various modifications without departing from the gist thereof.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a conventional device, FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a Patra matrix, FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment of the device of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a matrix relationship of antenna (hybrid) outputs. 11... Planar array antenna, 72s p J 2
b+120... 7 of the row matrix
Effid coupler, l 3 a I l 3 b
, 13 C...71 of the Patra matrix in the row direction
Ibritz ° Kupura, 14a, 14b, 14c...
Phase shift synthesis circuit. Applicant's Representative Patent Attorney Takehiko Suzue Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 2 141!1 o5 Completion 1, -4 Commissioner of the Patent Office Kazuo Wakasugi ■, Indication of Case Patent Application No. 154805 1988 2, Name of the invention: Antenna power feeding device 3; Relationship with the amended case; Patent applicant (307): Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. 4; Agent

Claims (1)

[Claims] At the output of the planar array antenna arranged in a plurality of antenna elements ffi (M rows and XN columns), pipe lid couplers in each stage of a Patola matrix for row direction beam synthesis and a Patola matrix for column direction beam synthesis are used to combine all the row direction beams. The hybrid couplers in the first stage of the Patola matrix are connected alternately in the order of υ, and the outputs of the hybrid couplers in the nth stage of the column direction Patola matrix are synthesized by giving a predetermined phase difference. Antenna power feeding device featuring: