JPH10311577A - Building - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To permit a door, opened toward the inside of a room, to be left opened at any time and guarantee the non-smoke property of an emergency passage by a method wherein a ventilating device is arranged in a main vent duct to generate and maintain a ventilating pressure while the value of ventilating pressure is kept so as to be higher than that of a pressure, controlling ambient outdoor air. SOLUTION: A ventilating facility 12, provided in a building 10, is divided into three up-and-down ventilating divisions 14A, 14B, 14C in the vertical direction V while respective ventilating divisions 14A, 14B, 14C are provided with ventilating main ducts 16A-16C, arranged differently. In order to function the ventilating facility 12 in good order, a pressure, controlling the inside of the building 10, and especially, a pressure P1, controlling the inside of corridors 24, is preferable to be higher than a pressure P2, controlling ambient outdoor air, by a specified pressure difference ΔP at all times. In this case, the fluctuation of the pressure difference ΔP can be allowed within a predetermined range of limit of course. The pressure difference ΔP is favorable to be about 30 Pa.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to at least one ventilation main duct for transferring air to the surrounding ambient air, and on the one hand to connecting air to at least one said ventilation main duct and on the other hand to a building room. It relates to a building, such as a high-rise building, having a number of distribution passages, said chamber itself also connecting the air to the ambient air outside the building.

[0002] The present invention will be described below by taking a high-rise building as an example, but it should be noted that the present invention can be applied to a relatively low-rise building at this point.

[0003]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The comfort of a resident of a building depends, inter alia, on whether windows can be basically opened in the building to allow fresh air to flow into the room. . Especially in the spring, after long winters, when the window can be opened again and the work can be started, the feelings of life rise. However, in high-rise buildings, windows can only be opened under very limited conditions. This is because in high-rise buildings, in principle, extreme compression and suction flow conditions occur, which are conditioned on the one hand by external airflows and on the other hand by the thermodynamics of the interior of the building. Because there is.

Thus, particularly in high-rise buildings (but also in low-rise buildings), window ventilation can create a situation in which people occupying the building can be uncomfortable or harmful to the occupants. Can only be managed with high technology costs. For example, in the case of strong winds, a pressure differential between the room and the corridor may be so large that an averagely powerful person cannot open the door on the windward side of the building even with the windows closed.
The point that must be taken into account in this case is that the doors must be opened to the interior according to fire regulations in order to keep the corridor open as an escape route. In extreme cases, for example, in the event of a fire, this would essentially cut off the evacuation route for those staying in the room.

For this reason, high-rise buildings are generally provided with closed facades and artificial air supply and exhaust and conditioning equipment for the rooms. That is, fresh air is pumped into the room and dirty air is sucked out of the room. The well-known shortcomings of such buildings are generally summarized in the building industry by the buzzword “sick building syndrome”. The corridor and the room bordering the corridor are treated equally, so that the smoke generated by fire in a room spreads over the building corridor and reduces the exhaust of those who reside inside the building. At least significantly inhibits.

[0006] Various measures have already been taken to solve this problem. That is: For example, modern skyscrapers are built with double facades, not single facades. The role of the outer facade part in this case is to break down the wind force of the blowing wind, absorb the wind pressure and allow only a limited amount of air to enter the room. However, the intended effect was only partially exhibited even by the above means. This is because there is still a pressure difference between the windward and leeward sides of the building, which in extreme cases makes opening the door at least significantly more difficult (albeit relatively slight).

[0007] As an additional measure, the outer facade is equipped with a number of motor-operable flaps. The flap is opened and closed by the control unit in relation to the wind direction. Due to the opening of the flaps, the pressure generated by the wind blowing on the windward side of the building penetrates into the gap between the inner and outer facade parts and propagates along the gap over the entire building and thus the building The pressure difference between the leeward and leeward sides can be at least significantly reduced. However, this measure did not have the desired effect on all wind forces, so the doors were additionally equipped with a servomotor to assist the door opening movement. In order to be able to guarantee the use of motor-operated flaps and the use of door servomotors in the event of a fire in order to meet fire protection regulations, it is necessary to provide a correspondingly designed emergency current unit. is there.

[0008] A further disadvantage of the double facade is that the air located between the inner and outer facade parts is not drawn into the building room before it is drawn into the room.
It is significantly heated by sunlight. This heat supply is unpleasant, especially during the summer months, and requires the use of additional cooling devices.

As mentioned above, prior art buildings, and especially the ventilation systems of such buildings, require extensive architectural and design measures in order to be able to provide a comfortable indoor climate to the residents of the building. Requires technical and control technical means.

[0010]

The object of the present invention is therefore to improve a building of the type mentioned at the outset and to design and control the ventilation system of the building while simultaneously taking into account the technical problems of fire protection. Is simply to configure.

[0011]

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a building of the type described at the outset, wherein at least one ventilation main duct is provided for generating and maintaining a ventilation pressure. Is provided, and the value of the ventilation pressure is larger than the value of the pressure dominating the ambient outside air.

[0012]

In summary, in the building according to the present invention, an overpressure is generated by the ventilator which causes the airflow to flow from at least one ventilation main duct to the room through the distribution passage and directly from the room to the surrounding outside air. . in this case,
The pressure difference between the building internal pressure and the surrounding external pressure is 1
It is from 0 Pa to 80 Pa, especially about 30 Pa.

In the present invention, based on the fact that the flow direction of the airflow is opposite to that of the prior art building, when the room door is closed, the boundary of the corridor in the building corridor is established. Higher air pressure dominates than the room in contact. This firstly ensures that the doors which open into the room for fire protection technical reasons can be opened without any problems at any time.

When the door is opened into the room, this only enhances the fresh air supply to the room, and in extreme cases, creates a pressure equilibrium between the room and the corridor. The ventilator then serves to stabilize the total pressure to the pressure value specified for the corridor by temporarily increasing the pumping efficiency. When the door is closed again, the internal pressure of the chamber gradually falls again to a value intermediate between the corridor pressure and the ambient outside pressure.

When a window of a room is opened, in an extreme case, a pressure equilibrium occurs between the ambient outside air and the room. However, this pressure equilibrium is not a problem firstly from a safety technology point of view. The door can still be opened without any problem, since the pressure in the building corridor is guaranteed to be higher than the pressure prevailing in the surrounding open air. On the other hand, a slight increase in the pressure difference between the corridor and the room only increases the air flow through the room accordingly, to which the ventilation system reacts if necessary. To increase the pumping efficiency accordingly.

If the window is already open when opening the door leading into the room, or if the window is additionally opened with the door open, the pressure difference between the corridor and the surrounding outside air is based on the pressure difference. This creates a suction airflow in the room, which increases the air pumping work in response to the ventilator opening the doors and windows. After a short period of time, the doors and / or windows will be closed again, since said suction airflow will cause discomfort to those staying in the room. Due to the increased pumping work of the ventilator, the desired pressure relationship prematurely develops, and the ventilator then reduces its pumping work again.

When the door and the window are simultaneously opened on the windward side of the building, the blowing wind pressure propagates to the corridor.
Moreover, in any case, the expected overpressure is further increased in the corridor, so that the ventilator reduces the pumping work in response to the increase of the overpressure. Therefore, the other rooms bordering the corridor are not adversely affected. Gusts that blow into the corridor after passing through the room will also cause discomfort to those who stay inside the room, so the resident will not be disturbed unless the door is already closed by the gust of gust.
The door and / or window will be closed immediately. Also in this case, the desired pressure relationship is automatically reproduced.

With respect to fire protection technology as well, the direction of air flow from the corridor defined by the ventilator of the present invention through the room to the surrounding outside air is of particular importance. In other words, the number of fires in one building room is considerable. If smoke is generated by the fire, this smoke is pushed out of the room directly into the surrounding outside air in the building of the present invention,
It is rarely pushed out into the building corridor. Even if some smoke reaches the corridor when evacuating from the burning room, this smoke is again pumped from the corridor to the surrounding air through the adjacent room. In short, the building of the present invention guarantees smokeless evacuation routes.

[0019]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A control unit, for example, can be provided to increase or decrease the pumping work of the ventilator. The ventilation system of the present invention
In order that the measure of the overpressure to be maintained can be as small as possible, the proposal of the invention proposes that the exterior surface of the building and / or the distribution passage and / or at least one ventilation main duct be provided A pressure sensor is provided for detecting the air pressure that governs the part. For example, changes in pressure governing the surrounding air, that is, pressure changes due to general weather conditions (high pressure area, low pressure area), or pressure changes due to wind conditions (dynamic wind pressure) at each time Is detected by the pressure sensor. In this way, it is ensured, for example, on the windward side of the building that the internal pressure of the building has a higher value than the surrounding external pressure including the wind pressure.

Furthermore, according to the proposal of the invention, in order to refine the controllability, the building is divided into a plurality of ventilation zones, each ventilation zone having at least one ventilation main duct. . In this case, it is possible to provide ventilation zones which are separated from one another in the vertical direction and ventilation zones which are separated in the horizontal direction. Vertically separated ventilation zones, particularly in the case of high-rise buildings, make it possible to respond appropriately to a steady ambient pressure that decreases with increasing altitude. Horizontally separated ventilation zones allow different overpressures to be applied to the leeward and leeward sides of the building.

According to an embodiment of the invention, between the at least one distribution channel and the chamber which transfers the air to the distribution channel and / or between the at least one chamber and the surrounding ambient air, particularly preferably manually. An adjustable adjusting device is provided for changing the air flow cross section. The adjusting device for changing the air flow cross section has an ultimate minimum air flow cross section in consideration of building regulations regarding forced ventilation. With this adjustment device, the occupants of the room can individually adapt the supply of fresh air according to personal requirements and independently of the situation in the next room. The widening of the air flow cross section causes a temporary pressure drop in the bordering corridor, but only ultimately increases the pumping work of the ventilation system. The adjusting device arranged between the room and the surrounding outside air for changing the air flow cross section may be constituted by, for example, a window of the room.

If the regulating device for changing the cross section of the air flow has a non-return device, this means that, for example, when a gust of gust blows on the windward side of the building, the air is transferred from the surrounding outside air to the room. Alternatively, the transfer of air from the room into the associated distribution channel is at least difficult, if not completely prevented.

As can easily be taken from the above description, the distribution passage can be constituted by one corridor of the building. However, it is also possible for at least one distribution channel to be constituted by a special distribution shaft. It is also possible to use both solutions in parallel, for example, a normal office is supplied with fresh air via a corridor arranged in the office, while the fresh air is supplied from the same corridor. Possible meeting or consultation rooms are supplied with fresh air via special distribution shafts. The solution with a distribution shaft has the advantage that, although structurally slightly more expensive, it distributes fresh air evenly. Therefore, when ventilating a large office room, it is desirable to use a distribution shaft. The distribution shaft can be located in the ceiling cavity as well as in the floor cavity, or can be formed by the ceiling cavity and the floor cavity. It is also possible, for example, to arrange a conventional swirl outlet at the end of the distribution shaft.

In the building according to the invention, the problems which occur in the prior art building, due to the fact that the ventilation system creates an overpressure inside the building and thus defines the direction of air flow, are avoided. The inventive building can consist of a single facade.

In view of the effects of high wind speeds, at least a part of the windows of the building, in particular of the higher floors of high-rise buildings, is designed as box windows. In this case, it is advantageous if the outer window unit of the box window is constituted by a baffle glass plate, which is designed, for example, to have a void surrounding it. In this case, when the inside window unit of the box window is opened, the person who opens the window perceives the blowing of strong wind in the form of relatively weak airflow,
Wisely do not open the outer window unit. However, even if the outer window unit is still open, as can be seen from the foregoing, this does not disrupt the function of the entire ventilation system, and the strong airflow resulting from the opening of the outer window unit is not It only has a disadvantageous effect on one room.

In an embodiment of the invention, at least one ventilation main duct has a passage section extending through the ground. Since the ground typically has a higher temperature in the winter than ambient ambient air and in summer typically has a lower temperature than ambient ambient air, the air drawn into the building will have a passage extending through the ground. Since the section is heated in winter and cooled in summer, the heating or cooling energy is reduced and the heating or cooling cost is also reduced. This effect is further enhanced by arranging the heat exchanger in at least one passage section extending through the ground.

Following the passage of the passage section extending through the ground, the inhaled air is guided to each ventilation section or each level of the building via a passage section which extends substantially vertically, and The building that surrounds the aisle has a higher temperature in the winter (based on heating operation) and also in the summer (based on heating from solar radiation heat), so that Is heated in a vertical passage section. This heating imparts thermal lift to the air, i.e., inherent motion in the desired pneumatic direction. On the basis of this effect, furthermore, the ventilator can be temporarily shut off, in which case the supply of fresh air is maintained solely by the aforementioned thermal transfer action. Moreover, this thermal transfer effect can even cause undesirably high overpressures in the building. Thus, according to the invention, at least one ventilation main duct is provided with a throttle device for acting against a possibly excessively high ventilation pressure.
The ventilation and throttling devices are constituted by the same device, which acts as a blower during the pressurization operation and as a turbine during the throttling operation, for example one propeller unit, so that the ventilation device generates electricity during the throttling operation. It is even possible to use for

Further, in the present invention, at least one ventilation main duct is provided with a heating device and / or a cooling device. By providing such a centralized cooling / heating device, it is possible to design a non-centralized type, that is, a distributed type cooling / heating device (cooling / heating device), which is individually disposed in each room, at a relatively low output. This has an advantageous effect on the purchase cost of the distributed heating and cooling system.

Furthermore, the interior of the room and / or the distribution passage and / or
Alternatively, it is also possible to provide in at least one ventilation main duct a connection part for feeding air heated by an external heat source. Such an external heat source may be, for example, a greenhouse, a large laundry room, a large kitchen, etc., and the discharged air or waste air is introduced into the ventilation system directly or through a heat exchange device and / or a filter device. You. In any case, the air supply to the ventilation system performed with the introduction of heat from the external heat source raises the overpressure, and this overpressure increase finally reduces the output of the ventilator. It is corrected again.

The ventilation device can be located in a service area, for example a basement area of a building or a service level.

The main ventilation duct, especially its rising section,
It can be constituted by a special shaft of the building that is exclusively used for water supply and power supply purposes, or can be arranged in a special shaft of the building that is used exclusively for water supply and power supply purposes. The shaft is used not only for ventilation of the building, but also for guiding current cables, water pipes and the like.
The cross-sectional area of the ventilation main duct is at most 20 m ² , particularly preferably at most 10 m, in order to reduce the required space of the ventilation system as much as possible while taking into account sufficient ventilation of the building despite the space savings. ² The cross section of the ventilation main duct is optimized in relation to the size of the building, the desired air flow rate and the service space.

As described above, although the present invention has been described using a few high-rise buildings as an example, the embodiment described below also relates to one high-rise building. The scope of protection of the claims extends to buildings that are not high-rise buildings in their original sense according to the building codes, that is, buildings in which the top floor is located at a height level of less than 22 m. Things. Tall buildings, however, are particularly suitable for describing the present invention because of the already uneven pressure profile along the facade of the tall building in calm conditions, i.e. in steady state, as well as inside the building. In addition, the invention can be used to advantage in buildings where such a pressure profile is only caused by dynamic effects, for example, when wind is blown based on unfavorable geographical locations. Even in buildings where the pressure profile on the exterior surface is even, the invention can be used to extrude room air heated by e.g. computers and similar electrical equipment to the outside and along the sunfacing or southern facade. In order to prevent the heated outside air from entering the building, it can be implemented accordingly. The greatest effect of the present invention is that the overpressure ventilation system of the present invention can easily meet the requirements such as building regulations, whereas in the case of the prior art building, expensive technology is used. Only then could the above requirements be met. This is generally the case for high-rise buildings with a height of 50 m or more above the ground.

The power required to drive the ventilator is
It can be easily supplied by photoelectric devices. This alternative embodiment of the invention has the advantage of further simplifying the adjustment of the ventilation device. This is because, with the increase in solar irradiation, not only the ventilation demand but also the power supplied by the photoelectric device is increased, so that the energy supply to the ventilation device is always at a sufficient level. This is because that.

[0034]

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

The building indicated generally at 10 in FIG. The ventilation equipment 12 includes three ventilation zones 1 vertically arranged in the vertical direction V.
4A, 14B, and 14C. Each ventilation zone 14
A, 14B and 14C have three levels of the building 10 having a total of 9 stories, that is, levels 1F to 3F and 4F to 6F.
And 7F to 9F. Furthermore, each ventilation zone 1
4A to 14C have separate ventilation main ducts 16A to 1C.
6C is provided. In the illustrated embodiment, the ventilation zone 14A is used.
-14C are substantially equal. Therefore, in order to simplify the illustration, only the configuration of the ventilation zone 14A, the configuration of the ventilation main duct 16A disposed in the ventilation zone 14A, and the configuration of other devices disposed in the ventilation zone 14A will be described below. I will.

The main ventilation duct 16A has a rising section 16Aa and a suction section 16Ab which extend substantially vertically. In the embodiment shown, the suction section 16Ab
Extends through the ground 18, so that the inhaled air is heated in winter based on heat exchange with the ground 18 and cooled in summer. The heat exchange efficiency between the suction air and the ground 18 can be further increased by the heat exchanger 20 arranged in the suction section 16Ab.

The heated or cooled air, when flowing into the rising section 16Aa, usually has a lower temperature in winter and in the summer than in the building 10, so that the suction air is reduced to the rising section 16Aa. Heated inside. The suction air expands based on this heating,
Thereby, a lift is given to the suction air in the ascending section 16Aa. Therefore, based on this thermal effect, the arrow F
A pneumatic action in the direction of occurs. In the area of the upper end 16Ac of the ascending section 16Aa, the air is
Floors 7F, 8 assigned to main ventilation duct 16A
It gushes through the exit port 22 to the corridor 24 of F, 9F. In the corridor, a pressure is generated based on the air supply, and the pressure causes air to be conveyed through the overflow port 26 into the room 28 arranged in the corridor 24, and finally through the outlet port 30. It is sent back to the outside air U.

In the present invention, the building 10 is loaded with an overpressure inside the building for the purpose of ventilation, by which the fresh air supplied centrally is pumped through the corridor 24 into the room 28, and It is pushed back into the surrounding outside air. In essence, ventilation of the building 10 of the present invention is from inside to outside, as indicated, for example, by a plurality of bowed arcs of ventilation on level 5F.

In order for the ventilation system 12 to function in an orderly manner, the pressure governing the interior of the building, in particular the corridor 2
It is desirable that the pressure P1 dominating the inside 4 is always higher than the pressure P2 controlling the surrounding outside air U by the prescribed pressure difference ΔP. In that case, the pressure difference ΔP within a predetermined limit range
Is of course allowed. Advantageously, the pressure difference ΔP is about 30 Pa. In order to detect the prevailing pressure each time, a plurality of pressure sensors 32 are arranged in the corridor and on the outer wall of the building. Furthermore,
The ventilation main ducts 16A, 16B of the building 10
It is also possible to provide a pressure sensor (not shown) also in 16C and the chamber 28.

The pressure signal of the pressure sensor 32 is transmitted to a control unit 34, which controls the individual ventilation zones 14
It is checked whether the pressure difference ΔP of A to 14C is within a specified control range of, for example, ± 10 Pa. Ventilation main duct 1
6A to 16C (for example, 16A
If the thermal pneumatic action F in a) is insufficient to maintain the desired pressure difference ΔP, the control unit 34
Activates the ventilators 36A, 36B or 36C located on each ventilation main duct to increase the total air flow to a value sufficient to maintain the desired pressure difference ΔP. On the other hand, if the thermal pneumatic action F causes an excessively high overpressure in the building 10 due to extreme thermal circumstances, the control unit 34 causes the throttle valves 38A, 38
B, 38C are operated to reduce the thermal air flow accordingly.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the ventilator 3
6A-36C may also be used to reduce thermal airflow, for example, by using a turbine to convert a portion of the thermal airflow to electrical power, or by operating in countercurrent direction. it can.

The power required to operate the ventilation devices 36A, 36B, 36C is provided by the photoelectric device 37 in the embodiment shown in FIG. This photoelectric device can of course be integrated into the facade of the building 10 or arranged on the roof of the building 10. Ventilation demand and associated ventilation devices 36A, 3
As well as the energy demand for driving the 6B, 36C, the power supplied by the photoelectric device 37 is also increased with the increase in the irradiation of the sun rays, so that the ventilation devices 36A, 36B, 3
The adjustment of 6C can be at least simplified. This is because a sufficient supply of energy to the ventilation system is always ensured. In an advantageous case, the additional adjustment of the ventilation device can be omitted entirely, in which case the adjustment of the ventilation device is left exclusively to the sun.

Further, the ventilation main ducts 16A to 16C
Can also be provided with a centralized cooling and heating unit 40, whereby the suction air is comfortable for the people occupying the building 10 before entering the working or residential area of the building. Temperature is adjusted to a reasonable temperature. Individual temperature adaptation is also possible by disposing a decentralized (decentralized) cooling and heating device (not shown) in the room 28 and the corridor 24.

Furthermore, the ventilation system 12 according to the invention allows the introduction of air heated by an external heat source. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the building 10 includes a greenhouse 42, and the air in the greenhouse is heated based on the incidence of the sun rays S. The heated air is supplied to the valve device 44 if necessary.
Can be introduced into the rising section 16Aa of the ventilation main duct 16A. The actuation of the valve device 44 takes place in a decentralized manner, that is, in particular independently of the control unit 34, and is, for example, thermostatically controlled. In that case, it is ensured that the supply of an additional amount of air into the ventilation system does not impair the functioning of the ventilation system. This is because the pressure increase caused in the corridor and in the room by the additional air volume is detected by the pressure sensor 32 and the air flow through the corresponding ventilation main duct is reduced appropriately.
Although not shown in FIG. 1, the other ventilation zones 14B and 14C
It is also possible to provide a valve device corresponding to the valve device 44 also between the ventilation main ducts 16B and 16C and the greenhouse. As another external heat source, for example, a large kitchen or a laundry provided in a building can be considered, but in this case, it is desirable to additionally use a filter unit or a heat exchanger.

It should be noted that, as shown in FIG. 1, as shown in FIG. 1, all the large technical equipment necessary for operating the ventilation system 12 is located in the basement area K of the building 10. . However, it is also possible for at least some of the large technical equipment to be located in the service area of the tier or in the entire service tier. Such a configuration is particularly advantageous in the case of a skyscraper, in which the thermal pneumatic action can be completely eliminated and fresh air is located below the ventilation system suction port. Pumped into the ventilated area.

In the building 10 shown in FIG. 1, the ventilation equipment 12 is divided into three ventilation zones 14A to 14C which are arranged vertically one above the other. Thereby, for example, an event that the pressure P2 governing the surrounding outside air U decreases with an increase in the altitude from the ground 18 is considered. In order to obtain a predefined pressure difference ΔP, the pressure P1 in the ventilation zone 14A is therefore sufficiently lower than the internal pressure in the ventilation zone 14C. However, the pressure P2 of the ambient outside air U also depends on the wind conditions. For example, on the windward side of the building 10, an external pressure P2 higher than on the leeward side of the building is dominant. For example, it is possible to address the aforementioned hydrodynamic effect by dividing the building into a plurality of ventilation zones which are separated from one another in the horizontal direction. In order to detect an external pressure situation, it is possible to arrange a number of pressure sensors 32 corresponding to a desired detection accuracy on the outer surface of the facade of the building 10.

In the schematic diagram of FIG. 2, the room structure of one room 28 of the building 10 of the present invention is illustrated. Room 2
8 has a window unit 50 and a door 52, and also has the overflow port 26 and outlet port 30 already described.

The overflow port 2 through which air can enter the room 28 from the corridor 24 even when the door 52 is closed.
6 is provided in the area of the slide gate device 54,
3 and 4 show the structure of the slide gate device.
This will be described below based on

A guide 56 for guiding a slide 58 is mounted on the wall 28a of the chamber 28. Slide 58
It can be adjusted manually by a person staying in the chamber 28 operating the actuator 58a. Slide 58 is on wall 2
8a has a plurality of through-holes 58b corresponding to the overflow port 26, and the through-hole is moved to a position that does not overlap with the overflow port 26, arbitrarily partially overlaps, or completely overlaps. Can be adjusted steplessly.
In FIG. 3, the overflow port 26 and the through-hole 58b are at positions where they do not overlap with each other. In short, the slide gate device 54 is in the closed position. Thus, a person residing in the room 28 can personally adapt the fresh air supply from the hallway 24 to the room 28 to personal requirements.

The slide 58 is provided with a plurality of perforations 58c in order to satisfy the building regulations that always require the minimum forced ventilation even when the chamber 28 is in a closed state, and the perforations are provided by a slide gate device 54.
In the closed state, air can flow from the corridor 24 to the room 28 via the overflow port 26. Further, the slide gate device 54 includes a check flap valve 60 that allows air flow from the corridor 24 into the room 28, but blocks air flow from the room 28 to the hallway 24 (see FIG. 4).

The window unit 50 can be used as a sliding box window according to FIG. 2, although a window type such as a double-opening wing box window, a single sliding window, a single-opening wing window or the like can be used. It is configured. In the embodiment shown, both the inner box window unit 50a and the outer box window unit 50b can be opened to any width, so that the person staying in the room 28 can adapt the ventilation conditions to the personal requirements by the window unit 50 as well. Can be done.

The outer box window unit 50b is configured as a baffle glass plate, that is, the outer box window unit has a plurality of openings 50c in the area of the window frame or in the glass plate itself. Now, for example, if the inner box window unit 50a is opened during a strong storm, as a result of the storm, a clearly perceivable air flow is injected through the opening 50c of the outer box window unit 50b. He notices that there is an unusual situation, and stops thinking of opening the outer box window unit 50b. Further, an exit port 30 is provided in the area of the window unit 50 in consideration of the architectural regulations, which guarantees a minimum air flow to the surrounding outside air.

It should be noted that the door 52 can be used to adapt the airflow in the room 28 to the personal requirements of the occupants of the room.

As can be seen from the above description, the ventilation system 12 of the present invention imposes minimal architectural requirements. This is because the ventilation system of the present invention eliminates the double facade, which is regarded as an absolute necessity in high-rise buildings, and allows for further centralization of large technical equipment required for operation. is there. In addition, the ventilation system 12 according to the invention is simple in construction, in particular in terms of regulation. The actual adjustment of the ventilation condition, whether by opening and closing windows and doors or by actuation of the slide gate device 54, is operated by one's own hands resident in the room 28 of the building 10. Taking on this adjustment task, however, does not seem disadvantageous to the resident, but rather to the contrary a very advantageous one. This is because the residents themselves can adapt the ventilation to their personal requirements. The ventilation system was defined for the ventilation system by adjusting the air supply to the ventilation system so as to maintain the desired pressure difference ΔP between the internal pressure P1 and the external pressure P2 in each ventilation system. It only responds to conditions. For this purpose, the control unit 34 of the ventilation system 12 simply requires the detection signals of a few pressure sensors 32.

As described below, the ventilation equipment 1 of the present invention
A further advantage of the two is that extreme ventilation conditions in individual rooms 28 set by misoperation or negligence or deliberately
This is a point that cannot adversely affect the operation of the entire ventilation system 12. That is: if the room door is opened with the window closed, this firstly increases the air supply to the room, resulting in a slight pressure drop in the corridor. However, this pressure drop is detected by a pressure sensor and the pumping efficiency of the partial ventilation system feeding the corridor is correspondingly increased in order to re-establish the desired pressure difference between the corridor and the surrounding air. Can be If the door is left open, a pressure compensation between the room and the corridor will take place, ultimately to the desired pressure value for the ventilation zone. When the door is closed again, the pressure in the room is gradually adjusted to a value between the desired internal pressure P1 and the external pressure P2.

If the window is opened with the door closed, a pressure compensation between the ambient outside air and the chamber takes place, so that the amount of air passing through the overflow port 26 is only slightly increased. . Even if a gust blows into the room, it has virtually no effect on the air pressure P1 governing the corridor, due to the restricting action of the overflow port 26. If the slide gate device 54 is further equipped with a non-return flap valve 60, the gust will never affect the pressure state in the hallway.

When the doors and windows are open, there is a constant flow of air from the hallway to the surrounding air through the room.
The amount of air led to the surrounding outside air by this ventilation flow is replenished by the ventilation equipment 12, so that the pressure difference ΔP is maintained.

If a gust blows into the room when the door is open and the window is open, the gust may continue into the corridor. In any case, however, the gust increases the pressure in the corridor, but the ventilation system reacts to this pressure increase and the pumping rate is reduced accordingly. Therefore, the gust does not adversely affect the adjacent room. Since the door 52 is opened into the room for fire protection technology reasons, it is highly probable that the door 52 will be closed by a gust.

Incidentally, the ventilation system of the present invention is designed so that if all the doors and all the windows are intentionally opened at the same time, even if the ventilation system is operated at the maximum pumping output, the building 10
The desired overpressure cannot be maintained within. However, under the above conditions, a sufficient fresh air supply from the surrounding outside air to the corridor via the room is guaranteed. However, extremely extreme,
Not all possible ventilation situations need to be taken into account technically. This is because by closing at least a portion of the doors and windows, the desired overpressure automatically reappears in the building 10.

FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b) and FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (a),
7 (b) and FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b) schematically illustrate different ways of distributing the supplied fresh air from the rising section of the ventilation main duct to the various chambers.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, this fresh air distribution is performed as described for the building 10 described with reference to FIGS.
The air supplied from the ventilation main duct 16A reaches the corridor 24 through the outlet port 22, and the corridor functions as a distribution passage in this embodiment. From the corridor, air enters the room 28 via the overflow port 26 and then exits the room again via the outlet port 30. As shown in FIG. 5B, the overflow port 26 can be provided near the floor and the ceiling, or at any intermediate position between the floor and the ceiling. 5 (a), a staircase 62 and a front room 64 with an elevator 66 and a separate supply shaft 68 are connected to the corridor 24. In the corridor 24, only one ventilation main duct 16A is provided.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, air flows from the ventilation main duct 116A to the overflow port 1A.
Through the passage 22, it reaches the distribution passage 170, shown in dashed lines, from which it flows through the overflow port 126 into the chamber 128. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6A, the corridor 124 has two distribution passages 170, also called distribution shafts,
170 'is provided, and both distribution passages are supplied with air from separate ventilation main ducts. In short, two ventilation main ducts are provided in the corridor 124. Conference room 128 'has two overflow ports 126
The air is supplied via. According to FIG. 6 (b), the corridor 124 is also supplied with air from the distribution passages 170, 170 'and via the outlet port 172 (FIG. 6b).
reference). The embodiment shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B in other respects, and therefore, redundant description will be omitted.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, fresh air to be supplied is supplied from the ventilation main duct 216A to the outlet port 222 and the distribution passage (distribution shaft) 27.
0, via a tap conduit 274 and a conventional swirl outlet 276, directly into the large office 228. Other details of the embodiment of FIG. 7 can be easily deduced from the description of the embodiment shown in FIG.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing a cross section of a building of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of one room of the building of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of an elliptical box A in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an elliptical box A taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view (a) of a layer portion of a building of the present invention and an end view (b) of the layer portion viewed in the direction of arrow V.

FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view (a) of a hierarchical portion of a building of the present invention and an end view (b) of the hierarchical portion as viewed in the direction of arrow VI.

FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view (a) of a hierarchical portion of a building of the present invention and an end view (b) of the hierarchical portion viewed in the direction of arrow VII.

[Description of Signs] 10 Building, 12 Ventilation Equipment, Ventilation Zone, 16A, 16B, 16C Ventilation Main Duct,
16Aa ascending section, 16Ab suction section,
16Ac, the upper end of the ascending section, 18 ground,
20 heat exchanger, 22 outlet port, 24
Corridor, 26 overflow port, 28 rooms, 28a
Wall, 30 outlet ports, 32 pressure sensors,
34 control units, 36A, 36B, 36C Ventilation devices, 37 photoelectric devices, 38A, 38B, 38C
Throttle valve, 40 centralized cooling / heating unit,
42 greenhouse, 44 valve device, 50 window unit, 50a inner box window unit, 50b outer box window unit, 50c opening, 52 door, 54 slide gate device, 56 guide, 58 slide, 58a actuator, 58b
Through hole, 58c perforation, 60
Check flap valve, 62 staircase room, 64 front room,
66 elevators, 68 separate feed pits,
116A ventilation main duct, 122 overflow port, 124 corridor, 126 overflow port, 1
28 rooms, 128 'meeting room, 170, 17
0 'distribution passage, 172 outlet port, 216
A Ventilation main duct, 222 outlet port, 22
8 large space office, 270 distribution passage, 274
Tap conduit, 276 swirl outlet, F Arrow indicating thermal pneumatic direction or action, U ambient air, ΔP pressure difference, P1 pressure or internal pressure dominating corridor, P2 pressure prevailing in ambient air Or external pressure, S sunlight, K basement area

Claims (24)

[Claims] At least one ventilation main duct (16A, 16B, 1) for transferring and connecting air to ambient outside air (U).
6C; 116A; 216A), while allowing air to flow through at least one of said ventilation main ducts (16A, 16B, 1).
6C; 116A; 216A) and, on the other hand, the multiple distribution passages (24; 170, 170 '; 27) which connect to the building chambers (28; 128, 128'; 228).
0) in a building, such as a high-rise building, of the type in which said room itself also connects the air to the surrounding atmosphere of the building, at least one ventilation main duct (16A, 16B, 16C; 116A; 216A). The ventilator (36A,
36B, 36C), wherein the value of the ventilation pressure (P1) is larger than the value of the pressure (P2) governing the ambient outside air (U). 2. The building according to claim 1, wherein a control unit is provided for controlling the operation of the ventilators (36A, 36B, 36C). 3. A pressure for detecting the air pressure governing each part on the outer surface of the building (10) and / or in the distribution passage (24) and / or the at least one ventilation main duct (16A, 16B, 16C). Sensor (3
3. The building according to claim 1, wherein 2) is provided. 4. The building (10) is divided into a plurality of ventilation zones (14A, 14B, 14C), and each ventilation zone has at least one ventilation main duct (16A, 14A, 14B, 14C).
16B, 16C) is provided. 4. A building according to claim 1, wherein the building is provided. 5. Between and at least one distribution passage (24) and a chamber (28) for transferring air to the distribution passage.
Or an adjusting device (54, 5) for changing the air flow cross section between the at least one chamber (28) and the ambient outside air (U).
5. The building according to claim 1, wherein 0) is provided. 6. An adjusting device (54, 50) for varying the air flow cross section is provided with an ultimate minimum air flow cross section (58).
6. The building according to claim 5, comprising (c, 30). 7. An adjustment device (54) for changing the cross section of the air flow, comprising a check which at least makes it difficult to transfer air from the ambient outside air into the room or from the room into the associated distribution passage (24). Building according to claim 5 or 6, comprising a device (60). 8. The at least one distribution passage is formed by a corridor (24) of the building (10).
A building according to any one of the preceding claims. 9. The building as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one distribution passage is formed by a special distribution shaft (170, 170 '; 270). 10. The building as claimed in claim 1, wherein the building has a single facade.
Building described in section. 11. The building according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the rooms has an openable window. 12. At least one of the buildings (10)
12. The building according to claim 1, wherein one of the windows is configured as a box window. 13. The building according to claim 12, wherein the outer window unit (50b) of the box window (50) is constituted by a baffle glass plate. 14. The air duct according to claim 1, wherein the at least one ventilation main duct has a passage section extending through the ground. The described building. 15. The building according to claim 14, wherein a heat exchanger (20) is arranged in at least one passage section (16Ab) extending through the ground (18). 16. At least one ventilation main duct (16A, 16B, 16C) is provided with a throttle device (38A, 38B, 38C) for acting against the formation of a possibly excessively high ventilation pressure. 16. The building according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the building is constructed. 17. The ventilation and throttling device according to claim 16, wherein the ventilation device and the throttling device are constituted by the same device as a blower during a pressurizing operation and as one propeller unit serving as a turbine during a throttling operation. Equipment. 18. The device according to claim 1, wherein at least one ventilation main duct (16A, 16B, 16C) is provided with a heating device (40) and / or a cooling device (40). A building according to any one of the preceding claims. 19. A connecting part (44) for feeding air heated by an external heat source (42) is provided in a room and / or in a distribution passage and / or in at least one ventilation main duct (16A). Claims 1 to 1
A building according to any one of the preceding claims. 20. Ventilation device (36A, 36B, 36C)
Is located within a service area, such as a basement area (K) or a service level of the building. 21. A ventilation main duct (16A, 16B,
21. Building according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional area of 16 C) is at most 20 m ² . 22. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of the building is at least 25 m.
Building described in section. 23. The pressure difference between the internal pressure of the building and the external pressure of the surroundings is 10 Pa to 80 Pa.
The building according to any one of the above. 24. Ventilation device (36A, 36B, 36C)
And a photoelectric device (37) for generating the current necessary to drive the ventilation system.
The building according to any one of claims 3 to 7.