JP4526174B2 - High-rise apartment house and pressurized smoke prevention method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a high-rise apartment house in which safety at the time of a fire is ensured and a pressurized smoke prevention method used for the high-rise apartment house.
[0002]
[Prior art]
High-rise apartments are required to be safe in the event of a fire, that is, a building that can safely evacuate in the event of a fire.
[0003]
And in order to ensure the safety at the time of evacuation, it is necessary for the hallway, ancillary room, elevator shaft, etc. to have the following conditions.
[0004]
1. Hallway: Residents in the fire room and other residents on the fire floor can escape to the stairs for evacuation. Prevent smoke from entering the hallway from the fire room. There should be no door opening and closing problems. The flow of smoke and the evacuation direction of residents are reversed.
[0005]
2. Annex: No smoke should enter the annex. There are no obstacles to opening or closing the doors of the annex. Even when the smoke evacuator stops, the pressure difference is maintained and the safety in the attached room can be secured.
[0006]
3. Elevator shaft: Smoke should not enter the elevator shaft to prevent smoke leakage to other floors. Do not allow smoke to enter the elevator shaft when the cage is moving.
[0007]
4). Other: Evacuation to the stairs for evacuation is possible in a passage other than the entrance of the dwelling unit.
[0008]
On the other hand, there is an increasing demand for beauty in the exterior of buildings from the viewpoint of producing a high-class feeling. For this reason, from a high-rise apartment house with an outer corridor arranged outside the building, a high-rise apartment house with a central corridor in the center of the building is becoming mainstream.
[0009]
As a pressurized smoke prevention system for such a high-rise apartment in the middle corridor type, there is one shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-145176).
[0010]
In the above configuration, a part of the inner corridor 70 is partitioned by the fire door 72, so that the auxiliary room 74 is formed between the inner corridor 70 and the evacuation stairs 78. A smoke exhaust port 75 is provided at an important point of the inner corridor 70, and forced smoke exhaust is performed through the smoke exhaust duct 76 in the event of a fire.
[0011]
The emergency elevator lobby 82 is provided with a pressurized air supply duct 84. In the event of a fire, the pressurized air supply fan operates simultaneously with the smoke exhaust fan, pressurizing the emergency elevator lobby 82, and the ceiling chamber. By supplying air to the ancillary room 74 through 84, the inflow of smoke from the inner corridor 70 to the ancillary room 74 is prevented.
[0012]
In this pressurized smoke prevention system, it is considered that the above-mentioned conditions for ensuring safety at the time of evacuation are almost satisfied. However, since the auxiliary room 74 is disposed in the middle of the corridor 70, for example, in the daily life, the dwelling unit 80A When the resident goes to the dwelling unit 80B, the user has to open and close the four fire doors 72 or go around the inner corridor 70.
[0013]
In addition, there are only two places in the direction of the arrow to access the stairs 78 for evacuation, and there is a possibility that residents may stay in front of the fire door 72.
[0014]
Furthermore, if a smoke exhaust fan and a pressurized air supply fan are operated at the same time during a fire, there is a possibility that the balance of the pressure difference will be lost and the smoke leakage from the fire room to the corridor will be promoted.
[0015]
Further, in order to prevent smoke from leaking to other floors, no contrivance is made so that smoke does not flow into the elevator shaft, and further, evacuation to the evacuation stairs 78 is not possible in a passage other than the entrance 90 of the dwelling unit.
[0016]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above facts, it is an object of the present invention to provide easy access to the stairs for evacuation, no smoke leakage from the fire chamber, and no smoke flowing into the elevator shaft.
[0017]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention described in claim 1 includes a core portion in which an evacuation staircase and an emergency elevator are disposed in the central portion. A corridor circulates around the outer periphery of the core, and residents of a plurality of dwelling units arranged outside the corridor can move between the dwelling units at the shortest distance using the corridor. Become.
[0018]
Thus, by providing a corridor in the center of the building, it is possible to freely design the outer periphery of the building and produce a high-class feeling.
[0019]
On the other hand, a supplementary room adjacent to the corridor is provided in the core part. This ancillary room is supplied with air and supplied with pressure in the event of a fire. Further, the smoke exhausting means is disposed so as to face the attached room with the core portion interposed therebetween, and the smoke exhausting means is located away from the attached room. In the event of a fire, the exhaust means is activated to exhaust the smoke from the corridor.
[0020]
In this configuration, the corridor is supplied through the ancillary room when smoke is exhausted from the corridor, so that there is no obstruction of the entrance door of the dwelling unit, and no leakage from the fire room is promoted. In addition, the annex is pressurized and the leakage to the annex is eliminated, and the smoke flows to the opposite side of the annex, so the smoke flow and evacuation direction are reversed, and residents can escape safely to the evacuation stairs. It is done.
[0021]
Even if the smoke exhausting means stops, the safety in the attached room can be secured by maintaining the pressure difference with the air supply means.
[0022]
Furthermore, by arranging the core part so that the smoke exhaust means face each other and away from the attached room, it is possible to efficiently exhaust the smoke in the corridor and minimize the spread of the smoke To the limit.
[0023]
In the second aspect of the present invention, an air passage connecting the corridor and the outside world is provided on each floor. For this reason, even if the smoke exhausting means is stopped, the smoke exhausting function is not lost. Also, smoke is released on the fire floor, so it does not affect other floors.
[0024]
In the invention of Claim 3, the balcony which can evacuate between adjacent doors is provided in the dwelling unit. For this reason, even if a fire occurs near the entrance, it is possible to evacuate from the balcony through the adjacent door.
[0025]
In the invention described in claim 4, there is provided shaft air supply means for supplying air to the elevator shaft from both sides of the uppermost floor and the lowermost floor. Thus, by supplying air from the top and bottom of the elevator shaft and making the inside of the elevator shaft a positive pressure, smoke does not flow into the elevator shaft due to a pressure change caused by raising and lowering the cage.
[0026]
In the invention according to claim 5, when the fire detection means detects a fire, the first control means activates the air supply means on the fire floor based on the detection signal from the fire detection means. Thereby, first, the attached room and the corridor are pressurized, and smoke leakage from the fire room is prevented.
[0027]
Next, when the smoke detection means detects smoke in the corridor, the second control means activates the smoke exhaust means of the corridor on the fire floor based on the detection signal from the smoke detection means. Thereby, the smoke in the corridor is exhausted.
[0028]
Thus, since the air supply route is secured by not simultaneously operating the air supply means and the smoke exhausting means at the same time as the fire detection, there is no risk of promoting smoke leakage from the fire room by the smoke exhausting means. .
[0029]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a high-rise apartment house according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0030]
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the high-rise apartment building 10 according to the present embodiment gives a degree of freedom to the architectural plan and emphasizes the appearance of the building, and has a large upper portion. Therefore, the balcony 12 provided in the outer peripheral portion is discontinuous in the vertical direction, and it is difficult to evacuate from the balcony 12 to the upper and lower floors.
[0031]
A core portion 18 is provided at the center, and an evacuation staircase 60 and an emergency elevator 22 are provided. In addition, an auxiliary chamber 16 is provided at the corner portion of the core portion 18 so as to be opposed thereto. This ancillary chamber 16 is adjacent to the corridor 14 that goes around the outer periphery of the core 18. In this configuration, it is not necessary to partition the corridor 14 with a fire door and to provide the auxiliary chamber 16, so that the fire door is unnecessary. Therefore, the equipment cost can be reduced.
[0032]
The corridor 14 and the elevator hall EH are not provided with fire doors, and the residents of the eight dwelling units 20 arranged outside the corridor 14 can use the corridors 14 without opening or closing the fire doors. It can move freely between the dwelling units at a distance, and the corridor 14 can be used as an evacuation passage.
[0033]
In addition, a leak damper 24 is provided on the wall that partitions the ancillary room 16 and the corridor 14. Further, an air supply port 26 is provided below the wall surface of the ancillary chamber 16, and pressurized air is supplied from the air supply fan 30 through the air supply duct 28. For this reason, the auxiliary room 16 does not require a smoke exhaust facility. For this reason, a duct space and a smoke exhauster are unnecessary, and the generator capacity of the entire building can be reduced. Moreover, since the leak damper 24 flows the air leaking from the ancillary room 16 to the corridor 14 so as not to generate turbulent flow, the smoke in the corridor 14 is disturbed and the lower end height of the smoke is not set to 1.8 m or less.
[0034]
A smoke exhaust port 32 is provided on the ceiling of the corridor 14. A smoke exhaust duct 34 is connected to the smoke exhaust port 32, and smoke in the corridor 14 is exhausted to the outside through the smoke exhaust port 32 by operating a smoke exhaust fan 36 disposed on the roof.
[0035]
The smoke exhaust port 32 is disposed in the vicinity of the corner portion of the core portion 18, that is, opposed to the core portion 18 therebetween, and is disposed so as to face the entrance of the auxiliary chamber 16. Thereby, the airflow which goes to the smoke exhaust port 32 from the attached room 16 generate | occur | produces, and diffusion of smoke is prevented. Further, the number of smoke outlets 32 can be reduced.
[0036]
Further, in the elevator hall EH, bypass dampers 38 connected to the outside world are provided on each floor, and connect the corridor 14 to the outside world. Thereby, when the smoke exhaust fan 36 breaks down, the smoke exhaust function of the corridor 14 is secured. Further, the smoke exhaust port 32 is closed when the smoke temperature reaches 280 ° C. or higher, and the smoke fills the corridor 14 and hinders digestive activity. However, by providing the bypass damper 38, the smoke in such a state is provided. Can be controlled.
Furthermore, the balcony 12 which connects between adjacent doors is arrange | positioned at the corner | angular part of the outer peripheral wall of the dwelling unit 20. As shown in FIG. For example, the balcony 12 guarantees evacuation through a neighboring door even if a fire occurs near the entrance.
[0037]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, air supply ducts 42 and 44 are arranged on the uppermost floor and the lowermost floor of the elevator shaft 40, and in the event of a fire, the air supply fans 46 and 48 supply air from above and below, The inside of the elevator shaft 40 is set to a positive pressure. Thereby, smoke does not flow into the elevator shaft 40 due to a pressure change caused by raising and lowering the cage 50.
[0038]
Next, the pressurized smoke prevention method used for the high-rise apartment building according to this embodiment will be described.
[0039]
As shown in FIG. 5, each dwelling unit 20 is provided with a fire detector 62 and outputs a signal to the controller 64 when smoke or abnormal heat is detected. The ceiling of the corridor 14 is provided with a smoke detector 66 and a temperature sensor 65 that detects the temperature of the smoke, and outputs a signal to the control unit 64 when smoke is detected.
[0040]
Here, the procedure of pressurized smoke prevention will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
[0041]
When a fire occurs in the dwelling unit 20, a fire signal is output from the fire detector 62 to the control unit 64 in step 100. In step 102, the control unit 64 drives the air supply fan 30 to supply fresh air to the chamber 16. Then, the corridor 14 is pressurized through the leak damper 24 from the ancillary chamber 16 that has become positive pressure.
[0042]
Thus, by preferentially pressurizing the ancillary room 16 and the corridor 14 serving as an evacuation route, an evacuation route is secured, and there is no possibility of promoting smoke leakage from the fire room.
[0043]
Further, the control unit 64 drives the air supply fans 46 and 48 so as to make the inside of the elevator shaft 40 have a positive pressure, so that smoke does not flow into the elevator shaft 40.
[0044]
Next, in step 104, it is determined whether or not the smoke detector 66 has detected smoke. If the determination is affirmative, a smoke signal is output to the control unit 64. In step 106, the control part 64 drives the smoke exhaust fan 36, and discharges the smoke of the corridor 14 outside. At this time, since the air supply route has already been secured, the airtightness is increased and there is no occurrence of an obstacle for opening and closing the entrance door. Further, smoke is not actively sucked and diffused from the fire room to the corridor 14.
[0045]
When the temperature sensor 65 detects that the temperature of the smoke layer has reached 280 ° C. or higher, the control unit 64 closes the fire damper of the smoke outlet 34 and controls the smoke with the bypass damper.
[0046]
Further, the smoke exhaust amount, the air supply amount, the opening area of the leak damper, and the opening area of the bypass damper are determined by setting the door differential pressure condition based on the flow smoke flow analysis as shown in FIG. In addition, it is necessary to change the smoke flow analysis conditions because the time during which the glass in the fire room is broken by heat differs depending on the summer and winter seasons.
[0047]
The smoke outlet is closed when the smoke temperature reaches 280 ° C. or more for the following reason.
[0048]
That is, if a normal fireproof damper (damper closed at 72 ° C.) is installed, the fireproof damper closes at the temperature of the smoke before the fire comes out in the event of a fire, and smoke is not exhausted. Therefore, the set temperature of the temperature fuse of the fireproof damper is increased from 72 ° C. to 280 ° C. so that smoke can be exhausted so that it can withstand a certain smoke temperature. Then, when the fire progresses further, the smoke exhaust port is closed to prevent the fire from spreading to other floors where the duct is closed.
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is configured as described above, access to the stairs for evacuation is safe and easy. Thus, there is no leakage from the fire room and no smoke flows into the elevator shaft.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of a high-rise apartment house according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a high-rise apartment house according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a front perspective view in which a part of a high-rise apartment house according to the present embodiment is cut.
FIG. 4 is a front view of the high-rise apartment house according to the present embodiment, partly cut away.
FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing the arrangement of sensors in a high-rise apartment house according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a pressurized smoke prevention method at the time of a fire in a high-rise apartment house according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a flow analysis flow of smoke.
FIG. 8 is a plan view of a conventional high-rise apartment building.
FIG. 9 is a front view in which a conventional high-rise apartment is partially cut.
[Explanation of symbols]
12 Balcony 14 Corridor 18 Core part 16 Annex 20 Dwelling unit 26 Air supply port (air supply means)
28 Air supply duct (air supply means)
30 Air supply fan (air supply means)
32 Smoke vent (smoke exhaust means)
34 Smoke exhaust (smoke exhaust means)
36 Smoke exhaust fan (smoke exhaust means)
38 Bypass damper (ventilation passage)
40 Elevator shaft 46 Air supply fan (shaft air supply means)
48 Air supply fan (shaft air supply means)
62 Fire detector (fire detection means)
64 control unit (first control means, second control means)
66 Smoke detector (smoke detection means)

Claims (5)

A core part located in the center and provided with evacuation stairs and emergency elevators;
A corridor orbiting the outer periphery of the core portion;
A plurality of dwelling units arranged outside the corridor;
An auxiliary room provided in the core portion and adjacent to the corridor;
An air supply means for supplying air to the annex room;
The smoke exhaust means disposed in the corridor, facing the core portion in between, and located away from the attached chamber;
High-rise apartment house characterized by having. The high-rise apartment building according to claim 1, wherein an air passage connecting the corridor and the outside world is provided on each floor. The high-rise apartment building according to claim 1, wherein the dwelling unit is provided with a balcony capable of retreating between adjacent doors. The high-rise apartment building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising shaft air supply means for supplying air to the elevator shaft from both sides of the uppermost floor and the lowermost floor. In the pressurization smoke prevention method used for the high-rise apartment house in any one of Claims 1-4,
A fire detection means for detecting a fire;
First control means for operating the air supply means on the fire floor based on a detection signal from the fire detection means;
Smoke detection means disposed in the corridor;
Second control means for operating the smoke exhausting means based on a detection signal from the smoke detecting means;
A pressurized smoke prevention method characterized by comprising:

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