JPH1015906A - Apparatus for working tenon of wooden building material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To simplify a mechanical constitution and to prevent chips of wood from being scattered. SOLUTION: Clamping means Ba and Bb for clamping a work material W in the longer direction are arranged in front and rear at a distance of a space. An elevating/descending body 15 for controlling and moving a standing guide 14 is provided on the side of the space. A revolving body 20 revolving in a horizontal face and a horizontally moving body 22 supported by the revolving body 20 and controlled and moved in the horizontal direction are provided on the elevating/descending body 15. A cut woking head F intersecting at right angles the horizontally controlling and moving direction and projecting horizontally a cutter 28a (28b and 28c) is arranged on the horizontally moving body 22. In addition, elevating/descending guides 29 and 29 are provided on the revolving body 20 and a cover body 30 for covering the outside part of the cutter 28a (28b and 28c) is provided on these elevating/descending guides 29 and 29 so as to elevate and descend freely it.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tenon processing apparatus for wooden building materials, which performs tenon processing at both ends of a processed material and longitudinal side faces.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional frame construction method, it is necessary to perform various mortise processes on a horizontal member, a column member and the like used as a structural material. For example, the joint processing (mortise processing) shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is performed on both ends of a beam or the like as a horizontal member, and the joint processing (mortise processing) shown in FIG. 11 is performed on the longitudinal side surface. The processing is performed by a processing machine proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-154807 entitled "Pre-cut processing machine".

[0003] When tenoning at the edge of both ends shown in Figs. 9 and 10, it is necessary to turn the cutter in the longitudinal direction (front and rear) and to control the cutter at least simultaneously in the vertical and horizontal directions. In addition, when performing tenoning on the side surface in the longitudinal direction of FIG. 11, it is necessary to turn the cutter to the left and right, and to control and move the cutter at least in the vertical direction and the front-back direction at the same time.

[0004]

In order to satisfy the above-mentioned processing conditions, a conventional tenon machine comprises a turning means for turning the direction of the cutter back and forth, left and right, and a three-axis for turning the cutter back and forth, left and right and up and down. It is provided with a movement control means for controlling and moving in the direction. This makes the overall configuration complex and large,
There was a problem that the cost was too high to be provided to a small factory as a general-purpose machine.

[0005] Further, when cutting a tenon, there is a problem that a large amount of chips are generated and scattered around. In order to prevent the chips from being scattered, it is necessary to always attach a cover body that corresponds to the cutting position and that accurately covers the peripheral portion of the cutter.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made based on the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and further on demands. The structure can be simplified by a rational structure, and a suitable chip scattering prevention cover is provided. It is intended to provide a tenon processing apparatus for wooden building materials.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, a tenon processing apparatus for a wooden building material according to the present invention is configured as follows, and its gist is as follows. is there.

That is, in the apparatus of the present invention, clamping means for clamping a work material in the longitudinal direction are provided in front and rear of a space, and an elevating body which is controlled to move vertically in the side of the space is provided. And, in this elevating body, a revolving body that rotates in a horizontal plane, and a cutting head that is supported by the revolving body and that moves in a controlled manner in the horizontal direction are provided, and the cutting head corresponds to the space, and The gist is that a cutter is provided in a direction orthogonal to the horizontal control movement direction, and a reciprocating guide is provided on the revolving body, and a cover that covers an outer portion of the cutter is provided on the reciprocating guide so as to be able to move up and down.

[0009]

When the revolving body rotates, the direction of the cutter and the horizontal movement direction of the cutter are simultaneously changed. That is, when the cutter is turned back and forth, the control movement direction of the cutter is the left and right direction, and when the cutter is turned right and left, the control movement direction of the cutter is the front and rear direction. In the former case,
The tenon is machined by moving the cutter in two axial directions, left and right and up and down. In the latter case, the tenon is performed by controlling the movement of the cutter in two axial directions of front and rear and up and down.

Since the position of the cover body changes with the turning operation of the revolving body, the outer peripheral portion of the cover body can always be covered corresponding to the cutter. The cover body descends together with the cutter, but stops descending when the lower end contacts the workpiece. After that, it stays at the stop position irrespective of the movement of the cutter to cover the cutting portion.

[0011]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, an embodiment of a tenon processing apparatus for a wooden building material according to the present invention will be specifically described. FIG. 1 is a side view showing the overall configuration. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the same. Note that the left-right direction in FIG. 1 (vertical direction in FIG. 2) is initially defined as the front-back direction, and the front-back direction in FIG.

In the drawing, 1 is a base frame 2a, 2b is a base frame 4 provided on the front side and the rear side of the base 1 at an appropriate interval (space 3), 4 is a base frame 2a,
Left and right slide guides 5a provided at the top of 2b,
5b is a slide base movably disposed on the slide guides 4, 4.

6a and 6b are roller-type tables provided on the upper surfaces of the slide bases 5a and 5b.
b is disposed with the space 3 therebetween, and guides and transfers the workpiece W in the longitudinal direction. Ba and Bb are clamping means for clamping and fixing the workpiece W.
a, Bb are provided with a pair of vice pieces 8, 8 on both sides which open and close in a centripetal manner, and operating handles 9, 9 for the pair. The clamping means Ba and Bb have a well-known function of finely adjusting the whole to the left and right.

Reference numerals 10 and 10 denote first stoppers 11 for positioning the slide bases 5a and 5b at one (left) slide end, and second stoppers 12 and 12 for positioning the slide bases 5a and 5b at the other (right) slide end. A set screw for fixing the slide bases 5a and 5b.

Numeral 13 denotes a vertical column established on the base 1 on the side of the empty space 3 (position on the right side in FIG. 2).
The vertical guide 15 provided on the vertical guide 15 is provided on the vertical guide 14 so as to be movable up and down. The vertical body 15 includes a vertical base 15a engaged with the vertical guide 14 and a beam 15b projecting from the vertical base 15a. C is an elevating feed means for controlling and moving the elevating body 15 in the vertical direction.
6. Feed screw shaft 17, passive nut 1 for lifting base 15a
8.

Reference numeral 19 denotes a vertical support shaft 20 attached to the tip of the beam 15b. Reference numeral 20 denotes a planar revolving body provided at the lower end of the support shaft 19. The turning means D is constituted by a rotary cylinder or the like, and turns the revolving unit 20 in units of 90 degrees.

Reference numeral 21 denotes a horizontal guide provided at the lower portion of the revolving body 20. A beam-shaped horizontal moving body movably disposed on the horizontal guide 21. The horizontal moving body 22 is rotated on a horizontal plane by the revolving body 20, It turns to the front-back direction (FIG. 3) and the left-right direction (FIG. 1). In FIG. 3, reference symbol E denotes a horizontal feed means for controlling and moving the horizontal moving body 22. The horizontal feed means is constituted by a servo motor 23, a feed screw shaft 24, and a passive nut 25.

F is a cutting head fixedly provided below the horizontal moving body 22. This cutting head F is composed of a drive motor 26 and cutters 28a (28b, 28c) mounted on a rotating shaft via a chuck 27. To do
The axis is projected in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the horizontal moving body 22. The above cutters 28a (28b, 28c) are selectively mounted in accordance with the tenon shape to be processed. The above-mentioned cutting head F is arranged in the space above the cavity 3.

Numerals 29, 29 are upward and downward elevating guides 30 mounted on the revolving unit 20 via stays 29a. A cover body which engages the slide cylinders 31, 31 with the elevating guides 29, 29 so as to be able to move up and down. Is always suspended at the lower end of the lifting guide by its weight, and the cutter 28a
The periphery of (28b, 28c) is jacketed. Reference numeral 32 denotes a dust cover provided on the cover body 30 and side covers provided on both sides of the cover body 30 so as to be able to move up and down.

Next, in FIG. 5, LS is a mounting stay 33.
Limit switch 3 attached to the revolving superstructure 20 via
Reference numeral 4 denotes a switch operating piece mounted on the cover body 30 side, and constitutes a detecting means H for detecting the upper surface of the workpiece W by using the switch operating piece 34 and the limit switch LS. This detecting means H detects when the cover body 30 comes into contact with the upper surface of the workpiece W and stops by the lowering operation of the cutting head F, and when the lowering of the cutting head F causes relative movement between the two. Output a signal.

The servomotor 23 of the horizontal moving body 22 and the servomotor 1 of the
6 is driven and controlled according to a predetermined NC program.
The operation program is prepared in various ways depending on the processing object, and is appropriately selected by a select switch (not shown) or the like. As an example, the program operation shown in FIG. 6 is performed in the case of female mortise at the tip, the program shown in FIG. 7 is performed for the male mortise at the tip, and the program operation shown in FIG.

6 to 8, P1 is a cutter 28.
The origin position P2 of a (28b, 28c) is the output position of the detection signal, and P3 is the cutting position of the cutter. P1 and P2
Is not constant depending on the type of tenon, the height of the workpiece W, etc., but P2 to P3 are always constant. From this, it is possible to set the start reference point of the tenon cutting with the upper surface of the workpiece W as a base point. In the section between P1 and P2, the cutter 28a (28b, 28c) is fast-forwarded, and
Cutting feed is performed in the section of P3 and thereafter. After the end of cutting, the cutter is quickly returned to the home position.

Reference numeral 35 denotes a left and right guide rail disposed on the base 1 below the empty space 3.
5 is a frame member 37 movably disposed on the upper surface of the frame member 36.
Is a pneumatic cylinder connected to the frame member 36, and switches between a position where the transport roller 37 is connected to the front and rear roller tables 6a and 6b and a position where it is retracted therefrom.

Ga and Gb are stopper means for regulating the feeding position of the workpiece W. The stopper means Ga, Gb
Are contact pieces 40a, 40 with the contact surfaces facing forward and rearward.
b, arm members 41a and 41b for supporting them, and a pneumatic cylinder 4 for rotating the arm members 41a and 41b
2, 42. Arm members 41a, 41b
The contact pieces 40a and 40b are set to a position facing the transfer surface of the transport roller 37 and a retracted position by the rotation of.

Reference numeral 43 denotes a dust collection hopper which opens upward to the cavity 3 and has a substantially square shape in plan view.
Are fixed to the frame member 36, and move in the left-right direction in conjunction with the frame member 36. A dust collector is connected to a lower portion of the dust collecting hopper 43 via a duct hose (not shown).

The construction of the mortise processing apparatus for wooden building materials according to one embodiment is as described above, and mortise processing is performed as follows. As an example, a case will be described in which a male tenon is machined to the front end and a tenon to the rear end, and then a tenon is machined to the side in the longitudinal direction.

First, the type and direction of the cutter attached to the cutting head F are confirmed. In the case of male mortise processing on the front end, a cutter 28b suitable for it is selected and attached to the head. Then, the direction of the cutter 28b is turned forward as indicated by the imaginary line in FIG. The turning operation is performed by an operation switch (not shown).

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the front clamping means Ba is fixed to the other moving end so as to correspond to the projecting direction of the cutter 28b. Although not shown, the transport roller 37 is moved and connected to the roller type table 6a which has moved together with the clamp means Ba. In this case, the contact piece 40a of the stopper means Ga is set at the projecting position.

When the setting of each part is completed as described above, the work material W is supplied onto the roller type table 6a, and then the work material W is advanced until the front end hits the contact piece 40a. Then, the clamp means Ba is operated in the contact state to clamp the workpiece W centripetally. After the fixing, the contact piece 40a is retracted from the transport surface, and the transport roller 37 is further retracted from the empty space 3 to the position shown in FIG.

When the setting of the work material W is completed in this way, an operation program suitable for the male tenon processing of the wood opening is selected by a selection switch (not shown), and cutting is executed. The cutter 28b is controlled to move in two directions, up and down and left and right. First, as shown in FIG. When it reaches, it is fast-forwarded downward.

This rapid traverse is performed by the lowering operation of the raising / lowering base 15a.
Abuts on the upper surface of the workpiece W. This contact position is P
This is the output position of the detection signal indicated by 2 and the fast-forward stops. Then, the cutting feed by the program is started with this position as a base point. The cutting feed is given vertically and horizontally, and a male tenon shown in FIG.

During this processing, since the transport rollers 37 and the like are retracted from the vacant space 3 in advance, there is no problem such as interference. When the processing is completed, the cutter 28b is raised and returned to the original position P1. When the return of the cutter is completed, the transport roller 37 moves to the communication position in the empty space 3. The workpiece W can be taken out by releasing the clamp.

During the above-mentioned machining operation, the cover 30
Stays at a fixed position in contact with the upper surface of the workpiece W to cover the cut portion and prevent chips from scattering. The lower dust collecting hopper 43 is located below the cutting section and collects chips. Since the cover 30 stops at the fixed position on the upper surface of the workpiece W regardless of the left-right control movement of the cutting head F, no trouble occurs due to sliding friction with the workpiece W.

A case where the rear end processing is performed subsequent to the front end processing will be described. At this time, the cutter is exchanged after the rear clamping means Bb is moved to one end as shown in FIG. 2 and connected to the transport roller 37, and then the cutting head F is turned backward as shown by the solid line in FIG. . Then, the work material W at the front side position is supplied to the rear side via the transport roller 37. After the supply, the rearward contact piece 40b is projected to the conveying surface to determine the rear end position of the workpiece W, and the clamping means B
Fix with b.

When the setting of the workpiece W is completed, the transport roller 37 is retracted, an operation program suitable for female tenon machining is selected, and cutting is started. This tenon processing
As shown in FIG. 6, cutting feed is performed in a downward direction from the origin position P1 via rapid traverse. The operations of the detecting means H, the cover body 30, the dust collecting hopper 42, and the like during operation are the same as those in the case of the male tenon processing described above, and the description will be omitted.

Next, a description will be given of a case where a female tenon is formed on the side surface of the work material W in the longitudinal direction. First, the cutting head F is turned to the left (see FIGS. 3 and 4), and the cutter is replaced with one suitable for tenoning. When the cutter replacement is completed, the front and rear clamp means Ba and Bb are set to be closer to one moving end, and the transport roller 37 is linked with both clamp means Ba and Bb.

The above-mentioned linking position is a retracted position at the time of machining the edge portions at both ends. Stopper means G
a and Gb are retracted from the upper surface of the transport roller 37. When the setting of each part is completed in this way, the work material W is supplied onto both roller type tables 6a and 6b and the transport roller 37.

The positioning of the workpiece W is performed by the cutting head F
The marking is performed by a light beam marking means (not shown) arranged above, and a black line attached to the work material W is aligned with the irradiation position of the light beam. The workpiece W after setting is clamped and fixed by clamping means Ba and Bb. In addition, since the transport roller 37 supports not the entire bottom surface of the workpiece W but a part thereof, it does not interfere with the cutter 28c at the time of processing.

After the above operations are completed, an operation program suitable for female tenon machining of the side portion is selected by a select switch (not shown), and cutting is executed. The cutter 28c is controlled to move in two axial directions, up and down and back and forth, and is first fast-forwarded downward from the origin position P1 as shown in FIG. During this operation, the lower end of the cover 30 contacts the upper surface of the workpiece W.

The above-mentioned contact position is a detection position indicated by P2, and fast-forwarding is stopped. Then, cutting feed by the NC program is started with this position as a base point. The required female tenon processing is performed on the side surface of the workpiece W by the control movement in the front-back and up-down directions. The chip scattering prevention by the cover body 30 and the chip collection by the dust collecting hopper 42 at the time of the side surface processing are the same as in the case of the edge opening processing.

When the width dimension (left-right dimension) of the work material W changes in the above, it is necessary to adjust the position of the cutter 28c in the left-right direction at the time of cutting in accordance with the change. This adjustment can be performed by a well-known method such as adjustment of the amount of the cutter 27c coming into and out of the chuck 27, adjustment of the positions of the front and rear clamp means Ba and Bb, and insertion of a spacer between the clamp means Ba and Bb.

As described above, when the female tenon processing on the side surface is completed, the clamping means Ba, Bb is released and the workpiece W is carried out from the tables 6a, 6b. After unloading, the process returns to the beginning, and successively mortises subsequent ones while performing operations such as selection of a cutter, selection of an operation program, and setting of a work material.

Although the cutting head F of one embodiment has the cutter protruding only to one side, it can be constituted by having a rotating shaft at both ends or radially. In this case, the turning operation and the changing operation of the cutter can be reduced as much as possible, so that an efficient tenoning operation can be performed.

In one embodiment, the clamping means Ba, B
b is selectively moved in the left-right direction to cope with the processing of the opening and the tenoning of the side surface. However, if each of them is provided with a dedicated clamp means, it is possible to eliminate the operation of moving the clamp means.

[0045]

As described above, the tenon machine according to the present invention simultaneously changes the direction of the cutter and the direction of its control movement by turning the revolving body in a horizontal plane. It corresponds to tenon processing. For this reason, an excellent effect that the configuration can be significantly simplified as compared with the conventional case in which the movement control means in the left, right, front and rear directions is separately provided. Therefore, it can be provided as a general-purpose device at low cost.

Further, according to the tenoning apparatus of the present invention, the cover body is turned together with the cutter so that the cover always corresponds to the cutting position and can be covered in a stopped state. For this reason, an excellent effect of being able to completely prevent the scattering of chips is exhibited.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an entire configuration of a tenon processing apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a part of the same.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing the cutting head by turning operation.

FIG. 4 is also a plan view.

FIG. 5 is a side view showing an attached state of the cutting head and a cover body.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a control operation in the case of performing tenoning to a front edge of a front end;

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a control operation in a case where a male tenon is formed in a rear end of a mouth;

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a control operation when performing tenoning on a side portion;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing the shape of a female tenon at the tip end.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the shape of a male tenon at a wood opening.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the shape of a female tenon on a side surface.

[Explanation of symbols]

 3 Vacuum Ba Clamping Means Bb Clamping Means 15 Elevating Body C Elevating Feeding Means 20 Revolving Body D Rotating Means 22 Horizontal Moving Body E Horizontal Feeding Means F Cutting Processing Head 28a Cutter 28b Cutter 28c Cutter 29 Elevating Guide 30 Cover 30a Side Cover LS Limit switch H Detecting means 37 Transport roller 43 Dust collection hopper

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Clamping means for clamping a work material in a longitudinal direction is disposed forward and backward across a space, and an elevating body for vertically controlled movement is provided beside the space, and the elevating body is provided. In addition, a revolving body that rotates in a horizontal plane, a cutting head that is supported by the revolving body and that moves in a horizontal direction is provided.In addition, the cutting head corresponds to the space, and the horizontal control movement direction Equipped with orthogonally oriented cutters,
In addition, an ascending and descending guide is provided on the revolving body, and a cover body that covers an outer portion of the cutter is provided on the ascending and descending guide so as to be capable of ascending and descending.